CN106062996B - 具有孔的电池 - Google Patents
具有孔的电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106062996B CN106062996B CN201580008725.8A CN201580008725A CN106062996B CN 106062996 B CN106062996 B CN 106062996B CN 201580008725 A CN201580008725 A CN 201580008725A CN 106062996 B CN106062996 B CN 106062996B
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- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电池,所述电池经配置具有一结构,在所述结构中堆叠结构被安装在电池的接收部,所述堆叠结构包括正极、负极和插入在正极和负极之间的分隔物,从电池盒到电极组件的正极或负极形成有一个或多个孔,并且在电池盒对应于孔的部位形成有透明窗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有孔的电池。
背景技术
随着因化石燃料的消耗和对环境污染关注的逐步升级导致的能源价格的增加,对环境友好型可替代能源的需求势必会在未来发挥越来越大的作用。因此,对于诸如核能、太阳能、风能和潮汐能等产生各种电力的技术的研究已在进行中,并且用于更有效地使用所产生的能量的电力存储设备也引起了大量关注。
特别地,由于移动装置技术持续发展以及对于移动装置的需求持续增加,对于电池作为能源的需求正在迅速地提升。因此,已经实施了许多对于满足各种需求的电池的研究。
就电池形状而言,对于足够薄至应用于诸如移动电话的产品的棱柱形二次电池或袋形二次电池的需求非常高。另一方面,就电池材料而言,对于显示出高能量密度、放电电压和输出稳定性的诸如锂离子电池、锂离子聚合物电池等的锂二次电池的需求非常高。
此外,二次电池可基于电极组件的结构分类,所述电极组件具有正极、负极及插入到正极与负极之间的分隔物堆叠的结构。例如,电极组件可经配置具有凝胶卷(卷绕)型结构,其中,长片型正极和长片型负极被卷绕,使分隔物设置在正极和负极之间,或者具有堆叠型结构,其中各自具有预订尺寸的多个正极和负极依次堆叠,使分隔物分别设置在正极和负极之间。近些年,为了解决由凝胶卷型电极组件和堆叠型电极组件造成的问题,已经开发了一种堆叠/折叠型电极组件,所述堆叠/折叠型电极组件是凝胶卷型电极组件和堆叠型电极组件的组合,具有改善的结构,在所述结构中预定数量的正极和负极依次堆叠,使分隔物分别设置在正极和负极之间以构成一个单元电池,然后多个单元电池依次折叠并同时被放置在分隔膜上。
此外,基于每个二次电池的电池盒的形状,二次电池可分类为:圆柱形电池,其经配置具有在圆柱形金属容器中安装电极组件的结构;棱柱形电池,其经配置具有在棱柱形金属容器中安装电极组件的结构;以及袋型电池,其经配置具有在铝层压板制成的袋型盒子中安装电极组件的结构。
特别地,近些年,袋型电池由于制造成本低、重量轻和形状便于修改等而得到了许多关注,所述袋型电池经配置具有在铝层压板制成的袋型盒子中安装此种堆叠或堆叠/折叠型电极组件的结构。除此之外,此种袋型电池的使用逐步增加。
在以上的二次电池中,在电池操作期间,构成电极组件的电池会发生各种现象和改变,并且发生在电极中的现象和改变的实时观察结果可被用于电池的基础研究和诊断以及用于电池性能的改善。然而,电极组件安装在密封的不透明电池盒中,并且构成电极组件的电极被其他电极及分隔物形成堆叠结构。由于这些原因,在电池操作期间很难观察到发生在电极中的各种现象和改变。
此外,已经开发了一些额外的、用于观察构成电极组件的电极的实验的电池。然而,用于实验的电池内部结构复杂,结果是很难采用常规的二次电池制造工艺实现用于实验的电池。除此之外,用于实验的电池的一些部件不同于常规二次电池的部件。具体地,使用具有硬币电池尺寸的电极,结果是很难实现与常规二次电池相同的性能。由于这个原因,不能以高可靠性将观察到的电极结果应用于常规二次电池。
因此,能够从根本上解决上述问题的技术是非常有必要的。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明是为了解决上述问题以及尚未被解决的其它技术问题。
作为解决上述问题的各种广泛而深入的研究和实验结果,本申请的发明人发现,在从电池盒到电极组件的正极或负极形成有孔,并且在电池盒中对应所述孔的部位形成有透明窗的情况下(如下文描述的),能够在电池操作期间透过所述孔和窗实时观察电池中发生的各种现象和改变,并且可以将观察到的结果用于电池的基础研究和诊断以及用于电池的性能改善,且在于常规电极组件和常规电池盒中形成孔和窗的情况下,能够在电池操作期间透过所述孔和窗轻易地观察电池中发生的各种现象和改变,由此无需用于实验的额外电池的复杂设计和制造,就可以在与常规电池相同的性能的状态下,观察电极的各种现象和改变,由此改善了结果的可靠性。基于这些发现完成了本发明。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面,可以通过提供一种电池解决上述和其它问题,所述电池经配置具有一结构,其中
堆叠结构的电极组件被安装在电池盒的接收部,所述堆叠结构的电极组件包括正极、负极以及插入在正极和负极之间的分隔物;
从电池盒到电极组件的正极或负极形成有一个或多个孔;
在电池盒中对应所述孔的部位形成有透明窗。
换言之,根据本发明的电池经配置使得在电极组件和电池盒上形成透明窗以及一个或多个孔,以便孔在垂直面与窗连通。因此,能够在电池操作期间透过所述孔和窗实时观察电池中发生的各种现象和改变,并且可将观察到的结果用于电池的基础研究和诊断以及用于电池的性能改善。
此外,在孔和窗形成在常规电极组件和常规电池盒的情况下,能够在电池操作期间透过所述孔和窗轻易观察电池中发生的各种现象和改变。因此,能够在与常规电池相同性能的状态下实现观察电极的各种现象和改变而无需用于实验的额外电池的复杂的设计和制造,由此改善了结果的可靠性。
在具体实例中,电池盒可以为由包括树脂层和金属层的层压板制造的袋型盒。然而,本发明并不仅限于此。电池盒可以为圆柱形容器或棱柱形容器。进一步,电池盒可包括安装在容器开口上端的帽。
此外,电极组件的结构没有特别限制,只要从电池盒到电极组件的正极或负极形成有一个或多个孔而并不会降低电池的性能即可。具体地,电极组件可为:凝胶卷型电极组件,所述凝胶卷型电极组件经配置具有一结构,其中正极板和负极板卷绕形成,使分离板插入在正极板和负极板之间;堆叠型电极组件,其经配置具有一结构,其中一个或多个正极板和一个或多个负极板堆叠形成,使一个或多个分隔物分别设置在正极板或负极板之间;或者堆叠/折叠型电极组件,其经配置具有堆叠型单元电池被折叠同时被放置在分隔板上的结构,其中每个堆叠型单元电池具有正极板和负极板。
同时,电极组件可经配置具有一结构,其中,当在垂直面观察时,电极A(正极或负极)和电极B(具有与电极A极性相反的极性的电极)交替地堆叠,使分隔物插入在电极A和电极B之间以构成至少一对电极,并且堆叠结构中的最外部的电极可为电极A和电极B或复数个电极A。
换言之,电极组件可经配置具有一结构,其中,当在垂直面观察时,正极和负极交替堆叠以构成至少一对电极,并且堆叠结构中最外部的电极可具有相同极性或不同极性。
在具体的实例中,假设,从电池盒中坐落有窗的一侧开始,电极组件的第一电极为电极A1,电极组件的第二电极为电极B2,电极组件的第(k-1)电极为电极A(k-1),并且电极组件的第k电极为电极Bk(其中k为大于或等于4的自然数),从第一电极到第(k-1)电极形成有孔以便观察第k电极。
更具体地,假设,从电池盒中坐落有窗的一侧开始,电极组件的第一电极为电极A1,具有与第一电极极性相反的极性的第二电极为电极B2,电极组件的第(k-1)电极为电极A(k-1),并且电极组件的第k电极为电极Bk。
在这种情况下,从电极组件的第一电极到第(k-1)电极形成有孔以便观察第k电极,并且在电池盒中对应所述孔的部位形成有窗。因此,在电池操作期间透过窗轻易观察发生在第k电极中发生的各种现象和改变成为可能。
在另一个具体实例中,假设,从电池盒中坐落有窗的一侧开始,电极组件的第一电极为电极A1,电极组件的第二电极为电极B2,电极组件的第(k-1)电极为电极A(k-1),并且电极组件的第k电极为电极Bk(其中k为大于或等于4的自然数),从第一电极到第(k-2)电极形成有孔以便观察第(k-1)电极。
更具体地,假设,从电池盒中坐落有窗的一侧开始,电极组件的第一电极为电极A1,具有与第一电极极性相反的极性的第二电极为电极B2,电极组件的第(k-1)电极为电极A(k-1),并且电极组件的第k电极为电极Bk。
在这种情况下,从电极组件的第一电极到第(k-2)电极形成有孔以便观察第(k-1)电极,并且在电池盒中对应所述孔的部位形成有窗。因此,在电池操作期间透过窗轻易观察发生在第(k-1)电极中发生的各种现象和改变成为可能。
同时,可在电极组件和电池盒中形成有两个或更多个孔和窗。具体地,两个或更多个孔和窗形成在不同的部位。可形成两个或更多个孔和窗以便从电池盒的一侧、电池盒的相对侧或者电池盒的两相对侧观察,借此在电池操作期间透过孔和窗观察不同电极中发生的现象和改变成为可能。
当平面观察时,每个孔可具有相当于电池的一个表面的整个面积的1到15%,具体地3到5%的面积。
如果每个孔的面积小于电池的一个表面的整个面积的1%,那么由于空间不足,很难在电池操作期间观察到电池中发生的各种现象和改变。另一方面,如果每个孔的面积大于电池的一个表面的整个面积的15%,那么电池的性能可能低于常规电池的性能,结果是所观察结果的可靠性可能会降低。
此外,可在分隔物和电极组件的复数个电极之一中形成孔。在分隔物中形成的孔可具有的面积小于在复数个电极之一中形成的孔的面积。
在这种情况下,在分隔物中形成的孔的面积可为在复数个电极之一中形成的孔的面积的60到90%,具体地,70到80%。
如果在分隔物中形成的孔的面积小于多个电极之一中形成的孔的面积的60%,那么如上所述由于空间不足,很难在电池操作期间观察到电池中发生的各种现象和改变,如果超过90%,那么中间隔着分隔物、互相面对面的正极和负极彼此直接接触,造成电池可能发生短路。
同时,电池盒可在其对应于电极组件的孔的部位提供透明窗。更具体地,电池盒可在其对应于电极组件的孔的部位提供开口,并且透明元件可附着到开口以构成窗。
因此,透过通过附着透明元件形成的窗和对应于窗的孔,轻易观察电极成为可能。
在这种情况下,透明元件可采用粘合剂或胶带附着至电池盒的开口以便确保电池盒开口的密封性。然而本发明并不仅限于此。附着方法并不被特定限制,只要能够确保电池盒的开口的密封性同时不改变电池性能即可。
在具体的实例中,粘合剂可为选自由环氧粘合剂、陶瓷粘合剂和亚克力粘合剂组成的组中的至少一种。在另一个具体实例中,胶带可为选自由聚酰亚胺胶带、聚酯胶带和聚乙烯胶带组成的组中的至少一种。
粘合剂和胶带的种类并不被特定限制,只要能够通过透明元件稳定附着至电池盒开口来确保电池盒的开口的密封性同时不改变电池性能即可。
此外,透明元件可为能够使观察电极很容易的光学透明膜。例如,透明元件可为聚合物膜。具体地,透明膜可为选自由聚丙烯膜和基于环烯的膜组成的组中的至少一种。具体地,透明元件可为展示高耐化学性和耐湿性的基于环烯的膜。
此外,透明元件的厚度可为电池盒厚度的20到150%,具体地为50到100%。更具体地,考虑到一般的袋型电池盒的厚度为100到150μm的事实,透明元件的厚度可为20到100μm。
如果透明元件的厚度小于电池盒厚度的50%,则当在电池盒的开口中形成窗时,不能够提供理想的密封力。另一方面,如果透明元件的厚度大于电池盒厚度的150%,那么很难清楚地观察电极。
同时,除了透明元件,可进一步将具有一小厚度的薄玻璃板附着到电池的窗,进而提高防止水分渗透的效果。
在具体的实例中,可采用拉曼光谱法(Raman Spectroscopy)、X射线衍射(X-RayDiffractiong;XRD)、原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscope;AFM)以及扫描隧道显微镜(Scanning Tunneling Microscope;STM)观察根据本发明的电池的电极。在采用拉曼光谱法观察电极的情况下,聚丙烯膜的峰和石墨的峰可能重叠。因此,为了更精确地观察电极,可采用基于环烯的膜作为构成电池盒的窗的透明元件。
此外,在采用原子力显微镜或扫描隧道显微镜观察电极的情况下,对电极实施接触式观察。为此原因,构成窗的透明元件没有附着到电池盒的开口。因此,可在诸如手套箱(glove box)或干燥室(dry room)等的水分可控的环境中观察电极以便防止或最小化缘于外部环境的电极改变。
同时,根据本发明的电池的种类没有特定限制。在具体的实例中,电池可为展现高能量密度、放电电压和输出稳定性的锂二次电池,例如锂离子电池或锂离子聚合物电池。
一般地,锂二次电池包括正极、负极、分隔物以及包含锂盐的非水电解液。
正极可例如通过将正极活性材料、导电剂和粘合剂的混合物施用于正极集流器并干燥所述混合物来制造。可根据需要进一步向该混合物中添加填料(filler)。
正极活性材料可为,但不限于,层状化合物(诸如锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)或锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2))或由一种或多种过渡金属所取代的化合物;以化学式Li1+xMn2-xO4(其中x=0到0.33)表示的锂锰氧化物或者诸如LiMnO3、LiMn2O3或LiMnO2的锂锰氧化物;锂铜氧化物(Li2CuO2);诸如的LiV3O8、LiFe3O4、V2O5或Cu2V2O7的钒氧化物;以化学式LiNi1-xMxO2(其中M=Co、Mn、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、B或Ga,且x=0.01到0.3)表示的镍位点锂镍氧化物(Ni-sitedlithium nickel oxide);以化学式LiMn2-xMxO2(其中M=Co、Ni、Fe、Cr、Zn或Ta,且x=0.01到0.1)或化学式Li2Mn3MO8(其中M=Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn)表示的锂锰复合氧化物;化学式的Li部分被碱金属离子取代的LiMn2O4;二硫化合物;或Fe2(MoO4)3。
加入导电剂通常使得导电剂基于包含正极活性材料的化合物的总重量具有1-30wt%。导电剂没有特定限制,只要导电剂展现高导电性同时导电剂在该导电剂所应用的电池中不引起任何化学改变即可。例如,石墨(诸如天然石墨或人工石墨)、炭黑(诸如炭黑、乙炔黑、Ketjen黑、槽黑、炉黑、灯黑或夏黑);导电纤维(诸如碳化纤维或金属纤维);金属粉末(诸如氟化碳粉末、铝粉或镍粉);导电须晶(诸如氧化锌或钛酸钾);导电金属氧化物(诸如二氧化钛);或者导电材料(诸如聚亚苯基衍生物)可被用作导电剂。
粘合剂为有助于活性材料与导电剂间结合以及与集流器结合的组分。粘合剂通常以基于包含正极活性材料的化合物的总重量的1-30wt%的量添加。作为粘合剂的例子,可采用聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羟甲基化纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化EPDM、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、氟化橡胶以及各种共聚物。
填料为可选的组分,用于抑制正极的膨胀。对填料没有特定限制,只要该填料在其所应用的电池中不引起化学改变并由纤维材料制成即可。作为填料的例子,可采用烯烃聚合物(诸如聚乙烯和聚丙烯);和纤维材料(诸如玻璃纤维和碳纤维)。
阴极可通过将阴极活性材料施加至阴极集流器并干燥来制造。上面描述的组分可根据需要选择性地添加到阴极活性材料。
作为阴极活性材料,例如,可采用碳(诸如非石墨化碳或基于石墨的碳);金属复合氧化物(诸如LixFe2O3(0≤x≤1),LixWO2(0≤x≤1),SnxMe1-xMe’yOz(Me:Mn、Fe、Pb、Ge;Me’:Al、B、P、Si、元素周期表第1、2和3族元素、卤素;0≤x≤1;1≤y≤3;1≤z≤8));金属锂;锂合金;基于硅的合金;基于锡的合金;金属氧化物(诸如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4或Bi2O5);导电聚合物(诸如聚乙炔);或基于Li-Co-Ni的材料。
分隔物和分隔膜插入在正极和负极之间。作为分隔物和分隔膜,例如,可采用展现高离子渗透性和高机械强度的绝缘薄膜。分隔物一般具有0.01-10μm孔径和5-300μm厚度。作为用于分隔物的材料,例如,采用展现出耐化学性和疏水性的烯烃聚合物(诸如聚丙烯)、玻璃纤维或者聚乙烯制造的片材或非织造织物。在使用固体电解质(诸如聚合物)作为电解质的情况下,固体电解质也可兼作分隔物。
此外,在具体实例中,分隔物和/或分隔膜可为用于提高具有高能量密度的电池的安全性的有机/无机复合多孔加固安全分隔物(SRS,Safety–Reinforcing Separators)。
SRS分隔物可通过将无机颗粒和粘合剂聚合物作为活性层组分施加到聚烯烃分隔物基座来制造。除了包括在分隔物基座中的多孔结构,由于无机颗粒间的空隙容量(interstitial volume),也可形成均匀多孔结构作为活性层组分。
在采用有机/无机复合多孔分隔物的情况下,由于相较于采用普通分隔物的情况在形成时会膨胀,因此有可能会限制电在池厚度的增加。除此之外,在采用渗透液体电解质溶液时能够胶化的聚合物作为粘合剂的情况下,所述聚合物还可被用作电解质。
此外,有机/无机复合多孔分隔物可通过调整在分隔物中作为活性层组分的无机颗粒和粘合剂聚合物的含量来展现优异的粘合剂特性。因此,可轻易实施电池组件工艺。
无机颗粒没有特定限制,只要无机颗粒电化学稳定即可。也就是说,可用在本发明中的无机颗粒没有特定限制,只要无机颗粒在该无机颗粒所应用的电池的工作电压范围内(例如基于Li/Li+的0-5V)不被氧化和/或还原即可。特别是,在采用具有离子导电性的无机颗粒的情况下,有可能改善电化学元件中的离子导电性,进而改善电池的性能。因此,优选无机颗粒的离子导电性尽可能高。此外,在无机颗粒具有高密度的情况下,很难在涂覆时分散无机颗粒,并且电池的重量可能会增加。由于这些原因,优选无机颗粒的密度尽可能低。此外,在无机颗粒具有高介电常数的情况下,电解质盐(诸如锂盐)在液体电解质中的解离度可能会增加,进而改善电解质溶液的离子导电性。
包含锂盐的非水电解质溶液由极性有机电解质溶液和锂盐组成。作为电解质溶液,可采用非水液体电解质、有机固体电解质或无机固体电解质。
作为非水液体电解质溶液的实例,提及的可由非质子性有机溶剂制成,诸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁酸内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四羟基Franc、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、碳酸丙烯酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯以及丙酸乙酯。
作为有机固体电解质的实例,提及的可由下述物质制成:聚乙烯衍生物、聚氧乙烯衍生物、聚氧丙烯衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、聚搅拌赖氨酸(agitation lysine)、聚酯硫化物、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯以及含有离子解离基团的聚合物。
作为无机固体电解质的实例,提及的可由下述物质制成:氮化物、卤化物,以及锂(Li)的硫酸盐,诸如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH和Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
锂盐为易溶解在上述非水电解质中的材料,并且可包括,例如,LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NL、氯硼烷锂、低脂肪羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂和酰亚胺。
此外,为了改善充电和放电特性以及阻燃性,可向非水电解质溶液添加例如吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、n-乙二醇二甲醚(glyme)、六磷酰三胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫磺、醌亚胺染料、N取代恶唑烷酮、N,N-取代咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝等。根据情况,为了赋予不燃性,非水电解质溶液可进一步包括含有卤素的溶剂,诸如四氯化碳和三氟化乙烯。而且,为了改善高温保存特性,非水电解质溶液可进一步包括二氧化碳气体。
附图说明
将结合附图从以下的详细描述更加清楚的理解上述和其它问题、特征以及本发明的其它优点,其中:
图1为示出制造构成根据本发明实施方式的电池的电极组件的方法的典型示意图;
图2为示出采用图1的方法制造的电极组件结构的平面示意图;以及
图3-6为示出根据本发明的各种实施方式的电池的堆叠结构的典型示意图。
具体实施方式
现在,将参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式。然而,值得注意的是,本发明的范围并不被所示出的实施方式限制。
图1为示出制造构成根据本发明实施方式的电池的电极组件的方法的典型示意图。
参照图1,电极组件100配置为具有堆叠结构,所述堆叠结构包括正极110、负极130以及插入在正极110和负极130之间的分隔物120。
在正极110上形成有孔111,并在分隔物120上形成有孔121。孔111和孔121形成在正极110和分隔物120的相对应部位以便于彼此连通(140)。
因此,在电池操作期间,能够透过形成在正极110和分隔物120中的孔111和孔121,观察发生在负极130中的各种现象和改变。
图2示出采用图1的方法制造的电极组件结构的平面示意图。
参照图2,电极组件100包括主体160,主体160配置为具有一结构和从主体160的一侧突出的正极端子151和负极端子152,在所述结构中正极110和负极130堆叠,使分隔物120插入在正极110和负极130之间。
在主体160形成有孔111和孔121,所述孔分别在正极110和分隔物120的相对应部位彼此连通。因此,能够透过孔111和孔121观察电极组件100中的负极130。
在分隔物120中形成的孔121的面积小于在正极110中形成的孔111的面积。具体地,在分隔物120中形成的孔121的面积为在正极110中形成的孔111的面积的60到90%,由此防止正极110和负极130间的直接接触,并因此防止短路的发生。
图3-6为示出根据本发明的各种实施方式的电池的堆叠结构的典型示意图。
首先参照图3,电池300的电极组件340配置为具有一结构,在所述结构中两个正极311和312以及两个负极331和332堆叠,使分隔物321、322和323插入在正极311和312与负极331和332之间。电极组件的最外部电极311和332(即正极311和负极322)分别面向电池盒351和352。
从一侧电池盒351到电极组件340的作为第四电极的负极332之前的分隔物形成有孔370。并且在电池盒351对应于孔370的部位形成透明窗360。
正如由参考数字380所指示的,透过孔370,从坐落有窗360的电池盒351到作为第三电极的正极312和分隔物323实现连通。
因此,在电池300操作期间,能够透过透明窗360轻易观察电极组件340的作为第四电极的负极332中发生的各种现象和改变。
首先参照图4,电池400的电极组件440配置为具有一结构,在所述结构中以与图3中相同方式,两个正极411和412以及两个负极431和432堆叠,使分隔物421、422和423插入在正极411和412以及负极431和432之间。电极组件440的最外部电极411和432(即正极411和负极432)分别面向电池盒451和452。
从一侧的电池盒451到电极组件440的作为第四电极的负极432之前的分隔物形成孔471。此外,从一侧的电池盒451到电极组件440的作为第三电极的正极412之前的分隔物形成孔472。在电池盒451对应于孔471和孔472的部位分别形成透明窗461和462。
透过孔471,从坐落有窗461的电池盒451到作为第三电极的正极412和分隔物423实现连通。此外,透过孔472,从坐落有窗462的电池盒451到作为第二电极的负极431和分隔物422实现连通。
也就是说,孔471和472形成在电池400的电极组件440和电池盒451中,并且透明窗461和462形成在电池盒451对应于孔471和472的部位。因此,在电池400操作期间,能够透过窗461和462轻易观察在电极组件440的作为第四电极的负极432和作为第三电极的正极412中发生的各种现象和改变。
所述窗可形成在电池的相同侧。替代地,所述窗可形成在电池的相对侧。图5示出了窗形成在电池的相对侧的结构。
参照图5,从一侧电池盒551到电极组件540的作为第二电极的负极531之前的分隔物形成孔571。此外,从另一侧电池盒552到电极组件540的作为第二电极的正极512之前的分隔物形成孔572。透明窗561和562分别形成在电池盒551和552对应于孔571和572的部位。
透过孔571,从坐落有窗561的电池盒551到作为第一电极的正极511和分隔物521实现连通。此外,透过孔572,从坐落有窗562的电池盒551到作为第一电极的负极532和分隔物523实现连通。
也就是说,孔571和572形成在电池500的电极组件540以及电池盒551和552中,并且透明窗561和562形成在电池盒551和552对应于孔571和孔572的部位。具体地,孔571与572和窗561与562分别形成在一侧电池盒551和另一侧电池盒552中。
因此,在电池500操作期间,能够透过窗561和562轻易观察来自电极组件540一侧的作为第二电极的负极531和来自电极组件540的另一侧的作为第二电极的正极512中发生的各种现象和改变。
现在,将参照以下实例描述本发明。但是,实例仅提供用于本发明的说明而不应当解释为对本发明范围的限制。
<例1>
将电极组件安装在袋型电池盒中,所述电极组件如图1所示制造为在正极和分隔物中形成有孔以使得正极和分隔物透过孔彼此连通。向电池盒中注射含有1M LiPF6锂盐的EC/EMC-基底电解质以便使电解质充满电极,并且密封电池盒以制造电池。在袋型电池盒中对应于电极组件的孔的部位形成开口,并且利用附着有基于环烯的膜的窗盖住开口。
<实验例1>
根据例1制造的电池在4.2V-2.5V电压下充电和放电,并且基于充电和放电循环测量电池的容量保持率。结果在图6中示出。
参照图6,可以看到,虽然在电池的电极组件中形成有孔并在电池对应于孔的部位形成有窗,但电池的容量保持率没有改变。
也就是说,在电池的电极组件中形成有孔并且电池对应于孔的部位形成有窗的情况下,能够在电池操作期间,透过孔和窗实时观察在电池中发生的各种现象和改变而不改变电池性能,进而提高了结果的可靠性。
虽然为了说明性目的公开了本发明的示例性实施方式,但是本领域技术人员可以理解,在不脱离如在所附的权利要求中公开的本发明的范围和精神的情况下,可以进行各种修改、添加和替换。
【工业实用性】
从上述描述明显看出,根据本发明的电池经配置以使得从电池盒到电极组件的正极或负极形成有孔,并且在电池盒对应孔的部位形成有透明窗。因此,能够在电池操作期间透过孔和窗实时观察电池中发生的各种现象和改变,并且所观察的结果可用于电池的基础研究和诊断以及用于电池形成的改善。除此之外,在于常规电极组件和常规电池盒中形成孔和窗的情况下,能够在电池操作期间透过孔和窗轻易观察电池中发生的各种现象和改变。因此,无需用于实验的额外电池的复杂设计和制造,就能够以与常规电池相同的性能,观察电极的各种现象和改变成,由此改善了结果的可靠性。
Claims (14)
1.一种电池,所述电池配置为具有一结构,其中
堆叠结构安装在电池盒的接收部,所述堆叠结构包括正极、负极和插入在所述正极和所述负极之间的分隔物,
从电池盒到电极组件的正极或负极形成一个或多个孔,以及
在电池盒中对应于所述孔的部位形成窗,
其中,所述电极组件配置为具有一结构,其中,当在垂直面观察时,作为正极或负极的电极A和作为与电极A的极性具有相反极性的电极的电极B交替地堆叠形成,使分隔物插入在电极A和电极B之间以构成至少一对电极,并且堆叠结构中的最外部的电极为电极A和电极B或复数个电极A,
其中,所述电池盒在电池盒对应于所述电极组件的孔的部位提供开口,并且透明元件附着至所述开口以构成所述窗,
其中,从所述电池盒到待观察的所述电极实现连通,
其中,在所述分隔物中形成的孔的面积为在所述多个电极之一中形成的孔的面积的60到90%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,所述电池盒为由包括树脂层和金属层的层压板制造的袋型盒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,所述电极组件为:凝胶卷型电极组件、堆叠型电极组件或者堆叠/折叠型电极组件,所述凝胶卷型电极组件配置为具有一结构,其中正极板和负极板卷绕形成,使分离板插入在正极板和负极板之间;所述堆叠型电极组件配置为具有一结构,其中一个或多个正极板和一个或多个负极板堆叠形成,使一个或多个分隔物分别设置在正极板或负极板之间;所述堆叠/折叠型电极组件配置为具有堆叠型单元电池被折叠同时被放置在分隔板上的结构,其中每个堆叠型单元电池具有正极板和负极板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,假设,从电池盒中坐落有窗的一侧开始,电极组件的第一电极为电极A1,电极组件的第二电极为电极B2,电极组件的第(k-1)电极为电极A(k-1),并且电极组件的第k电极为电极Bk(其中k为大于或等于4的自然数),从第一电极到第(k-1)电极形成有孔以便观察第k电极。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,假设,从电池盒中坐落有窗的一侧开始,电极组件的第一电极为电极A1,电极组件的第二电极为电极B2,电极组件的第(k-1)电极为电极A(k-1),并且电极组件的第k电极为电极Bk(其中k为大于或等于4的自然数),从第一电极到第(k-2)电极形成有孔以便观察第(k-1)电极。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,在所述电极组件和所述电池盒中形成有两个或更多个孔和窗。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池,其中,所述两个或更多个孔和窗形成在不同的部位。
8.根据权利要求6所述的电池,其中,所述两个或更多个孔形成为能从电池盒的一侧、电池盒的相对侧或电池盒的相对两侧进行观察。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,平面观察时,每个孔具有相当于电池的一个表面的整个面积的1到15%的面积。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,所述透明元件采用粘合剂或胶带附着至所述开口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电池,其中,所述粘合剂选自由下列物质组成的组中的至少一种:环氧粘合剂、陶瓷粘合剂和亚克力粘合剂。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电池,其中,所述胶带选自由下列物质组成的组中的至少一种:聚酰亚胺胶带、聚酯胶带和聚乙烯胶带。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,所述透明元件为聚合物膜,并选自由下列物质组成的组中的至少一种:聚丙烯膜和基于环烯的膜。
14.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其中,所述电池为锂二次电池。
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EP3093907A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
WO2015126074A1 (ko) | 2015-08-27 |
CN106062996A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
US10319953B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
PL3093907T3 (pl) | 2020-08-10 |
JP6618121B2 (ja) | 2019-12-11 |
US20170047559A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
KR20150099896A (ko) | 2015-09-02 |
EP3093907A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
JP2017510940A (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
EP3093907B1 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
KR101970813B1 (ko) | 2019-04-19 |
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