CN106034945B - efficient utilization method for southern forest land - Google Patents

efficient utilization method for southern forest land Download PDF

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CN106034945B
CN106034945B CN201610479635.3A CN201610479635A CN106034945B CN 106034945 B CN106034945 B CN 106034945B CN 201610479635 A CN201610479635 A CN 201610479635A CN 106034945 B CN106034945 B CN 106034945B
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planting
eucalyptus
strips
phoebe bournei
phoebe
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CN106034945A (en
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曾雷
王洪峰
何春梅
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Guangdong Academy of Forestry
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Guangdong Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for efficiently utilizing southern forest lands, which comprises precious tree species (Phoebe Fujian), fast-growing tree species (eucalyptus), medicinal materials for understory cultivation (medicinal shallot) and medicinal materials for crown hanging seed (dendrobium officinale). The method fully considers the growth characteristics of different species, combines the operation cycle, scientifically configures and forms a three-dimensional high-efficiency planting mode. The method has the advantages of high utilization efficiency of the forest land, short operation period, remarkable improvement of the forest land operation benefit and the like.

Description

Efficient utilization method for southern forest land
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of forest cultivation and medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a high-efficiency utilization method of southern forest land.
background
at present, the total wood consumption amount of China is about 5.39 billion cubic meters per year; the State Council determines the forest felling limit in thirteen five periods, and the total amount of the forest felling limit is only 2.54 billion cubic meters every year in China, so that about 50% of the woods in China depend on imports. Currently, 86 countries and regions around the world restrict or prohibit the export of rare and large diameter logs. The risk of supply interruption of rare tree species and large-diameter logs is increased, and the direct threat to the wood safety of China is formed. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of fast-growing timberwood and precious tree species is carried out in places with better hydrothermal conditions in south China, and the method has important significance for relieving the wood demand pressure in China. Meanwhile, with the improvement of health care consciousness of people, the demand of people for green food and medicines is increasing.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently utilizing southern forest land, which provides high-quality wood and green healthy food (medicine) for society; meanwhile, the method can remarkably improve the operating value of the forest land and drive villagers to become rich.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for efficiently utilizing southern forest lands.
a method for efficiently utilizing southern forest land comprises a three-dimensional cultivation mode of fast-growing tree species, precious tree species, under-forest planted medicinal materials and crown hanging medicinal materials.
Preferably, the fast-growing tree species is eucalyptus, the precious tree species is phoebe bournei, the medicinal material planted under the forest is medicinal shallot, and the medicinal material planted on the forest crown is dendrobium officinale.
preferably, the planting specification of the phoebe bournei is 5m multiplied by 3m, and the planting density is 42-46 plants/mu; the planting specification of the eucalyptus is 10m multiplied by 3m, and the planting density is 20-24 plants/mu; a Phoebe bournei: eucalyptus = (1.75-2.3): 1.
Preferably, the planting period is planned as follows: planting Phoebe Minnan, eucalyptus and medicinal shallot in the same year of forestation, cutting down the eucalyptus in the sixth year, and hanging and planting the dendrobium officinale in the seventh year.
further preferably, the planting period is planned as follows:
1. planting the phoebe bournei and the eucalyptus in the spring of the first year;
2. beginning in the first year, interplanting medicinal shallot between the phoebe bournei in spring and summer every year;
3. cutting down eucalyptus in the sixth year after afforestation;
4. And in the seventh year, interplanting dendrobium officinale in the canopy of the phoebe bournei forest.
5. in the twenty years after afforestation, the phoebe bournei is felled.
Preferably, the method for efficiently utilizing the southern forest land comprises the following steps:
1. Clearing impurities in forest land: in autumn and winter, cutting and chopping miscellaneous trees, shrubs and weeds on the forest land along the ground;
2. refining the mountain: shoveling a 10m wide fireproof belt (no weed or miscellaneous irrigation on the fireproof belt) at the boundary position of the forest land, and starting mountain-making operation after approval of local forestry administration departments;
3. excavating strips: excavating strips according to the mountain-shaped trend, wherein the distance between the strips is 3 meters, and the width of the strip surface is 1 m;
4. ridging: hoeing soil on the strips, ridging the middle of the strips, and reserving 20cm of empty space on each side of the ridge for walking and drainage;
5. Digging holes: digging planting holes of the phoebe bournei on the strips, wherein the distance between the planting holes on the same strip is 5m, and the planting holes between the adjacent strips are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin; and digging eucalyptus planting holes on the open land between the strips, wherein the distance between the holes is 9m, the planting holes on the same strip-shaped open land are arranged in a straight line, and the planting holes on the adjacent strip-shaped open lands are arranged in a Chinese character 'pin' shape.
6. fertilizing and returning soil: putting fertilizer into the hole according to the specified weight, returning soil, stirring uniformly, and finally shoveling the soil around the hole into the hole with the surface higher than the ground.
7. planting Phoebe Fujian and eucalyptus: planting Phoebe Fujiannanensis and Eucalyptus after spring rain, and removing seedling bags during planting;
8. planting the medicinal scallion in spring and summer next year after afforestation:
(1) Removing weeds on the strips, digging a ditch in the middle of the strips between the phoebe bournei, applying a base fertilizer of the welsh onion, and returning soil;
(2) laying a drip irrigation pipe on the strip, and connecting the drip irrigation pipe to a reservoir to form a drip irrigation system;
(3) paving a black mulching film for preventing grass and water on the strips;
(4) digging holes on the strips to plant the shallots;
The fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer for the red onions is 500g/m 2.
9. Cutting eucalyptus:
(1) after red onions are harvested in winter, eucalyptus is felled;
(2) when felling, attention is paid to protect the phoebe bournei and production facilities;
(3) sealing the cut eucalyptus bag with a black film bag to prevent the eucalyptus from sprouting and regenerating;
10. Planting the dendrobium officinale:
(1) installing a spraying facility at a place where a planting basket is to be hung on a Phoebe bournei tree;
(2) after the insect-proof net is installed on the planting basket, the planting basket is hung on a Phoebe bournei tree, and the hanging position is to avoid direct sunlight.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
the ridging specification in the step 4 is that the width of a ridge surface is 60cm, and the height is 25 cm;
the specification of the digging hole in the step 5 is preferably that the specification of a planting hole of a Minnan is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and the specification of a planting hole of a eucalyptus is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm;
the condition of the fertilization in the step 6 is preferably that the base fertilizer of the phoebe bournei is 150g of 45% compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O =15:15: 15) per plant, and the base fertilizer of the eucalyptus is 500g of special fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O =12:18:5, containing B1%) per plant;
The planting specification of the red onions in the step 8 is preferably that the planting distance of the red onions is 30 cm; red scallion
the base fertilizer is mushroom residue fertilizer (mushroom residue: calcium magnesium phosphate =1: 1).
The preferable substrate for planting the dendrobium officinale in the step 10 is pine bark steamed at high temperature, the planting basket is a circular plastic basket with the diameter of 60cm, the planting density is 25 clumps/basket, and 2 plastic baskets are hung on each phoebe bournei.
the method comprises the steps of planting precious trees (Phoebe bournei), fast-growing trees (eucalyptus), understory cultivation medicinal materials (medicinal shallot) and forest crown hanging medicinal materials (dendrobium officinale), fully considers the growth characteristics of different species, combines the operation cycle, scientifically configures and forms a three-dimensional efficient planting mode. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages and effects: firstly, the comprehensive utilization rate of the forest land is high; secondly, the growth amount of the forest trees is obviously improved; thirdly, the operation cycle of the forest land is short; fourthly, the continuous manageability of the forest land is strong; fifthly, the comprehensive operation income of the forest land is high.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention is described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
the following examples of the invention are described in detail, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
a method for efficiently utilizing southern forest land comprises a three-dimensional cultivation mode of fast-growing tree species, precious tree species, under-forest planted medicinal materials and crown hanging medicinal materials.
the fast-growing tree species is eucalyptus, the precious tree species is Phoebe bournei, the medicinal material planted under the forest is medicinal shallot, and the medicinal material planted on the forest crown is dendrobium officinale.
a method for efficiently utilizing southern forest lands comprises the following steps:
a. Clearing impurities in forest land: in autumn and winter, cutting and chopping miscellaneous trees, shrubs and weeds on the forest land along the ground;
b. refining the mountain: shoveling a 10m wide fireproof belt at the boundary position of the forest land, and starting mountain-making operation after approval of a local forestry administrative department;
c. Excavating strips: excavating strips according to the mountain-shaped trend, wherein the distance between the strips is 3 meters, and the width of the strip surface is 1 m;
d. ridging: hoeing soil on the strips, ridging the middle of the strips, and reserving 20cm of empty space on each side of the ridge for walking and drainage;
e. digging holes: digging planting holes of the phoebe bournei on the strips, wherein the distance between the planting holes on the same strip is 5m, and the planting holes between the adjacent strips are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin; digging eucalyptus planting holes in the open space between the strips, wherein the distance between the holes is 8-11m, the planting holes on the same strip-shaped open space are arranged in a straight line, and the planting holes on the adjacent strip-shaped open spaces are arranged in a Chinese character 'pin';
f. Fertilizing and returning soil: putting the fertilizer into the hole according to the specified weight, returning the subsoil and stirring uniformly, and finally shoveling the surface soil around the hole into the hole, wherein the surface of the hole is higher than the ground;
g. Planting Phoebe Fujian and eucalyptus: planting Phoebe Fujiannanensis and Eucalyptus after spring rain, and removing seedling bags during planting;
h. planting the medicinal scallion in spring and summer next year after afforestation:
(1) Removing weeds on the strips, digging a ditch in the middle of the strips between the phoebe bournei, applying a base fertilizer of the welsh onion, and returning soil;
(2) laying a drip irrigation pipe on the strip, and connecting the drip irrigation pipe to a reservoir to form a drip irrigation system;
(3) paving a black mulching film for preventing grass and water on the strips;
(4) Digging holes on the strips to plant the shallots;
i. cutting eucalyptus:
(1) after red onions are harvested in winter, eucalyptus is felled;
(2) when felling, attention is paid to protect the phoebe bournei and production facilities;
(3) sealing the cut eucalyptus bag with a black film bag to prevent the eucalyptus from sprouting and regenerating;
j. planting the dendrobium officinale:
(1) Installing a spraying facility at a place where a planting basket is to be hung on a Phoebe bournei tree;
(2) After the insect-proof net is installed on the planting basket, the planting basket is hung on a Phoebe bournei tree, and the hanging position is to avoid direct sunlight.
the ridging specification in the step d is that the width of a ridge surface is 60cm, and the height is 25 cm; the specification of the digging hole in the step e is that the specification of a planting hole of the Minnan is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and the specification of a planting hole of the eucalyptus is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; the condition of the fertilizer application in the step f is that the base fertilizer of the phoebe bournei is 150g of compound fertilizer for each plant, and N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: P2O5: K2O =15:15: 15; the eucalyptus base fertilizer is a special fertilizer with the weight of 500g per plant, and the special fertilizer comprises N: P2O5: K2O =12:18:5, containing B1%; the planting specification of the red onions in the step h is that the planting distance of the red onions is 30 cm; the base fertilizer of the scallion is mushroom residue fertilizer, wherein mushroom residues in the mushroom residue fertilizer are as follows: calcium magnesium phosphate =1: 1; the substrate of the dendrobium officinale in the step j is pine bark steamed at high temperature, the planting basket is a circular plastic basket with the diameter of 60cm, the planting density is 25 clusters/basket, and 2 plastic baskets are hung on each phoebe bournei.
The planting requirements of the medicinal red onions are as follows: (1) selecting a non-wormhole and fructified bulb as a seed; (2) digging a fertilizing ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 15cm between two rows; (3) after fertilization, covering soil, finishing, and laying a drip irrigation pipe above the fertilization ditch; (4) and covering a black mulching film on the strip.
the cultivation requirement of the dendrobium officinale: (1) taking the disinfected pine bark as a substrate; (2) taking domesticated dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings as seedlings; (3) the planting basket is sealed by an insect-proof net; (4) after the dendrobium officinale is planted in the plastic basket, the dendrobium officinale can be hung on the tree after being placed in a greenhouse for 2 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
firstly, the comprehensive utilization ratio of woodland is high:
The method fully considers the growth characteristics of different species, scientifically configures the planting mode and maximizes the utilization efficiency of the forest land. In the invention, eucalyptus is a fast-growing tree species, the phoebe bournei is a slow-growing tree species, and after the eucalyptus and the phoebe bournei are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin, the photo-thermal condition of the upper layer of the forest land is fully utilized; the green onion is planted on the strips, so that the utilization rate of the forest land is increased, and water and fertilizer sharing among the phoebe bournei, the eucalyptus and the green onion is realized through a drip irrigation system; after the phoebe bournei grows high, eucalyptus is felled, and the dendrobium officinale is planted on the phoebe bournei tree, so that the space of a forest land is expanded, a three-dimensional cultivation mode of the dendrobium officinale, the phoebe bournei and the shallot is formed, and an integrated cultivation mode of a forest crown and a forest bottom is formed.
secondly, the growth amount of the forest trees is obviously improved:
The eucalyptus is planted at low density, so that when the eucalyptus grows for 3.5 years, the height of the tree is increased by 13.5% compared with the traditional planted tree, and the breast diameter is increased by 38.0% compared with the traditional planted tree; the traditional eucalyptus afforestation is felled for six years, the economic benefit is 4200 yuan/mu, and the economic benefit is 5000 yuan/mu, and the eucalyptus planted by the method is felled for 6 years.
The method adopts an interplanting mode of eucalyptus and phoebe bournei, and plants the phoebe bournei at low density; by utilizing the fast-growing characteristics of eucalyptus, a closed environment is provided for the early growth of the phoebe bournei, after the medicinal scallion is interplanted, a drip irrigation system realizes water and fertilizer sharing for the growth of forest trees and medicinal materials, and the early growth of the phoebe bournei is promoted; when the phoebe bournei grows for 5 years, the tree height of the phoebe bournei planted by the method is increased by 37.5 percent and the breast diameter is increased by 32.0 percent compared with the phoebe bournei planted by the traditional method.
thirdly, the operation cycle of the forest land is short:
In the south, the traditional management of forest lands is to plant forest trees, the management period is long, and the harvesting time is generally more than 4 years. In the invention, medicinal red onions are planted under the forest, the growth cycle is only 8 months, and the medicinal red onions are planted in the current year and harvested for many years. In the planting mode of the invention, the red onions are planted in 4-5 months of the current year of forestation and harvested in winter. Realizing the economic benefit generation in the current year of forestation.
fourthly, the continuous manageability of the forest land is strong:
The medicinal scallion can be harvested every year, and the yield value is 4000 yuan/mu each time; in the sixth year, eucalyptus can be felled, and the yield is 6000 yuan/mu; from the seventh year, 50 jin/mu of fresh strips can be harvested from the dendrobium officinale every year, the yield of the dendrobium officinale is 7500 yuan/mu every year by calculating 150 yuan/jin; in the twentieth year, the estimated output of the phoebe bournei is 10m 3/mu, and the output value of the phoebe bournei is 180000 yuan/mu according to the current market reference value of 18000 yuan/m 3. By adopting the method, the continuous operation and the continuous return of the forest land are realized.
fifthly, the comprehensive operating income of the forest land is high:
accumulating for 20 years, wherein the yield of the medicinal red onion reaches 80000 yuan/mu, the yield of the eucalyptus is 6000 yuan/mu, the yield of the dendrobium officinale reaches 97500 yuan/mu, and the yield of the phoebe bournei is 180000 yuan/mu; the 20-year comprehensive operating income of the forest land is 363500 yuan/mu, and the annual average operating income reaches 18175 yuan/mu.
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The efficient utilization method of southern forest lands is characterized in that the forest lands comprise three-dimensional cultivation modes of fast-growing tree species, precious tree species, understory planted medicinal materials and crown hanging medicinal materials; the fast-growing tree species is eucalyptus, the precious tree species is Phoebe bournei, the medicinal material planted under the forest is medicinal shallot, and the medicinal material planted on the forest crown is dendrobium officinale;
the planting specification of the Phoebe bournei is 5m multiplied by 3m, and the planting density is 42-46 plants/mu; the planting specification of the eucalyptus is 10m multiplied by 3m, and the planting density is 20-24 plants/mu; a Phoebe bournei: eucalyptus = (1.75-2.3) 1;
the efficient utilization method of the southern forest land comprises the following planting period planning steps:
A. Planting the phoebe bournei and the eucalyptus in the spring of the first year;
B. Beginning in the first year, interplanting medicinal shallot between the phoebe bournei in spring and summer every year;
C. Cutting down eucalyptus in the sixth year after afforestation;
D. In the seventh year, dendrobium officinale is interplanted in the canopy of the phoebe bournei forest;
E. felling the phoebe bournei twenty years after afforestation;
the efficient utilization method of the southern forest land comprises the following steps:
a. Clearing impurities in forest land: in autumn and winter, cutting and chopping miscellaneous trees, shrubs and weeds on the forest land along the ground;
b. refining the mountain: shoveling a 10m wide fireproof belt at the boundary position of the forest land, and starting mountain-making operation after approval of a local forestry administrative department;
c. excavating strips: excavating strips according to the mountain-shaped trend, wherein the distance between the strips is 3 meters, and the width of the strip surface is 1 m;
d. ridging: hoeing soil on the strips, ridging the middle of the strips, and reserving 20cm of empty space on each side of the ridge for walking and drainage;
e. digging holes: digging planting holes of the phoebe bournei on the strips, wherein the distance between the planting holes on the same strip is 5m, and the planting holes between the adjacent strips are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character pin; digging eucalyptus planting holes in the open space between the strips, wherein the distance between the holes is 8-11m, the planting holes on the same strip-shaped open space are arranged in a straight line, and the planting holes on the adjacent strip-shaped open spaces are arranged in a Chinese character 'pin';
f. fertilizing and returning soil: putting the fertilizer into the hole according to the specified weight, returning the subsoil and stirring uniformly, and finally shoveling the surface soil around the hole into the hole, wherein the surface of the hole is higher than the ground;
g. planting Phoebe Fujian and eucalyptus: planting Phoebe Fujiannanensis and Eucalyptus after spring rain, and removing seedling bags during planting;
h. planting the medicinal scallion in spring and summer next year after afforestation:
(1) removing weeds on the strips, digging a ditch in the middle of the strips between the phoebe bournei, applying a base fertilizer of the welsh onion, and returning soil;
(2) laying a drip irrigation pipe on the strip, and connecting the drip irrigation pipe to a reservoir to form a drip irrigation system;
(3) Paving a black mulching film for preventing grass and water on the strips;
(4) digging holes on the strips to plant the shallots;
i. Cutting eucalyptus:
(1) After red onions are harvested in winter, eucalyptus is felled;
(2) When felling, attention is paid to protect the phoebe bournei and production facilities;
(3) sealing the cut eucalyptus bag with a black film bag to prevent the eucalyptus from sprouting and regenerating;
j. Planting the dendrobium officinale:
(1) installing a spraying facility at a place where a planting basket is to be hung on a Phoebe bournei tree;
(2) after the insect-proof net is installed on the planting basket, the planting basket is hung on a Phoebe bournei tree, and the hanging position is to avoid direct sunlight.
2. the method for efficient utilization of southern forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ridging specification in the step d is that the width of a ridge surface is 60cm, and the height is 25 cm; the specification of the digging hole in the step e is that the specification of a planting hole of the Minnan is 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and the specification of a planting hole of the eucalyptus is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; the condition of the fertilizer application in the step f is that the base fertilizer of the phoebe bournei is 150g of compound fertilizer for each plant, and N in the compound fertilizer is as follows: P2O5: K2O =15:15: 15; the eucalyptus base fertilizer is a special fertilizer with the weight of 500g per plant, and the special fertilizer comprises N: P2O5: K2O =12:18:5, containing B1%; the planting specification of the red onions in the step h is that the planting distance of the red onions is 30 cm; the base fertilizer of the scallion is mushroom residue fertilizer, wherein mushroom residues in the mushroom residue fertilizer are as follows: calcium magnesium phosphate =1: 1; the substrate of the dendrobium officinale in the step j is pine bark steamed at high temperature, the planting basket is a circular plastic basket with the diameter of 60cm, the planting density is 25 clusters/basket, and 2 plastic baskets are hung on each phoebe bournei.
3. the method for efficient utilization of southern forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planting requirements of the medicinal red onion are as follows: (1) selecting a non-wormhole and fructified bulb as a seed; (2) digging a fertilizing ditch with the width of 10cm and the depth of 15cm between two rows; (3) and after fertilization, covering soil, finishing, and paving a drip irrigation pipe above the fertilization ditch.
4. The method for efficient utilization of southern forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dendrobium officinale cultivation requirements are as follows: (1) taking the disinfected pine bark as a substrate; (2) taking domesticated dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings as seedlings; (3) the planting basket is sealed by an insect-proof net; (4) after the dendrobium officinale is planted in the plastic basket, the dendrobium officinale can be hung on the tree after being placed in a greenhouse for 2 months.
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CN105284565A (en) * 2015-10-19 2016-02-03 西双版纳威利德农业发展有限公司 D.officinali originally ecological tree-hanging planting method

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