CN106232664B - 汽车内装材料用树脂成型品 - Google Patents
汽车内装材料用树脂成型品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106232664B CN106232664B CN201580022010.8A CN201580022010A CN106232664B CN 106232664 B CN106232664 B CN 106232664B CN 201580022010 A CN201580022010 A CN 201580022010A CN 106232664 B CN106232664 B CN 106232664B
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供兼顾可薄膜化的树脂强度和耐折皱性的汽车内装材料用树脂成型品。该成型品是将粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)进行搪塑成型而成的,该粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)含有使高分子二醇(a)、直链烷烃二醇(b)、一元醇(c)、二胺(d)以及有机二异氰酸酯(e)反应而得到的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)和添加剂,并且满足下述(1)~(5):(1)(a)含有特定的聚酯二醇;(2)(b)的重量相对于(a)~(e)的总重量在特定范围内;(3)(P)覆膜的拉伸强度为8.0MPa以上;(4)(P)在130℃的储能模量为0.1~5.0MPa;(5)通过特定的测定方法得到的(P)在50℃的储能模量相对于在23℃的储能模量的比率为50%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物进行搪塑成型而得到的汽车内装材料用树脂成型品。
背景技术
搪塑成型法由于能够容易地成型出复杂形状(沉割和拉深等)的产品、能够使壁厚均匀以及材料的成品率优良等优点,被广泛用于以汽车的内装材料和粘衬用粘接剂等为中心的用途。
作为搪塑成型材料,主要使用软质的聚氯乙烯粉末,但近年来也使用聚氨酯树脂(例如参考专利文献1)。
但是,对于汽车内装材料的仪表板用的表皮而言,从降低成本的观点出发,期望表皮的薄膜化,薄膜化时,与通常的表皮强度相比,需要满足高树脂强度。但是,树脂强度高的表皮存在如下问题:热成型后的冷却时的树脂的弹性表现速度慢,在表皮脱模时以及以高美观性为目的的真实线迹缝制时,表皮发生变形,产生褶皱。另外,树脂强度低的树脂材料在薄膜化时发生表皮的开裂等、或者耐热性变差,因此无法薄膜化。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2007-204693号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
本发明的课题是提供兼顾可薄膜化的树脂强度和耐折皱性的汽车内装材料用树脂成型品。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明人为了解决上述课题进行了深入研究,结果达成了本发明。即,本发明是一种汽车内装材料用树脂成型品,其是将粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)进行搪塑成型而成的,所述粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)含有使数均分子量为500~5000的高分子二醇(a)、碳原子数为4~6的直链烷烃二醇(b)、一元醇(c)、碳原子数为6~10的二胺(d)以及有机二异氰酸酯(e)反应而得到的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)和添加剂,并且满足下述(1)~(5)。
(1)上述高分子二醇(a)含有使碳原子数为8~12的芳香族二羧酸(f1)与乙二醇反应而得到的聚酯二醇(a1)、以及使碳原子数为4~15的脂肪族二羧酸(f2)与碳原子数为2~6的脂肪族二醇(g)反应而得到的聚酯二醇(a2);
(2)上述(b)的重量相对于上述(a)、上述(b)、上述(c)、上述(d)以及上述(e)的总重量的比例为0.4~1.0重量%;
(3)上述(P)的成型覆膜在25℃的拉伸强度为8.0MPa以上;
(4)将上述(P)在200℃熔融后以35℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至130℃并在130℃经过1小时后的在130℃的储能模量G’130为0.1~5.0MPa;
(5)公式(1)所表示的储能模量G’的比率为50%以上。
储能模量G’的比率=储能模量G’50÷储能模量G’23×100(1)
[式中,储能模量G’50是将(P)在200℃熔融后以80℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至40℃时在50℃的储能模量G’,储能模量G’23是将(P)在200℃熔融后以35℃/分钟冷却至23℃并在23℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’。]
发明效果
本发明的汽车内装材料用树脂成型品具有高树脂强度,并且耐折皱性优良。
具体实施方式
本发明的汽车内装材料用树脂成型品是将粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)进行搪塑成型而得到的,所述粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)含有使数均分子量(以下简称为Mn)为500~5000的高分子二醇(a)、碳原子数为4~6的直链烷烃二醇(b)、一元醇(c)、碳原子数为6~10的二胺(d)以及有机二异氰酸酯(e)反应而得到的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)和添加剂。
需要说明的是,本发明中的二醇的Mn是由依据JIS K 1557-1(塑料-聚氨酯原料多元醇试验方法-第1部:羟值的求法)测定的二醇的羟值算出的值。
热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)中所使用的Mn为500~5000的高分子二醇(a)含有使碳原子数为8~12的芳香族二羧酸(f1)与乙二醇反应而得到的聚酯二醇(a1)、以及使碳原子数为4~15的脂肪族二羧酸(f2)与碳原子数为2~6的脂肪族二醇(g)反应而得到的聚酯二醇(a2)。
作为碳原子数为8~12的芳香族二羧酸(f1),可以举出:对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸以及邻苯二甲酸等。
作为碳原子数为4~15的脂肪族二羧酸(f2),可以举出:琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、戊二酸、壬二酸、马来酸以及富马酸等。
聚酯二醇(a1)的Mn通常为500~5000,从拉伸强度以及伸长率的观点出发,优选为1500~3000。
作为碳原子数为2~6的脂肪族二醇(g),可以举出:乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇以及1,6-己二醇等,从脆化等低温特性的观点出发,优选的是1,4-丁二醇。
聚酯二醇(a2)的Mn通常为500~5000,从脆化等低温特性的观点出发,优选为800~1500。
从脆化等低温特性的观点出发,聚酯二醇(a1)与聚酯二醇(a2)的重量比[(a1):(a2)]优选为5:95~30:70。
高分子二醇(a)可以进一步含有除了(a1)和(a2)以外的聚酯二醇(a3)、聚醚二醇(a4)以及聚醚酯二醇(a5)等。(a)既可以单独使用一种也可以合用两种以上。
作为除了(a1)和(a2)以外的聚酯二醇(a3),可以举出例如:(1)通过Mn小于500的低分子二醇(h)中除乙二醇以外的低分子二醇与碳原子数为8~12的芳香族二羧酸(f1)或其成酯性衍生物[酸酐、低级烷基(碳原子数为1~4)酯、酰卤化物等]的缩聚而得到的物质;(2)通过Mn小于500的低分子二醇(h)中除碳原子数为2~6的脂肪族二醇(g)以外的低分子二醇与碳原子数为4~15的脂肪族二羧酸(f2)或其成酯性衍生物[酸酐、低级烷基(碳原子数为1~4)酯、酰卤化物等]的缩聚而得到的物质;(3)以Mn小于500的低分子二醇(h)作为引发剂将内酯单体进行开环聚合而得到的物质;以及它们的两种以上的混合物。
作为Mn小于500的低分子二醇(h),可以举出:碳原子数为2~8的脂肪族二醇类[直链二醇(乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇以及1,6-己二醇等)、具有支链的二醇(丙二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,2-二乙基-1,3-丙二醇以及1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇或2,3-丁二醇等)等];具有环状基的二醇类[碳原子数为6~15的含脂环基的二醇{1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷以及氢化双酚A等}、碳原子数为8~20的含芳香环的二醇(间苯二甲醇或对苯二甲醇等)、单环酚类(邻苯二酚以及对苯二酚等)的氧亚烷基醚二醇、双酚类(双酚A、双酚S以及双酚F等)的氧亚烷基醚二醇、多核酚类(二羟基萘等)的氧亚烷基醚二醇以及双(2-羟基乙基)对苯二甲酸酯等];它们的AO加成物(分子量小于500)以及它们的两种以上的混合物。低分子二醇中,优选的是脂肪族二醇以及含脂环基的二醇。
作为内酯单体,可以举出:γ-丁内酯、ε-己内酯、γ-戊内酯以及它们的两种以上的混合物。
作为除了(a1)和(a2)以外的聚酯二醇(a3)的具体例,可以举出:聚己内酯二醇、聚戊内酯二醇以及聚六亚甲基碳酸酯二醇等。
作为聚醚二醇(a4),可以举出上述低分子二醇(h)的AO加成物,其中优选的是双酚类的AO加成物,进一步优选的是双酚类的环氧乙烷加成物。
作为聚醚酯二醇(a5),可以举出:使用上述聚醚二醇(a4)代替聚酯二醇(a1)~(a3)中作为原料的低分子二醇而得到的物质,例如可以举出使一种以上的上述聚醚二醇(a4)与一种以上的作为上述聚酯二醇的原料所例示的芳香族二羧酸(f1)或脂肪族二羧酸(f2)以及它们的成酯性衍生物进行缩聚而得到的物质。
从拉伸强度以及伸长率的观点出发,聚酯二醇(a3)、聚醚二醇(a4)以及聚醚酯二醇(a5)的Mn优选为500~5000,进一步优选为1500~3000。
作为本发明中的碳原子数为4~6的直链烷烃二醇(b),可以举出:1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇以及1,6-己二醇,从耐折皱性以及拉伸强度的观点出发,优选的是1,4-丁二醇以及1,6-己二醇。(b)既可以单独使用一种也可以合用两种以上。
作为一元醇(c),可以举出:碳原子数为1~8的脂肪族一元醇类[直链一元醇(甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇以及辛醇等)以及具有支链的一元醇(异丙醇、新戊醇、3-甲基-戊醇以及2-乙基己醇)等];碳原子数为6~10的具有环状基的一元醇类[含脂环基的一元醇(环己醇等)以及碳原子数为7~12的含芳香环的一元醇(苄醇以及萘乙醇等)等];它们的两种以上的混合物。另外,聚酯一元醇、聚醚一元醇以及聚醚酯一元醇等高分子一元醇也可以用作一元醇(c)。其中,优选的是碳原子数为6~10的脂肪族一元醇以及碳原子数为7~12的含芳香环的一元醇。
作为碳原子数为6~10的二胺(d),可以举出:碳原子数为6~10的脂环式二胺(4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、二氨基环己烷以及异佛尔酮二胺等);碳原子数为6~10的脂肪族二胺(六亚甲基二胺等);碳原子数为8~10的芳香脂肪族二胺(苯二甲胺等)以及它们的两种以上的混合物。其中,优选的是脂环式二胺以及脂肪族二胺,特别优选的是异佛尔酮二胺以及六亚甲基二胺。
作为有机二异氰酸酯(e),可以举出下述物质。
(i)碳原子数(除NCO基中的碳以外,以下同样)为2~18的脂肪族二异氰酸酯[亚乙基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(以下简称为HDI)、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯、2,6-二异氰酸根合甲基己酸酯、双(2-异氰酸根合乙基)富马酸酯、双(2-异氰酸根合乙基)碳酸酯以及2-异氰酸根合乙基-2,6-二异氰酸根合己酸酯等];
(ii)碳原子数为4~15的脂环式二异氰酸酯[异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(以下简称为IPDI)、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(以下简称为氢化MDI)、环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯以及双(2-异氰酸根合乙基)-4-环己烯等];
(iii)碳原子数为8~15的芳香脂肪族二异氰酸酯[间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯或对苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、α,α,α’,α’-四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯等];
(iv)芳香族二异氰酸酯[1,3-苯二异氰酸酯或1,4-苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(以下简称为TDI)、粗制TDI、2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(以下简称为MDI)、4,4’-二异氰酸根合联苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二异氰酸根合联苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷、粗制MDI以及1,5-萘二异氰酸酯等];
(v)这些二异氰酸酯的改性物(具有碳二亚胺基、脲二酮基、脲亚胺基或脲基等的二异氰酸酯改性物)。
其中,从耐候性的观点出发,优选的是脂肪族二异氰酸酯以及脂环式二异氰酸酯,进一步优选的是HDI、IPDI以及氢化MDI。
(d)既可以单独使用一种也可以合用两种以上。
(b)的重量相对于(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)以及(e)的总重量的比例通常为0.4~1.0重量%。
从热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的熔融性的观点出发,热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)在190℃的熔融粘度优选为300~1000Pa·s,进一步优选为300~700Pa·s。需要说明的是,本发明中的熔融粘度通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本发明中的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的体积平均粒径优选为10~500μm,进一步优选为70~300μm。另外,热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)既可以为正球状也可以为非正球状。需要说明的是,本发明中的体积平均粒径通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
从耐热性以及(U)的熔融性的观点出发,热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)在130℃的储能模量G’130优选为0.2~10MPa,进一步优选为0.5~2MPa。需要说明的是,本发明中的储能模量G’130通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的Mn优选为10000~40000,进一步优选为20000~30000。本发明中的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的Mn通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
作为热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的制造方法,可以举出下述方法等。
(1)在有机溶剂的存在下或不存在下预先使高分子二醇(a)、直链烷烃二醇(b)和一元醇(c)的混合物与有机二异氰酸酯(e)按照上述混合物中的羟基与有机二异氰酸酯(e)的异氰酸酯基的摩尔比为1:1.2~1:4.0的方式反应、然后将所得到的在末端具有异氰酸酯基的氨基甲酸酯预聚物(Up)在水以及分散稳定剂存在下利用二胺(d)进行扩链反应的方法。需要说明的是,低分子二胺可以使用封端后的直链脂肪族二胺(例如酮亚胺化合物)等。
(2)将上述氨基甲酸酯预聚物(Up)在非极性有机溶剂以及分散稳定剂存在下利用二胺(d)进行扩链反应的方法。
(3)使高分子二醇(a)、直链烷烃二醇(b)、一元醇(c)、二胺(d)以及有机二异氰酸酯(e)以一步法进行反应的方法。
作为热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的制造中所使用的有机溶剂,可以举出:碳原子数为3~9的酮(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮以及二乙基酮等)、碳原子数为4~8的醚(四氢呋喃等)以及碳原子数为3~6的酯(乙酸甲酯以及乙酸乙酯等)。有机溶剂既可以单独使用一种也可以合用两种以上。
作为热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的制造中所使用的分散稳定剂,可以举出:水溶性高分子(甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸盐类、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮以及二异丁烯与马来酸的共聚物的Na盐等)、无机粉末(碳酸钙粉末、磷酸钙粉末、羟基磷灰石粉末以及二氧化硅粉末等)、表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及十二烷基硫酸钠等)等。分散稳定剂既可以单独使用一种也可以合用两种以上。
制造氨基甲酸酯预聚物(Up)时的反应温度可以与进行氨基甲酸酯化时通常采用的温度相同,使用有机溶剂的情况下通常为20℃~100℃,不使用有机溶剂的情况下通常为20℃~140℃,优选为80℃~130℃。
在上述氨基甲酸酯化反应中,为了促进反应,可以根据需要使用在聚氨酯中通常使用的催化剂。作为催化剂,可以举出例如:胺系催化剂(三乙胺、N-乙基吗啉以及三亚乙基二胺等)、锡系催化剂(月硅酸三甲基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡以及马来酸二丁基锡等)等。
作为将热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)制成粉末状的方法,可以举出:使(U)分散在水或水与有机溶剂的混合物中得到分散体后除去分散介质的方法、得到块状或颗粒状的(U)后进行粉碎的方法等。
作为以分散体的形式得到热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的方法,没有特别限定,可以举出例如:上述氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的制造方法中的(1)的方法、国际公开第2011/070784号或国际公开第2013/018747号中记载的方法等。
作为(U)的分散体的制造中所使用的乳化/分散装置,只要是通常作为乳化机、分散机进行市售的装置就没有特别限定,可以举出例如:均质器(IKA公司制造)、Polytron(KINEMATICA公司制造)以及TK自动均混器(TK auto homomixer)(PRIMIX公司制造)等间歇式乳化机、Ebaramilder(荏原制作所公司制造)、T.K.Filmix、TK管线均混器(TK Pipe linehomomixer)(PRIMIX公司制造)、胶体磨机(神钢Pantec公司制造)、脱粒机(Thrasher)、三角湿式微粉碎机(日本Coke工业公司制造)、Cavitron(Eurotech公司制造)、Fine Flow磨机(太平洋机工公司制造)等连续式乳化机、微流化器(Mizuho工业公司制造)、纳米均质机(Nanomizer)(Nanomizer公司制造)和APV Gaulin(Gaulin公司制造)等高压乳化机、膜乳化机(冷化工业公司制造)等膜乳化机、振动混合器(冷化工业公司制造)等振动式乳化机、以及超声波均质器(Branson公司制造)等超声波乳化机等。其中,从粒径分布的观点出发,优选的是APV Gaulin、均质器、TK自动均混器、Ebaramilder、T.K.Filmix以及TK管线均混器。
作为块状或颗粒状的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的制造方法,可以使用例如捏合机等间歇式混炼机以及附带有侧面进料口的螺杆式挤出机等。接着,利用液氮等进行冷却,利用涡轮磨机等冲击式粉碎机进行粉碎,由此可以得到粉末状的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)。
本发明中的粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)含有热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)以及添加剂。
作为添加剂,可以举出:无机填料、颜料、增塑剂、脱模剂、稳定剂以及防粘连剂(粉体流动性提高剂)等。添加剂既可以单独使用一种也可以合用两种以上。
作为无机填料,可以举出:高岭土、滑石、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、碳酸钙、膨润土、云母、绢云母、玻璃薄片、玻璃纤维、石墨、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、三氧化锑、硫酸钡、硼酸锌、氧化铝、氧化镁、硅灰石、硬硅钙石、晶须以及金属粉末等。其中,从促进热塑性树脂的结晶化的观点出发,优选高岭土、滑石、二氧化硅、二氧化钛以及碳酸钙,进一步优选高岭土以及滑石。
从在热塑性树脂中的分散性的观点出发,无机填料的体积平均粒径优选为0.1~30μm,进一步优选为1~20μm,特别优选为5~10μm。
无机填料的添加量相对于热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量优选为0~40重量%,进一步优选为1~20重量%。
作为颜料没有特别限定,可以使用公知的有机颜料以及无机颜料。作为有机颜料,可以列举:不溶性或可溶性偶氮颜料、铜酞菁系颜料以及喹吖啶酮系颜料等,作为无机系颜料,可以举出:铬酸盐、亚铁氰化物化合物、金属氧化物(二氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化锌以及氧化铝等)、金属盐类[硫酸盐(硫酸钡等)、硅酸盐(硅酸钙以及硅酸镁等)、碳酸盐(碳酸钙以及碳酸镁等)以及磷酸盐(磷酸钙以及磷酸镁等)等]、金属粉末(铝粉末、铁粉末、镍粉末以及铜粉末等)以及炭黑等。对于颜料的平均粒径,没有特别限定,通常为0.2~5.0μm,优选为0.5~1μm。
颜料的添加量以热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量为基准通常为10重量%以下,优选为0.01~5重量%,进一步优选为1~3重量%。
作为增塑剂,可以举出:邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁基苄酯以及邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯等);脂肪族二元酸酯(己二酸二-2-乙基己酯以及癸二酸2-乙基己酯等);偏苯三酸酯(偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯以及偏苯三酸三辛酯等);脂肪酸酯(油酸丁酯等);脂肪族磷酸酯(磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三-2-乙基己酯以及磷酸三丁氧基酯等);芳香族磷酸酯[磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯、磷酸甲苯基二苯酯、磷酸二甲苯基二苯酯、磷酸2-乙基己基二苯酯以及磷酸三(2,6-二甲基苯基)酯等];卤代脂肪族磷酸酯[磷酸三(氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(β-氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(二氯丙基)酯以及磷酸三(三溴新戊基)酯等];以及它们的两种以上的混合物等。
增塑剂的添加量以热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量为基准优选为0~50重量%,进一步优选为5~20重量%。
作为脱模剂,可以使用公知的脱模剂等,可以举出:氟化合物型脱模剂[磷酸三(全氟烷基)(碳原子数为8~20)酯(磷酸三(全氟辛基)酯以及磷酸三(全氟十二烷基)酯等)];有机硅化合物型脱模剂(二甲基聚硅氧烷、氨基改性二甲基聚硅氧烷以及羧基改性二甲基聚硅氧烷等);脂肪酸酯型脱模剂[碳原子数为10~24的脂肪酸的一元醇酯或多元醇酯(硬脂酸丁酯、氢化蓖麻油以及乙二醇单硬脂酸酯等)等];脂肪族酸酰胺型脱模剂[碳原子数为8~24的脂肪酸的单酰胺或双酰胺(油酸酰胺、棕榈酸酰胺、硬脂酸酰胺以及乙二胺等的二硬脂酸酰胺等)等];金属皂(硬脂酸镁以及硬脂酸锌等);天然蜡或合成蜡(固体石蜡、微晶蜡、聚乙烯蜡以及聚丙烯蜡等);以及它们的两种以上的混合物等。
脱模剂的添加量以热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量为基准优选为0~1重量%,进一步优选为0.1~0.5重量%。
作为稳定剂,除了在搪塑成型用材料中使用的通常的紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂以外,还可以使用在分子中具有碳-碳双键(具有或不具有取代基的烯键等)(但是除外芳香环中的双键)或碳-碳三键(具有或不具有取代基的炔键)的化合物等。
作为紫外线吸收剂,可以举出:二苯甲酮系[2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮以及2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮等];苯并三唑系[2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑等];水杨酸系[水杨酸苯酯等];受阻胺系[双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯等]等。
作为抗氧化剂,可以举出:酚系[2,6-二叔丁基-对甲酚以及丁基化羟基苯甲醚等];双酚系[2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)等];磷系[亚磷酸三苯酯以及亚磷酸二苯基异癸酯等]等。
作为在分子中具有碳-碳双键或碳-碳三键的化合物,可以举出例如:(甲基)丙烯酸与二元~十元的多元醇(二元~十元的多元醇,以下同样)的酯[乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及二季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯等];(甲基)烯丙醇与二元~六元的多元羧酸的酯[邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯以及偏苯三酸三烯丙酯等];多元醇的聚(甲基)烯丙基醚[季戊四醇(甲基)烯丙基醚等)];多元醇的聚乙烯基醚(乙二醇二乙烯基醚等);多元醇的聚丙烯基醚(乙二醇二丙烯基醚等);聚乙烯基苯(二乙烯基苯等)以及它们的两种以上的混合物等。其中,从稳定性(自由基聚合速度)的观点出发,优选(甲基)丙烯酸与多元醇的酯,进一步优选三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
稳定剂的添加量以热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量为基准优选为0~20重量%,进一步优选为1~15重量%。
作为防粘连剂(粉体流动性提高剂),可以使用公知的无机系防粘连剂以及有机系防粘连剂等。作为无机系防粘连剂,可以举出:二氧化硅、滑石、二氧化钛以及碳酸钙等。作为有机系防粘连剂,可以举出:粒径为10μm以下的热固性树脂(热固化性聚氨酯树脂、胍胺系树脂以及环氧系树脂等)以及粒径为10μm以下的热塑性树脂[热塑性聚氨酯脲树脂以及聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂等]等。
防粘连剂(流动性提高剂)的添加量以热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量为基准优选为0~5重量%,进一步优选为0.5~1重量%。
添加剂的添加量的合计值以热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的重量为基准优选为0.01~50重量%,进一步优选为1~30重量%。
添加剂可以在制造热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)前的原料中、氨基甲酸酯预聚物(Up)制造时、氨基甲酸酯预聚物(Up)制造后、热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)制造后的任意一个阶段添加,但在添加剂为增塑剂、脱模剂或防粘连剂(粉体流动性提高剂)的情况下,优选在热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)制造后添加。
在添加剂为液态物的情况下,将热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)和添加剂混合,由此,添加剂渗入到(U)中,可以得到添加剂浸渗到(U)中而成的粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)。
作为在得到热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)后与添加剂混合时的混合装置,可以使用公知的粉体混合装置,可以使用容器旋转型混合机、固定容器型混合机以及流体运动型混合机中的任一种。例如作为固定容器型混合机,可以举出:高速流动型混合机、多轴叶片型混合机、高速剪切混合装置[Henschel mixer(注册商标)等]、低速混合装置(行星式混合机等)以及圆锥型螺杆混合机[Nauta mixer(注册商标,以下省略)等],其中,优选的是多轴叶片型混合机、低速混合装置(行星式混合机等)以及圆锥型螺杆混合机(Nauta mixer等)。
本发明中的粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)的成型覆膜在25℃的拉伸强度通常为8.0MPa以上,优选为9.0MPa以上。拉伸强度为8.0MPa以上时,表皮操作时不会发生表皮的开裂等。需要说明的是,本发明中的拉伸强度通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
将粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)在200℃熔融后以35℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至130℃并在130℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’130通常为0.1~5.0MPa,优选为0.2~1.0MPa。
在130℃的储能模量G’130为0.1MPa以上时,耐热性良好,为5.0MPa以下时,热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)的低温熔融性良好。需要说明的是,本发明中的储能模量G’130通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)的公式(1)所表示的储能模量G’的比率通常为50%以上,优选为60%以上。储能模量G’的比率为50%以上时,在真实线迹缝制时表皮不发生变形,不会产生褶皱。
储能模量G’的比率=储能模量G’50÷储能模量G’23×100(1)
公式(1)中的储能模量G’50是将(P)在200℃熔融后以80℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至40℃时在50℃的储能模量G’,储能模量G’23是将(P)在200℃熔融后以35℃/分钟冷却至23℃并在23℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’。
需要说明的是,本发明中的储能模量G’50以及G’23通过实施例中记载的方法来测定。
本发明中的粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)作为用于通过搪塑成型法制造表皮等树脂成型物的材料特别有用。作为搪塑成型法,可以举出如下方法:使装有本发明中的粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)的箱子与加热后的模具一起振动旋转,使粉末在模具内熔融流动后,冷却后使其固化,制造表皮。
模具温度优选为200~300℃,进一步优选为200~250℃。
由粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)成型得到的表皮厚度优选为0.3~1.5mm。粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)可以在比较低的温度区域成型,作为成型的温度,可以为200~250℃。
将成型表皮按照使表面与发泡模具接触的方式设置,倒入氨基甲酸酯发泡体,在背面形成5mm~15mm的发泡层,从而能够制成树脂成型品。由粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)成型得到的树脂成型品适合用于汽车内装材料、例如仪表板以及车门内饰板等。
实施例
以下,通过实施例更具体地对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不限定于此。下文中,份表示重量份,%表示重量%。
制造例1
[热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U-1)的制造]
向具备温度计、搅拌机以及氮气吹入管的反应容器中投入作为聚酯多元醇(a1)的Mn为2300的聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯282.9份以及作为聚酯多元醇(a2)的Mn为1000的聚己二酸丁二醇酯424.4份、作为一元醇(c)的苄醇9.34份以及作为直链烷烃二醇(b)的1,4-丁二醇5.88份,进行氮气置换后,一边搅拌一边加热至110℃使其熔融,冷却至50℃。接着,投入作为有机溶剂的甲基乙基酮150.0份以及作为有机二异氰酸酯(e)的六亚甲基二异氰酸酯132.0份,在90℃反应6小时。接着,冷却至70℃,然后添加作为稳定剂的IRGANOX 1010[CibaSpecialty Chemicals株式会社制造]1.4份,混合均匀,得到氨基甲酸酯预聚物(Up-1)的溶液。所得到的预聚物溶液的异氰酸酯基含量为1.63%。接着,向反应容器中添加使作为分散稳定剂的Sanz Pearl PS-8[三洋化成工业株式会社制造]5.9份溶解在水152份中而成的水溶液157.9份和作为有机溶剂的甲基乙基酮37.1份,在20℃搅拌均匀后,使用超速分散机[Yamato科学株式会社制造]在圆周速度为23m/秒(转速:10000rpm)的搅拌下添加作为二胺(d)的六亚甲基二胺1.7份并混合1分钟。接着,投入调温至75℃的预聚物(Up-1)的溶液103.3份,以23m/秒的圆周速度混合2分钟,然后将混合物移至具备温度计、搅拌机以及氮气吹入管的反应容器中,进行氮气置换,在搅拌的同时在50℃反应10小时。反应结束后,进行过滤和干燥,得到热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U-1)。
制造例2~4以及比较制造例1~5
[热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U-2)~(U-4)以及用于比较的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U’-1)~(U’-5)的制造]
除了将投入原料替换为表1中记载的物质以外,与实施例1同样地进行,得到热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U-2)~(U-4)以及用于比较的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U’-1)~(U’-5)。需要说明的是,在比较制造例2中没有使用直链烷烃二醇(b)。
将制造例1~4、比较制造例1~5中得到的(U-1)~(U-4)以及(U’-1)~(U’-5)的熔融粘度、Mn以及体积平均粒径示于表1中。需要说明的是,各物性值的测定方法如下所述。
<在190℃的熔融粘度测定方法>
按照下述条件进行等速升温,对热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)在190℃的熔融粘度进行测定。
·装置:流动测试仪CFT-500[岛津株式会社制造]
·载荷:5kg·f
·模具:孔径0.5mm、长度1.0mm
·升温速度:5℃/分钟
<Mn的测定方法>
热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)的Mn利用凝胶渗透色谱法在下述条件下进行测定。
·装置:“HLC-8120”[东曹株式会社制造]
·柱:“TSK GEL GMH6”2根[东曹株式会社制造]
·测定温度:40℃
·试样溶液:0.25重量%的四氢呋喃溶液
·溶液注入量:100μl
·检测装置:折射率检测器
·基准物质:标准聚苯乙烯(TSKstandard POLYSTYRENE)12种(分子量500、1050、2800、5970、9100、18100、37900、96400、190000、355000、1090000、2890000)[东曹株式会社制造]
需要说明的是,在Mn的测定中,将试样溶解在四氢呋喃中,利用玻璃过滤器将不溶解成分过滤,使用所得到的溶液作为试样溶液。
<体积平均粒径的测定方法>
利用激光衍射式粒径分布测定装置[日机装株式会社制造的“MicrotracMT3000II”]进行测定,将所得到的相对累积粒径分布曲线中累积量为50%时的粒径(d50)作为体积平均粒径。
制造例5
[热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P-1)的制造]
向诺塔混合机中投入热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U-1)100份、作为增塑剂的聚乙二醇二苯甲酸酯[三洋化成工业株式会社制造;Sunflex EB-300]12份、作为稳定剂的在分子中具有碳-碳双键的化合物双季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯[三洋化成工业株式会社制造;NeomaDA-600]1.0份、作为紫外线吸收剂的双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯和1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基癸二酸甲酯(混合物)[商品名:TINUVIN 765、BASF日本株式会社制造]0.3份以及作为颜料的炭黑1份,在70℃浸渗4小时。接着,投入作为内添脱模剂的二甲基聚硅氧烷[日本Unicar株式会社制造;L45-1000]0.06份并混合1小时,然后冷却至室温。最后,投入作为防粘连剂的交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯[GANZ Chemical株式会社;Ganz PearlPM-030S]0.5份并混合,由此得到热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P-1)。
制造例6~8以及比较制造例6~10
[热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P-2)~(P-4)以及用于比较的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P’-1)~(P’-5)的制造]
除了将热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U-1)替换为表2中记载的物质以外,与实施例1同样地进行,得到热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P-2)~(P-4)以及用于比较的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P’-1)~(P’-5)。
将所得到的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P-1)~(P-4)以及(P’-1)~(P’-5)的体积平均粒径以及通过下述方法测定的储能模量G’的相关结果示于表2中。
<储能模量G’的测定法>
在下述条件下测定各条件下的储能模量G’。
·装置:动态粘弹性测定装置“RDS-2”(Rheometric Scientific公司制造)
·频率:1Hz
(1)在130℃的储能模量G’130的测定方法
将测定试样设置于测定装置的夹具(夹具的直径:8mm)上,然后升温至200℃,在200℃熔融1分钟从而与夹具密合,以35℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至130℃,开始测定,读取在130℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’。
(2)在50℃的储能模量G’50的测定方法
将测定试样设置于测定装置的夹具(夹具的直径:8mm)上,然后升温至200℃,在200℃熔融1分钟从而与夹具密合,然后开始测定,以80℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至40℃,得到储能模量G’相对于温度绘图而成的曲线图,从该曲线图读取在50℃的储能模量G’。
(3)在23℃的储能模量G’23的测定方法
将测定试样设置于测定装置的夹具(夹具的直径:8mm)上,然后升温至200℃,在200℃熔融1分钟从而与夹具密合,以35℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至23℃,开始测定,读取在23℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’。
实施例1~4以及比较例1~5
[作为成型品的表皮的制作以及评价]
使用制造例5~8以及比较制造例6~10中得到的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P-1)~(P-4)以及(P’-1)~(P’-5),通过下述方法进行搪塑成型而得到表皮,然后通过下述方法对各物性进行测定或评价。将结果示于表3中。
<表皮的制作>
在预先加热至210℃的带有纹理图案的Ni电铸模具中填充热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物并保持10秒钟,然后排出多余的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物,将模具进行60秒钟水冷,制作出厚度为1.0mm的成型表皮。另外,除了将填充后的保持时间设定为6秒以外,与上述同样地制作出厚度为0.5mm的成型表皮。
<拉伸强度以及断裂时伸长率的测定方法>
测定依据JIS K 6251:2010进行。即,从厚度为0.5mm以及1.0mm的成型表皮上冲切出三片JIS K 6251:2010的哑铃1号形状的拉伸试验片,在其中心以40mm的间隔引出标线。板厚采用标线间5处的最小值。将其在25℃的气氛下安装于Autograph试验机,以200mm/分钟的速度拉伸,测定拉伸强度以及断裂时伸长率。
<背面熔融性>
通过目视对厚度为0.5mm以及1.0mm的成型表皮背面中央部进行观察,基于下述判定基准评价熔融性。
5:均匀且具有光泽。
4:存在一部分未熔融的粉末,但具有光泽。
3:背面整面具有凹凸、没有光泽。没有贯通于表面的针孔。
2:背面整面具有粉末形状的凹凸,并且具有贯通于表面的针孔。
1:粉末未熔融,没有形成成型品。
<湿热老化试验撕裂强度>
将厚度为1.0mm的成型表皮在设置成温度80℃、湿度95%RH的恒温恒湿机中静置400小时,然后依据JIS K 6252:2007测定表皮的撕裂强度,与初始强度进行比较。撕裂强度的测定中,冲切出三片JIS K 6252:2007的无缺口角型试验片,板厚采用断裂部分附近5处的最小值。将其在25℃的气氛下安装于Autograph试验机,以200mm/分钟的速度拉伸,测定撕裂强度。
<表皮脱模后1.5分钟后的折皱角度>
按照4cm×2.5cm的大小切取厚度为0.5mm以及1.0mm的成型表皮,在脱模后1.5分钟后将样品对半弯折,施加30秒钟700g·f的载荷。释放载荷后10分钟后测定样品的弯折角度。
<热老化后的熔接试验>
将厚度为1.0mm的成型表皮切割成长60mm、宽95mm的大小,在片材的背面利用冷切刀(刃的厚度为0.3mm)在相对于表面大致为直角的方向上引入深度为0.4~0.6mm、长度为60mm的切痕。将成型表皮夹入脱模纸,从脱模纸之上以脱模纸被遮住的方式载置重量为95~100g、尺寸(长、宽、高)为长100mm×宽100mm×厚1.2mm的铁板,在空气中、常压下于130℃放置100小时,然后通过目视对上述片材的切痕是否发生了熔接进行观察。
按照下述基准进行评价。
○:切刀的切痕完全没有熔接。
△:切刀的切痕部分熔接。
×:切刀的切痕熔接。
实施例1~4的成型品的拉伸强度优良,也没有产生折皱,由此可知,其作为汽车内部用的材料是有用的。
产业上的可利用性
将本发明的粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)进行搪塑成型而成的汽车内装材料用树脂成型品适合用作汽车内装材料(仪表板以及车门内饰板等)的表皮。
Claims (5)
1.一种汽车内装材料用树脂成型品,其是将粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)进行搪塑成型而成的,
所述粉末状热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂组合物(P)含有使数均分子量为500~5000的高分子二醇(a)、碳原子数为4~6的直链烷烃二醇(b)、一元醇(c)、碳原子数为6~10的二胺(d)以及有机二异氰酸酯(e)反应而得到的热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)和添加剂,并且满足下述(1)~(5):
(1)所述高分子二醇(a)含有使碳原子数为8~12的芳香族二羧酸(f1)与乙二醇反应而得到的聚酯二醇(a1)、以及使碳原子数为4~15的脂肪族二羧酸(f2)与碳原子数为2~6的脂肪族二醇(g)反应而得到的聚酯二醇(a2);
(2)所述(b)的重量相对于所述(a)、所述(b)、所述(c)、所述(d)以及所述(e)的总重量的比例为0.4重量%~1.0重量%;
(3)所述(P)的成型覆膜在25℃的拉伸强度为8.0MPa以上;
(4)将所述(P)在200℃熔融后以35℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至130℃并在130℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’130为0.1MPa~5.0MPa;
(5)公式(1)所表示的储能模量G’的比率为50%以上,
储能模量G’的比率=储能模量G’50÷储能模量G’23×100 (1)
式中,储能模量G’50是将(P)在200℃熔融后以80℃/分钟的冷却速度冷却至40℃时在50℃的储能模量G’,储能模量G’23是将(P)在200℃熔融后以35℃/分钟冷却至23℃并在23℃经过1小时后的储能模量G’;关于储能模量G’50,得到储能模量G’相对于温度绘图而成的曲线图,从该曲线图读取在50℃的储能模量G’而得到储能模量G’50。
2.如权利要求1所述的树脂成型品,其中,所述碳原子数为4~6的直链烷烃二醇(b)为1,4-丁二醇和/或1,6-己二醇。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的树脂成型品,其中,所述聚酯二醇(a1)的数均分子量为1500~3000,所述聚酯二醇(a2)的数均分子量为800~1500。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的树脂成型品,其中,所述聚酯二醇(a1)与所述聚酯二醇(a2)的重量比[(a1):(a2)]为5:95~30:70。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的树脂成型品,其中,热塑性氨基甲酸酯脲树脂(U)在190℃的熔融粘度为300Pa·s~1000Pa·s。
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