CN106459086A - 用于制备青霉烷的方法 - Google Patents
用于制备青霉烷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106459086A CN106459086A CN201580024639.6A CN201580024639A CN106459086A CN 106459086 A CN106459086 A CN 106459086A CN 201580024639 A CN201580024639 A CN 201580024639A CN 106459086 A CN106459086 A CN 106459086A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- WSHJJCPTKWSMRR-RXMQYKEDSA-N penam Chemical compound S1CCN2C(=O)C[C@H]21 WSHJJCPTKWSMRR-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 1-5Thiazolinyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminyl Chemical compound [NH2] MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003782 beta lactam antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002132 β-lactam antibiotic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940124586 β-lactam antibiotics Drugs 0.000 description 5
- AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N aztreonam Chemical compound O=C1N(S([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)\C1=CSC([NH3+])=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960003644 aztreonam Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003781 beta lactamase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940126813 beta-lactamase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Antibiotic SQ 26917 Natural products O=C1N(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)C1NC(=O)C(=NOC(C)(C)C(O)=O)C1=CSC(N)=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- LPQZKKCYTLCDGQ-WEDXCCLWSA-N tazobactam Chemical compound C([C@]1(C)S([C@H]2N(C(C2)=O)[C@H]1C(O)=O)(=O)=O)N1C=CN=N1 LPQZKKCYTLCDGQ-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C3N2C(C)COC3=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 0 C[C@](CN1N=*CC(*)=C1C)([C@](C=O)N([C@@]1C2(*)I*)C2=O)S1(=O)=O Chemical compound C[C@](CN1N=*CC(*)=C1C)([C@](C=O)N([C@@]1C2(*)I*)C2=O)S1(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNWUOVJNSFPWDD-XMZRARIVSA-M Cefoxitin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].N([C@]1(OC)C(N2C(=C(COC(N)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C([O-])=O)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC=CS1 GNWUOVJNSFPWDD-XMZRARIVSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940024554 amdinocillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126575 aminoglycoside Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001139 cefazolin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MLYYVTUWGNIJIB-BXKDBHETSA-N cefazolin Chemical compound S1C(C)=NN=C1SCC1=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN3N=NN=C3)[C@H]2SC1 MLYYVTUWGNIJIB-BXKDBHETSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002100 cefepime Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HVFLCNVBZFFHBT-ZKDACBOMSA-N cefepime Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C([O-])=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1C[N+]1(C)CCCC1 HVFLCNVBZFFHBT-ZKDACBOMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002682 cefoxitin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004755 ceftriaxone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N ceftriaxone Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C(=O)NN1C VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001668 cefuroxime Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JFPVXVDWJQMJEE-IZRZKJBUSA-N cefuroxime Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=C(COC(N)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)\C(=N/OC)C1=CC=CO1 JFPVXVDWJQMJEE-IZRZKJBUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940106164 cephalexin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZAIPMKNFIOOWCQ-UEKVPHQBSA-N cephalexin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C)C(O)=O)=CC=CC=C1 ZAIPMKNFIOOWCQ-UEKVPHQBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWWVAEOLVKTZFQ-ISVUSNJMSA-N chembl530 Chemical compound N(/[C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=C\N1CCCCCC1 BWWVAEOLVKTZFQ-ISVUSNJMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003326 cloxacillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LQOLIRLGBULYKD-JKIFEVAISA-N cloxacillin Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl LQOLIRLGBULYKD-JKIFEVAISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005828 desilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002260 meropenem Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DMJNNHOOLUXYBV-PQTSNVLCSA-N meropenem Chemical compound C=1([C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)S[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(=O)N(C)C)C1 DMJNNHOOLUXYBV-PQTSNVLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl trifluoromethansulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012022 methylating agents Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LWFWUJCJKPUZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-trimethylsilylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C LWFWUJCJKPUZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001699 ofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940126085 β‑Lactamase Inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N (4e)-4-(ethoxymethylidene)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=C/OCC)\N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWKJNRNSJKEFMK-PQFQYKRASA-N (6r,7r)-7-[[(2z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=C(C[N+]=3C=4CCCCC=4C=CC=3)CS[C@@H]21)C([O-])=O)=O)C(=O)\C(=N/OC)C1=CSC(N)=N1 YWKJNRNSJKEFMK-PQFQYKRASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUBOMFCQGDBHNK-JTQLQIEISA-N (S)-gatifloxacin Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=CN2C3CC3)=O)=C2C(OC)=C1N1CCN[C@@H](C)C1 XUBOMFCQGDBHNK-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DVLFYONBTKHTER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCN1CCOCC1 DVLFYONBTKHTER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGGAKXAHAYOLDJ-FHZUQPTBSA-N 6alpha-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)C=1[C@H]1CCCO1 HGGAKXAHAYOLDJ-FHZUQPTBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700042778 Antimicrobial Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044503 Antimicrobial Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Baytril Chemical compound C1CN(CC)CCN1C(C(=C1)F)=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN2C1CC1 SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQLLWWBDSUHNEB-CZUORRHYSA-N Cefaprin Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)COC(=O)C)C(O)=O)C(=O)CSC1=CC=NC=C1 UQLLWWBDSUHNEB-CZUORRHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYQDKDWGWDOFFU-IUODEOHRSA-N Cefotiam Chemical compound CN(C)CCN1N=NN=C1SCC1=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CC=3N=C(N)SC=3)[C@H]2SC1 QYQDKDWGWDOFFU-IUODEOHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010078777 Colistin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028735 Dachshund homolog 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical class NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000204 Dipeptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JWCSIUVGFCSJCK-CAVRMKNVSA-N Disodium Moxalactam Chemical compound N([C@]1(OC)C(N2C(=C(CSC=3N(N=NN=3)C)CO[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JWCSIUVGFCSJCK-CAVRMKNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101000915055 Homo sapiens Dachshund homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N Invanz Chemical compound O=C([C@H]1NC[C@H](C1)SC=1[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010034133 Pathogen resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- ZBGPYVZLYBDXKO-HILBYHGXSA-N netilmycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@@H]1[C@]([C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)CO1)(C)O)NCC)[C@H]1OC(CN)=CC[C@H]1N ZBGPYVZLYBDXKO-HILBYHGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WCMIIGXFCMNQDS-IDYPWDAWSA-M piperacillin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(=O)N(CC)CCN1C(=O)N[C@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C([O-])=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 WCMIIGXFCMNQDS-IDYPWDAWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E1 Natural products CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNIWPHSUTGNZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E2 Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O KNIWPHSUTGNZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000268 spectinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UNFWWIHTNXNPBV-WXKVUWSESA-N spectinomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O1)O)NC)[C@]2(O)[C@H]1O[C@H](C)CC2=O UNFWWIHTNXNPBV-WXKVUWSESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BVCKFLJARNKCSS-DWPRYXJFSA-N temocillin Chemical compound N([C@]1(OC)C(N2[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C(C(O)=O)C=1C=CSC=1 BVCKFLJARNKCSS-DWPRYXJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004659 ticarcillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OHKOGUYZJXTSFX-KZFFXBSXSA-N ticarcillin Chemical compound C=1([C@@H](C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C=CSC=1 OHKOGUYZJXTSFX-KZFFXBSXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1896—Compounds having one or more Si-O-acyl linkages
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- C07D499/87—Compounds being unsubstituted in position 3 or with substituents other than only two methyl radicals attached in position 3, and with a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2
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- A61K31/43—Compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula, e.g. penicillins, penems
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Abstract
一种形成式(IIIa)的化合物的方法,其中:每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1‑5烷基、C1‑5烯基和C1‑5炔基;每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1‑5烷基、C1‑5烯基和C1‑5炔基;R4是C1‑5烷基;以及R6是C1‑5氟烷基;并且PG是保护基,所述方法包括使式(IIa)的化合物与式(VIII)的化合物反应的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及形成甲基青霉烷衍生物的方法,特别地是形成适于与作为β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的β-内酰胺抗生素一起使用的甲基青霉烷衍生物的方法。
背景技术
抗性的出现和传播是在运动中引入抗生素的进化动态集的不可避免的结果,与结构类或作用方式无关(Shapiro S.2013.Speculative strategies for newantibacterials:all roads should not lead to Rome.J.Antibiot.66:371-386)。临床相关病原体之间的抗性传播对β-内酰胺抗生素的价值具有特别强的影响,β-内酰胺抗生素迄今为止被认为是用于严重细菌感染的非常安全且有效的疗法。新的侵蚀性β的内酰胺酶(特别是超广谱β别内酰胺酶(ESBL)和其它A类酶)的出现已经损害了β经内酰胺抵抗感染的能力,突出了开发新产品的需求(Fisher JF,Meroueh SO,Mobashery S.2005.Bacterialresistance toβ-lactam antibiotics:compelling opportunism,compellingopportunity.Chem.Rev.105:395-424)。虽然已经与一些β-内酰胺组合使用保护β-内酰胺抗生素不受水解作用影响的几种β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,但是这些β-内酰胺酶抑制剂保存β-内酰胺的抗菌活性的能力在过去十年中已经严重被侵蚀,需要寻找新的、更有效的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,以恢复它们的β酰内酰胺伴侣的治疗效用(Watkins RR,Papp-Wallace KM,DrawzSM,Bonomo RA.2013.Novelβ-lactamase inhibitors:a therapeutic hope against thescourge of multidrug resistance.Front.Microbiol.4:392)。
WO 2008/010048公开了具有下式的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂:
WO 2008/010048中公开的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂包括化合物(2S,3S,5R)-3-甲基-3-((3-甲基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-3-鎓-1-基)甲基)-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸根4,4-二氧化物(式A):
R基团是由取代反应形成的,例如在式(A)的情况下,通过与甲基碘反应。
WO 2008/010048公开了通过过滤和冻干形成分离的无定形化合物。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的用于制造2-甲基青霉烷衍生物的方法。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种用于制造2-甲基青霉烷衍生物的方法,其适合于工业规模制造。
发明内容
在第一方面,本发明提供一种形成式(IIIa)的化合物的方法:
其中:
每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;
每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;
R4是C1-5烷基;且
R6是C1-5氟烷基;且
PG是保护基(保护基团,protecting group),
所述方法包括使式(IIa)的化合物与式(VIII)的化合物反应的步骤:
在第二方面,本发明提供一种形成式(IV)的化合物的方法:
其中,每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;并且R4是C1-5烷基;
所述方法包括使式(III)的化合物与2-乙基己酸盐反应的步骤:
其中,X-是阴离子并且每个R3独立地选自由C1-10烃基和C1-5烷氧基组成的组。
在式(IIIa)的PG是式SiR3 3的基团的情况下,本发明第二方面中反应的式(III)的化合物可以由第一方面中描述的方法形成。
在第三方面,本发明提供一种形成式(II)的化合物的方法:
其中,每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;并且每次出现的R3独立地选自由下述组成的组:C1-5烷氧基和C1-10烃基,可选地为C1-5烷氧基、C1-5烷基、苯基和苯基-C1-4烷基;
所述方法包括使式(I)的化合物与少于一摩尔当量的式(V)的化合物反应的步骤
其中,R5是C1-5烷基。
在式(IIa)的PG是式SiR3 3的基团的情况下,由第三方面的方法形成的式(II)的化合物可以被用在第一方面的反应中。
附图说明
现在将参照附图更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1是由根据本发明的实施方式的方法制备的结晶化合物的XRPD光谱;
图2是由根据本发明的实施方式的方法制备的结晶化合物的拉曼光谱;和
图3是由根据本发明的实施方式的方法制备的结晶化合物的扫描电子显微镜图像;和
图4是(2S,3S,5R)-3-甲基-3-((3-甲基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-3-鎓-1-基)甲基)-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸根4,4-二氧化物和N,O-双三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺之间的反应的产物的LCMS图谱。
具体实施方式
方案1中示出了一种用于制备式(IV)的化合物的方法。
方案1
其中:
每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;
每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;
每次出现的R3独立地选自C1-10烃基和C1-5烷氧基,可选地为C1-5烷基、C1-5烷氧基、苯基和苯基-C1-4烷基;
R4是C1-5烷基;且
X是阴离子。
优选地,各个R1是H。
优选地,各个R2是H。
优选地,R4是甲基。
现在将更详细地描述步骤(i)-(iii)的每一个。
步骤(i):甲硅烷基化
式(I)的化合物的羧基是在步骤(i)中甲硅烷基化的。优选地,使用式(V)的酰胺进行甲硅烷基化:
其中,每次出现的R3独立地选自C1-10烃基或C1-5烷氧基,可选地为C1-5烷基、C1-5烷氧基、苯基和苯基-C1-4烷基,且R5选自C1-5烷基。
优选地,各个R3是甲基。优选地,各个R5是甲基。
优选的式(V)的化合物是N,O-双三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺。
反应可以在极性非质子溶剂,可选地为氯化溶剂如二氯甲烷中进行。
式(I)的化合物可以与至少一摩尔当量的式(V)的化合物、可选地一摩尔过量的式(V)化合物反应。
然而,本发明人已经令人惊讶地发现,式(V)化合物的两个甲硅烷基均可以被用在式(I)的化合物的甲硅烷基化中。
因此,在优选的实施方式中,使式(I)的化合物与少于一摩尔当量的式(V)化合物反应,可选地不超过0.9摩尔当量,可选地不超过0.8、0.7或0.6摩尔当量。
式(V)的化合物可以在单次添加中被添加到反应混合物中或者可以两批次或更多批次加入。
步骤(ii):烷基化
步骤(ii)的烷基化可以是C1-5烷基化,优选甲基化。
可以使用任何适合的烷基化基团、优选式(VI)的化合物进行烷基化:
R4-X
(VI)
其中,R4是C1-5烷基且X是离去基团。
优选地,R4是甲基。
可选地,X选自由氯根(chloride)、溴根、碘根和磺酸酯基(sulfonate)组成的组。
示例性的磺酸酯基是式(VII)的基团:
其中,R6选自芳基、可选地苯基(其可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个取代基取代)、和C1-5烷基,其中C1-5烷基的一个或多个H原子可以被F取代,并且*表示至R1的键。示例性的式(VII)的基团包括三氟甲烷磺酸酯基(三氟甲磺酸酯基)和对甲苯磺酸酯基(甲苯磺酸酯基)。
优选地,其中R6是C1-5烷基,其中C1-5烷基的一个或多个H原子被F取代。更优选地,R6是三氟甲基。
反应可以在高达反应混合物在大气压下沸点的任何温度下进行。令人惊讶地,本发明人已经发现,氟化烷基R6的使用可以允许烷基化步骤在低温下进行,可选地在低于20℃的温度下进行,可选地低于10℃,可选地在约0℃。本发明人还已发现,氟化烷基R6的使用与卤素基团R6的使用相比,允许显著更快的反应。
通过使用氟化烷基R6的低温反应的使用,可以减少或消除挥发性烷基化剂(例如甲基碘)的蒸发。
优选地,在步骤(i)中形成的甲硅烷基化的化合物在烷基化步骤之前未经分离。方案1的化合物(II)和(III)携带了保护这些化合物的羧基的甲硅烷基保护基,然而,应当理解的是,用于反应步骤(ii)的保护基可以是另一种保护基PG。本领域技术人员了解在步骤(ii)的烷基化过程中适于保护式(II)化合物的羧基的其它保护基。示例性的保护基PG除了式SiR3 3的基团之外,还包括烯丙基,其在烷基化之后可以使用金属2-乙基己酸盐(2-乙基己酸金属盐,metal 2-ethylhexanoate)和Pd(0)来移除;可以通过氢解移除的基团,例如苄基、二苯甲基和对硝基苄基;和可以使用碱移除的基团,例如芴基甲基。用于保护羧基的其它保护基描述于Theodora W.Greene and Peter G.M.Wuts,“Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis”,Second Edition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.中,其内容通过引用并入本文。
步骤(iii):脱保护
本发明人已经发现,式(III)化合物的甲硅烷基可以通过使用2-乙基己酸盐处理来移除,从而产生固体产物,并且使用2-乙基己酸盐处理可以产生式(IV)化合物的晶体。这是令人惊讶的,因为本发明人已经发现,使用甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇或者碱氢氧化钠或乙酸钠处理产生非固体产物,如油、胶或凝胶,它们不能容易地被转化为固体形式。
示例性的2-乙基己酸盐是金属2-乙基己酸盐。适合的金属包括碱金属和碱土金属,例如锂、钠、钾、钙和镁。
优选地,式(III)的化合物在脱甲硅烷基化步骤之前不分离。
式(III)的化合物可以被添加到金属2-乙基己酸盐的溶液中,以生产式(IV)化合物的晶体。用于溶液的示例性的溶剂是醇,优选乙醇。
结晶
式(IV)的化合物可以是无定形或结晶。与无定形化合物相比,式(IV)的结晶化合物处理起来可以更容易并且更稳定。
形成式(IV)的结晶化合物的方法包括但不限于:将式(IV)的无定形化合物溶解或分散于溶剂或溶剂混合物中,并且通过向溶液或分散液中添加一种或多种反溶剂来诱导晶体形成;冷却溶液或分散液;和/或添加式(IV)化合物的晶体以提供用于结晶的成核点。本文中使用的术语“反溶剂”是指一种液体,与添加反溶剂的溶液或分散液的溶剂相比,式(IV)的化合物在该液体中的溶解度更低。
GB 1319776.9中描述了结晶的方法,其内容通过引用并入本文。
应用
式(IV)的化合物可以用在具有一种或多种抗生素的药物组合物中,并且可以包含一种或多种常规的药学上可接受的赋形剂。
式(IV)的化合物可以以具有抗生素的组合物的形式给予,或者抗生素和式(IV)的化合物可以被单独地给予。
本文所述的药物组合物可以为用于静脉内注射的可注射形式。组合物可以含有稳定剂。组合物可以是即用于重构以形成可注射溶液(例如生理盐水溶液)的适合无菌固体形式。
示例性的抗生素是β-内酰胺抗生素,特别是青霉素和头孢菌素,并且可以选自阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、阿帕西林、阿洛西林、巴卡西林、羧苄青霉素、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、来那西林、美西林、美沙西林、美洛西林、萘夫西林、苯唑西林、青霉素G、青霉素V、哌拉西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、氨曲南(Aztreonam)、BAL30072、卡芦莫南、PTX2416、替吉莫南、氯头孢菌素、头孢羟氨苄、头孢氨苄、头孢唑啉、头孢孟多、头孢匹林、头孢唑啉、头孢拉宗、头孢地尼、头孢吡肟、头孢他美、头孢克肟、头孢甲肟、头孢美唑、Cefrninox、头孢尼西、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、头孢替坦、头孢替安、头孢噻呋、头孢呋辛、头孢西丁、头孢泊肟、头孢丙烯、头孢喹肟、头孢拉定、头孢米诺、头孢磺啶、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢替唑、头孢布烯、头孢唑肟、头孢匹罗、Ceftolozane、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢唑仑、头孢氨苄、头孢噻吩、氟氧头孢、拉氢头孢、劳拉头孢、亚胺培南、米诺配能、多尼培南、厄他培南、比帕培南、帕尼培南、法罗培南或它们的衍生物。
抗生素可以选自氨基糖苷:阿米卡星、阿贝卡星、安普霉素、迪巴卡星、庆大霉素、伊沙匹林、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、普拉唑星、西索玛星、壮观霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素或它们的衍生物。
抗生素可以选自喹诺酮:西诺沙星、环丙沙星、恩氟沙星、加替沙星、吉米沙星、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、萘啶酸、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星或它们的衍生物。
抗生素可以选自抗微生物肽,例如粘菌素、多粘菌素B或它们的衍生物。
本文所述的药物组合物可以仅包含一种抗生素或包含多于一种抗生素。
含有式(I)的结晶化合物的药物组合物可以含有或者可以与杀菌或渗透性增加g蛋白产品(BPI)或外排泵抑制剂共同给药,以提高对革兰氏阴性细菌和耐抗微生物剂的细菌的活性。抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗真菌剂也可以与抑制剂化合物组合给药。
药物组合物可以含有络合剂或抗凝剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、氨基糖苷、药学上可接受的盐等或它们的混合物。
特别地,药物组合物可以含有β-内酰胺抗生素,优选青霉素、头孢菌素、碳青霉烯、单环内酰胺,更优选哌拉西林、头孢吡肟;头孢曲松;美罗培南、氨曲南。
药物组合物可以含有缓冲剂,例如柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠、酒石酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、吗啉代丙磺酸、其它磷酸盐缓冲剂等,和螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸、羟基乙二胺三乙酸、次氨基三乙酸、1,2-二氨基环己烷四乙酸、双(2-氨基乙基)乙二醇四乙酸、1,6-六亚甲基二胺四乙酸等或它们的药学上可接受的盐。
本文所述的药物组合物可以通过任何合适的方法并且优选地通过静脉注射给药给人类或温血动物。
实施例
(2S,3S,5R)-3-甲基-3-((3-甲基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-3-鎓-1-基)甲基)-7-氧代-4-
硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸根4,4-二氧化物(4)的合成
根据方案2制备化合物(4)。
方案2
i):N,O-双-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺,CH2Cl2;ii)CH3OTf;iii)Na 2-乙基己酸盐
在氮气流下,向圆底烧瓶中装入100g他唑巴坦酸(1)和500mL二氯甲烷。将温度调节至+30/35℃,然后在15-20分钟内维持温度至+35/42℃条件下加入37g N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺。将混合物加热回流(+40/42℃)60分钟。如果溶液不澄清,装入小部分(每次0.5-1.0g)的N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺,每次等待15分钟,直至获得含有中间体(2)的澄清溶液。使用0.55摩尔N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺,如果反应不完全,进一步加入0.1-0.2当量。
然后,将温度冷却至0/+5℃并且在60-90分钟内维持温度在0/+5℃的条件下装入70g三氟甲烷磺酸甲酯。30分钟后,通过HPLC监控反应以控制中间体(2)的消失以及中间体(3)的形成。每30分钟监控一次反应直到完成。
在氮气下,在圆底烧瓶中装入500mL乙醇和55g 2-乙基己酸钠,并且将温度调节至+20/25℃,然后在60-90分钟内维持温度为+20/25℃的条件下,在剧烈搅拌下加入含有中间体(3)的反应溶液。将悬浮液搅拌30分钟,然后过滤并且在氮气下使用300mL乙醇洗涤,随后使用500mL二氯甲烷洗涤。在氮气流下干燥粗产物(4),直到获得恒重(150g)。作为固体产物分离粗产物化合物(4)(HPLC测定=70%,产率=80%)。
(2S,3S,5R)-3-甲基-3-((3-甲基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-3-鎓-1-基)甲基)-7-氧代-4-
硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸根4,4-二氧化物(4)的纯化
在圆底烧瓶中,装入800mL二甲基甲酰胺,将温度调节至+20/25℃,然后装入以上获得的粗化合物4(150g),使用100mL二甲基甲酰胺以促进转移。将混合物搅拌5分钟并且获得溶液,在几分钟之后,发生结晶。将悬浮液搅拌约3小时,然后冷却至0/+5℃并且再搅拌3小时。
过滤出固体并且使用300mL预冷却至0/+5℃的二甲基甲酰胺洗涤。然后,将化合物4悬浮于700mL乙酸乙酯中,并且将温度调节至+40/45℃。将悬浮液搅拌30分钟,然后过滤出固体并且使用150mL预热至+40/45℃的乙酸乙酯洗涤。重复两次具有乙酸乙酯的悬浮液。最后,在+40℃在真空下干燥化合物4直至达到恒重(66g,HPLC测定=99%,产率=76%)。
化合物4无菌过滤和重结晶步骤
在圆底烧瓶中,装入350mL甲醇,将温度调节至+30/35℃,然后装入100g化合物4,最后使用60mL甲醇洗涤烧瓶。5-10分钟之后,获得溶液。使用330mL丙酮稀释溶液,将温度调节至+20/+25℃。使用2.2g活性炭将所获得的溶液处理20分钟,然后使用0.22微米过滤器(microM filter)过滤,并且使用13mL甲醇和110mL丙酮的混合物洗涤过滤器。将溶液的温度调节至+30/35℃并且在剧烈搅拌下在约15-20分钟内装入830mL丙酮。在+30/35℃的温度下搅拌60分钟之后,在45-60分钟内装入1170mL丙酮。然后,在约30-60分钟内将温度调节到+20/25℃并且维持30分钟。过滤出所获得的结晶固体,并且使用430mL丙酮洗涤。最后,在+40℃在真空下干燥产物直至达到恒重(获得83g化合物4),HPLC测定=98-99%,产率=t80%)。
图1是在Rigaku MiniFlex 600上使用下列条件以传输模式采集的结晶化合物(4)的XRPD光谱:
图2是在Jasco RFT-600:光源:Nd-YAG(1064nm:激发波长)上运行的结晶化合物(4)的拉曼光谱。
图3是使用JEOL JSM 5500LV扫描电子显微镜以背散射电子技术在30kV、低真空(30Pa)中操作获得的结晶化合物(4)的扫描电子显微镜图像。
比较例1
使用不同摩尔比的甲硅烷基化剂N,O-双三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺(BSA)进行方案2的甲硅烷基化步骤(i)。
如WO 2008/010048中所公开的,使用1.2当量BSA在20-25C下进行甲硅烷基化,导致形成不明的副产物,其在图4中所示的LC-MS中可观察到。
参见表1,通过使用低摩尔当量的BSA可以大幅减少这种杂质的量。
表1
比较例2
使用如WO 2008/010048所公开的碘代甲烷以及甲苯磺酸甲酯进行方案2的甲基化步骤(ii)。参见表2,与甲苯磺酸甲酯或碘代甲烷相比,使用三氟甲磺酸甲酯的反应更快,提供更高的产率,可以在更低的温度下进行并且需要更少量的甲基化剂。另外,在相对低的温度下使用三氟甲磺酸甲酯,避免了由在相对高的温度下使用甲基化剂(诸如在或高于碘代甲烷的沸点下使用碘代甲烷)的毒性引起的安全问题。
表2
比较例3
使用一系列醇如甲醇、乙醇和2-丙醇尝试方案2的脱甲硅烷基化步骤(iii)。这一途径导致回收油或凝胶形式的产物。使用不同的溶剂诸如ACN、THF和丙酮处理这些油或凝胶,得到完全溶解并且不能回收固体物质。使用乙醚、甲苯、己烷和庚烷产生其它凝胶并且不能回收固体。尝试使用碱将pH调节至中性。为了这一目的,测试了NaOH溶液、AcONa(原样以及水溶液和有机溶液)和钠-2-乙基己酸盐(原样或有机溶液)。使用氢氧化钠的水溶液产生凝胶和胶粘产物。原样的AcONa不能产生任何固体的沉淀。如上实施例所描述的,使用钠-2-乙基己酸盐和乙醇的混合物获得了含有化合物4的固体物质。
尽管已经以具体示例性实施方式的方式描述了本发明,但应当理解的是,在不背离所附权利要求中所述的本发明的范围的条件下,本文公开的物质的各种修改、改变和/或组合对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。
Claims (12)
1.一种形成式(IIIa)的化合物的方法:
其中:
每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基以及C1-5炔基;
每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基以及C1-5炔基;
R4是C1-5烷基;并且
R6是C1-5氟烷基;并且
PG是保护基,
所述方法包括使式(IIa)的化合物与式(VIII)的化合物反应的步骤:
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中PG是式SiR3 3的基团,其中每次出现的R3独立地选自C1-10烃基或C1-5烷氧基,可选地为C1-5烷基、C1-5烷氧基、苯基以及苯基-C1-4烷基
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中R4是甲基。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中R6是C1-5全氟烷基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中R6是三氟甲基。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中所述反应是在极性非质子溶剂中进行的。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中所述反应是在不超过10℃的温度下进行的。
8.一种形成式(IV)的化合物的方法:
其中,每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;并且R4是C1-5烷基;
所述方法包括使式(III)的化合物与2-乙基己酸盐反应的步骤:
其中,X-是阴离子并且每个R3独立地选自由C1-10烃基和C1-5烷氧基组成的组。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述2-乙基己酸盐是金属2-乙基己酸盐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述金属是碱金属。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述式(III)的化合物添加至所述2-乙基己酸盐的溶液
12.一种形成式(II)的化合物的方法:
其中,每次出现的R1独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;每次出现的R2独立地选自H、卤素、氨基、C1-5烷基、C1-5烯基和C1-5炔基;并且每次出现的R3独立地选自由下述组成的组:C1-5烷氧基和C1-10烃基,可选地为C1-5烷基、苯基和苯基-C1-4烷基;
所述方法包括使式(I)的化合物与少于一摩尔当量的式(V)的化合物反应的步骤
其中,R5是C1-5烷基。
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GB201319776D0 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2013-12-25 | Allecra Therapeutics Sas | Compound |
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GB1319776A (en) | 1969-07-15 | 1973-06-06 | Yorkshire Chemicals Ltd | Basic dyes |
SI2046802T1 (sl) * | 2006-07-12 | 2014-03-31 | Allecra Therapeutics Gmbh C/O Loeba Treuhand Gmbh | 2-substituirani metil penamski derivati |
KR101933084B1 (ko) | 2010-11-25 | 2018-12-28 | 알레크라 테라퓨틱스 게엠베하 | 화합물 및 그의 용도 |
KR20120067257A (ko) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-25 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | 3-메틸-1,4-치환된 1,2,3-트라이아졸륨 기반의 이온성 액체 및 그의 제조방법과 응용 |
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