CN106070656A - 一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23C11/103—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins containing only proteins from pulses, oilseeds or nuts, e.g. nut milk
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- A23C9/1238—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using only microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae; Yoghurt using specific L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus microorganisms; using entrapped or encapsulated yoghurt bacteria; Physical or chemical treatment of L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus cultures; Fermentation only with L. bulgaricus or only with S. thermophilus
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料及其制备方法,该复合饮料以紫薯、黑豆、黑蒜为原料经乳酸菌发酵而成,具体方法包括:分别制备紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆,将三种原料混合,加入鲜牛奶、乳糖进行复配、高压均质、杀菌、冷却,在冷却后的混合料液中接种已驯化的乳酸菌菌种进行发酵,发酵结束后,再进行调配、均质、无菌灌装、冷藏。本发明以紫薯、黑豆、黑蒜的复配体系为主要发酵基质,利用四步法驯化的复合乳酸菌为发酵剂,采用特有的发酵基料进行发酵,制备出富含花青素、具有抗氧化、改善肠道局菌群平衡等作用的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料,产品香味独特,营养价值高,工艺简单,适于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种乳酸菌饮料,具体涉及一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料及其制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
紫薯又叫黑薯,除具有普通红薯的营养成分外,还富含硒、铁和花青素。其中,硒被称为“抗癌大王”,易被人体吸收,可以增强机体免疫力;铁是人体抗疲劳、抗衰老、补血的必要元素;花青素是天然强效自由基清除剂,能抑制诱癌物质的产生和减少基因突变,还可以降低血清中的转氨酶,预防高血压等心血管疾病。
黑豆含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、微量元素和粗纤维,其中蛋白质含量高达36%,居豆类之首。黑豆中还富含人体必需氨基酸、油酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸等脂肪酸,以及人体生理代谢过程中极需的卵磷脂、脑磷脂和大豆异黄酮等。黑豆味甘、性平、无毒,《本草纲目》说:“黑豆入肾功多,故能治水、消胀、下气,治风热而活血解毒。”因此,多食黑豆有益身体健康。
黑蒜是近年来新兴的一种保健食品,它在保留生大蒜原有成份和功能的基础上,使生大蒜的抗氧化和抗酸化功效提高了数十倍。在黑蒜制作过程中,生大蒜本身的蛋白质转化为人体必需氨基酸,对增强人体免疫力、恢复人体疲劳,保持人体健康起到积极作用。
以乳酸菌发酵为代表的微生态制剂是近年来健康食品和保健食品开发中的一支新生力量,在国内外市场上广受欢迎。乳酸菌饮料是一种风味独特的发酵乳饮料,是向培养基中接入乳酸菌进行发酵制得,部分乳糖转化为乳酸,有利于乳糖不耐受症人群的食用,同时蛋白则被转化为多种氨基酸、肽等,可促进人体的消化吸收,并生成多种呈味物质,致使产品具备更好的风味及口感。目前,市场上未见一种以紫薯、黑豆、黑蒜为基料的乳酸菌发酵功能性饮料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,工艺简单。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
制备紫薯浆:挑选个头适中、表皮完整的紫薯,洗净、蒸熟、去皮,加入紫薯质量5~9倍的去离子水打浆,用胶体磨磨浆3~7min,得到紫薯浆备用;
制备黑豆浆:挑选成熟饱满、无虫蛀、无霉变的黑豆,洗净,在85~90℃、质量浓度为0.1~0.3%的Na2CO3溶液中预煮10~15min,再用清水反复冲洗后浸泡8~12h,使黑豆充分吸水膨胀,去皮,加入黑豆质量4~6倍的软化水,用磨浆机磨浆,采用100~120目滤网进行浆渣分离,将过滤后的黑豆浆煮沸5~10min,冷却后备用;
制备黑蒜浆:黑蒜剥皮后放入打浆机,加入黑蒜质量10~12倍的去离子水打浆至无明显颗粒,100~120目筛过滤得到黑蒜浆备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按照质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀后得到发酵基料,加入鲜牛奶得到混合液,再加入混合液质量0.2~0.4%的乳糖混匀,得到混合料液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料液在70~80℃、25~30MPa均质两次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合料液在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却到40~45℃;
(5)在步骤(4)得到的混合料液中接入驯化后的菌种,接种量为混合料液质量的2.5~3.5%,发酵温度40~43℃,发酵时间5~7h;
(6)在步骤(5)得到的发酵液中加入预先灭菌的、占发酵液质量7~9%白砂糖、0.02~0.04%柠檬酸、复合稳定剂搅拌均匀,升温至60~70℃,用20~25MPa均质;
(7)均质后的饮料无菌灌装,放置在冷藏库贮存。
步骤(5)中,菌种的驯化方法如下:
取全脂鲜牛奶,加入鲜牛奶质量7~9%的白砂糖混合均匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后加入0.1~0.2%酸奶发酵剂,置于温度40~43℃发酵8~10h,制得发酵剂Ⅰ,其中酸奶发酵剂由双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌七株菌组成;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比8:2进行混合,加入料液质量7~9%的白砂糖混匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后接入2.5~3.5%发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于40~43℃环境下驯化培养5~7h,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比6:4进行混合,加入料液质量7~9%的白砂糖混匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后接入2.5~3.5%发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于40~43℃环境下驯化培养5~7h,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比4:6进行混合,加入料液质量7~9%的白砂糖混匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后接入2.5~3.5%发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于40~43℃环境下驯化培养5~7h,制得驯化后的酸奶发酵剂。
步骤(2)中,所述鲜牛奶与发酵基料的质量比为2~4:6~8。
步骤(6)中,所述复合稳定剂由耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸丙二醇酯和果胶三种成分组成,所述耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.2~0.3%,所述海藻酸丙二醇酯添加量为0.2~0.4%,所述果胶添加量为0.08~0.12%。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种由上述制备方法加工得到的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料,风味独特,营养和保健价值高。
为实现上述目的,本发明通过紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆复配,再接种驯化的复合乳酸菌发酵,制得了一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明以紫薯、黑豆、黑蒜三种富含花青素的食品为原料生产发酵饮料,兼具三者保健功效,在功能上实现了互补,提高了产品的营养价值;
(2)发酵饮料在保留复合饮料营养与口感基础上,由于乳酸菌的发酵作用使饮料风味更加饱满,同时提高了原料中各种营养素含量,而且乳酸菌作为一种益生菌,本身具有重要的生理功能;
(3)本发明以紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆、鲜牛奶的复配体系为发酵基料,利用四步渐进法驯化复合乳酸菌,得到适应紫薯复合体系的发酵剂,提高了乳酸菌发酵的稳定性;
(4)本发明工艺简单,适合工业化生产,对农产品的深加工具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例一
一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
制备紫薯浆:挑选个头适中、表皮完整的紫薯,洗净、蒸熟、去皮,加入紫薯质量5倍的去离子水打浆,用胶体磨磨浆7min,得到紫薯浆备用;
制备黑豆浆:挑选成熟饱满、无虫蛀、无霉变的黑豆,洗净,在85℃、质量浓度为0.1%的Na2CO3溶液中预煮15min,再用清水反复冲洗后浸泡8h,使黑豆充分吸水膨胀,去皮,加入黑豆质量4倍的去离子水,用磨浆机磨浆,采用100目滤网进行浆渣分离,将过滤后的黑豆浆煮沸5min,冷却后备用;
制备黑蒜浆:黑蒜剥皮后放入打浆机,加入黑蒜质量10倍的去离子水打浆至无明显颗粒,100目筛过滤得到黑蒜浆备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按照质量比5:4:1混合均匀后得到发酵基料,将发酵基料与鲜牛奶按照质量比6:4混合,加入混合液质量0.3%的乳糖混匀,得到混合料液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料液在80℃、25MPa均质两次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合料液在95℃灭菌10min,冷却到料液中心温度40℃;
(5)在步骤(4)得到的混合料液中接入驯化后的菌种,接种量为混合料液质量的2.5%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间7h;
菌种的驯化方法如下:
取全脂鲜牛奶,加入鲜牛奶质量7%的白砂糖混合均匀,在95℃灭菌10min,冷却后加入0.2%酸奶发酵剂,置于温度40℃发酵10h,制得发酵剂Ⅰ,其中酸奶发酵剂由双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌七株菌组成;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:4:1混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比8:2进行混合,加入料液质量7%的白砂糖混匀,在95℃灭菌10min,冷却后接入2.5%发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于40℃环境下驯化培养7h,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:4:1混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比6:4进行混合,加入料液质量7%的白砂糖混匀,在95℃灭菌10min,冷却后接入2.5%发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于40℃环境下驯化培养7h,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:4:1混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比4:6进行混合,加入料液质量7%的白砂糖混匀,在95℃灭菌10min,冷却后接入2.5%发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于40℃环境下驯化培养7h,制得驯化后的酸奶发酵剂;
本实施例中的酸奶发酵剂为市售川秀双歧杆菌酸奶发酵剂。
(6)在步骤(5)得到的发酵液中加入预先灭菌的、占发酵液质量7%白砂糖、0.03%柠檬酸、0.25%耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠,0.3%海藻酸丙二醇酯,0.1%果胶搅拌均匀,升温至60℃,用25MPa均质;
(7)均质后的饮料无菌灌装,放置在冷藏库贮存。
实施例二
一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
制备紫薯浆:挑选个头适中、表皮完整的紫薯,洗净、蒸熟、去皮,加入紫薯质量8倍的去离子水打浆,用胶体磨磨浆5min,得到紫薯浆备用;
制备黑豆浆:挑选成熟饱满、无虫蛀、无霉变的黑豆,洗净,在90℃、质量浓度为0.3%的Na2CO3溶液中预煮10min,再用清水反复冲洗后浸泡10h,使黑豆充分吸水膨胀,去皮,加入黑豆质量5倍的软化水,用磨浆机磨浆,采用120目滤网进行浆渣分离,将过滤后的黑豆浆煮沸10min,冷却后备用;
制备黑蒜浆:黑蒜剥皮后放入打浆机,加入黑蒜质量12倍的去离子水打浆至无明显颗粒,120目筛过滤得到黑蒜浆备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按照质量比5:2:3混合均匀后得到发酵基料,将发酵基料与鲜牛奶按照质量比8:2混合,加入混合液质量0.2%的乳糖混匀,得到混合料液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料液在70℃、30MPa均质两次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合料液在100℃灭菌5min,冷却到45℃;
(5)在步骤(4)得到的混合料液中接入驯化后的菌种,接种量为混合料液质量的3.5%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间6h;
菌种的驯化方法如下:
取全脂鲜牛奶,加入鲜牛奶质量8%的白砂糖混合均匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后加入0.15%酸奶发酵剂,置于温度42℃发酵9h,制得发酵剂Ⅰ,其中酸奶发酵剂由双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌七株菌组成;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2:3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比8:2进行混合,加入料液质量8%的白砂糖混匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后接入3.5%发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于42℃环境下驯化培养6h,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2:3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比6:4进行混合,加入料液质量8%的白砂糖混匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后接入3.5%发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于42℃环境下驯化培养6h,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2:3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比4:6进行混合,加入料液质量8%的白砂糖混匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后接入3.5%发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于42℃环境下驯化培养6h,制得驯化后的酸奶发酵剂;
本实施例中的酸奶发酵剂为市售川秀双歧杆菌酸奶发酵剂。
(6)在步骤(5)得到的发酵液中加入预先灭菌的、占发酵液质量8%白砂糖、0.02%柠檬酸0.2%耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠,0.2%海藻酸丙二醇酯,0.08%果胶搅拌均匀,升温至65℃,用25MPa均质;
(7)均质后的饮料无菌灌装,放置在冷藏库贮存。
实施例三
一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
制备紫薯浆:挑选个头适中、表皮完整的紫薯,洗净、蒸熟、去皮,加入紫薯质量9倍的去离子水打浆,用胶体磨磨浆3min,得到紫薯浆备用;
制备黑豆浆:挑选成熟饱满、无虫蛀、无霉变的黑豆,洗净,在90℃、质量浓度为0.2%的Na2CO3溶液中预煮10min,再用清水反复冲洗后浸泡12h,使黑豆充分吸水膨胀,去皮,加入黑豆质量6倍的去离子水,用磨浆机磨浆,采用100目滤网进行浆渣分离,将过滤后的黑豆浆煮沸5min,冷却后备用;
制备黑蒜浆:黑蒜剥皮后放入打浆机,加入黑蒜质量10倍的去离子水打浆至无明显颗粒,100目筛过滤得到黑蒜浆备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按照质量比5:3:2混合均匀后得到发酵基料,将发酵基料与鲜牛奶按照质量比7:3混合,加入混合液质量0.3%的乳糖混匀,得到混合料液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料液在75℃、25MPa均质两次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合料液在95℃灭菌10min,冷却到料液中心温度40℃;
(5)在步骤(4)得到的混合料液中接入驯化后的菌种,接种量为混合料液质量的3%,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间5h;
菌种的驯化方法如下:
取全脂鲜牛奶,加入鲜牛奶质量8%的白砂糖混合均匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后加入0.15%酸奶发酵剂,置于温度42℃发酵9h,制得发酵剂Ⅰ,其中酸奶发酵剂由双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌七株菌组成;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:3:2混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比8:2进行混合,加入料液质量9%的白砂糖混匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后接入3%发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于43℃环境下驯化培养5h,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:3:2混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比6:4进行混合,加入料液质量9%的白砂糖混匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后接入3%发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于43℃环境下驯化培养5h,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:3:2混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比4:6进行混合,加入料液质量9%的白砂糖混匀,在100℃灭菌5min,冷却后接入3%发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于43℃环境下驯化培养5h,制得驯化后的酸奶发酵剂;
本实施例中的酸奶发酵剂为市售川秀双歧杆菌酸奶发酵剂。
(6)在步骤(5)得到的发酵液中加入预先灭菌的、占发酵液质量9%白砂糖、0.04%柠檬酸、0.3%耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠,0.4%海藻酸丙二醇酯,0.12%果胶搅拌均匀,升温至70℃,用20MPa均质;
(7)均质后的饮料无菌灌装,放置在冷藏库贮存。
Claims (5)
1.一种紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料预处理
制备紫薯浆:挑选个头适中、表皮完整的紫薯,洗净、蒸熟、去皮,加入紫薯质量5~9倍的去离子水打浆,用胶体磨磨浆3~7min,得到紫薯浆备用;
制备黑豆浆:挑选成熟饱满、无虫蛀、无霉变的黑豆,洗净,在85~90℃、质量浓度为0.1~0.3%的Na2CO3溶液中预煮10~15min,再用清水反复冲洗后浸泡8~12h,使黑豆充分吸水膨胀,去皮,加入黑豆质量4~6倍的软化水,用磨浆机磨浆,采用100~120目滤网进行浆渣分离,将过滤后的黑豆浆煮沸5~10min,冷却后备用;
制备黑蒜浆:黑蒜剥皮后放入打浆机,加入黑蒜质量10~12倍的去离子水打浆至无明显颗粒,100~120目筛过滤得到黑蒜浆备用;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按照质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀后得到发酵基料,加入鲜牛奶得到混合液,加入混合液质量0.2~0.4%的乳糖混匀,得到混合料液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合料液在70~80℃、25~30MPa均质两次;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合料液在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却到40~45℃;
(5)在步骤(4)得到的混合料液中接入驯化后的菌种,接种量为混合料液质量的2.5~3.5%,发酵温度40~43℃,发酵时间5~7h;
(6)在步骤(5)得到的发酵液中加入预先灭菌的、占发酵液质量7~9%白砂糖、0.02~0.04%柠檬酸、复合稳定剂搅拌均匀,升温至60~70℃,用20~25MPa均质;
(7)均质后的饮料无菌灌装,放置在冷藏库贮存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,菌种的驯化方法如下:
取全脂鲜牛奶,加入鲜牛奶质量7~9%的白砂糖混合均匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后加入0.1~0.2%酸奶发酵剂,置于温度40~43℃发酵8~10h,制得发酵剂Ⅰ,其中酸奶发酵剂由双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌七株菌组成;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比8:2进行混合,加入料液质量7~9%的白砂糖混匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后接入2.5~3.5%发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于40~43℃环境下驯化培养5~7h,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比6:4进行混合,加入料液质量7~9%的白砂糖混匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后接入2.5~3.5%发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于40~43℃环境下驯化培养5~7h,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
将紫薯浆、黑豆浆、黑蒜浆按质量比5:2~4:1~3混合均匀,将鲜牛奶与混合料液按质量比4:6进行混合,加入料液质量7~9%的白砂糖混匀,在95~100℃灭菌5~10min,冷却后接入2.5~3.5%发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于40~43℃环境下驯化培养5~7h,制得驯化后的酸奶发酵剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述鲜牛奶与发酵基料的质量比为2~4:6~8。
4.根据权利要求1所述的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,所述复合稳定剂由耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸丙二醇酯和果胶三种成分组成,所述耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.2~0.3%,所述海藻酸丙二醇酯添加量为0.2~0.4%,所述果胶添加量为0.08~0.12%。
5.一种根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料的制备方法制得的紫薯乳酸菌复合饮料。
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