CN111528097B - Method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons - Google Patents
Method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, belonging to the technical field of potato cultivation; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method. The method of the invention is used as a supplement for the aerosol cultivation of the miniature potatoes, the stolons remained after the production of the aeroponics potatoes are picked up to be made into stem sections, and the stem sections are sterilized and then planted in the matrix for recycling, thus expanding the propagation efficiency of the potatoes, increasing the propagation coefficient and reducing the production cost input. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by the aerosol method, the propagation coefficient is greatly increased, and the investment of production cost is correspondingly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potato cultivation, in particular to a method for breeding potato mini potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons.
Background
The miniature potato is also called original seed, the potato can be used for propagating enough number of virus-free test-tube seedlings in a laboratory, then the virus-free test-tube seedlings are transplanted into a matrix (turf, vermiculite and the like), and then the miniature potato is harvested. At present, the method for producing the potato miniature potatoes comprises an aerosol method, wherein during the process of producing the potato miniature potatoes by the aerosol method, stolons grow along with the growth of each potato seedling, the stolons of each potato seedling can reach about 10, and each stolons grows for 30-50 cm. However, after the miniature potatoes are harvested, strong stolons and potato seedlings are discarded together, so that the environment is polluted and production waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding miniature potatoes by utilizing stems of stolons of the potatoes, which is used as a supplement for aerosol cultivation of the miniature potatoes, and the residual stolons after the aerosol cultivation of the potatoes are utilized to obtain the miniature potatoes, so that the breeding coefficient of the miniature potatoes can be increased.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, which comprises the following steps:
1) Sterilizing the stem sections of the potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node;
2) Laying the disinfected stem segments in a first matrix which is thoroughly irrigated, covering the first matrix with a second matrix, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%; the first substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite; the second substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite;
when the seedling height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, applying MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer; respectively applying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution when the potato seedlings are 14-16 cm and 28-32 cm in height, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 per thousand in mass percentage; when the seedling height of the potatoes is 28-32 cm, applying 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol;
3) And when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, harvesting the potato miniature potatoes.
Preferably, the length of the potato stolons in step 1) is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the disinfection mode in the step 1) comprises the step of spraying and disinfecting the stem sections by adopting 800-1000 times of the aqueous solution of zineb.
Preferably, the length of the stem segment in step 1) is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the first substrate in step 2) is 5cm; the covering thickness of the second substrate is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, the MS nutrient solution in step 2) comprises the following components by mass: NH (NH) 4 NO 3 30000～35000mg/L、KNO 3 35000～40000mg/L、CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 8500～9000mg/L、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 7200～7500mg/L，KH 2 PO 4 3200～3500mg/L、KI 160～170mg/L、H 3 BO 3 1200～1300mg/L、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 4400～4500mg/L、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O1700～1750mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 45～55mg/L、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 3～8mg/L、CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 3～8mg/L、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 5500～5600mg/L、Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O7400-7500 mg/L; the MS nutrient solution is applied in a mode of spraying for 3 times, and the application amount is based on the fact that water drops are fully hung on the surfaces of plants.
Preferably, the effective content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer in the step 2) is 1:1:1; the application mode of the balanced water soluble fertilizer comprises broadcast application, the application frequency is 3-5, and the application amount is 50g/m 2 。
Preferably, the application mode of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in the step 2) comprises spraying; when the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 2 times, and the application amount is that the surface of the potato seedlings is full of water plants; and when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 3 times, and the application amount is based on that the surface of the potato seedlings is full of water plants.
Preferably, in the step 2), when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol are separately applied; the application mode of the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol comprises spraying, wherein the application frequency is 1 time, and the application amount is based on that the surface of a plant is full of water plants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method. The method of the invention is used as a supplement for the aerosol cultivation of the miniature potatoes, the stolons remained after the production of the aeroponics potatoes are picked up to be made into stem sections, and the stem sections are sterilized and then planted in the matrix for recycling, thus expanding the propagation efficiency of the potatoes, increasing the propagation coefficient and reducing the production cost input. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by the aerosol method, the propagation coefficient is greatly increased, and the investment of production cost is correspondingly reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for breeding potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons, which comprises the following steps:
1) Sterilizing the stem sections of the potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node;
2) Laying the disinfected stem segments in a first matrix which is thoroughly irrigated, covering the first matrix with a second matrix, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%; the first substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite; the second substrate comprises grass peat or vermiculite;
when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, applying MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer; respectively applying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution when the heights of the potato seedlings are 14-16 cm and 28-32 cm, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 per thousand in percentage by mass; when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol is applied;
3) And when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, harvesting the potato miniature potatoes.
Firstly, disinfecting stem sections of stolons of potatoes; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by an aerosol method, the method for cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by the aerosol method is not particularly limited, and the method for cultivating the potato mini-potatoes by the conventional aerosol method in the field is adopted; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node; in the specific implementation process of the invention, each stem segment has one stem node; the length of the potato stolons is preferably 30-50 cm, more preferably 40cm. In the invention, the number of stolons of the potato growing on each potato seedling can reach 8-12 in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by the aerosol method. In the invention, the collection time of the potato stolons is preferably 13-17 days before the harvest of the potatoes, and more preferably 15 days; during the harvesting process, the potato stolons are removed from the roots, all well-growing stolons being removed.
In the invention, the stolons of the potatoes under the condition of aeroponic cultivation have life vitality, and the stem segments of the stolons are utilized to further cultivate potato seedlings and form potato blocks, so that the propagation coefficient of the miniature potatoes can be effectively increased.
In the invention, the preferred disinfection mode comprises the steps of spraying and disinfecting the stem sections by adopting 800-1000 times of the zineb aqueous solution; the spraying amount of the invention is not specially limited, and the spraying is uniform.
The invention lays the disinfected stem section in the first matrix which is thoroughly watered, covers the second matrix which is not watered, and cultures under the conditions of 25-28 ℃ and humidity of 50-80 percent to grow the potato seedlings.
In the present invention, the length of the stem section is preferably 5 to 10cm, more preferably 6 to 8cm; the spacing between adjacent stem segments is preferably 3 to 5cm.
In the present invention, the first substrate and the second substrate comprise grass peat or vermiculite, respectively; the thickness of the first substrate is preferably 5cm; the covering thickness of the second substrate is preferably 5-8 cm; the first substrate and the second substrate are preferably separately sterilized before use; the disinfection mode preferably comprises formaldehyde stuffy pile disinfection or high-temperature steam disinfection; the first substrate and the second substrate are sterilized and then placed for 2-3 days for reuse; the first substrate is preferably placed in a seedling raising plate or on a seedling bed for producing miniature potatoes by the substrate; the water permeation is based on water permeation.
In the invention, the facility for culturing is preferably a sunlight greenhouse or a net shed with good isolation conditions and no aphids;
according to the invention, when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, MS nutrient solution or balanced water soluble fertilizer is applied; in the present invention, the MS nutrient solution preferably comprises the following components in mass concentration: NH 4 NO 3 30000～35000mg/L、KNO 3 35000～40000mg/L、CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 8500～9000mg/L、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 7200～7500mg/L，KH 2 PO 4 3200～3500mg/L、KI 160～170mg/L、H 3 BO 3 1200～1300mg/L、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 4400～4500mg/L、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O1700～1750mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 45～55mg/L、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 3～8mg/L、CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 3～8mg/L、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 5500～5600mg/L、Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O7400-7500 mg/L; more preferably, the MS nutrient solution preferably comprises the following components in mass concentration: NH (NH) 4 NO 3 33000mg/L、KNO 3 38000mg/L、CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 8800mg/L、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 7400mg/L，KH 2 PO 4 3400mg/L、KI 166mg/L、H 3 BO 3 1240mg/L、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 4460mg/L、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1720mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 50mg/L、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 5mg/L、CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 5mg/L、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 5560mg/L、Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O7460 mg/L. In the MS nutrient solution, NH 4 NO 3 、KNO 3 、CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 Is macroelement (mother liquor I), KI and H 3 BO 3 、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O is a trace element (mother liquor II) and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O is iron salt (mother liquor III). The application mode of the MS nutrient solution preferably comprises spraying, and the application frequency is preferably 3 times; the single application rate is preferably based on the condition that the surface of the plant is full of water drops.
In the invention, the effective content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 1:1:1; the application mode of the balanced water soluble fertilizer comprises broadcasting application, wherein the application frequency is 3-5 times; the application amount of each time is preferably 50g/m 2 。
When the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm, applying a monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of the monopotassium phosphate in the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3-5 per thousand, and preferably 4 per thousand; in the invention, the application mode of the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution preferably comprises spraying, when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the application frequency of the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 times, and the application amount is based on that the water plants are fully hung on the surfaces of the plants; the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution has the function of supplementing potassium fertilizer for the later growth stage of plants and improving the yield of miniature potatoes.
When the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, applying monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 400-600 times of liquid paclobutrazol; preferably, the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol are applied separately or used at the same time, and if the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and the paclobutrazol are applied separately, the application interval time is more than 1h; the application mode of the 400-600 times liquid paclobutrazol preferably comprises spraying, wherein the application frequency is 1 time; the single application amount is preferably based on the condition that the surface of the plant is full of water plants; the paclobutrazol has the effects of controlling the height of seedlings, reducing nutrient consumption and increasing the nutrient requirement of underground tubers.
The invention collects the potato micro-potatoes when the cultivation time is 55-65 d, preferably 50 d.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Cutting off stolons harvested in potato aeroponic cultivation production, cutting the stolons into small sections, arranging a stem node on each stem section, neatly and flatly placing the stem sections in a clean seedling tray, uniformly spraying 800 times of liquid zineb strong zinc solution for disinfection, and airing for later use.
2. Preparing fresh grass peat. Placing the grass carbon in a seedling raising tray, watering thoroughly, placing the disinfected and dried stolon stems on a matrix after water seeps, wherein the stems are placed neatly, covering the grass carbon with the thickness of 5cm after the stem is placed, and avoiding the need of watering after the matrix is covered.
3. The planting facility is a sunlight greenhouse with good isolation condition and no aphid, and the indoor temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 50-80%.
4. Seedling emergence is carried out 7-10 days after planting, MS nutrient solution is sprayed at the height of 5cm of the seedling, and monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage content of 3 per mill is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 15cm and 30cm of the seedling; spraying 500 times of paclobutrazol liquid at the height of the seedling of 30cm, controlling the height of the seedling, reducing the nutrient consumption and increasing the nutrient requirement of underground tubers.
The MS nutrient solution formula comprises: NH (NH) 4 NO 3 33000mg/L、KNO 3 38000mg/L、CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O8800mg/L、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 7400mg/L，KH 2 PO 4 3400mg/L、KI 166mg/L、H 3 BO 3 1240mg/L、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 4460mg/L、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1720mg/L、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O50mg/L、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 5mg/L、CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 5mg/L、FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 5560mg/L、Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O7460 mg/L, wherein NH 4 NO 3 、KNO 3 、CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 Contains macroelements (mother liquor I), KI and H 3 BO 3 、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O、Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O is a trace element (mother liquor II) and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O is iron salt (mother liquor III).
5. Harvesting 55-65 days after planting, wherein each stem can grow one seedling, and 1-3 g of miniature potatoes can be harvested per seedling for 1-2 grains. The collected miniature potatoes are marked with the names of varieties and placed in seed bags for production after the epidermis is lignified. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by an aerosol method.
Example 2
1. Cutting off stolons harvested in potato aeroponic cultivation production, cutting the stolons into small sections, arranging a stem node on each stem section, neatly and flatly placing the stem sections in a clean seedling tray, uniformly spraying 1000-fold liquid zineb solution for disinfection, and airing for later use.
2. Fresh vermiculite was prepared. Putting vermiculite in a seedling tray, watering thoroughly, putting the stolon segments after disinfection and air drying on a matrix after water infiltration, putting the stolon segments in order, covering the vermiculite with the thickness of 5cm after putting, and avoiding the need of watering after covering the vermiculite.
3. The planting facility is a sunlight greenhouse with good isolation condition and no aphid, and the indoor temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the humidity is kept at 50-80%.
4. Seedling emergence is carried out 7-10 days after planting, a balanced water soluble fertilizer is sprayed when the height of the seedling is 5cm, and monopotassium phosphate with the mass percentage content of 3% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the seedling 15cm and 30 cm; spraying 500 times of paclobutrazol liquid at the height of the seedling of 30cm, controlling the height of the seedling, reducing the nutrient consumption and increasing the nutrient requirement of underground tubers.
5. Harvesting 55-65 days after planting, wherein each stem can grow one seedling, and 1-3 g of miniature potatoes can be harvested per seedling for 1-2 grains. 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained by cultivating each potato seedling by an aerosol method. The collected miniature potatoes are marked with variety names and placed in seed bags for production after the epidermis is suberized.
According to the embodiment, in the process of producing the miniature potatoes by aerial fog cultivation, 30-50 creeping stem sections can be obtained from each plant, a new seedling can grow on each stem section, 1.5 miniature potatoes can be propagated from each seedling, namely 45-75 miniature potatoes can be obtained after the creeping stems of each plant are reused, the propagation coefficient is greatly increased, and the production cost input is correspondingly reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for propagating potato mini-potatoes by utilizing stem segments of potato stolons comprises the following steps:
1) Sterilizing the stem sections of the potato stolons; the potato stolons comprise potato stolons grown in the process of cultivating the miniature potatoes by an aerosol method; each stem segment comprises at least one stem node;
2) Laying the disinfected stem segments in a first matrix which is thoroughly poured, covering the first matrix with a second matrix, and culturing at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%; the first substrate is grass carbon or vermiculite; the second substrate is grass carbon or vermiculite;
when the height of the potato seedlings is 4-6 cm, applying MS nutrient solution or a balanced water soluble fertilizer; respectively applying a monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution when the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm and 28-32 cm, wherein the monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is 3 per thousand in percentage by mass; when the seedling height of the potato is 28 to 32cm, applying 400 to 600 times of liquid paclobutrazol;
when the culture time is 55 to 65d, collecting the potato miniature potatoes;
the disinfection mode in the step 1) comprises the steps of spraying and disinfecting the stem by adopting 800 to 1000 times of liquid mancozeb aqueous solution;
the thickness of the first substrate in the step 2) is 5cm; the covering thickness of the second matrix is 5 to 8cm;
the MS nutrient solution in the step 2) comprises the following components in mass concentration:
NH 4 NO 3 30000~35000mg/L、
KNO 3 35000~40000mg/L、
CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 8500~9000mg/L、
MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 7200~7500mg/L，
KH 2 PO 4 3200~3500mg/L、
KI 160~170mg/L、
H 3 BO 3 1200~1300mg/L、
MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 4400~4500mg/L、
ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1700~1750mg/L、
Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 45~55mg/L、
CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 3~8mg/L、
CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 3~8mg/L、
FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 5500~5600mg/L、
Na 2 -EDTA·2H 2 O 7400~7500mg/L；
the MS nutrient solution is applied in a mode of spraying for 3 to 5 times, and the application amount is based on the fact that water drops are fully hung on the surface of a plant.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the potato stolons in step 1) are 30 to 50cm in length.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the stem segment in step 1) is 5 to 10cm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the effective content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the balanced water soluble fertilizer in the step 2) is 1; the application mode of the balanced water soluble fertilizer comprises broadcast application, the application frequency is 3 to 5, and the application amount is 50g/m 2 。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application manner of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in step 2) comprises spraying; when the height of the potato seedlings is 14-16 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 2 times, and the application amount is based on the fact that water drops are fully hung on the surfaces of plants; and when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm, the application frequency of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 3 times, and the application amount is based on the condition that water drops are fully hung on the surfaces of the plants.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of monopotassium phosphate and 400-600-fold liquid paclobutrazol are separately applied when the height of the potato seedlings is 28-32 cm in step 2); the application mode of the liquid paclobutrazol of 400 to 600 times comprises spraying, wherein the application frequency is 1 time, and the application amount is based on that water drops are fully hung on the surface of a plant.
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| CN110226505A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-13 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A method of utilizing micro potato young shoot numerous micro potato fastly |
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