CN106459360B - 热塑性聚氨酯热熔粘合剂 - Google Patents
热塑性聚氨酯热熔粘合剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106459360B CN106459360B CN201580025426.5A CN201580025426A CN106459360B CN 106459360 B CN106459360 B CN 106459360B CN 201580025426 A CN201580025426 A CN 201580025426A CN 106459360 B CN106459360 B CN 106459360B
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- melt adhesive
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- thermoplastic polyurethane
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Abstract
公开了一种包含热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物包含至少一种聚酯多元醇与至少一种聚异氰酸酯的反应产物;其中所述聚异氰酸酯的NCO基与所述聚酯多元醇的OH基的摩尔比小于0.95:1;其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物在160℃的粘度为1,000‑100,000mPas;其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物是热稳定的;以及其中所述热稳定性的定义为,与所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的初始粘度相比,在160℃和6小时后的粘度变化小于±10%。
Description
本发明涉及基于热稳定的热塑性聚氨酯共聚物(TPU)的热熔粘合剂组 合物,所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物可通过由至少一种聚酯多元醇与至少一种 聚异氰酸酯反应获得。所述TPU的聚异氰酸酯的NCO基与聚酯多元醇的 OH基的摩尔比小于0.95:1,并且所述TPU在160℃的粘度为1,000- 100,000mPas。此外,还涉及根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物的施用方法 以及其特定用途。
对热熔粘合剂的主要需求为它们熔融时的性能、施用以及固化后粘合 性。若粘合剂的粘度过高,则难以进行施用过程。若温度升高,则聚合物 在施用期间的稳定性降低。因而降低形成的粘合的强度。
最常见聚氨酯热熔粘合剂具有反应性,含有异氰酸酯官能团以及为湿 气固化的。固化的发生通常需要经过至少数天。材料对多种基板产生通用 的粘合性,并且粘合可抗高温和低温以及高湿。然而,这些聚氨酯热熔粘 合剂在施用前需要用昂贵的包装保护以避免受潮,并且处理这些粘着剂所 需的施用设备也很昂贵。此外,这些反应性聚氨酯热熔粘合剂含有2-5% 的游离异氰酸酯单体如4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),其是一种呼吸致敏物,可能造成健康问题。游离单体可被减少至较低程度,但这个过程 昂贵。这些粘合剂的固化是可变的,可视基板内的水分含量、大气湿度、 和配制品的水汽传送率以及胶合线的厚度而减缓。
也已知制备非反应性聚氨酯。在此情况下,聚合物不能含有反应性 NCO基,亦即应该基本上无NCO基,从而可不出问题地储存非反应性聚 氨酯。此类热塑性聚氨酯用于制造模塑制品,例如鞋类、电缆、软管、薄 膜或机器零件。此类制品在常温使用,因而它们不呈现粘合剂的性能。
本技术领域已公知基于热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的粘合剂。这些热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)热熔粘合剂包含聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇可为半结晶的,与二异氰酸酯以及通常也与增链剂反应。经常使用 MDI作为二异氰酸酯。增链剂通常为低数均分子量的二元醇,例如,1,4-丁二醇。为达到良好的机械性能,这些TPU的数均分子量高,并且通常超 过40,000g/mol(Mn)。
例如,US 3,538,055 A公开了一种聚酯成分的热塑性聚氨酯粘合剂产 品,其以一定的比例包含1,6-己二醇和脂族二羧酸化合物、脂族二元醇, 以及二苯基二异氰酸酯,从而为组合物内存在的羟基和羧基总数提供约 95-约105%的异氰酸基。
US 2011/0245449 A公开了一种包含热塑性聚氨酯作为热熔粘合剂的 薄膜、注塑或挤出制品,热塑性聚氨酯由基本上对称的脂族二异氰酸酯A 与至少一种包含羟基和/或氨基的异氰酸酯反应性化合物B获得,其中化合 物B的数均分子量(Mn)为至少2200g/mol,前提是,若化合物B为癸二酸 酯时,化合物B的数均分子量(Mn)至少为950g/mol,二异氰酸酯A与异 氰酸酯反应性化合物B在加聚反应催化剂的存在下反应,所述TPU不含 增链剂,并且所述TPU的指数IN小于1000。此外,公开了利用所述热塑 性聚氨酯来熔融粘合的具体方法。
虽然这些TPU材料有良好的机械性能,但所述材料不易加工处理。其 处理温度需要超过160℃,通常为180-220℃并且在此高温范围内具有非常 高的熔融粘度,通常为大于100,000至500,000mPas。为使这些材料熔 融,以使其充分柔软从而能流动,可以施用,需要兼具高温和高剪切速 率。因此,在制造这些TPU和使用这些TPU时,需要使用昂贵的挤出机来处理这些TPU。此外,这些聚合物具有低的热稳定性,亦即,当其长期 保持在高处理温度时,聚合物链降解成较低分子量,从而导致熔融粘度和 机械性能的实质性降低。由于非常高的粘度、制造中的高剪切速率以及热 稳定性不佳,导致这些TPU不能用于典型热塑性热熔粘合剂的标准施用设 备。
已知在140℃具有5,000-40,000mPas的较低熔融粘度的TPU材料可用 于弹性箔的层合。然而,此类材料非常软,具有相对低的内聚力、相对低 的机械性能、低结合强度以及低耐热性而使其不适合用于许多应用。
因此,本发明的目的为提供基于TPU的改良热熔粘合剂,其具有低施 用粘度,并且熔融TPU具有增强的热稳定性,以及具有高粘合性/内聚 力。另外,本发明的目的为提供基本上不含异氰酸酯单体并且具有增强的 热稳定性的热熔粘合剂。此外,本发明的另外的目的为提供基于TPU的热 熔粘合剂,在将TPU作为粘合剂施用时,不需要使用挤出机。
此目的可通过包含热塑性聚氨酯共聚物(TPU)的热熔粘合剂而实现, 所述TPU具有低于0.95:1的NCO:OH比,并且在160℃具有1,000- 100,000mPas的粘度,且为热稳定的。此外,由于改善了TPU的热稳定 性,因而出人意料地便于进行施用过程。在这方面,已惊讶地发现,本发 明的粘合剂可用于标准加工设备,而不需高热量和高剪切。特别地,这些 材料可以用于处理其它热塑性热熔粘合剂(例如聚烯烃、橡胶、EVA、丙 烯酸类树脂)的低剪切速率用于标准加工设备,。此外,与现有技术的常 见TPU粘合剂相比,所述熔融粘合剂可使用更长时间。
根据本发明的粘合剂是热塑性热熔粘合剂。其为可熔的,但是基本上 无施用后可交联的反应性官能团。所述粘合剂由热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和下 文中详述的其他添加剂组成。
本说明书中,术语“一”和“一种”以及“至少一种”均与术语“一种或多 种”相同并且可互换使用。
本发明的上下文中,术语“基本上无”解释为基于组合物的总重量,组 合物中包含的所述化合物的含量分别为低于5重量%、低于4重量%、低 于3重量%、低于2重量%、低于1.5重量%、低于1重量%、低于0.75 重量%、低于0.5重量%、低于0.25重量%,或0.1重量%,其中所述含 量分别以递降次序更优选。例如,4重量%比5重量%更优选,以及3重量%比4重量%更优选。
除非另有明述,否则简称“TPU”解释为意指“至少一种TPU”。
在本发明中,聚异氰酸酯的NCO基与聚酯多元醇的OH基的摩尔 比,亦称之为NCO:OH比。
特别地,本发明涉及一种包含热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的热熔粘合剂组合 物,
其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物包含至少一种聚酯多元醇与至少一种聚 异氰酸酯的反应产物;
其中所述聚异氰酸酯的NCO基与所述聚酯多元醇的OH基的摩尔比 小于0.95:1;
其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物在160℃的粘度为1,000-100,000mPas;
其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物是热稳定的,以及
其中所述热稳定性的定义为,与所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的初始粘度 相比,在160℃和6小时后的粘度变化小于±10%。
此外,本发明涉及向基板施用根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物的方 法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)在没有搅拌或剪切的情况下,使所述热熔粘合剂组合物在被加热 的容器中熔融;
2)经由齿轮或活塞,将步骤1)的熔融的热熔粘合剂组合物泵送通过 被加热的软管;和
3)经由喷嘴、辊或喷头,将所述热熔粘合剂组合物施用到基板上。
另外,本发明还涉及根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物在装订 (bookbinding)、木材粘合、平坦层合(flat lamination)、软质包装、缠绕 包装(profile wrapping)、封边、织物层合(textile lamination)、低压模塑、以 及鞋类中的用途。
本发明其它优选实施方式在权利要求书中列出。
根据本发明的TPU具有小于0.95:1的NCO:OH比。在优选实施方式 中,NCO:OH比的范围具有选自0.95:1、0.9:1、0.85:1、0.8:1、0.75:1或 0.7:1的上限,以及选自0.65:1、0.7:1、0.75:1、0.8:1、0.85:1、0.9:1的下限 的任何组合。在更优选的实施方式中,NCO:OH比的范围是0.7:1-0.9:1。 在最优选的实施方式中,NCO:OH比是0.75:1-0.85:1。
根据本发明的TPU在160℃具有1,000-100,000mPas的粘度。在优选 实施方式中,粘度范围具有选自1,000、2,000、3,000、4,000、5,000、 7,500、10,000、15,000、20,000、25,000、30,000、35,000、40,000、 45,000、50,000,和70,000mPas的下限,以及选自100,000、90,000、 80,000、70,000、60,000、50,000、45,000、40,000、35,000、30,000、 25,000,和20,000mPas的上限的任何组合。在更优选的实施方式中,粘度 是2,000-70,000mPas。在最优选的实施方式中,粘度是3,000-50,000 mPas。
根据本发明的TPU是热稳定的。热稳定性定义为,与TPU的初始粘 度相比,在160℃和6小时后的粘度变化小于±10%。粘度的测量描述于下 文的实施例部分。
根据本发明的TPU的主要成分为聚酯多元醇。这些包括结晶或半结晶 聚酯多元醇(在本发明称为半结晶聚酯多元醇)、以及非结晶聚酯多元 醇,非结晶聚酯多元醇包括液体聚酯多元醇和固体无定形聚酯多元醇。聚 酯多元醇已为技术人员所公知,并且其可通过多元羧酸与多元醇的反应获 得。为了并入支化而不引起交联,在反应中可包含少量三官能性醇或羧 酸。为获得线性聚酯多元醇,优选大部分单体为双官能组分。可根据共聚 单体的类型,调整聚酯多元醇的性能。如何制备半结晶和非结晶聚酯多元 醇为技术人员所公知。聚酯应包含至少两个羟基。可通过不同组分来设计 聚酯的性能。例如,单一的线性脂族二元醇和线性脂族二元酸易产生半结 晶聚合物。通过增加二元酸的碳链长度或通过利用对称芳香族二元酸可增 加熔点。通过增加共聚单体的数目或并入支化的脂族共聚单体,可获得更 多无定形材料。聚酯多元醇可包含其它官能团如NH或COOH,其也可与 一种或多种异氰酸酯反应。制备用的适当单体于下文中描述。
选择TPU的组分,从而优选可获得线性聚氨酯。为获得基本上无 NCO基的TPU,选择一种或多种异氰酸酯的NCO基的量(当量),使其小 于聚酯多元醇的反应性OH、NH、COOH基的量(当量)。
根据本发明的TPU中包含的至少一种聚酯多元醇可以优选包含
a)至少一种半结晶聚酯多元醇,其具有40-150℃的熔点(Tm),优选 60-140℃,更优选80-140℃(是通过下述的DSC测定的),和
b)至少一种非结晶聚酯多元醇。
根据第a)项的至少一种半结晶聚酯多元醇,优选具有超过750g/mol 的数均分子量(Mn,是通过下述GPC测量的)。在更优选实施方式中,Mn的范围具有选自超过750、1,000、2,000、3,000、4,000、5,000、6,000、 7,000、8,000、9,000和9,500g/mol的下限,以及选自10,000、9,000、 8,000、7,000、6,000、5,000、4,500、4,000、3,500、3,000、2,500、2,000 和1,000g/mol的上限的任何组合。在甚至更优选的实施方式中,范围为 1,000-7,000g/mol。在最优选的实施方式中,范围为1,000-5,000g/mol。此 类聚酯多元醇的组成可选自下面所列举的酸和二元醇单体,其形成结晶聚 酯。优选使用的二元醇组分包括脂族二元醇,例如1,4-丁二醇和1,6-己二 醇。
在优选实施方式中,基于TPU的总重量,热熔粘合剂组合物包含的第 a)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为5-50重量%。在更优选的实施方式中,根据第 a)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为10-40重量%,以及在最优选的实施方式中为 从15-30重量%。
基于TPU的总重量,在优选的实施方式中,热熔粘合剂组合物包含的 第b)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为10-90重量%。在更优选的实施方式中,根 据第b)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为20-80重量%,以及在最优选的实施方式 中为30-60重量%。这些非结晶聚酯多元醇优选具有从50至-70℃,更优 选从30至-60℃,最优选从20至-50℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。非结晶聚酯 多元醇可以优选是液体聚酯多元醇,其优选在室温(约25℃)具有500- 50,000mPas的粘度。
根据第b)项的至少一种非结晶聚酯多元醇优选包含
c)数均分子量(Mn)小于750g/mol的非结晶聚酯多元醇;和
d)数均分子量(Mn)为至少750g/mol的非结晶聚酯多元醇。
根据第c)项的至少一种非结晶聚酯多元醇优选具有小于750g/mol的 数均分子量(Mn,是通过下述GPC测量的)。在更优选的实施方式中,Mn的范围具有选自200、300、400、500、600和700g/mol的下限,以及选 自740、700、600、500、450、400、350、300和250g/mol的上限的任何 组合。在更优选的实施方式中,范围为700-250g/mol。在最优选的实施方 式中,范围为600-300g/mol。此类聚酯多元醇的组成可选自下面所列举的 酸和二元醇单体,其可形成非结晶聚酯。优选使用的二元醇组分为乙二 醇、二甘醇、丙二醇和新戊二醇。
根据第d)项的至少一种非结晶聚酯多元醇优选具有超过750g/mol的 数均分子量(Mn,是通过下述GPC测量的)。在更优选的实施方式中,Mn的范围内具有选自760、1,000、2,000、3,000、4,000、5,000、6,000、 7,000、8,000、9,000、9,500和9,750g/mol的下限,以及选自10,000、 9,000、8,000、7,000、6,000、5,000、4,500、4,000、3,500、3,000、 2,500、2,000和1,000g/mol的上限的任何组合。在更优选的实施方式中, 范围为1,000-7,000g/mol。在最优选的实施方式中,范围为1,000-5,000 g/mol。此类聚酯多元醇的组合物可选自下面所列举的酸和二元醇单体,其 可形成非结晶聚酯。所使用的优选二元醇组分包括乙二醇、二甘醇、丙二 醇和新戊二醇。
在优选的实施方式中,基于TPU的总重量,热熔粘合剂组合物包含的 第c)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为5-50重量%。在更优选的实施方式中,根据 第c)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为10-40重量%,以及在最优选的实施方式中 为15-30重量%。
在优选的实施方式中,基于TPU的总重量,热熔粘合剂组合物包含的 第d)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为10-60重量%。在更优选的实施方式中,根 据第d)项的聚酯多元醇的含量为20-50重量%,以及在最优选的实施方式 中为25-50重量%。
在更优选的实施方式中,基于TPU的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合 剂组合物包含10-30重量%的化合物a);10-35重量%的化合物c);10-35 重量%的化合物d);以及10-25重量%的至少一种聚异氰酸酯。
通过缩合一种或多种具有优选2-30个碳原子的多元醇与一种或多种具 有优选2-14个碳原子的多元羧酸形成适合的聚酯多元醇。适合的多元醇包 括亚烷基二醇,特别是具有2-30个碳原子的线性醇,其展现不超过四个, 优选两个OH基;二醇醚;以及脂环族多元醇。适合多元醇的实例包括乙 二醇、丙二醇如1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇、甘油、季戊四醇、三羟甲醇丙 烷、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、十二烷二醇、辛二醇、氯代戊二醇、甘油 单烯丙基醚、甘油单乙基醚、二甘醇、2-乙基己二醇、1,4-环己二醇、 1,2,6-己三醇、1,3,5-己三醇、1,3-双-(2-羟乙氧基)丙烷等。多元醇可单独或 组合使用。其优选具有从100-750g/mol的分子量,其官能度优选2或3。
多元羧酸的实例包括邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氯邻 苯二甲酸、马来酸、十二烷基马来酸、十八烯基马来酸、富马酸、乌头 酸、偏苯三甲酸、丙三甲酸、3,3'-硫代二丙酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、辛二 酸、壬二酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、庚二酸、癸二酸、环己-1,2-二羧酸、1,4- 环己二烯-1,2-二羧酸、3-甲基-3,5-环己二烯-1,2-二羧酸以及它们的相应酸酐、酰氯和酸酯例如邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酰氯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯。 也可使用二聚脂肪酸,其为单或多不饱和酸和/或它们的酯的二聚产物。优 选的二聚脂肪酸为C10-C30,更优选C14-C22碳酸的二聚体。适合的二聚 脂肪酸包括油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸和反油酸的二聚产物。也可 使用在天然脂肪和油类(例如葵花油、大豆油、橄榄油、菜籽油、棉籽油 和妥尔油)的水解中获得的不饱和脂肪酸混合物的二聚产物。除二聚脂肪 酸外,二聚反应通常导致不同数量的低聚脂肪酸以及单体脂肪酸残基。基 于二聚脂肪酸原料的总重量,合适的二聚脂肪酸具有大于75重量%的二 聚酸含量。
其它的适合的聚酯多元醇为聚碳酸酯多元醇。聚碳酸酯多元醇可例如 通过二元醇(如丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,6-己二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇或两 种或更多种这些二元醇的混合物)与碳酸二芳酯的反应获得。基于ε-己内 酯的聚酯也适合。聚合物链内含有一种或多种氨基甲酸酯基的聚酯多元醇 也适合。
其它有用的聚酯多元醇包括,例如衍生自油脂化学品 (oleochemicals)的多元醇,以及得自以下的烷基酯多元醇:环氧化甘油 三酯完全开环,接着甘油三酯衍生物部分酯交换从而形成烷基链内具有1- 12个碳原子,所述环氧化甘油三酯得自含至少部分烯烃不饱和脂肪酸的脂 肪混合物和含1个碳原子至12个碳原子的至少一种醇类。
可用于本发明的市售聚酯多元醇的实例包括半结晶或非结晶聚酯。就 本发明而言需理解,术语聚酯多元醇应也包括在聚合物链末端包含氨基或 羧基的聚酯。但优选的此类聚酯为聚酯二元醇。
优选的多元羧酸为包含不超过14个碳原子的脂族和脂环族二羧酸以 及含有不超过14个碳原子的芳香族二羧酸。在更优选的实施方式中,至 少一种聚酯多元醇包含邻苯二甲酸酯。应理解,本文中“包含邻苯二甲酸 酯”中的术语“邻苯二甲酸酯”解读为也包括其衍生物,即,聚酯多元醇是通 过包含选自邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酐,或它们的衍生物或它们的组合 中的至少一种的混合物的反应获得。在甚至更优选的实施方式中,邻苯二 甲酸酯被包含在根据第b)项的聚酯多元醇内。在最优选的实施方式中,邻 苯二甲酸酯被包含在根据第c)项的聚酯多元醇内。
用于合成TPU的合适的单体异氰酸酯,优选选择包含两个或三个 NCO基的异氰酸酯。这些包括公知的脂族、脂环族或芳香族单体二异氰酸 酯。优选的异氰酸酯选自分子量为160g/mol-500g/mol的异氰酸酯,例如 芳香族聚异氰酸酯,如4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、2,2'-二苯甲烷二异 氰酸酯、二苯甲烷2,4'-二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚苯基二 异氰酸酯、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、萘、二和四烷基二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、 4,4'-二苄基二异氰酸酯、及它们的组合。
也可使用脂族异氰酸酯例如十二烷二异氰酸酯、二聚脂肪酸二异氰酸 酯、4,4'-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,6-二异氰酸基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、丁烷-1,4- 二异氰酸酯、己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、四甲氧基丁烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、 二环己甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,12-二异氰酸基十二烷,环状二异氰酸酯例如 4,4-二环己甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-环己烷二异氰酸酯或1,4-环己烷二异氰酸 酯、1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸基-环己烷、1-异氰酸基甲基-3-异氰酸基-1,5,5-三 甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI)、氢化或部分氢化 MDI([H]12MDI(氢化)或[H]6MDI(部分氢化))、二甲苯二异氰酸酯(XDI)、 四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、二-和四亚烷基二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。
具有两个不同反应性的NCO基的优选二异氰酸酯,是选自芳香族、 脂族或脂环族二异氰酸酯的群组的。也可能包括至少部分低聚的二异氰酸 酯,例如脲基甲酸酯、碳二亚胺,来自二异氰酸酯(例如来自HDI、 MDI、IPDI或其它异氰酸酯)的缩二脲缩合物。可使用脂族或芳香族异氰 酸酯的混合物。更优选使用芳香族二异氰酸酯。
在优选的实施方式中,基于TPU的总重量,热熔粘合剂组合物含有 5-40重量%的异氰酸酯。在更优选的实施方式中,异氰酸酯的含量为10- 30重量%,以及在最优选的实施方式中为10-25重量%。
根据本发明的TPU可任选包含增链剂。根据本发明的增链剂是具有具 体唯一定义的分子量,分子量小于250g/mol的短链有机分子,并且为本 领域技术人员所公知。示例性化合物已公开于例如“聚氨酯手册”第448页 附录1中,David Randall和Steve Lee编辑,John Wiley and Sons 2002出 版。示例性化合物为烷二醇,例如1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,12-十二烷 二醇或类似二元醇,其可被烷基、环烷基、苯基或醚基所取代。这些增链 剂不是低聚物或聚合物。在其它优选的实施方式中,TPU基本上不含增链 剂。
TPU可进一步含有聚醚多元醇例如聚(乙二醇)、聚(丙二醇)或聚(丁二 醇)。聚醚多元醇为本领域技术人员所已知,并且示例性化合物已公开于例 如“聚氨酯手册”第6章中,David Randall和Steve Lee编辑,John Wiley and Sons 2002出版。
在进一步优选的实施方式中,TPU基本上不含聚醚多元醇。此外,在 优选的实施方式中,TPU基本上不含聚醚多元醇和增链剂。
制造TPU的方法为本领域所公知,并且可在任何可以受热的反应容器 内进行。在典型方法中,将多元醇成分混合在一起成为熔体,并任选干燥 所形成的组合物,以及任选地施加真空直至含水量低于250ppm。接着将 异氰酸酯加至多元醇混合物,以及使该混合物进行反应。本领域技术人员 已知如何确定完成反应的温度和时间。可在溶剂中制成TPU,但这并不是 优选的,因为在利用TPU作为热熔粘合剂前需要移除溶剂。
TPU的分子量(Mn)优选5,000-40,000g/mol,更优选10,000-30,000 g/mol。
根据本发明的热熔粘合剂应包含至少一种上述TPU。根据本发明的粘 合剂组合物优选包含50-99.9重量%的根据本发明的TPU。组合物更优选 包含60-95重量%的TPU,最优选含有75-90重量%。
其可包含本领域中已知的其它添加剂。术语“添加剂”包括染料、填料 (例如硅酸盐、滑石粉、碳酸钙、粘土或炭黑)、触变剂(例如膨润土、热解 硅酸、尿素衍生物、原纤化或浆料短纤维)、色糊和/或颜料、导电添加剂 (如导电碳黑或过氯酸锂)、增塑剂、增粘剂、不同于根据本发明的TPU的 其它热塑性聚合物、稳定剂、助粘剂、流变添加剂、蜡及它们的任何组 合。
基于组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1- 50重量%的添加剂。在更优选的实施方式中,包含5-40重量%,最优选 10-25重量%的添加剂。
根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物可包含增粘剂,例如衍生自枞酸的树 脂、枞酸酯、其它松香酯,聚萜烯树脂、萜烯/酚醛树脂、苯乙烯化萜烯、 聚-α-甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯-酚醛或脂肪族、芳香族或芳香/脂肪族烃 树脂或香豆酮/茚树脂,或衍自低分子量聚酰胺的树脂。这些增粘树脂可任 选含有OH基以改善其不同成分的兼容性。
基于组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1- 50重量%的至少一种增粘剂。在更优选的实施方式中,包含5-40重量 %,最优选10-25重量%的至少一种增粘剂。
根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物可包含不同于根据本发明的TPU的其 它热塑性聚合物。这些包括,但不局限于EVA、橡胶型聚合物、苯乙烯共 聚物、聚酯共聚物、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸类树脂(acrylics)以及热塑 性聚氨酯。
基于组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1- 50重量%的至少一种不同于根据本发明的TPU的其它热塑性聚合物。在 更优选的实施方式中,包含5-40重量%,最优选10-25重量%的所述其它 热塑性聚合物。
基于组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1- 50重量%的至少一种填料。在更优选的实施方式中,包含5-40重量%, 最优选10-25重量%的至少一种填料。
根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物可包含增塑剂,前提为这些增塑剂不 会干扰粘合剂的热熔性能--例如邻苯二甲酸酯、苯甲酸酯、蔗糖酯和磺酰 胺。通过实例可被提及的有液态邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂,基于芳香酯的增塑 剂,举例如苯甲酸的酯,以及固态增塑剂例如邻苯二甲酸二环己酯、环已 烷二甲醇二苯甲酸酯等。也合适使用其它增塑剂例如蔗糖醋酸异丁酸酯、 邻-/对-甲苯磺酰胺或N-乙基-邻-甲苯磺酰胺。
基于组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1- 50重量%的增塑剂。在更优选的实施方式中,包含5-40重量%,最优选 10-25重量%。
作为稳定剂,可使用不同组分,例如抗氧化剂、紫外线稳定剂、水解 稳定剂。这些成分的实例为高分子量的立体受阻酚、含硫和含磷酚或胺。 它们包括立体受阻酚类、多官能团酚类、硫醚、经取代苯并三唑、受阻二 苯甲酮和/或立体受阻胺。水解稳定剂的实例包括低聚和/或聚合脂族或芳 香族碳二亚胺。此类成分可商购获得以及为本领域技术人员所已知。
基于组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1- 10重量%的稳定剂。在更优选的实施方式中,包含0.2-5重量%,最优选 0.5-3重量%的稳定剂。
作为助粘剂,优选使用单体、低聚或聚合形式的有机官能硅烷。基于 组合物的总重量,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物优选包含0.1-10重量% 的助粘剂。在更优选的实施方式中,包含0.2-5重量%,最优选0.5-3重 量%的助粘剂。
可通过本领域公知的方法制造粘合剂组合物。制造根据本发明的TPU 之后,将其与不同成分和添加剂混合。这可于任何已知装置中进行,例如 批式反应器、挤出机、混合机、捏合机或类似机器。在与异氰酸酯反应之 前,也可将一些成分加入聚酯多元醇,但条件为添加剂的官能性材料不干 扰多元醇和异氰酸酯间的反应。
根据本发明的粘合剂是热塑性非反应性热熔粘合剂。以过量的多元醇 成分制成此组合物,TPU基本上无未反应的和单体的异氰酸酯。因而可减 少使用有害粘合剂的危险。当冷却时,粘合层将形成内聚力和粘合力。由 于不需化学交联以形成完全的粘合,因此可改善与此热熔粘合剂粘合的产 品的加工容易度。
根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物可以任何用于一般TPU的已知方法施 用至基板。
此外,根据本发明的热熔粘合剂组合物可依照包含下列步骤的方法 施用至基板:
1)在没有搅拌或剪切的情况下,使所述热熔粘合剂组合物在被加热 的容器中熔融;
2)经由齿轮或活塞泵,将步骤1)的熔融的热熔粘合剂组合物泵送通 过被加热的软管;和
3)经由喷嘴、辊或喷头,将所述热熔粘合剂组合物施用到基板上。
步骤1)中的熔融温度优选低于160℃,更优选低于150℃。
本发明的粘合剂可用于一般施用热熔粘合剂的全部领域。由于本发明 粘合剂的性能,其特别可用于装订、木材粘合、平坦层合、软质包装、缠 绕包装、封边、织物层合、低压模塑和鞋类中。
实施例部分
本发明运用下列的测量方法。
TPU的制备
将聚酯多元醇和Irganox 1010称重放入玻璃烧瓶内,然后在机械搅拌 下加热至120℃。密封烧瓶,然后经由真空泵施予1小时的真空(压力2-5 毫巴)以移除水分。加入MDI片,允许其于130℃与羟基反应。接着以红 外线光谱观察反应直至于2200cm-1的NCO吸收光谱消失为止。
熔点和Tg
利用能测量至±0.01mg的微量天平以及Mettler Toledo TA仪器 Q100/Q1000示差扫描热析仪(DSC)测定熔点和Tg。利用铟标准液校准 DSC。将10-15mg样本称重放入铝DSC盘内,然后将盖子牢牢地固定。 使用前将DSC腔室内的温度设定在40℃。将样本盘和对照盘(空白)置入 DSC槽腔室内。以每分钟15℃的冷却速度将温度降低至-50℃。将温度维 持在-50℃,然后以每分钟5℃的加热速度升高至150℃。从热流中的拐点 获得其Tg,但是从热流中的峰值获得Tm。
分子量测量
在相同色谱分析条件下,通过凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)分析各个化合物/ 组合物的分子量和摩尔质量分布。将受测样本溶解于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, 并且将各个制备样本溶液通过0.20μm针式过滤器过滤入分析样本瓶内。 通过利用以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/LiCl为洗脱液以及于80℃测定的折射率的 Styragel管柱的GPC分离技术的液相色谱法分析制备样本溶液。用于测定 受测物质的数均分子量(Mn)和重均分子量(Mw),是基于以聚苯乙烯标准液所进行的外部校准。
熔融粘度
利用具有型号106温度控制器和Thermosel装置、以粘度标准油校准 的型号RVDV-1+布氏粘度计测定熔融粘度。将10-12克粘合剂称重放入一 次性铝粘度计管内。将管插入粘度计内,然后于160℃平衡30分钟。将预 热的27号转子插入粘合剂,以及于160℃容许其转动30分钟;根据所测 得的粘度范围改变其转动速度。然后测定其于160℃的初始粘度V1。
热稳定性
样本于160℃(±1℃)的恒温于粘度计内保持6小时。然后测定于160℃ 的粘度V2,以及依照下式计算其于6小时期间的粘度变化:
变化%=[(V2-V1])/V1]x 100
开放时间
预加热粘合剂至160℃,以及利用预加热金属涂料块将150μm厚的膜 施用至中密度纤维板(MDF)。时间设定于t=0。在5-10秒之间隔时间,以 指压于纸张表面的方式将一纸条贴近粘合剂而使其接触粘合剂。数分钟之 后,移开纸条。开放时间极限发生于由于缺乏由粘合剂充分弄潮纸张而并 未造成纸张的撕裂时。
粘着力
在160℃的烘箱内将TPU加热30分钟,然后以金属涂料块(25mm宽 x 0.25mm厚)制成薄膜。薄膜然后于室温下放置三天。于三天之后,将胶 条(长度10cm)放置于两张相同尺寸的纸条之间。于180℃将木板预热2分 钟,然后将样本放置于180℃的烘箱内放置的木板上1分钟。然后从烘箱 内移除木板和样本,以及将2公斤的辊施加于样本上。样本于室温下静置 三天,然后撕离两片纸使其暴露出胶条。若胶条完全被其余纸张所覆盖(三 次测量的平均值)时,可获得100%的粘着力。纸料为130gsm交错纹理、 被涂覆和印刷的。
半结晶聚酯A1、己二醇和己二酸的共聚物,Mn=4065克/摩尔, Tm=55℃
半结晶聚酯A2、二甘醇和十四烷酸的共聚物,Mn=3740克/摩尔, Tm=90℃
半结晶聚酯A3、己二醇、己二酸和对苯二甲酸的共聚物,Mn=3815 克/摩尔,Tm=110℃
非结晶聚酯B1,二甘醇、己二酸和间苯二甲酸的共聚物,Mn=1910克 /摩尔,Tg=-25℃
非结晶聚酯B2,乙二醇、新戊二醇、癸二酸和间苯二甲酸的共聚 物,Mn=1875克/摩尔,Tg=-25℃
非结晶聚酯B3,二甘醇和邻苯二甲酸酐的共聚物,Mn=568克/摩尔
1,4-丁二醇
1,12-十二烷二醇
4,4'MDI
1010(抗氧化剂)
在此实例中,%是涉及基于总组合物的重量%。
TPU C1(比较)、D12C75,Lubrizol
TPU C2(比较)、AH-780L,Taiwan Sheen Soon
Claims (14)
1.包含热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的热熔粘合剂组合物,
其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物包含至少一种聚酯多元醇与至少一种聚异氰酸酯的反应产物;
其中所述聚异氰酸酯的NCO基与所述聚酯多元醇的OH基的摩尔比小于0.95:1;
其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物在160℃的粘度为1,000-100,000mPas;
其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物是热稳定的;
其中所述热稳定性的定义为,与所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的初始粘度相比,在160℃和6小时后的粘度变化小于±10%;以及
其中所述至少一种聚酯多元醇包含:
a)至少一种半结晶聚酯多元醇,其具有40-150℃的熔点Tm;和
b)至少一种非结晶聚酯多元醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中
所述至少一种非结晶聚酯多元醇b)包含:
c)数均分子量Mn小于750g/mol的非结晶聚酯多元醇;和
d)数均分子量Mn为至少750g/mol的非结晶聚酯多元醇。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中
所述至少一种聚酯多元醇包含邻苯二甲酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的数均分子量Mn为5,000-40,000g/mol。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的总重量,所述组合物含有5-50重量%的化合物a)。
6.根据权利要求2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的总重量,所述组合物含有5-50重量%的化合物c)。
7.根据权利要求2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的总重量,所述组合物含有10-60重量%的化合物d)。
8.根据权利要求2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物的总重量,所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物包含:
10-30重量%的化合物a);
10-40重量%的化合物c);
10-40重量%的化合物d);和
10-25重量%的所述至少一种聚异氰酸酯。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热熔粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述热熔粘合剂组合物包含50-99.9重量%的所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热熔粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述热熔粘合剂组合物包含0.1-50重量%的添加剂。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热熔粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述热熔粘合剂组合物包含0.1-50重量%的至少一种选自增粘剂、填料、增塑剂和另外的热塑性聚合物的化合物或它们的组合,所述另外的热塑性聚合物不同于所述热塑性聚氨酯共聚物。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的热熔粘合剂组合物,其中基于所述热熔粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述热熔粘合剂组合物包含0.1-10重量%的至少一种选自稳定剂和助粘剂的化合物或它们的组合。
13.向基板施用根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的热熔粘合剂组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)在没有搅拌或剪切的情况下,使所述热熔粘合剂组合物在被加热的容器中熔融;
2)经由齿轮或活塞泵,将步骤1)的熔融的热熔粘合剂组合物泵送通过被加热的软管;和
3)经由喷嘴、辊或喷头,将所述热熔粘合剂组合物施用到基板上。
14.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的热熔粘合剂组合物在装订、木材粘合、平坦层合、软质包装、缠绕包装、封边、织物层合、低压模塑和鞋类中的用途。
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2015
- 2015-05-05 JP JP2017512108A patent/JP6582041B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-05-05 RU RU2016149392A patent/RU2686933C2/ru active
- 2015-05-05 KR KR1020167035179A patent/KR20170012327A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2015-05-05 WO PCT/EP2015/059828 patent/WO2015173072A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-05-05 CN CN201580025426.5A patent/CN106459360B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-05-08 TW TW104114656A patent/TWI676652B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2016
- 2016-11-14 US US15/350,373 patent/US20170058163A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2017520670A (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
WO2015173072A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
TWI676652B (zh) | 2019-11-11 |
EP2944661A1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
ES2755097T3 (es) | 2020-04-21 |
US20170058163A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
KR20170012327A (ko) | 2017-02-02 |
RU2686933C2 (ru) | 2019-05-06 |
RU2016149392A3 (zh) | 2018-12-10 |
TW201546175A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
CN106459360A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP2944661B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
RU2016149392A (ru) | 2018-06-20 |
JP6582041B2 (ja) | 2019-09-25 |
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