CN105454226A - 包含水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品的植物健康组合物 - Google Patents
包含水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品的植物健康组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105454226A CN105454226A CN201510791466.2A CN201510791466A CN105454226A CN 105454226 A CN105454226 A CN 105454226A CN 201510791466 A CN201510791466 A CN 201510791466A CN 105454226 A CN105454226 A CN 105454226A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
- A01N37/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides containing at least one oxygen or sulfur atom being directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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Abstract
描述了一种用于改善植物健康组合物,所述组合物包含至少一种水溶性农药和至少一种非除草水不溶性农业化学品。还描述的是用于制备所述组合物的工艺以及使用所述组合物改善农作物植物健康的方法。
Description
发明领域
本申请是申请号为201180023270.9、申请日为2011年3月14日、发明名称为“包含水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品的植物健康组合物”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明总体涉及用于改善植物健康的组合物,所述组合物包含至少一种水溶性农药(pesticide)和至少一种水不溶性农业化学品。本发明还涉及用于制备所述组合物的工艺以及使用所述组合物改善农作物植物健康的方法。
发明背景
通常,水不溶性农业化学品例如杀虫剂、除草剂和/或杀真菌剂作为乳状液浓缩物(EC)、微乳浓缩物(ME)、悬浮浓缩物(SC)或干浓缩物组合物单独地配制。当与第二活性剂例如水溶性农业化学品一起配制时,诸如低活性剂载量局限性和较差组合稳定性的难题可产生各种问题,例如两相或更多相的形成,或一种或多种活性剂从组合物的结晶。
为了克服那些局限性,现有技术组合物通常含有作为溶于有机溶剂中的溶质的水不溶性农业化学品。需要高溶剂载量以增溶水不溶性农业化学品且提供稳定的ME、EC或SC组合物。问题在于,有机溶剂一般是毒性的,对环境有害和/或是昂贵的。而且,此类组合物中的水溶性农药载量通常有限的。
对具有减少的溶剂含量和改善的稳定性的包含水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学化合物的高载量农药组合物存在需求。
发明概述
在本发明的各个方面中,提供包含至少一种水溶性除草剂和至少一种水不溶性农业化学品的植物健康组合物。
简言之,因此,本发明涉及微乳浓缩物组合物,其包含(i)水性载体相,其包含该载体相中的溶液中的至少一种水溶性农药,(ii)表面活性剂相包含(a)包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分,和(b)至少一种水不溶性农业化学品,以及(iii)水不混溶性有机溶剂。该水溶性农药浓度为至少400克活性当量/升的浓缩物组合物,且水不混溶性有机溶剂与以活性当量计的水不溶性农业化学品的重量比小于3:1。
本发明还涉及固体农药浓缩物组合物,其包含(i)至少一种水溶性农药(ii)包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分和(iii)至少一种水不溶性农业化学品。该水溶性农药浓度为按重量计至少5百分比活性当量/单位重量的浓缩物组合物,且水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要存在于表面活性剂组分中。
本发明还涉及悬浮浓缩物组合物,其包含水和在其溶液中的至少一种水溶性农药,包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分、和至少一种水不溶性农业化学品。表面活性剂组分与水不溶性农业化学品的重量比为1:1至5:1。水不溶性农业化学品的第一部分作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中且水不溶性农业化学品的第二部分作为固体微粒存在,且水溶性农药浓度为至少400克活性当量/升的浓缩物组合物。
本发明还涉及用于制备包含至少一种水溶性农药、表面活性剂组分和至少一种水不溶性农业化学品的固体农药组合物的工艺。该工艺包括制备包含表面活性剂组分和水不溶性农业化学品的表面活性剂预混物(其中所述水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要存在于表面活性剂组分中),将表面活性剂预混物与水溶性农药组合以及形成固体农药组合物。
本发明还涉及用于制备液体浓缩物组合物的工艺。该工艺包括:将包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分和至少一种水不溶性农业化学品混合以形成表面活性剂预混物(其中所述水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要存在于表面活性剂组分中),制备包含至少一种水溶性农药的水溶液以及将表面活性剂预混物和水溶性农药的水溶液组合以形成液体浓缩物组合物,其中所述水溶性农药浓度为以活性当量计至少400克/升。在一些实施方案中,液体浓缩物组合物是悬浮浓缩物。在其它实施方案中,液体浓缩物组合物是还包含水不混溶性有机溶剂的微乳。
本发明还涉及增加农艺植物的活力和/或产量以及控制一大批农艺植物中的杂草生长的方法。该方法包括由本发明组合物形成施用混合物,其中所述施用混合物包含(i)选自由以下组成的组的水溶性除草剂:有机磷除草剂、ALS抑制剂除草剂、合成生长素除草剂、乙酰基CoA羧化酶抑制剂除草剂、ACC酶抑制剂除草剂、及其组合和其衍生物,以及(ii)选自由以下组成的组的水不溶性非除草农业化学品:三唑类、嗜球果伞素类、及其组合和其衍生物。将施用混合物以有效增加农艺植物的活力和/或产量的量施用至农艺植物或农艺植物繁殖材料,其中所述农艺植物具有对有机磷除草剂、ALS抑制剂除草剂、合成生长素除草剂、乙酰基CoA羧化酶抑制剂除草剂、ACC酶抑制剂除草剂或其组分赋予耐受性的除草耐受特性。
其它目的和特征部分将是明显的且部分在下文指出。
附图简述
图1示出了用于制备干颗粒除草组合物的本发明工艺的工艺流程图。
图2是戊唑醇与乙氧基化牛油胺5EO表面活性剂中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图3是戊唑醇与乙氧基化牛油胺15EO表面活性剂中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图4是戊唑醇与乙氧基化牛油胺5EO表面活性剂、乙氧基化牛油胺10EO表面活性剂、乙氧基化牛油胺15EO表面活性剂中的每一种的65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图5是戊唑醇与乙氧化胺/乙氧化醇表面活性剂掺混物中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图6是戊唑醇与两种C12-14丙氧化醇表面活性剂(SurfonicLF-17和SurfonicLF-42)中的每一种的65%戊唑醇热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图7是戊唑醇与C12-14乙氧化醇5EO表面活性剂(SURFONICL24-5)和C12-14乙氧化醇9EO表面活性剂(SURFONICL24-9)中的每一种的65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图8是戊唑醇与C6-9酰胺基丙基二甲胺表面活性剂(ARMEENAPA9)中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图9是戊唑醇、C12乙氧化醇2EO表面活性剂(BRIJ30)中的40%戊唑醇和C18乙氧化醇2EO表面活性剂(BRIJ92)中的65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图10是戊唑醇与乙氧基化醚胺表面活性剂(HuntsmanAGM-550)中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图11是戊唑醇与C10磷酸酯5.6EO表面活性剂(ALFOL10(EO)5.6)中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图12是戊唑醇与C6-9酰胺基丙基二甲胺表面活性剂(ARMEENAPA9)、C12乙氧化醇2EO表面活性剂(BRIJ30)、C12-14乙氧基化、丙氧基醇表面活性剂(SURFONICFL-42)、乙氧基化牛油胺5EO表面活性剂(ETHOMEENT/15)、乙氧基化醚胺表面活性剂(HuntsmanAGM-550)和C12-14醇5EO表面活性剂(SURFONICL24-5)中的每一种的65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图13是戊唑醇与含有80%水的乙氧基化异三癸基-氧基丙胺N-氧化物表面活性剂中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图14是戊唑醇与乙氧基化椰油胺2EO表面活性剂(ETHOMEENC/12)中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图15是戊唑醇与乙氧基化季椰油胺2EO表面活性剂(ETHOQUADC/12)中的40%和65%戊唑醇的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图16是精喹禾灵与C6-9酰胺基丙基二甲胺表面活性剂(ARMEENAPA9)中的40%和65%精喹禾灵的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图17是精喹禾灵与乙氧基化醚胺表面活性剂(HuntsmanAGM-550)表面活性剂中的40%和65%精喹禾灵的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图18是精喹禾灵与乙氧基化椰油胺2EO表面活性剂(椰油胺C/12)中的40%和65%精喹禾灵的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图19是精喹禾灵与乙氧基化牛油胺5EO表面活性剂中的40%和65%精喹禾灵的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图20是精喹禾灵和C12-14乙氧化醇5EO表面活性剂(SURFONICL24-5)和C12-14醇9EO表面活性剂(SURFONICL24-9)中的每一种的65%精喹禾灵的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
图21是精喹禾灵与C12-14醇9EO表面活性剂(SURFONICL24-9)、乙氧基化醚胺表面活性剂(HuntsmanAGM-550)表面活性剂、C6-9酰胺基丙基二甲胺表面活性剂(ARMEEN9)和乙氧基化牛油胺5EO表面活性剂(ETHOMEENT/15)中的每一种的65%精喹禾灵的热通量对温度的差示扫描热量法曲线。
发明实施方案的描述
本发明总体涉及用于改善植物健康的组合物,所述组合物包含至少一种水溶性农药、至少一种水不溶性农业化学化合物和表面活性剂组分,其中所述水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要存在于表面活性剂组分中。悬浮浓缩物(SC)、微乳浓缩物(ME)、溶液浓缩物(SL)和干浓缩物(干)组合物在本发明的范围之内。
根据本发明,已发现,水不溶性农业化学化合物可在缺少有机溶剂下以高活性载量溶解于表面活性剂中。该发现在缺少有机溶剂下提供包含水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品的高载量SC组合物。该发现还提供ME组合物具有比现有技术组合物减少的有机溶剂含量和较高的水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品载量。还已经发现,在一些实施方案中,几乎所有的水不溶性农业化学品可作为溶质存在于表面活性剂组分中,由此在缺少有效量的有机溶剂例如基本水不混溶性有机溶剂下形成澄清的SL组合物。还已经发现,本发明能够用于制备干组合物,其中所述水不溶性农业化学品增溶于表面活性剂中以及均匀分布于固体水溶性农药基质中。
本发明组合物的优势是两种或更多种农药活性化合物的混合物的增加的相容性以及农药活性化合物在靶向植物表面上的更均匀的覆盖度。相比于常规技术的改进包括水溶性农药活性化合物在含有两种或更多种农药或农业化学品活性化合物的系统中的较高载量和对有机溶剂的需要的消除和减少。
在本发明组合物中,水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要在由表面活性剂形成的基质中分离,由此抑制农业化学品的降解(例如通过暴露于水溶性农药的水载体相而水解)。据信,不受任何特别理论限制,增溶的水不溶性农业化学品被表面活性剂分子的亲脂性部分包囊在基质中,其中表面活性剂分子的亲水性部分面向水性载体相。因此,水不溶性农业化学品不受与水性载体相中的水接触的影响。
出于本发明的目的,"微乳"是指液体系统,其中表面活性剂组分分散于连续水相内。基本水不混溶性有机溶剂用于获得微乳的适当的稳定性。形成包含表面活性剂相的液滴或微-液滴(含有至少一种溶解的水不溶性农业化学化合物),其中所述液滴大小为约5至200nm,其比可见光的波长(约400nm)小。微乳是澄清的且热力学稳定的。
如本文所用的"干燥"是指固体组合物,例如粒子、薄片(flake)或粉末。
如本文所用的"悬液"是指具有水性载体相的系统,其中将水不溶性农业化学品的第一部分溶解于表面活性剂中以及将水不溶性农业化学品的第二部分作为固体颗粒混悬于水性载体相中。
如本文所用的,农业化学品被定义为改善农艺植物的生产的化学品。农业化学品包括但不限于农药、肥料、营养素、植物生长激活剂和系统性获得抗性("SAR")诱导剂,和其组合与混合物,及其衍生物。
农药包括但不限于杀螨剂、杀藻剂、抗饲育剂、杀鸟剂、杀菌剂、驱鸟剂(birdrepellant)、化学绝育剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、昆虫引诱剂、驱虫剂(insectrepellant)、杀虫剂、哺乳动物驱赶剂(mammalrepellant)、交配干扰剂、杀螺剂(molluscicide)、杀线虫剂、植物生长调节剂、灭鼠剂(rodenticide)、安全剂(safener)、增效剂、杀病毒剂、及其组合和混合物、和其衍生物。
出于本发明的目的,农业化学品衍生物包括在植物组织中转化为农业化学品的或以其它方式提供活性农业化学品或其阴离子或阳离子的盐、酯或化合物。在一些实施方案中,衍生物包括农业化学品盐和酯。此外,"农业上可接受的盐或酯"一般被定义为提供用于预期用途的所需溶解度、毒性和环境安全性的盐或酯。本发明的农业化学品盐的典型阳离子包括,并不限于,钠、钾、单乙醇胺(MEA)、二甲胺(DMA)、异丙胺(IPA)、三甲基锍盐(TMS)、二乙基铵(DEA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)、三甘醇胺(DGA)、锂和铵。用于形成农业化学品盐的典型阴离子包括,并不限于,氯离子、溴离子、氟离子和乙酸根。典型酯包括,并不限于,甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、异丁酯、戊酯、异辛酯、乙基己酯、乙氧基乙酯、丁氧基乙酯、丁氧基丙酯和辛酸酯。还包括在本发明的农业化学品衍生物的范围之内的是拆分的农业化学品异构体,例如并不限于,除草剂精草铵膦、精2-甲4-氯丙酸、精吡氟禾草灵、精喹禾灵和S-异丙甲草胺。如本文所用的,当由名称提及农业化学品时,应理解,衍生物和拆分的异构体在农业化学品的范围之内。
农业化学品例如农药的活性化合物浓度可被称为以"活性当量"计,是指来自已被配制成衍生物例如盐的活性化合物的母体农药化合物的理论收率。活性当量基础可是指活性当量("a.e.")、阳离子当量("c.e.")、游离酸或游离碱。农药活性化合物浓度可替代地被称为以活性成分("a.i.")计,是指农药衍生物的重量。举例而言,500克/升的草甘膦异丙铵盐(以a.i.计)对应于约370克/升草甘膦(以a.i.计)。除非另有详细说明,以活性当量计提及农药活性化合物浓度。
在本发明的上下文中,"主要"是指至少50%、优选至少约75%、更优选至少约90%、更优选至少约95%、且更优选至少约99%的指定组分满足指定条件。因此,在植物健康本发明组合物中,水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要存在于表面活性剂组分中,即,按重量计至少50%、按重量计至少约75%、按重量计至少约90%、按重量计至少约95%或甚至按重量计至少约99%的水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中。在一些实施方案中,几乎所有的水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中。
如本文所用的,术语"农艺植物"是指部分或所有以商业规模被或已被收集或种植,或用作饲料、食物、纤维或其它化学化合物的重要来源的植物。
在本发明的一些方面,组合物和方法提供了改善的农艺植物健康益处,包括增加的植物对生物压力(例如,昆虫、真菌、病毒、线虫、及其它病原体)或非生物压力(例如,干旱、寒冷、和其它环境压力)的耐受性、增加的收率和改善的农艺植物质量。
本发明的植物健康益处可包括改善的出苗率、作物产量、活力(vigor)、蛋白质含量、较发达的根系统(改善的根生长)、分蘖增加、植物高度的增加、较大的叶片、较少的死基生叶、较强的分蘖、较绿的叶色、色素含量、光合活性、较少的对肥料的需要、较少的所需种子、更多的有效分蘖、更早开花、谷物早熟、增加的苗生长、增加的植物架和早发芽。
当组合物和方法的植物健康益处在本文被描述为"增加植物的产量"时,植物的产品的产量比在相同条件但不施用所述施用主题混合物下生产的植物的相同产品的产量增加可测量的量。优选的是,产量增加至少约0.5%、更优选至少约1%、更优选至少约2%、更优选至少约3%、且进一步更优选至少约4%、或更多。
当组合物和方法的植物健康益处在本文被描述为"增加农艺植物的活力"时,活力分级(vigorrating)、或植物重量、或植物高度、或植物冠层、或视觉外观、或这些因素的任何组合比在相同条件但不施用所述施用主题混合物下生产的植物的相同因素增加或改善可测量或可察觉的量。
除本发明组合物提供的植物健康益处之外,包含除草剂的本发明组合物对控制农艺植物田地中不期望的植物(杂草)生长有效,它们与农艺植物竞争必要资源如土壤养分、水和阳光。控制不期望的植物由此提供增加的农艺植物产量。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,组合物为具有赋予对特定除草剂或除草剂组合的耐受性、增加的疾病抗性、增强的对应力的耐受性和/或增强的产量的转基因事件的农艺植物提供改善的植物健康。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,组合物为不具有赋予对特定除草剂或除草剂组合的耐受性的转基因事件的植物提供改善的植物健康,但是这些植物在其它方面不易受来自除草剂的损害的影响。
改善的植物健康可通过用有效量的本发明组合物处理农艺植物的叶子和/或种子(不管植物是否处于来自已知植物健康试剂对其具有活性的害虫或病原体的应力下)来实现。据信,可显示植物健康的增加发生,即使当所处理的种子和/或植物未处于害虫或病原体压力下时,例如,当发芽、出苗和植物生长在基本无菌的条件下发生的试验中时。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,可在农艺植物出苗前或出苗后、或通过土壤处理,例如通过喷雾或撒粉来施用本发明组合物。在其它实施方案中,可将本发明组合物施用至种植之前的植物繁殖材料,例如种子、插条、鳞茎(sets)、根茎、块茎、分生组织、单个或多个植物细胞、或任何由其可获得完整植物的其它植物组织,本发明组合物和方法提供改善的植物健康的优势,而不需增加在发芽后栽培或田地间施用的努力和费用。
本发明的农艺植物的实例包括玉米、谷物(包括小麦、大麦、黑麦、稻)、蔬菜、丁香、豆科植物(包括蚕豆和豌豆)、苜蓿(alfalfa)、甘蔗、甜菜、烟草、油籽(芸苔(canola))、向日葵、红花、花生和高粱。农艺植物包括杂交种、近亲繁殖种和转基因或遗传修饰的植物,它们具有具体特性或特性组合,所述特性包括,并不限于,除草剂耐受性(例如,对草甘膦、草铵膦、麦草畏等等的耐受性)、苏云金杆菌(Bt)、高油、高赖氨酸、高淀粉、营养素密度和抗旱性。优选的农艺植物包括玉米、棉花、小麦和大豆。
水溶性农药
本发明的水溶性农药可包含,并不限于,除草剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀病毒剂、杀螨剂、杀藻剂、杀菌剂、植物生长刺激剂及其组合和混合物。下文提及的农药包括其衍生物,包括盐和酯。
出于本发明的目的,水溶性农药和/或其衍生物在25℃具有至少约0.5克/升("g/L")或至少约1g/L的水溶性。对于本发明组合物,水溶性农药和/或其衍生物优选在25℃下在组合物表面活性剂组分中具有小于约5%w/w的溶解性。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,水溶性农药包含至少一种水溶性除草剂。在一些优选的实施方案中,水溶性除草剂选自乙酰基CoA羧化酶(ACC酶)抑制剂、乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)或乙酰醇酸合成酶(AHAS)抑制剂、光系统II抑制剂、光系统I抑制剂、原卟啉原氧化酶(PPG或Protox)抑制剂、类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂、烯醇丙酮酸莽草酸-3-磷酸(EPSP)合成酶抑制剂、谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂、二氢蝶酸合成酶抑制剂、有丝分裂抑制剂、合成生长素、生长素转运抑制剂、核酸抑制剂和某些未分类的除草剂。
适合的水溶性除草剂的实例包括,并不限于,2,4-D盐、2,4-DB盐、氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、灭草灵(alloxydim)、氨基卡巴腙(aminocarbazone)、磺氨黄隆(amidosulfuron)、氯氨基吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、杀草强(amitrole)、黄草灵(asulam)、四唑黄隆(azimsulfuron)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵盐(benazolinsalt)、噻草平钠(bentazon-sodium)、苄嘧黄隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、双草醚钠(bispyribac-sodium)、除草定(bromacil)、长杀草(carbetamide)、氟酮唑草-乙酯(carfentrazone-ethyl)、氯嘧黄隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、醚黄隆(cinosulfuron)、异噁草酮(clomazone)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、茅草枯(dalapon)、棉隆(dazomet)、麦草畏、茵草敌(dichlormid)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、禾草灵、diclopyr、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、氟吡草腙盐(deflufenzopyrsalt)、克草胺(dimethachlor)、噻吩草胺(dimethenamid)、噻节因(dimethipin)、二溴敌草快(diquatdibromide)、DNOC、DSMA、草藻灭(endothall)、环氧嘧磺隆(Exasulfuron)、啶嘧黄隆(flazasulfuron)、甲酰胺磺隆(floramsulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、氟酮磺隆钠(flucarbazone-sodium)、四氟丙酸(flupropanate)、氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、氟黄胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲酰胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、蔓草磷(fosamine)、草甘膦、草铵膦、精草铵膦、六嗪同(hexazinone)、咪草酸甲酯(imazamethabenz-methyl)、咪草啶酸(imazamox)、甲咪唑烟酸铵(imazapic-ammonium)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、灭草喹铵(imazaquin-ammonium)、咪草烟铵(imazethapyr-ammonium)、碘磺隆(iodosulfuron)、MCPA盐、MCPB-钠、2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop)、精2甲4氯丙酸、硝磺酮(mesotrione)、威百亩(metam)、苯嗪草(metamitron)、二硫代氨基甲酸盐类(metham)、唑草磺胺(metosulam)、赛克津(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、草达灭(molinate)、绿谷隆(monolinuron)、MSMA、水溶性油酸盐、抑草生(naptalam)盐、环氧嘧磺隆(Oxasulfuron)、二氯对草快(paraquatdichloride)、水溶性正壬酸盐、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、毒莠定(picloram)盐、扑灭通(prometon)、丙苯磺隆钠(PropoxycarbazoneSodium)、氟丙黄隆(prosulfuron)、嘧草硫醚(Pyrithiobac-Sodium)、喹草酸(quinmerac)、玉嘧黄隆(rimsulfuron)、稀禾定(sethoxydim)、乙黄黄隆(sulfosulfuron)、TBA、丁唑隆(tebuthiuron)、特草定(terbacil)、噻吩磺隆甲酯(thifensulfuron-methyl)、肟草酮(tralkoxydim)、醚苯黄隆(triasulfuron)、苯黄隆甲酯(tribenuron-methyl)、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)和三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)及其混合物。
一些优选的水溶性除草剂包括ALS或AHAS抑制剂、EPSP抑制剂、谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂、合成生长素、光系统I抑制剂、ACC酶抑制剂、及其组合。更特别地,一些优选的水溶性除草剂可选自(i)合成生长素,包括MCPA、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、氯氨基吡啶酸、二氯吡啶酸、麦草畏、氟草烟、2甲4氯丙酸、精2甲4氯丙酸、毒莠定和三氯吡氧乙酸;(ii)光系统I抑制剂敌草快和二氯对草快;(iii)EPSP抑制剂草甘膦;(iv)谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂草铵膦(和精草铵膦);(v)ALS或AHAS抑制剂,包括咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟;(vi)ACC酶抑制剂,包括禾草灵和稀禾定;及其组合。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,水溶性除草剂是草甘膦、麦草畏、2,4-D、MCPA、草铵膦和禾草灵。在特别优选的实施方案中,水溶性除草剂是草甘膦。
对于除草剂是草甘膦的实施方案,可制备一价盐、二价盐和三价盐,但是,如本领域已知的,一般优选配制和应用基本以一价盐形式的草甘膦,例如,作为单-(有机铵)盐例如单异丙基铵(IPA)盐或单钾(K)盐、或作为一价盐或二价铵(NH4)盐。其它适合的草甘膦盐包括钠(Na)、单乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)、三甲基硅基鎓(TMS)、正丙胺、甲胺、乙胺、己二胺、二甲胺(DMA)及其混合物。在干组合物中,优选单铵盐和钠盐、或其混合物。一价盐可从精确的1:1抗衡阳离子与草甘膦比率变化,同时铵盐可包含1:1至1.8:1的NH4 +离子与草甘膦的比率。
在其它实施方案中,组合物包含草甘膦和至少一种水溶性共除草剂(选自一种或多种ALS或AHAS抑制剂、谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂、合成生长素和ACC酶抑制剂)。更特别地,在本发明的一些共除草剂实施方案中,水溶性共除草剂组合包括草甘膦和草铵膦;草甘膦和麦草畏和/或2,4-D;草甘膦以及咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种;草甘膦以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或两种;草甘膦、草铵膦和麦草畏和/或2,4-D;草甘膦、草铵膦、以及咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种;草甘膦、草铵膦、麦草畏和/或2,4-D、以及咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种;草甘膦、麦草畏和/或2,4-D、草铵膦、以及咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种;草甘膦、草铵膦以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或多种;草甘膦、麦草畏和/或2,4-D、以及禾草灵和/或稀禾定中的一种或多种;草甘膦以及咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种、以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或多种;草甘膦、草铵膦、麦草畏和/或2,4-D、以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或多种;草甘膦、草铵膦、以及咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种、以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或多种;草甘膦、草铵膦、麦草畏和/或2,4-D、咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种、以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或多种;或草甘膦、麦草畏和/或2,4-D、草铵膦、咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟中的一种或多种、以及禾草灵和稀禾定中的一种或多种。
对于包含水溶性除草剂的本发明的实施方案,目标植物优选具有赋予对水溶性除草剂的耐受性的转基因事件,或该植物一般不易受来自水溶性除草剂的损害的影响。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,水溶性农药包含杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀病毒剂、杀螨剂、杀藻剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂、植物生长激活剂、系统性获得抗性("SAR")诱导剂及其组合和混合物。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,水溶性农药包含杀真菌剂。本发明范围之内的水溶性杀真菌剂包括但不限于甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲霜灵-M、噁霜灵(oxadixyl)、噁霉灵(hymexazol)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、灭瘟素(blasticidin-S)、春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、链霉素、霜霉威(propamocarb)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、多抗霉素(polyoxins)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、硫酸铜、碳酸氢钾和噁霉灵。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,水溶性农药包含杀虫剂、杀螨剂和/或杀线虫剂。本发明范围之内的水溶性杀虫剂包括但不限于氨基甲酸酯类例如杀线威(oxamyl)(也分为杀螨剂和杀线虫剂)和灭多威(methomyl)(也分为杀螨剂);新烟碱类化合物例如烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram);有机磷酸酯类例如乙酰甲胺磷(acephate);乐果(dimethoate)(也被分类为杀螨剂);和甲基溴化物和其它烷基卤化物,
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,水溶性农药包含杀藻剂。本发明范围之内的水溶性杀藻剂包括但不限于苯扎氯铵、硫酸铜和代森钠。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,水溶性农药包含杀菌剂。本发明范围之内的水溶性杀菌剂包括但不限于土霉素。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,水溶性农药包含植物生长调节剂。本发明范围之内的植物生长调节剂包括脂壳寡糖类(LCO),其刺激种子植物的种子发芽和出苗以及块茎植物的出现新芽。其它植物生长调节剂包括调呋酸(dikegulac)。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,水溶性除草剂可与其它水溶性农药组合,包括杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀病毒剂、杀螨剂、杀藻剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂、植物生长激活剂、系统性获得抗性("SAR")诱导剂、及其组合和混合物。
在本发明的干浓缩物组合物实施方案中,优选总水溶性农药浓度为以活性当量计约5至约80wt%,更优选约25至约80wt%,进一步更优选约50至约80wt%。
包含草甘膦的本发明的干浓缩物组合物可包含浓度为按重量活性当量计大于25%的组合物、例如按重量活性当量计约25%至约80%的组合物、例如按重量活性当量计约50%至约80%的组合物的草甘膦。
在本发明的ME和SC实施方案中,优选总水溶性农药浓度为约50至约600、约100至约600、约200至约600、约300至约600、约400至约600g/L或约500至约600g活性当量/L。适合的浓度包括50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550或甚至600g/L。在另一种量度中,优选总水溶性农药浓度为以活性当量计约5至约50、例如25至约50重量百分比(wt%)。
在其中所述水溶性农药包含草甘膦的ME和SC实施方案中,草甘膦组分的浓度优选为至少300、400或500克活性当量/升("ga.e./L")。优选草甘膦浓度范围为300至650ga.e./L。适合的草甘膦浓度范围包括400至650、450至650、500至650、300至600、400至600、450至600或500至600ga.e./L。
水不溶性农业化学品
本发明范围之内的水不溶性农业化学化合物包括但不限于除草剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀病毒剂、杀螨剂、杀藻剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂、植物生长激活剂、SAR诱导剂、及其组合和混合物。
出于本发明的目的,水不溶性农业化学化合物在25℃具有小于约1g/L或小于约0.5g/L/升的水溶性。对于本发明组合物,在25℃、水不溶性农业化学化合物在组合物表面活性剂组分中具有大于约5%w/w的溶解度。
本发明的水不溶性农业化学品优选具有约100至约600克/摩尔、更优选约200至约500克/摩尔、更优选约250至约450克/摩尔的分子量。水不溶性农业化学品优选具有约45℃至约110℃、例如约50℃至约110℃、约50℃至约100℃、约50℃至约90℃、约50℃至约80℃、或甚至约50℃至约70℃的熔点。然而,在一些实施方案中,水不溶性农业化学品在约25℃下是液体。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性杀真菌剂包括但不限于由三唑类(例如,种菌唑和戊唑醇)、嗜球果伞素类(例如啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)和唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin))、酰基氨基酸类(例如苯霜灵、精苯霜灵(benlaxyl-M)、甲霜灵和精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M))、嘧啶类(例如,磺嘧菌灵)、吡啶类(例如,吡菌苯威(pyribencarb))、芳基苯基酮类(例如,苯菌酮(metrafenone))、酰胺类(例如,双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet))、苯甲酰替苯胺类(例如,麦锈灵)、咪唑类(例如,氰霜唑(cyazofamid))、二硝基苯酚类(例如,消螨普)、吗啉类(例如,十二环吗啉)、苯基磺酰胺类(例如,抑菌灵)和有机磷杀真菌剂(例如,定菌磷)定义的那些杀真菌剂。
杀真菌剂的实例包括苯霜灵、精苯霜灵、呋霜灵、甲霜灵、甲霜灵-M、磺嘧菌灵、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、乙菌定(ethirimol)、唑嘧菌胺、辛噻酮(octhilinone)、奥索利酸(oxolinicacid)、苯菌灵、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、噻苯哒唑(thiabendazole)、甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、麦锈灵、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、灭锈胺(mepronil)、甲呋酰胺(fenfuram)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、氟苯吡菌胺(fluxapyroxad)、福拉比(furametpyr)、萘吡菌胺(isopyrazam)、戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、环丙吡菌胺(sedaxane)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、噻氟菌胺(thifluzamide)、吡菌苯威、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)、腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯、唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、氰霜唑、吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、消螨普、消螨多、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、醋酸三苯锡(fentinacetate)、三苯基氯化锡(fentin-chloride)、氢氧三苯锡(fentinhydroxide)、硫硅菌胺(silthiofam)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、土霉素、苯氧喹啉(quinoxyfen)、咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、伐菌唑灵(vinclozolin)、异菌脲(iprodione)、腐霉利(procymidone)、乙菌利(chlozolinate)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、稻瘟光(edifenphos)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、定菌磷、联苯、氯硝胺(dicloran)、五氯硝苯(quintozene)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、甲基托氯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、土菌灵(etridiazole)、氯苯甲醚(chloroneb)、碘代丙炔基丁基甲胺酸酯(iodocarb)、硫菌威(prothiocarb)、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、苯噻菌胺异丙酯(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)、丙森锌(iprovalicarb)、valifenalate、枯草芽胞杆菌品系QST713、烯菌灵(imazalil)、噁咪唑(oxpoconazole)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、嗪氨灵(triforine)、消斑肟(pyrifenox)、乐必耕(fenarimol)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、阿扎康唑(azaconazole)、联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、乙环唑(etaconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、亚胺唑(imibenconazole)、种菌唑、叶菌唑(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、配那唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(Tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、三唑醇(triadimenol)、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、十二吗啉(aldimorph)、十二环吗啉、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、十三吗啉(tridemorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、哌丙灵(piperalin)、葚孢菌素(spiroxamine)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、萘替芬(naftifine)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、有效霉素(validamycin)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、双氯氰菌胺、环丙酰菌胺(carpropamid)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、波尔多液(bordeauxmixture)、氢氧化铜(copperhydroxide)、氧氯化铜(copperoxychloride)、碳酸铜铵(cupricammoniumcarbonate)、氧化亚铜(cuprousoxide)、硫磺(sulphur)、呋菌清(cufraneb)、福美铁(ferbam)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、丙森锌(propineb)、福美双(thiram)、乙硫锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram)、代森联(metiram)、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、灭菌丹(folpet)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、抑菌灵、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、多果定(dodine)、双辛胍胺(guazatine)、双胍辛胺(iminoctadine)、敌菌灵(anilazine)、二噻农(dithianon)、阿拉酸式苯-S-甲基(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、氟噻菌净(flutianil)、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、噻吡菌胺(tiadinil)、霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、苯菌酮、甲氧苯啶菌(pyriofenone)、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、酞枯酸(tecloftalam)(杀菌剂)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)和磺菌威(methasulfocarb)。优选的水不溶性杀真菌剂包括苯霜灵、精苯霜灵、十二环吗啉醋酸盐、氟酰胺、种菌唑、苯氧菊酯醚菌酯、醚菌酯、啶氧菌酯、唑菌胺酯和戊唑醇。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性杀虫剂包括但不限于由有机磷类、昆虫生长调节剂类(例如甲壳质合成抑制剂、保幼激素类似物和蜕皮激素、抑制剂及类似物)、合成除虫菊酯类、邻苯二甲酰亚胺类、吡唑类、有机氯类、氨基甲酸酯类和新烟碱类定义的那些。水不溶性杀虫剂的实例包括四螨嗪(clofentezine)、氟螨嗪(diflovidazin)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、乙螨唑(etoxazole)、苏云金杆菌鲇泽变种(var.aizawai)、苏云金杆菌以色列变种、苏云金杆菌库斯塔克变种、苏云金杆菌球形变种、苏云金杆菌tenebrionensis变种、苏云金杆菌作物蛋白:Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry2Ab、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb、Cry34/35Ab1、杀螨隆(diafenthiuron)、三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、苯丁锡(fenbutatinoxide)、快螨特(propargite)、四氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)、虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)、溴螺腈(tralopyril)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、盐酸杀螟丹(cartaphydrochloride)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)、杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、二氟苯隆(diflubenzuron)、氟环脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氯芬奴隆(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、诺福隆(noviflumuron)、氟苯脲(teflubenzuron)、杀铃脲triflumuron)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、环丙马秦(cyromazine)、环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、呋喃虫酰肼(tebufenozide)、阿米曲士(amitraz)、棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁叉威(butocarboxim)、丁酮砜威(butoxycarboxim)、胺甲萘(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、伐虫脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、杀线威、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、甲基邻异丙氧基氨基甲酸苯酯(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、XMC、灭杀威(xylylcarb)、高灭磷(acephate)、甲基吡噁磷(azamethiphos)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、甲基谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、库马磷(coumaphos)、杀螟睛(cyanophos)、内吸磷-S-甲基(demeton-S-methyl)、敌匹硫磷(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)/DDVP、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、EPN、乙硫磷(ethion)、丙线磷(ethoprophos)、氨磺磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、地虫磷(fonofos)、噻唑磷(fosthiazate)、imicyafos、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、三溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、对硫磷(parathion)、对硫磷甲酯(parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、肟硫磷(phoxim)、乙基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-ethyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙虫磷(propaphos)、胺丙畏(pPropetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、替美磷(temephos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、三氯磷酸酯(trichlorfon)、蚜灭多(vamidothion)、氟蚁腙(hydramethylnon)、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)、喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、霸螨灵(fenpyroximate)、嘧虫胺(flufenerim)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、鱼藤酮(rotenone)、全垒打(indoxacarb)、氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone)、螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)、腈吡螨酯(cyenopyrafen)、氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)、氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)、氟虫吡喹(pyrifluquinazon)、α-硫丹(alpha-endosulfan)、氯丹(chlordane)、硫丹(endosulfan)、乙酰虫腈(acetoprole)、乙虫腈(ethiprole)、氟虫腈(fipronil)、吡嗪氟虫腈(pyrafluprole)、吡啶氟虫腈(pyriprole)、DDT、甲氧氯(methoxychlor)、氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯除虫菊(allethrin)、顺式-反式-丙烯除虫菊(allethrind-cis-trans)、反式-丙烯除虫菊(allethrind-trans)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、联苯菊酯(bifenthrin)、生物丙烯菊酯(bioallethrin)、S-环戊烯基生物丙烯菊酯(bioallethrinS-cyclopentenyl)、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、反丙烯除虫菊(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)[(1R)-反式-异构体])、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin)、右旋烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)[(EZ)-(1R)-异构体])、杀灭阿菊酯(esfenvalerate)、依芬普司(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、γ-氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、λ-三氟氯氰菊酯(lambda-yhalothrin)、氯氟醚菊酯(meperfluthrin)、甲氧苄氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、扑灭司林(permethrin)、苯氧司林(phenothrin)[(1R)-反式-异构体])、炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、protrifenbute、灭虫菊(resmethrin)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、(胺菊酯[(1R)-异构体])、四氟醚菊酯(tetramethylfluthrin)、θ-氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟苯菊酯(transfluthrin)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、烯啶虫胺、氟吡氰胺(sulfoxaflor)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、烟碱(nicotine)、乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram)、多杀菌素(spinosad)、阿巴美丁(abamectin)、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectinbenzoate)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)、米尔倍霉素(milbemectin)、烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)、烯虫酯(methoprene)、苯氧威(fenoxycarb)、百利普芬(pyriproxyfen)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、磺酰氟(sulfurylfluoride)、吡嗪酮(pymetrozine)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、异噻虫唑(benclothiaz)、苯螨特(benzoximate)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、冰晶石(cryolite)、丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen)、噻螨胺(cymiazole)、杀螨醇(dicofol)、氟噻虫砜(fluensulfone)、甲基异柳磷(isofenphos-methyl)、三氯杀虫酯(plifenate)和啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性除草剂包括但不限于炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、禾草灵、精噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P-butyl)、氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-methyl)、精氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-R-methyl)、噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)、噁草酸(propaquizafop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-p-ethyl)、丁氧环酮(butroxydim)、烯草酮(clethodim)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、得杀草(tepraloxydim)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草喹、咪草烟、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac-methyl)、酰苯草酮(bencarbazone)、艾分卡巴腙(ipfencarbazone)、噻烯卡巴腙(thiencarbazone)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、甲基胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙氧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟啶嘧磺隆甲酯钠盐(flupyrsulfuron-methyl-Na)、氯吡嘧磺隆甲酯(halosulfuron-methyl)、咪唑磺隆(imazosulfuron)、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron)、双醚氯吡嘧磺隆(metazosulfuron)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、氟嘧磺隆甲酯(primisulfuron-methyl)、嗪咪唑嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、吡嘧磺隆乙酯(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)、甲嘧黄隆甲酯(sulfometuron-methyl)、氟胺磺隆甲酯(triflusulfuron-methyl)、氟胺磺隆(tritosulfuron)、氯酯磺草胺甲酯(cloransulam-methyl)、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、氟唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、嘧磺草胺(pyrimisulfan)、啶磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、双苯胺灵(desmedipham)、苯敌草(phenmedipham)、杀草敏(pyrazon)氯草敏(chloridazon))、莠灭净(ametryne)、阿特拉津(atrazine)、草净津(cyanazine)、敌草净(desmetryne)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、克菊特乙酯(eglinazine-ethyl)、甘扑津乙酯(proglinazine-ethyl)、扑草净(prometryne)、扑灭津(propazine)、西玛津(simazine)、西草净(simetryne)、甲氧去草净(terbumeton)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、特丁净(terbutryne)、草达津(trietazine)、环草定(lenacil)、蔬草灭(pentanochlor)、敌稗(propanil)、氯溴隆(chlorobromuron)、氯麦隆(chlorotoluron)、氯醚隆(chloroxuron)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、敌草隆(diuron)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、非草隆(fenuron)、优草隆(fluometuron)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异噁隆(isouron)、利谷隆(linuron)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、溴谷隆(metobromuron)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、草不隆(neburon)、环草隆(siduron)、苯达松(bentazon)、溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、哒草醇(pyridafol)、哒草特(pyridate)、敌草快、二氯对草快、治草醚(bifenox)、氯硝醚(chlomethoxyfen)、草枯醚(chlornitrofen)、氯氟草醚乙酯(ethoxyfen-ethyl)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、halosafen、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、氟烯草酸戊酯(flumiclorac-pentyl)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、丙炔噁草酮(oxadiargyl)、噁草酮(oxadiazon)、环戊噁草酮(pentoxazone)、异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、派芬草乙酯(pyraflufen-ethyl)、苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil)、双苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、嗪草酸甲酯(fluthiacet-methyl)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、;磺酰唑草酮(sulfentrazone)、flufenpyr、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr-ethyl)、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、达草灭(norflurazon)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、氟草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、异噁氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、异噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate)、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、二环吡草酮(bicyclopyrone)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、特呋三酮(tefuryltrione)、tembotrione、苯吡唑草酮(topramezone)、苯并双环酮(benzobicyclon)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、磺酰草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、草硫膦(sulfosate)、双丙氨磷(bialaphos)(bilanaphos)、苯胺灵(propham)、戊炔草胺(propyzamide)(戊炔草胺(pronamide))、牧草胺(tebutam)、DCPA(二甲基敌草索(chlorthal-dimethyl))、氟草胺(benefin)(氟草胺(benfluralin))、丁乐灵(butralin)、敌乐胺(dinitramine)、丁氟消草(ethalfluralin)、黄草消(oryzalin)、对硫磷(pendimethalin)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、甲基氨草磷(amiprophos-methyl)、抑草磷(butamiphos)、氟氯草定(dithiopyr)、噻草啶(thiazopyr)、氯普芬(chlorpropham)、氟消草(fluchloralin)、氨基丙乐灵(prodiamine)、草乃敌(diphenamid)、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、草萘胺(napropamide)、乙草胺(acetochlor)、甲草胺(alachlor)、丁草胺(butachlor)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、乙酰甲草胺(diethatyl-ethyl)、吡草胺(metazachlor)、异丙甲草胺、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、扑草胺(propachlor)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、S-异丙甲草胺、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、异噁苯砜(fenoxasulfone)、派罗克杀草砜(pyroxasulfone)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、苯噻草胺(mefenacet)、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、茚草酮(indanofan)、哌草磷(piperophos)、异噁酰草胺(isoxaben)、草克乐(chlorthiamid)、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、三嗪茚草胺(indaziflam)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、地乐酚(dinoseb)、特乐酚(dinoterb)、呋草黄(benfuresate)、乙氧呋草黄(ethofumesate)、地散磷(bensulide)、丁草特(butylate)、草灭特(cycloate)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、EPTC、戊草丹(esprocarb)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、克草猛(pebulate)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)(禾草丹(benthiocarb))、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、野麦畏(triallate)、灭草猛(vernolate)、草灭平(chloramben)、2,4,5-T、2,4-D、2,4-DB、氯甲酰草胺(clomeprop)、2,4-滴丙酸(2,4-DP)、高2,4-滴丙酸盐(dichlorprop-P)、(MCPA)、MCPA-巯乙基、毒莠定、环丙嘧啶酸(aminocyclopyrachlor)、快克草(quinclorac)、草除灵乙酯(benazolin-ethyl)、抑草生(naptalam)、氟吡草腙钠(diflufenzopyr-Na)、高效麦草伏异丙酯(flamprop-M-isopropyl)、高效麦草伏甲酯(Flamprop-M-methyl)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、(氯)-芴醇、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、杀草隆(daimuron)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、异噁噻草醚(methiozolin)、油酸、噁嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、天竺葵酸(pelargonicacid)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、ketospiradox、氟丁酰草胺(beflutamid)和甲基杀草隆(methyldymron)。优选水不溶性除草剂包括氟丁酰草胺(beflutamid)、烯草酮(clethodim)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、敌乐胺(dinitramine)、噁唑菌胺(fenxoaprop)、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、高效麦草伏异丙酯(flamprop-M-isopropyl)、高效麦草伏甲酯(flamprop-M-methyl)、吡氟禾草灵、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、喹禾灵、茚草酮(indanofan)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)和噻草啶(thiazopyr)。
对于包含水不溶性除草剂的本发明的实施方案,目标植物优选具有赋予对水不溶性除草剂的耐受性的转基因事件,或这些植物通常不易受来自水不溶性除草剂的损害的影响。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性杀螨剂包括但不限于由桥接联苯类、氨基甲酸酯类、二硝基苯酚类、有机磷、邻苯二甲酰亚胺类、合成除虫菊酯类和嘧啶胺类定义的那些。实例包括但不限于杀螨醇、敌螨通、嘧螨醚和吡螨胺。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性杀藻剂包括但不限于二氯萘醌。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性杀菌剂包括但不限于萘磺汞和硝基吡啶。
本发明范围之内的水不溶性植物生长调节剂包括但不限于细胞分裂素、3-吲哚丁酸和1-萘乙酸、生长抑制剂例如芴醇丁酯和生长阻滞剂例如呋嘧醇。
在其它实施方案中,水不溶性农业化学品可包含SAR诱导剂,其具有诱导植物中对致病剂(包括但不限于病毒、细菌、真菌或这些剂的组合)的耐受性的能力。此外,SAR诱导剂可诱导植物中对昆虫喂养的耐受性,如Enyedi等人(1992;Cell70:879-886)所定义。示例性SAR诱导剂包括化合物的很多结构家族,但通过它们诱导对植物疾病和/或害虫喂养的抗性的能力而联合在一起。市售SAR诱导剂阿拉酸式苯-S-甲基(以ACTIGARD从Syngenta获得)、harpin蛋白α-β(以PROACT从EdenBiosciences获得)、来自酿酒酵母的酵母萃取水解产物(以KEYPLEX350-DP从MorseEnterprisesLimited,Inc.ofMiami,Fla.可得)和噻菌灵(Oryzemate)可用于本发明。激活剂(包括GOEMAR产物)是另一类也可使用的SAR诱导剂。此外,乙烯、其生物合成前体或释放乙烯的化合物例如乙烯利(Ethrel)在本文中被认为是实用的SAR诱导剂。
本发明范围之内的一些水不溶性农业化学品的实例与相应的熔点(MP)(以℃计)、分子量(MW)、20℃下的水溶性(Solub.)(以mg/L计)和辛醇-水分配系数(KOW)(以log10P数据)一起列于下表I中。表I中报告的农药类别是除草剂(herb)、杀虫剂(insec)、杀真菌剂(fung)、杀螨剂(acar)、植物生长调节剂(reg)和除草安全剂(safe)。
表I
优选水溶性农药与水不溶性农业化学品的重量比为约1:1至约100:1,更优选约1:1至约50:1、约1:1至约25:1、约1:1至约15:1或约5:1至约15:1。本发明组合物优选具有以活性当量计约0.1至约20wt%、约1至约20wt%、约3至约20wt%、约5至约20wt%、约1至约10wt%、约3至10wt%或约5至约10wt%的水不溶性农业化学品的总载量。水不溶性农业化学品浓度的实例为0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15或甚至20wt%。
在本发明的一些ME和SC浓缩物实施方案中,组合物含有至少400克活性当量/升的包含至少一种水溶性农药的水溶性农药组分和0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10wt%活性当量的包含至少一种水不溶性农业化学品的水不溶性农业化学品组分。
在本发明的一些干浓缩物实施方案中,组合物含有约5至约80wt%、约25至约80wt%、或甚至约50至约80wt%活性当量的包含至少一种水溶性农药的水溶性农药组分和0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10wt%活性当量的包含至少一种水不溶性农业化学品的水不溶性农业化学品组分。例如,在本发明的一些实施方案中,干组合物包含50至80wt%活性当量水溶性农药和1至8wt%活性当量水不溶性农业化学品。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,水溶性农药包含至少一种除草剂且水不溶性农业化学品包含至少一种杀真菌剂、杀虫剂或除草剂、或其组合。在特别优选的实施方案中,水溶性农药包含至少一种除草剂且水不溶性农业化学品包含至少一种杀真菌剂。
本发明范围之内的水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品的组合的实例包括但不限于选自草甘膦、麦草畏、2,4-D、MCPA、喹禾灵、禾草灵和/或草铵膦的水溶性除草剂和选自以下的水不溶性农业化学品:腈嘧菌酯、氟丁酰草胺、苯霜灵、精苯霜灵、糠菌唑、炔草酯、库马磷、敌乐胺、十二环吗啉醋酸盐、四唑酰草胺、高效麦草伏甲酯、高效麦草伏异丙酯、高效麦草伏甲酯、氟咯草酮、氟酰胺、茚草酮、种菌唑、醚菌酯、叶菌唑、啶氧菌酯、唑菌胺酯、戊唑醇、噻吩草胺和/或噻草啶。一种优选的实施方案包括与糠菌唑、种菌唑、叶菌唑、啶氧菌酯、唑菌胺酯和/或戊唑醇组合的草甘膦。
表面活性剂
一般,为水不溶性农业化学品的溶解提供所需效力增强和溶剂化性质的任何两亲性表面活性剂、或两亲性表面活性剂的组合适合于本发明的实践。已发现,非常宽范围的阳离子、非离子、阴离子和两性表面活性剂适合于本发明的实践。已发现酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂(下述)具有特别优选的溶剂化性质。
出于很多理由,使水不溶性农业化学品溶解到表面活性剂组分中是有利的。例如,溶解能够制备稳定的SC组合物而不需有机溶剂,且制备具有与现有技术组合物相比减少的溶剂含量的ME组合物。因为水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质呈现,沉降、结晶和/或与组合物的相分离可减少或避免。
此外,很多水不溶性农业化学品如果暴露于水溶性农药的水性载体,可通过水解来降解。如本领域技术人员已知,两亲性表面活性剂包含相反溶解性趋势的组:(i)水溶性(即,亲水性)离子组和(ii)油溶性(即,疏水性)碳链。在一种理论下,不受任何特别理论限制,据信,溶解的水不溶性农业化学品通过疏水作用和溶剂化作用力两者主要与两亲性表面活性剂的疏水性部分相关。作为结果,水不溶性农业化学品的分子主要分配到表面活性剂基质(即疏水性核心)中,由此水不溶性农业化学品通过暴露于水溶性农药的水载体相而不发生水解。
仍进一步,水不溶性农业化学品的溶解在制备本发明组合物中以及在其使用中提供有利方面。可制备水不溶性农业化学品/表面活性剂预混物,其随后与水溶性农药水溶液组合以产生ME和SC组合物。除通过水解来抑制降解之外,还可实现产量和贮存的有利方面,因为牵涉较低体积且溶解速率提高。可选地,对于固体浓缩物实施方案,可将预混物与草甘膦糊剂或固体草甘膦组合以产生固体浓缩物组合物。本发明的水不溶性农业化学品在稀释或溶解后直接分散并且保持在溶液中。
水不溶性农业化学品的表面活性剂的亲和力应该使得水不溶性农业化学品主要溶于且分配于表面活性剂中。一般而言,优选这样的任何表面活性剂,即其在不大于70℃、65℃、60℃、55℃、50℃、45℃、40℃、35℃或甚至30℃的温度下将使水不溶性农业化学品增溶至按重量计5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45或甚至50百分比的浓度。换句话说,优选表面活性剂与以活性当量计的水不溶性农业化学品的重量比为20:1、15:1、10:1、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1、1.5:1或甚至1:1以及因此例如2:1至10:1或2:1至5:1的范围。优选的是,增溶的水不溶性农业化学品在25℃、20℃、15℃或甚至10℃或更低的温度下主要保持在溶液中,持续至少1天或1周。
优选本发明组合物中的总表面活性剂载量为约2至约20wt%。优选水溶性农药(a.e.计)与总表面活性剂的重量比为约1:1至约20:1,更优选约2:1至约10:1,进一步更优选约3:1至约6:1。
本领域技术人员将容易地能够使用本领域已知的用于评价溶解度的试验程序来确定特定表面活性剂和水不溶性农业化学品组合是否符合分配和增溶标准。
一种此类试验程序使用差示扫描热量法(DSC)以确定表面活性剂对水不溶性农业化学品的熔解/溶解温度的影响。DSC分析方法对本领域技术人员而言是熟知的。一般,测量样品温度作为热流的函数。熔点/溶解点由来自线性响应的热流曲线的偏差表明。DSC可用于分析水不溶性农业化学品的混合物或其组合以及表面活性剂或表面活性剂掺混物以便可靠地预测任何特定组合是否可适合于本发明的实践。已发现,溶解温度小于水不溶性农业化学品的熔点且在优选范围之内的表面活性剂和水不溶性除草剂组合通常是适合的。
代表性DSC曲线描述于图2-21中。例如,图14描述了戊唑醇与乙氧基化椰油胺(2EO)表面活性剂中的40%和65wt%戊唑醇的组合的熔化/溶解温度。戊唑醇熔点为约109℃且40wt%和65wt%组合的熔化/溶解温度分别为71℃和91℃。图16描述了精喹禾灵与C6-9酰胺基丙基二甲胺表面活性剂(ARMEENAPA9)中的40%和65wt%精喹禾灵的组合的熔化/溶解温度。精喹禾灵熔点为约80℃且40wt%和65wt%组合的熔化/溶解温度分别为63℃和69℃。
基于迄今为止的DSC试验证据,据信,水不溶性农业化学品在表面活性剂类别例如阳离子、非离子或阴离子表面活性剂中的熔化/溶解行为没有显著差异。进一步认为,不管表面活性剂类别如何,一些水不溶性农业化学品的熔化/溶解行为基本上是相同的,而一些其它水不溶性农业化学品的行为可随表面活性剂类别而变化。仍进一步认为,水不溶性农业化学品的熔化/溶解温度降低,如其浓度相对于表面活性剂而减少。
另一种确定特定表面活性剂和水不溶性农业化学品组合是否满足分配和溶解标准的试验程序包含以下步骤。一种或多种水不溶性农业化学品和一种或多种表面活性剂以所需农药浓度例如10、20或30wt%活性当量制备。将混合物在搅拌下加热直至混合物澄清,因此指示农药溶解。然后将混合物冷却至约20℃至约25℃,且观察澄明度以确定水不溶性农业化学品保持在溶液中。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含选自烷氧基化叔胺、烷氧基化季胺、或其组合的表面活性剂。
用于本发明组合物的烷氧基化叔胺表面活性剂具有一般结构(I):
其中R1是在分子族内具有约4至约22个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烃基或取代的烃基,每个R2独立地是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基,每个R3独立地是氢或C1-6烷基,且x和y的值是约1至约50的平均值。
R1优选是约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约22个碳原子、且进一步更优选约10至约20个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烷基,例如椰油基、牛油基、油基和硬脂基。R2优选是亚乙基或亚丙基。R3优选是氢。x和y的和优选是约1至约25的平均值。
本发明组合物中使用的具体烷氧基化叔胺表面活性剂包括,例如EthomeenT/12、EthomeenT/15、EthomeenT/20、EthomeenT/25、EthomeenT/30、EthomeenT/60、EthomeenHT/12、EthomeenHT/40、EthomeenHT/60、EthomeenC/12、EthomeenC/15、EthomeenC/25、EthomeenO/12、EthomeenOV/17、EthomeenS/12、EthomeenS/17和EthomeenS/22,各自可由AkzoNobel获得。
本发明组合物中使用的烷氧基化季胺表面活性剂具有一般结构(II):
其中R1、R2、R3、x和y如上文对于结构(I)的烷氧基化叔胺表面活性剂所述。R4优选是具有1至约4个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,更优选是甲基。X是电荷平衡抗衡阴离子,尤其例如硫酸根、氯离子、溴离子、硝酸根。
R1优选是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约22个碳原子、且进一步更优选约10至约20个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烷基,例如椰油基、牛油基、油基和硬脂基。R2优选是亚乙基或亚丙基。R3优选是氢。R4优选是甲基。x和y的和优选是约1至约25的平均值。
本发明组合物中使用的具体烷氧基化季胺表面活性剂包括,例如EthoquadO/12、EthoquadT/12、EthoquadT/15、EthoquadT/20、EthoquadT/25、EthoquadHT/25、EthoquadC/12、EthoquadC/15和EthoquadC/25,各自可由AkzoNobel获得。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含选自烷氧基化叔醚胺表面活性剂、烷氧基化季醚胺表面活性剂、及其组合的表面活性剂。
本发明组合物中使用的烷氧基化叔醚胺表面活性剂具有一般结构(III):
其中R1是在分子族内具有约4至约22个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烃基或取代的烃基;R2和R3各自独立地是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基;每个R4独立地是氢或C1-6烷基,m是约1至约10的平均数;且x和y的和优选是约1至约60的平均值。
R1优选是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约22个碳原子、且进一步更优选约10至约20个碳原子的平均值的烷基,例如椰油基、牛油基、油基和硬脂基。R1基团的来源包括,例如,椰油基或牛油基,或R1可衍生自合成烃基,例如癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基基团。数字m优选是约1至5、例如2至3。R2和R3优选独立地是亚乙基、亚丙基、亚异丙基,且优选是亚乙基。R4优选是氢。x和y的和优选是约1至约25的平均值。实例是可由HuntsmanPetrochemicalCorporation得到的SURFONICAGM550,其中R1是C12-14,R2是异丙基,R3是亚乙基,R4是氢,m是2且x和y的和是5。
本发明组合物中使用的具体烷氧基化叔醚胺表面活性剂包括,例如,TOMAHE-系列表面活性剂,例如TOMAHE-14-2、TOMAHE-14-5、TOMAHE-17-2、TOMAHE-17-5、TOMAHE-19-2、TOMAHE-18-2、TOMAHE-18-5、TOMAHE-18-15、TOMAHE-S-2、TOMAHE-S-15、TOMAHE-T-2、TOMAHE-T-5和TOMAHE-T-15中的任何一种,所有均可由AirProductsandChemicals,Inc获得。
本发明组合物中使用的烷氧基化季醚胺表面活性剂具有一般结构(IV):
其中R1是在分子族内具有约4至约22个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烃基或取代的烃基;R2和R3各自独立地是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基;每个R4独立地是氢或C1-6烷基;m是约1至约10的平均数;且x和y的和优选是约1至约60的平均值。R5优选是具有1至约4个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,更优选是甲基。A是电荷平衡抗衡阴离子,尤其例如硫酸根、氯离子、溴离子、硝酸根。
R1优选是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约22个碳原子、且进一步更优选约10至约20个碳原子的平均值的烷基,例如椰油基、牛油基、油基和硬脂基。R1基团的来源包括,例如,椰油基或牛油基,或R1可衍生自合成烃基,例如癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基基团。数字m优选是约1至5、例如2至3。R2和R3可独立地是亚乙基、亚丙基、亚异丙基,且优选是亚乙基。R4优选是氢。R5优选是甲基。x和y的和优选是约1至约25的平均值。
本发明组合物中使用的具体烷氧基化季醚胺表面活性剂包括,例如TOMAHQ-14-2、TOMAHQ-17-2、TOMAHQ-17-5、TOMAHQ-18-2、TOMAHQ-S、TOMAHQ-S-80、TOMAHQ-D-T、TOMAHQ-DT-HG、TOMAHQ-C-15和TOMAHQ-ST-50,所有均可由AirProductsandChemicals,Inc获得。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含具有高烷氧基化度的烷基胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂以及醚胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂的组合。
具有高烷氧基化度的烷基胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂具有结构(I):
其中R1是直链或支链C12至C18烃基基团(例如,牛油基、豆油基、椰油基或油基)、更优选直链或支链C14至C18烃基基团的混合物、进一步更优选直链或支链C16至C18烷基(牛油基)的混合物,每个R2独立地是C1至C4亚烷基、更优选C2,每个R3独立地是氢或C1至C6烷基,优选氢,且在一些实施方案中,x和y是这样的平均数以使x+y在约5至约25、更优选约5至约20、更优选约8至约20、更优选8至约15、且进一步更优选约9至约10的范围内。在其它实施方案中,x和y是平均数以使x+y大于5,例如在6至约15、6至约12、或6至约10的范围内。具有高烷氧基化度的适合的烷基胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂的实例包括,并不限于,Berol300(椰油胺5EO)、Berol381(牛油胺15EO)、Berol391(牛油胺5EO)、Berol397(椰油胺15EO)、Berol398(椰油胺11EO)、Berol498(牛油胺10EO)、EthomeenC/15(椰油胺5EO)、EthomeenC/25(椰油胺15EO)、EthomeenT/15(牛油胺5EO)、EthomeenT/20(牛油胺10EO)、EthomeenT/19(牛油胺9EO)、EthomeenT/25(牛油胺15EO)、WitcamineTAM-105(牛油胺10EO)、WitcamineTAM-80(牛油胺8EO)、WitcamineTAM-60(牛油胺6EO),所有均可由AkzoNobel获得。
醚胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂具有结构(III):
其中R1是直链或支链C6至C22烃基基团(例如,牛油基、豆油基、椰油基或油基)、更优选直链或支链C12至C18烷基的混合物、更优选直链或支链C12至C16烷基的混合物、更优选直链或支链C12至C14烷基的混合物,R2是C1至C4亚烷基、更优选C3亚烷基,m是1至约10、更优选约1至约5、且进一步更优选约2的平均数,R3是C1至C4亚烷基、更优选C2,x和y是平均数以使x+y在2至约60、优选约2至约20、约5至约15、约2至约10、约5至约10、更优选约5的范围内,且每个R4独立地是氢或C1至C6烷基,优选氢。当与水溶性除草剂草甘膦钾组合时,x和y是平均数以使x+y在约5至约8的范围内。当与草甘膦的水溶性盐(不是钾盐)组合时,x和y是平均数以使x+y在约5至约8的范围内。适合的醚胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂的实例包括,并不限于,TomamineE-14-2(二-(2-羟基乙基)异癸基氧基丙胺)、TomamineE-14-5(聚-(5)氧乙烯异癸基氧基丙胺)、TomamineE-17-2(二-(2-羟基乙基)异三癸基氧基丙胺)、TomamineE-17-5(聚(5)氧乙烯异三癸基氧基丙胺)、TomamineE-19-2(二-(2-羟基乙基)直链烷基氧基丙胺),所有均可由AirProducts获得,而SurfonicAGM-550(其中对于结构(III),R1是C12-14,R2是异丙基,R3是C2,R4是氢,m是2,且x和y的和是5)可由Huntsman获得。
醚胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂与具有高烷氧基化度的烷基胺烷氧基化物表面活性剂的重量比为约90:10至约10:90、优选约80:20至约40:60、更优选约80:20至约50:50。在一些优选的实施方案中,比率不大于约70:30,例如约70:30至约50:50。草甘膦a.e.与总表面活性剂的重量比为约1:1至约6:1,优选为约3:1至约5:1,更优选为约4:1至约4.5:1。优选的比率通常基于最佳的生物和成本性能之间的平衡。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含具有一般结构(V)的单-烷氧基化叔胺表面活性剂:
其中R1和R2各自独立地是在分子族内具有约4至约22个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烃基或取代的烃基,R3是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基,R4是氢或C1-6烷基,且y是约1至约25的平均值。
R1和R2优选是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约22个碳原子、且进一步更优选约10至约20个碳原子的平均值的烷基,例如椰油基、牛油基、油基和硬脂基。R3优选是亚乙基或亚丙基。R4优选是氢。
本发明组合物中使用的单-烷氧基化季胺表面活性剂具有一般结构(VI):
其中R1、R2和R3各自独立地是在分子族内具有约4至约22个碳原子的平均碳原子数的烃基或取代的烃基,R4是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基,R5是氢或C1-6烷基,且y是约1至约25的平均值。X是电荷平衡抗衡阴离子,尤其例如硫酸根、氯离子、溴离子、硝酸根。
R1、R2和R3优选是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约22个碳原子、且进一步更优选约10至约20个碳原子的平均值的烷基,例如椰油基、牛油基、油基和硬脂基。R4优选是亚乙基或亚丙基。R5优选是氢。
在一些实施方案中,将水不溶性农业化学品溶解于包含衍生的糖表面活性剂和胺氧化物表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分中。在衍生的糖表面活性剂中,优选的类别包括烷基多糖;糖的烷基酯和烷氧基化烷基酯;糖胺;硅酮官能化的糖衍生物;及其混合物。在其中存在衍生的糖表面活性剂的混合物的一些实施方案中,表面活性剂混合物主要包含一种或多种烷基多糖。
在一些实施方案中,适用于本发明组合物的烷基多糖表面活性剂主要包含一种或多种化学稳定的表面活性剂,其具有结构(VII):
H[(R1-(XR2)m-)x-(NR3)n-(R8O)p-(R4)q-(NR5R6-(CH2)r)s-(NR7)t(sug)uOH]v[A]w
结构(VII)
关于结构(VII),R1是直链或支链取代的或未取代的亚烃基,选自烷基、烯基、烷基苯基、烯基苯基。每个X独立地是醚、硫醚、亚砜、酯、硫酯或酰胺键合,每个R2独立地是C2-6亚烃基,m是0至约8的平均数,且x是0至约6的平均数。R1-(XR2)m中的碳原子的总数是约8至约24。R8独立地是C2-C4亚烷基且p是0至约12的平均数。R3是氢或C1-4烃基且n是0或1。R4是C1-4烃基或亚烃基且q是0或1。R5和R6独立地是氢或C1-4烃基,r是0至4且s是0或1。R7是氢或C1-4烃基且t是0或1。A是阴离子实体,且v是1至3的整数且w是0或1以维持电中性。
进一步关于结构(VII),sug部分是糖残基,且可以是开放或环状(即,吡喃糖)结构。糖可以是具有5或6个碳原子的单糖、二糖、寡糖或多糖。适合的糖部分(包括其相应的吡喃糖形式)的实例包括核糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、telose、葡萄糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、艾杜糖、来苏糖、核酮糖、山梨糖(脱水山梨糖醇)、果糖及其混合物。适合的二糖的实例包括麦芽糖、乳糖和蔗糖。二糖类、寡糖类和多糖可以是两种或更多种相同多糖的组合,例如麦芽糖(两个葡萄糖)或两种或更多种不同的糖例如蔗糖(葡萄糖和果糖的组合)。聚合度u是1至约10、1至约8、1至约5、1至约3和1至约2的平均数。
仍进一步关于结构(VII),其中R1是疏水性基团,且m、n、p、q、s和t是0,R1通常连接在sug1-位,但可连接在2-、3-或4-位,而不是1-位(由此得到,例如与糖苷或半乳糖苷相对的葡萄糖基或半乳糖基)。对于二糖和寡糖类,另外的糖单元通常连接于前述糖单元的2-位,但可存在通过3-位、4-位和6-位的连接。
任选地,衍生的糖表面活性剂是具有式(VIII)的烷基多糖表面活性剂:
R11-O-(sug)u结构(VIII)
其中R11是具有约4至约22个碳原子、优选4至18个碳原子的直链或支链取代的或未取代的烃基,选自烷基、烯基、烷基苯基、烯基苯基,且其中sug和u如上所定义。如本领域技术人员所已知,如结构(VIII)中所述,R11连接于sug氧。在各种特定实施方案中,多糖表面活性剂可以是结构(VIII)的烷基聚葡糖苷,其中:R11是优选具有4至22个碳原子、更优选8至18个碳原子的支链或直链烷基基团,或具有给定范围内的平均值的烷基基团的混合物;sug是葡萄糖残基(例如,葡萄糖);且u为1至约5,且更优选1至约3。
结构(VIII)的表面活性剂的实例是本领域已知的。代表性表面活性剂示于下表II中,其中对于每种表面活性剂sug是葡萄糖残基。
表II:
商标名 | R11 | u |
APG 225 | C8-12烷基 | 1.7 |
APG 325 | C9-11烷基 | 1.5 |
APG 425 | C8-16烷基 | 1.6 |
APG 625 | C12-16烷基 | 1.6 |
GLUCOPON 600 | C12-16烷基 | 1.4 |
PLANTAREN 600 | C12-14烷基 | 1.3 |
PLANTAREN 1200 | C12-16烷基 | 1.4 |
PLANTAREN 1300 | C12-16烷基 | 1.6 |
PLANTAREN 2000 | C8-16烷基 | 1.4 |
Agrimul PG 2076 | C8-10烷基 | 1.5 |
Agrimul PG 2067 | C8-10烷基 | 1.7 |
Agrimul PG 2072 | C8-16烷基 | 1.6 |
Agrimul PG 2069 | C9-11烷基 | 1.6 |
Agrimul PG 2062 | C12-16烷基 | 1.4 |
Agrimul PG 2065 | C12-16烷基 | 1.6 |
BEROL AG6202 | 2-乙基-1-己基 |
一般结构(VIII)的一种此类表面活性剂具有以下结构(VIIIA):
其中n为聚合度且通常为1至3、例如1至2的范围内,且R1是具有4至18个碳原子的支链或直链烷基基团或具有给定范围的平均值的烷基基团的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,衍生的糖是糖、二糖、寡糖或多糖的脂肪酸酯,如结构(IXA)或(IXB)中所述:
(sug)u-(OC(O)R21)x结构(IXA)
(sug)u(C(O)-OR21)x结构(IXB)
其中:sug如上所定义;R21是具有约4至约22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或烯基基团;u是1至约10;且x是具有约1至约5、例如1.5的平均数的u的倍数。优选是蔗糖或脱水山梨糖醇sug单位,R21具有约8至约18个碳,u=1,且x=约1至约5。实例包括脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯(Emsorb2515)、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(Emsorb2500)、脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯(Emsorb2503)、脱水山梨糖醇倍半氧化物(Emsorb2502)。
在其它实施方案中,衍生的糖是糖、二糖、寡糖或多糖的烷氧基化脂肪酸酯,如结构(X)中所述:
(sug)u[-(OR31)xR32]y[-(OR31)xOH)(-(OR31)xR33)]z
结构(X)
其中:sug如上所定义;每个R31独立地是具有2至约4个碳原子的烷基;每个R32独立地选自-OH和-OC(O)R34;R33是-OC(O)R34;且每个R34独立地选自具有约4至约22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或烯基基团;u是约1至约10、例如1.5或3的平均数;每个x独立地是约0至约20且总x为1至约60;当u大于1时,总x是u的倍数;y是具有为0至约5,例如1.5的平均数的倍增因子的u的倍数;且z是平均数以使z约等于u。优选是:蔗糖、葡萄糖或脱水山梨糖醇sug单位;u=约1;x=约1至约20且总x为约1至约60;R31具有两个碳原子;R32为-OH或-OC(O)R34;且R34为具有约8至约18个碳原子的烷基或烯基部分;y=约1至约4;且z=u。
一个优选的实施例于下面结构(XI)中所述:
其中sug是脱水山梨糖醇,每个R32是-OH,R33是具有约6至约20个碳的烷基或烯基,且d、e、f和g的和为约1至约50。符合式(5)的实例包括聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯(AGNIQUESML-20-U;TWEEN20)、聚氧乙烯(5)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(AGNIQUESMO-5)、聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(AGNIQUESMO-20-U;TWEEN80);和聚氧乙烯(30)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(AGNIQUESMO-30)。其它优选的实例符合式(5),其中sug是脱水山梨糖醇,每个R32是-OC(O)R34,R33和R34各自是具有约6至约20个碳的直链或支链烷基或烯基,且d、e、f和g的和为约1至约50。实例包括聚氧乙烯(16)脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯(AGNIQUESTS-16)、聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯(AGNIQUESTS-20)、聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯(TWEEN85;AGNIQUESTO-2095)。
在另外其它实施方案中,衍生的糖表面活性剂具有结构(XII):
R41-(NR42)n-(sug)u结构(XII)
其中R41是约4至约22个碳原子的直链或支链取代的或未取代的烃基(选自烷基、烯基、烷基苯基、烯基苯基),R42是氢或C1-4烃基,sug如上述所定义,n和u如上述所定义。结构(XII)的化合物的实例是葡糖胺,其中R41是C8H17烃基,n和u为约1,R42是氢,且sug是开放或环状葡萄糖。实例是结构(XIIa)的环状葡糖胺衍生物:
在上述实施方案的其它变型中,一个或多个存在于衍生的糖表面活性剂中的羟基基团被对改善诸如溶解度和增效能力的特征起作用的基团取代。
例如,本发明的组合物可包含硅酮官能化烷基聚葡糖苷表面活性剂,如O'Lenick等人的美国专利No.6,762,289B1(其内容通过引用并入本文)中所述,其中2至5个存在烷基多糖表面活性剂中的sug基团上的羟基基团与有机硅氧烷反应以产生表现出增强的水溶性的硅酮-官能化烷基多糖表面活性剂。硅酮-官能化表面活性剂由化学结构(XIII)所示:
R51-(sug)u(O-有机硅氧烷)z结构(XIII)
其中R51表示具有8至约22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或烯基,sug和u如上所定义,且z是约2至约5的平均数。每个有机硅氧烷取代基可含有1至约1000个硅酮原子,所述有机硅氧烷任选地进一步被直链或支链烷基、烯基或烷氧基基团取代。
在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含胺氧化物表面活性剂。一般而言,胺氧化物表面活性剂包含通过氮-碳键键合至胺氧化物氮的氧化烯或聚氧化烯基团,其中所述氧化烯或聚氧化烯链的外端通过醚键合用烃基基团封端。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的胺氧化物表面活性剂具有对应于通过碳-氮键连接至胺氧化物基团的式R1-(XR2)m-(OR3)n-Z-的基团,其中R1是包含约6至约22个碳原子的烃基,R2和R3独立地选自包含2至4个碳原子的亚烷基基团,Z是碳-氮键或包含约2至约6个碳原子的氧化亚烃基基团,每个X独立地是醚、硫醚、亚砜、酯、硫酯或酰胺键合,m是0至约9的平均数,n是0至约5的平均数且m+n≥1。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含烷基胺氧化物表面活性剂,所述烷基胺氧化物表面活性剂包含由式(XIV)所示的疏水性部分和亲水性部分:
其中R1是C1-22直链或支链烃基;每个X独立地是醚、硫醚、亚砜、酯、硫酯或酰胺键合;每个R2独立地是C2-6亚烷基;每个R3和R4独立地是C2-4亚烷基;且R5和R6独立地是氢、C1-4烷基或C2-4酰基;x和y是平均数以使x和y的和为2至约60、更优选约2至约40、更优选约2至约20;m是0至约9;且n是0至约5、更优选约1至约5、进一步更优选约1至约3且当n不是0时或当m不是0且X是醚时,胺氧化物表面活性剂被称为醚胺氧化物;且m+n优选为至少1。R1优选为C6-22烃基、更优选C8-18烷基、芳基或烷芳基。在一些实施方案中,m是0。当m和n是0,且R5和R6是H时,R1是C9-22。R3和R4优选为乙基、正丙基或异丙基。在一些实施方案中,R1是直链或支链C8-18烷基、芳基或烷芳基,且m是0。在一些其它实施方案中,R1是直链或支链C8-18烷基,R3是乙基、正丙基或异丙基,n是1至约3,R4是亚乙基,x和y的和是2至约20,且R5和R6是氢。在一些其它实施方案中,表面活性剂包括本领域已知的或被本文称为"烷基醚二甲基胺氧化物"(其中n是1-5,x和y是0,且R5和R6是甲基)和某些"聚氧化烯烷基醚胺氧化物"(其中n是1-5,x+y是2或以上,且R5和R6是氢)的商业表面活性剂。
一类有用的烷基胺氧化物表面活性剂公开于美国专利No.5,750,468(其内容通过引用并入本文)中,适合于用于制备各种草甘膦盐的水溶液浓缩物组合物,钾盐包括于所提及的盐的列表中。本文公开的是,主题表面活性剂当在具有草甘膦盐的含水组合物中使用时的优点是这些表面活性剂允许组合物的草甘膦浓度增加至非常高的水平。美国专利No.5,750,468的表面活性剂主要包含一种或多种具有结构(XV)的表面活性剂:
其中R1是直链或支链C6-22烷基、芳基或烷基芳基基团;n是0至约10、更优选约1至约10的平均数,且当n不是0时胺氧化物表面活性剂被称为醚胺氧化物表面活性剂;每个(O-R2)n基团中的R2独立地是C1-4亚烷基;R3基团独立地是C1-4亚烷基;且x和y是平均数以使x+y是2至约60的范围。当n是0时,R1是直链或支链C9-22烷基。结构(XV)的胺氧化物的实例是来自TomahProducts的称为AO-14-2的表面活性剂,其中R1是异癸基,R2是正丙基,R3是乙基,n是1,且x+y是2。
关于结构(XV),芳基基团(如R1中存在)具有5-7个、优选6个碳原子且可以或不可以被取代。任何包含R1的烷基芳基基团中的烷基部分具有1-16个碳原子。此类烷基芳基基团的实例是烷基苯基,例如壬基苯基。
进一步关于结构(XV),优选的是,R1是具有约8至约18个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团。与氮原子最接近的R2取代基(邻近的R2基团)优选为亚正丙基、亚异丙基或亚乙基基团。当邻近R2基团是亚正丙基时,n优选为1。当邻近R2基团为亚异丙基或亚乙基时,n优选为1至5、更优选2至3的范围,且所有R2基团优选为相同的。优选实例中的R3取代基独立地选自亚异丙基和亚乙基,更优选为亚乙基。在一些实施方案中,x+y优选为2至20、2至10、或甚至2至5的范围。
在又一个替代方案中,胺氧化物表面活性剂主要包含一种或多种具有结构(XVI)的表面活性剂:
其中R1是直链或支链C6-22烷基或芳基或烷基芳基基团;n是0至10、优选1至约10的平均数且当n不是0时胺氧化物表面活性剂被称为醚胺氧化物表面活性剂;R2、R3和R4独立地是C1-4亚烷基;且x和y是平均值以使x+y为2至约60的范围。当n是0时,R1是直链或支链C9-22烷基。式(XVIII)的胺氧化物的实例是来自AkzoNobel的称为C6602的表面活性剂,其中R1是C12,n是0,R3是乙基,R4是正丙基,x=9且y=2。
关于结构(XVI),芳基基团(如在R1中存在)具有5-7个、优选6个碳原子且可以或不可以被部分取代。烷基部分是包含R1的具有1-16个碳原子的任何烷基芳基基团。此类烷基芳基基团的实例是烷基苯基,例如壬基苯基。
进一步关于结构(XVI),优选的是,R1是具有约8至约18个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,且衍生自相应的醇。与氮原子最接近的R2取代基(邻近的R2基团)优选为亚正丙基、亚异丙基或亚乙基基团。当邻近R2基团是亚正丙基时,n优选为1。当邻近R2基团为亚异丙基或亚乙基时,n优选为1至5、更优选2至3的范围,且所有R2基团优选为相同的。优选实例中的R3和R4取代基独立地选自亚异丙基和亚乙基,更优选为亚乙基。在一些实施方案中,x+y优选为2至20、2至10、或甚至2至5的范围。
在另一个实施方案中,一类胺氧化物表面活性剂由结构(XVII)所示:
其中R1是直链或支链C6-22烷基、芳基或烷基芳基基团;n是0至约10的平均数且当n不是0时胺氧化物被称为醚胺氧化物;R2和R3独立地是C1-4亚烷基;R4是氢或C1-4烷基;R5是C1-4烷基;且x和y是平均数以使x+y为2至约60的范围。
在一些实施方案中,一类醚胺氧化物表面活性剂由结构(XVIII)所示:
其中R1是具有1至约30碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是C2-C4亚烷基;R3是具有2至约6个碳原子的亚烃基或取代的亚烃基;R4和R5各自独立地是氢、具有1至约30碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,-(R6)n-(R2O)yR7;R6是含有1至约6个碳原子的亚烃基或取代的亚烃基,R7是氢或具有1至约4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,n是0或1,且x和y独立地是1至约60的平均数。在该上下文中,优选的R1、R4、R5和R6烃基(亚烃基)基团包括直链或支链烷基(亚烷基)、直链或支链烯基(亚烯基)、直链或支链炔基(亚炔基)、芳基(亚芳基)或芳烷基(亚芳烷基)基团。优选,R1是具有约8至约25碳原子的直链或支链烷基或直链或支链烯基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是C2-C4亚烷基,R3是具有2至约6个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基或亚烯基基团,R4和R5各自独立地是具有1至约6个碳原子的氢或直链或支链烷基基团,且x是1至约30的平均数。更优选地,R1是具有约12至约22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是亚乙基或亚丙基,R3是2至约6个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基或亚烯基基团,R4和R5各自独立地是氢、甲基或三(羟基甲基)甲基,且x是约2至约30的平均数。进一步更优选地,R1是具有约12至约18个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是亚乙基或亚丙基,R3是亚乙基、亚丙基或2-羟基亚丙基基团,R4和R5各自独立地是氢或甲基,且x是约4至约20的平均数。更优选地,R1是具有约12至约18个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是亚乙基或亚丙基,R3是亚乙基、亚丙基或2-羟基亚丙基基团,R4和R5是甲基,且x是约4至约20的平均数。
可将水不溶性农业化学品组分溶解于表面活性剂组分中,所述表面活性剂组分包含一种或多种酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂。酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂具有一般结构(XIX):
其中R1是具有1至约22个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,R2和R3各自独立地是具有1至约6个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,且R4是具有1至约6个碳原子的亚烃基或取代的亚烃基。
R1优选为烷基或取代的烷基,其具有约4至约20个碳原子的平均值、优选约4至约18个碳原子的平均值、更优选约4至约12碳原子的平均值、更优选约5至约12碳原子的平均值,甚至更优选约6至约12碳原子的平均值、且进一步更优选约6至约10碳原子的平均值的碳原子。R1烷基基团可衍生自提供具有约4至约18个碳原子的烷基基团的多种来源,例如所述来源可以是丁酸、戊酸、辛酸、癸酸、椰油(主要包含月桂酸)、肉豆蔻酸(来自例如棕榈油)、豆油(主要包含亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸)或牛油(主要包含棕榈酸、油酸和硬脂酸)。在一些实施方案中,酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂组分可包含具有约5个碳原子至约12个碳原子的不同长度烷基链的酰胺基烷基胺的掺混物。例如,取决于R1烷基基团的来源,酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂组分可包含具有为5个碳原子长度、6个碳原子长度、7个碳原子长度、8个碳原子长度、9个碳原子长度、10个碳原子长度、11个碳原子长度和12个碳原子长度、更长碳链及其组合的R1基团的表面活性剂的掺混物。在其它实施方案中,酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂组分可包含具有为5个碳原子长度、6个碳原子长度、7个碳原子长度和8个碳原子长度的R1基团的表面活性剂的掺混物。在一些替代实施方案中,酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂组分可包含具有为6个碳原子长度、7个碳原子长度、8个碳原子长度、9个碳原子长度和10个碳原子长度的R1基团的表面活性剂的掺混物。在其它实施方案中,酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂组分可包含具有为8个碳原子长度、9个碳原子长度、10个碳原子长度、11个碳原子长度和12碳原子长度的R1基团的表面活性剂的掺混物。
R2和R3独立地是具有1至约4个碳原子的优选烷基或取代的烷基。R2和R3最优选独立地是具有1至约4个碳原子的烷基,且最优选是甲基。R4优选为具有1至约4个碳原子的亚烷基或取代的亚烷基。R4最优选是具有1至约4个碳原子的亚烷基,且最优选亚正丙基。
在一个优选的酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂中,R1是C6-12,即具有6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子、10个碳原子、11个碳原子、12个碳原子或这些中的任一种的掺混物,即约6个碳原子至约12个碳原子的烷基基团;R2和R3各自是甲基;且R4是亚正丙基(即,C6-10酰胺基丙基二甲胺)。一些商业酰胺基烷基胺表面活性剂的实例包括AdseeC80W、ArmeenAPA810和ArmeenAPA9,其中"APA'是指酰胺基丙基烷基胺。
在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含烷氧基化醇表面活性剂。
本发明的烷氧基化醇表面活性剂可具有一般结构(XX):
R1-O——(R2O)nR3结构(XX)
其中R1是具有约4至约22个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;R2是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基(例如,亚乙基、亚丙基或亚异丙基);R3是氢或C1-6烷基;且n是约2至约50的平均值。
R1优选为具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约18个碳原子、且进一步更优选约12至约18个碳原子的烷基基团。R1可以是支链或直链。优选地,R1是直链的。R1烷基基团可衍生自提供具有约4至约22个碳原子的烷基基团的多种来源,例如所述来源可以是丁酸、戊酸、辛酸、癸酸、椰油(主要包含月桂酸)、肉豆蔻酸(来自例如棕榈油)、豆油(主要包含亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸)或牛油(主要包含棕榈酸、油酸和硬脂酸)。R1基团的来源包括,例如,椰油基或牛油基,或R1可衍生自合成烃基,例如癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基基团。烷氧基化醇表面活性剂族中的R1烷基链通常包含具有不同长度例如平均12至16个碳长度、或16至18个碳长度的烷基链。更优选地,R1烷基链主要包含12至16个碳原子。R2优选为亚乙基。R3优选是氢。n值优选为约2至约30个、更优选约2至约20个、甚至更优选约2至约10的平均值。
本发明组合物中使用的具体烷氧基化醇表面活性剂包括,例如,可由AkzoNobel得到的Ethylans,例如Ethylan1005、Ethylan1008和Ethylan6830;也可由AkzoNobel得到的Berols,尤其例如Berol048、Berol050、Berol175、Berol185、Berol260、Berol266和Berol84;可由ICI表面活性剂得到的Brij30、35、76、78、92、97或98;可由UnionCarbide得到的Tergitol15-S-3、15-S-5、15-S-7、15-S-9、15-S-12、15-S-15或15-S-20;或可由Huntsman得到的SurfonicL24-7、L12-8、L-5、L-9、LF-17或LF-42。
可用作组合物的稳定系统的组分的阴离子表面活性剂包括,并不限于,C8-20烷基羧酸酯(包括脂肪酸)、C8-20醇硫酸酯、烷氧基化叔胺磷酸酯、烷氧基化醚胺磷酸酯、烷氧基化醇磷酸酯例如C8-20醇磷酸单酯和二酯、C8-20醇和(C8-20烷基)酚聚氧乙烯醚羧酸酯、硫酸酯和磺酸酯、C8-20醇和(C8-20烷基)酚聚氧乙烯磷酸单酯和二酯、C8-20烷基苯磺酸酯、萘磺酸酯和其甲醛浓缩物、木质素磺酸酯、C8-20烷基磺基琥珀酸酯和磺基琥珀酰胺酸酯。C8-20烷基聚氧乙烯磺基琥珀酸酯和磺基琥珀酰胺酸酯和C8-20酰基谷氨酸酯、肌氨酸酯、羟乙基磺酸酯和牛磺酸酯。
在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含选自烷氧基化叔胺磷酸酯表面活性剂或烷氧基化醚胺磷酸酯表面活性剂的表面活性剂。
本发明组合物中使用的烷氧基化叔胺磷酸酯表面活性剂具有一般结构(XXIa)和(XXIb):
其中每个R1独立地是具有约4至约22个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基,R2和R3各自独立地是亚烃基具有2、3或4个碳原子(例如亚乙基、亚丙基或亚异丙基),每个x和y基团的和是约2至约60的平均值,且R4和R5各自独立地是氢或具有1至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烃基或取代的烃基。
每个R1优选独立地是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约18个碳原子、且进一步更优选约12至约18个碳原子的烷基,例如椰油或牛油。R1最优选为牛油。每个R2和R3优选为亚乙基。每个x和y基团的和优选独立地是约2至约22、更优选约10至约20、例如约15的平均值。更优选R4和R5各自独立地是氢或具有1至约6个碳原子的的直链或支链烷基。R4和R5优选是氢。
本发明组合物中使用的具体的烷氧基化叔胺磷酸酯表面活性剂描述于由Lewis等人(HuntsmanPetrochemicalCorporation)的U.S.2002/0160918,例如牛油胺乙氧基化的磷酸酯,包括T5的磷酸酯、T15的磷酸酯、T20的磷酸酯、及其混合物,所有均可由HuntsmanInternationalLLC获得。
本发明组合物中使用的烷氧基化醚胺磷酸酯表面活性剂具有一般结构(XXIIa)和(XXIIb):
其中每个R1独立地是具有约4至约22个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;每个R2、R3和R4独立地是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基(例如,亚乙基、亚丙基或亚异丙基);每个m独立地是约1至约10的平均数;每个x和y基团的和独立地是约2至约60的平均值;且每个R5和R6独立地是氢或具有1至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。
每个R1优选独立地是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约18个碳原子、约10至约16个碳原子、约12至约18个碳原子或约12至约14个碳原子的烷基。R1基团的来源包括,例如,椰油基或牛油基,或R1可衍生自合成烃基,例如癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基基团。每个R2可独立地是亚丙基、亚异丙基或亚乙基,且每个m优选独立地是约1至5、例如2至3。每个R3和R4可独立地是亚乙基、亚丙基、亚异丙基,且优选是亚乙基。每个x和y基团的和优选独立地是约2至约22、例如约2至10、或约2至5的平均值。在一些实施方案中,每个x和y基团的和优选独立地为约10至约20,例如约15。更优选R5和R6各自独立地是氢或具有1至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。R5和R6优选是氢。
本发明组合物中使用的烷氧基化醇磷酸酯助表面活性剂具有一般结构(XXIIIa)和(XXIIIb):
其中每个R1独立地是具有约4至约22个碳原子的烃基或取代的烃基;每个R2独立地是具有2、3或4个碳原子的亚烃基(例如,亚乙基、亚丙基或亚异丙基);每个m独立地是约1至约60的平均数;且R3和R4各自独立地是氢或具有1至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。
每个R1优选独立地是具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约20个碳原子的烷基、或具有约4至约22个碳原子、更优选约8至约20个碳原子的烷基苯基。R1基团的来源包括,例如,椰油基或牛油基,或R1可衍生自合成烃基,例如癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基或十八烷基基团。每个R2可独立地是亚丙基、亚异丙基或亚乙基,且优选是亚乙基。每个m优选独立地是约9至约15。更优选R3和R4各自独立地是氢或具有1至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。R4和R5优选为氢。
本发明组合物中使用的具体的烷氧基化醇磷酸酯表面活性剂包括,例如,可由AkzoNobel获得的EMPHOSCS-121、EMPHOSPS-400和WITCONATED-51-29。
在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含硅氧烷表面活性剂。硅氧烷表面活性剂符合式(XXIV):
其中x是0至约100的整数或整数的平均,y是1至约30的整数或整数的平均,每个m独立地是1至约20的整数,每个n独立地是1至约30的整数,每个R1、R2和R3基团独立地是氢或C1-6烃基基团,每个R'基团独立地是氢或C1-4烷基基团,且每个R"基团独立地是氢C1-20烃基或酰基基团。在优选的硅氧烷表面活性剂中,x是0至约10的整数或整数的平均、更优选为0或1且最优选为0。在优选的硅氧烷表面活性剂中,y是1至约10的整数或整数的平均,最优选1。优选的是,m是2至6的整数,最优选为3。优选的是,n是约5至约20,其中所有R'基团均是氢。优选的是,R1、R2和R3基团独立地选自氢和C1-4烷基基团,其中特别优选氢和甲基基团。优选的是,R"是氢或C1-4烷基基团,其中又特别优选氢和甲基基团。
式(XXIV)的硅氧烷表面活性剂通常描述于OSiSpecialties,Inc.的产品文献(例如,SILWET表面活性剂,OSiSpecialties,Inc.,Danbury,Conn.,1994),和美国专利No.3,505,377。数种聚氧乙烯三硅氧烷可由OSiSpecialties作为SILWET表面活性共聚物获得。适用作微孔浸渍剂以供本发明实践的实例包括SILWETL-77、SILWET408和SILWET800。另一种适合的微孔浸渍剂是DowCorning的SYLGARD309。
在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含表面活性剂组分,所述表面活性剂组分包含具有结构(XXV)的烷氧基化烷基酚或烷氧基化二烷基酚:
其中R1和R4独立地是氢、或具有1至约30个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团且R1和R4中的至少一种是烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是C2-C4亚烷基,R3是氢、或具有1至约4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,且x是1至约60的平均数。优选地,R1和R4独立地是具有8至约30碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是C2-C4亚烷基,R3是氢、甲基或乙基,且x是约5至约50的平均数。更优选地,R1和R4独立地是具有约8至约22个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是亚乙基或亚丙基,R3是氢或甲基,且x是约8至约40的平均数。甚至更优选地,R1和R4独立地是具有约8至约16个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,每个(R2O)x基团中的R2独立地是亚乙基或亚丙基,R3是氢或甲基,且x是约10至约30的平均数。优选市售可得的烷氧基化二烷基酚包括乙氧基化二壬基酚例如SURFONICDNP100、SURFONICDNP140和SurfonicDNP240(来自Huntsman)。
微乳组合物
本发明的微乳浓缩物组合物包含一种或多种基本水不混溶性有机溶剂,且被表征为具有与本领域已知的微乳组合物相比高水溶性农药和水不溶性农业化学品载量以及减少的溶剂含量。
有机溶剂与水不溶性农业化学品(以活性当量计)的重量比优选小于3:1、2.5:1、2:1、1.5:1、1:1、1:1.5或甚至小于1:2及其范围,例如,1:2至3:1。
溶剂选择一般由包括以下的参数控制:溶剂溶解活性成分的能力、对植物的低植物毒性、与活性成分或乳化剂的非反应性、高闪点、良好的热稳定性、低的人毒性和皮肤刺激性、与包装材料的相容性、和施用装置、以及可用性和成本。适合的溶剂或表面活性剂和溶剂的组合可使用如前文对于表面活性剂所述的测试方法来制备。
因为水不溶性农业化学品至少部分溶解于表面活性剂组分中,所以所需溶剂的量与本领域已知的组合物相比减少。因此,在一些实施方案中,所用溶剂的量小于完全溶解水不溶性农业化学品所需的量。此外,本发明的微乳浓缩物一般在缺少稳定性下稳定。
适合的水不混溶性有机溶剂列于很多手册例如"IndustrialSolventHandbook"第二版,IbertMellanNoyesDataCompany中。适合的溶剂也描述于美国公布No.2004/0132621(其全部内容通过引用并入本文)中。适合的有机溶剂包括非环状(脂族)烃或环状烃。实例包括甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲基苯、乙基苯或具有稠合芳族环系统的烃例如萘类,例如1-甲基萘、2-甲基萘或二甲基萘,或其它稠合芳族烃例如茚满或四氢萘。其它适合的烃包括环脂族化合物,例如任选地被烷基单取代或多取代(例如被(C1-C10)烷基单-、或二-或三取代)的饱和或不饱和环脂族烃例如环烷烃、环烯烃或环炔烃,例如环己烷或甲基环戊烷。另外其它烃包括脂族化合物,例如直链或支链饱和或不饱和脂族烃优选C5-C16-脂族烃,例如烷烃、烯烃或炔烃,例如戊烷、己烷、辛烷、2-甲基丁烷或2,2,4-三甲基戊烷。适合的溶剂的实例包括ARMIXDM810、ARMIX185B、JEFFSOLAG1730、AROMATIC200。
水不混溶性有机溶剂可任选地包括在本发明的SC和干组合物中。
溶液浓缩物
在本发明的一些实施方案中,提供了包含溶解于表面活性剂中的水溶性农业化学品和水不溶性农业化学品的水溶液浓缩物组合物(SL)。几乎所有的水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中,由此形成澄清的SL组合物。本发明的SL组合物的特征在于缺少有效量的有机溶剂,例如基本水不混溶性有机溶剂。
本发明的SL组合物通过在振荡下将水溶性农药的水溶液与水不溶性农业化学品在表面活性剂组分中的溶液组合而形成。
本发明的SL组合物优选具有至少400、450、500或550克活性当量/升的水溶性农药浓度。优选表面活性剂与以活性当量计的水不溶性农业化学品的重量比为20:1、15:1、10:1、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1、1.5:1或甚至1:1以及因此例如2:1至10:1或2:1至5:1的范围。优选约2至约20wt%的总表面活性剂载量。水溶性农药(a.e.计)与总表面活性剂的重量比优选为约1:1至约20:1,更优选为约2:1至约10:1,进一步更优选为约3:1至约6:1。
本发明的SL组合物是贮存稳定的且优选具有不小于约50℃、更优选不小于约60℃的浊点且在暴露于高达约50℃的温度下14-28天后未出现相分离。SL组合物优选具有小于0℃、更优选小于-10℃的结晶点,持续高达约7天而没有晶体生长,即使在缺少晶种下。
在本发明的一个SL实施方案中,水溶性农业化学品是草甘膦盐且水不溶性农业化学品是戊唑醇(参见例如,实施例3中的制剂9)。
悬浮浓缩物
本发明的悬浮浓缩物(SC)组合物包含溶解于表面活性剂中的水不溶性农业化学品的第一部分和作为固体微粒存在的水不溶性农业化学品的第二部分。迄今为止的实验证据显示稳定的SC组合物可在缺少悬浮助剂例如固体微粒下形成。
本发明的SC组合物通过在振荡下将水溶性农药的水溶液与水不溶性农业化学品在表面活性剂组分中的溶液组合而形成。组合后,水不溶性农业化学品的一部分作为细微粒固体从溶液中沉淀。按重量计至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或甚至90%的水不溶性农业化学品保留在表面活性剂的溶液中。据信,微粒表面积和粒度使得微粒形成稳定的悬液或可容易再悬浮的组合物。
尽管不需要本发明的实践,但是稳定量的悬浮助剂可任选地并入本发明的SC组合物中。悬浮助剂优选包含二氧化硅、更优选微粒亲水性气相或沉淀二氧化硅。在本文可用作悬浮助剂的二氧化硅优选具有约100至约300m2/g、更优选约120至约250m2/g且最优选约150至约250m2/g的BET表面积,以及约10至约70g/l、更优选约20至约50g/l的堆密度。
优选二氧化硅的具体实例包括AEROSIL200、DegussaCorporation的无定形亲水性气相二氧化硅和HI-SILT-152、PPGIndustries的未处理的无定形沉淀二氧化硅。AEROSIL200具有175-225m2/g的表面积和约30g/l的堆密度。HI-SILT-152具有约150m2/g的表面积和约48g/l的堆密度。优选地,二氧化硅以约0.05%至约5%、更优选约0.2%至约3%、且最优选约0.5%至约2%的量(以悬浮浓缩物组合物计)使用。
任选组分
本发明组合物还可包含任选组分,包括铵盐例如硫酸铵、硫酸钠、二醇类例如二甘醇或丙二醇,以及消泡剂。
用于制备本发明组合物的工艺
在本发明组合物中,水不溶性农业化学品优选溶解于表面活性剂组分中以在具有组合物的组分的剩余部分的制剂之前形成预混物。对于固体水不溶性农业化学品,平均粒度优选为小于约50、20微米或更优选地,小于约10微米。如果平均粒度大于优选范围,例如约100微米,其对于市售可得的水不溶性农业化学品而言是常见的,则水不溶性农业化学品优选被研磨成优选的粒度。水不溶性农业化学品粉末的研磨可通过将该粉末与水和分散剂例如PlurafloL1060混合以制备可研磨的混合物。可采用常规研磨装置例如Eiger研磨机或其它研磨机将粒子研磨至优选的平均粒度。研磨(如有必要)后,可使用任何本领域已知的适合混合方式例如振荡或超声将水不溶性农业化学品溶解于表面活性剂中。
表面活性剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物一般通过将表面活性剂组分与农业化学品在振荡下和在接近或高于水不溶性农业化学品的熔点的温度下组合来制备。因此,优选用于溶解的约50℃至约110℃的温度范围。在溶解后且在与水溶性农药组合前通常将预混物冷却至约20℃至约50℃。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,表面活性剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物可任选地包含水不混溶性有机溶剂。优选的有机溶剂与水不溶性农业化学品和表面活性剂的比率在前文所述。
水溶性农药预混物通过将使用本领域技术人员已知的溶解方法将水溶性农药溶解于水中来制备。优选水溶性农药浓度为至少400、450、500或550克活性当量/升。
ME和SC组合物通过将表面活性剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物和水溶性农药预混物在适合的容器中在振荡下组合来制备。添加的顺序不是严格限定的,但是一般将表面活性剂预混物添加至水溶性农药预混物中,因为水溶性预混物含有载体相。
在用于制备ME组合物的替代实施方案中,将水不溶性农业化学品溶解于有机溶剂中以形成溶剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物。因此,将溶剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物与水溶性农药预混物和表面活性剂组分在适合的容器中在振荡下组合。任选地,表面活性剂组分可包含表面活性剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物。
被配制成ME浓缩物的本发明组合物优选具有不低于约50℃、更优选不低于约60℃的浊点。高温度储存稳定性通常由约50℃或以上的浊点指示。组合物的浊点通常通过以下步骤来确定:加热组合物直到溶液变得浑浊、然后允许组合物在振荡下冷却,同时连续监控其温度。当溶液变得澄清时所读取的温度读数是浊点的量度。对于大多数商业用途,50℃或以上的浊点通常被认为是可接受的。ME组合物优选在暴露于高达约50℃的温度下14-28天后未出现相分离。ME组合物优选具有小于0℃、更优选小于-10℃的结晶点,持续高达约7天而没有晶体生长,即使在缺少晶种,例如草甘膦盐晶种下。具有上述的浊点、结晶和相分离特征的组合物被称为"贮存稳定的"。
本发明的ME和SC组合物优选被配制成具有这样的粘度以使组合物可用标准体积泵送装置在0℃下以至少7.5加仑每分钟、优选大于10加仑每分钟、进一步更优选大于12.5加仑每分钟的速率泵送。优选地,组合物的粘度在20℃下不大于1000cp。
表面活性剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物可掺入固体草甘膦材料中,所述固体草甘膦材料根据本领域已知的方法例如描述于美国专利No.6,734,142(通过引用并入本文,如同以其整体列出)的方法来制备。本文所述的方法涉及制备干的粒状草甘膦铵组合物。根据本发明的方法,如在图1中所述,在例如用草甘膦酸原料作为形成反应混合物的草甘膦铵盐的组分制备干草甘膦本发明组合物期间和/或在挤出前的混合步骤中的一点或不同点的组合处,预混物可引入到本文所述的工艺中。尽管描述于美国专利No.6,734,142和描述于图1的工艺涉及草甘膦铵,但是其它农药盐落在本发明的范围之内。例如,氢氧化钠可被替换为氨以使将制备草甘膦钠盐的干组合物。此外,其它农药阴离子或阳离子的盐可通过与适合的阳离子或阴离子(例如由碱或酸提供的)反应而形成。因此,尽管提及下文的草甘膦铵,但是本领域技术人员将认识到本发明的干组合物不限于草甘膦铵,并且其它水溶性农药在本发明的范围之内。
制备干的粒状草甘膦铵的工艺通过将微粒草甘膦酸、氨、水和表面活性剂供应至反应器以增强组合物的润滑性来进行。根据本发明的工艺,表面活性剂/水不溶性农业化学品预混物(之后溶液被称为"水不溶性农业化学品预混物")可加至微粒草甘膦酸、水流中和/或可直接加至反应器中。然后将反应混合物的组分混合于反应器中以形成反应物质,其中所述氨与草甘膦酸反应以形成下游可处理的草甘膦铵产物。反应器可以是任何能够将固体与液体材料混合以产生糊剂或比较组合物的装置例如,如食品混合机、行星式混合机、带式掺混机或搅拌机(kneader)。
适合的反应器包含可旋转主轴,其具有一种或多种与主轴共轴的螺纹元件并且为多个呈放射状排列的销和/或浆。主轴旋转时,该组件的螺纹元件引起反应组分在与主轴平行的方法上的整体移动,尽管同时销和/或浆不断地将氨、草甘膦酸、水不溶性农业化学品预混物以及任选的水和有机溶剂混合并且产生大界面。可存在多于一个的此类主轴,它们布置成彼此平行,并且可以相同方向或以相反方向旋转。任选地,可存在靠近反应器输出端的孔口以排出水蒸气、过量氨和(如果加入)挥发性有机溶剂。
在一个实施方案中,混合仪器是连续处理机,其包含具有一个或多个、优选一个或两个、可旋转地布置的如上所述的主轴的细长腔室,在轴线上的每个主轴与腔室的细长方向平行。通过旋转主轴来操作装置将引起:(i)将草甘膦酸和水不溶性农业化学品预混物通过输入端的小孔供应至腔室中;(ii)将成分混合以形成反应物质;(iii)将反应物质和所得的组合物转运至腔室的输出端;以及(iv)排出包含水溶性农药的农药组合物。可通过位于输入端和输出端之间的孔口注入另外的材料例如,水、水不溶性农业化学品-表面活性剂预混物和氨。在一个实施方案中,将水和水不溶性农业化学品-表面活性剂预混物与草甘膦酸在将草甘膦酸供应至反应腔室之前预混合。在另一个实施方案中,将水和水不溶性农业化学品-表面活性剂预混物在供应至反应腔室之前预混合。在另一个实施方案中,将水、水不溶性农业化学品预混物和有机溶剂与草甘膦酸在供应草甘膦酸到反应腔室前预混合。任选地,可存在一个或多个用于排出水蒸气、过量氨和挥发性有机溶剂的孔口;然而,通常优选的是,此类排气仅在其输出端通过用于农药组合物的排放小孔发生。
在草甘膦实施方案中,微粒草甘膦酸可以干粉或湿块形式加至反应器中。优选地,以具有按重量计小于约18%、更优选约5%至约15%、更优选约8%至约15%、且更优选约11%至约13%的水分含量的湿块的形式加入微粒草甘膦酸。如果草甘膦酸以湿块形式提供,则可能有必要使用如下文所述的给料机供应草甘膦酸,以便维持恒定的给料速率。草甘膦酸湿块是略有粘着性的材料,在未施加外部力的情况下通常不会自由流动。
优选将氨以足以提供大约与待供应给反应器的草甘膦酸反应所需的化学计量的速率供应给反应器,由此形成草甘膦单铵。因此,氨与加至反应器的草甘膦酸的摩尔比为约1摩尔氨/摩尔草甘膦酸。小于约1摩尔氨/摩尔草甘膦酸的氨添加速率导致草甘膦酸的一部分保持未发生反应。大于约1摩尔氨/摩尔草甘膦酸的氨添加速率可导致草甘膦酸的一部分反应以形成草甘膦二铵。二铵盐比单铵盐更具有吸湿性且因此更不可取。优选地,氨与加至反应器的草甘膦酸的摩尔比为每摩尔所加入的草甘膦酸约0.8至约1.25、更优选约0.9至约1.1且进一步更优选约0.95至约1.05摩尔的所加入的氨。
可将氨以氨水(NH4OH)、液体无水氨、气体无水氨或其组合的形式通过一个或多个输入孔口供应给反应器。氨水向反应器提供另外的水,由此增加供应至反应器的水的总量。无水氨(不论以液体形式还是以气体形式加入)不影响总水平衡。然而,如果以液体形式供应,部分或所有的液体无水氨在进入反应容器后可被转化成气体无水氨。液体无水氨从反应物质吸收将液体氨转化成气体氨所需的蒸发热,由此减少另外需要由其它方式(例如从反应物质蒸发水或外部冷却系统如冷水套)消散的热的量。因此,优选将氨作为液体形式的无水氨供应给反应器。
不论无水氨以液体形式还是以气体形式加入,随后至少一些量的气体无水氨可存在于反应器中。因此,优选地,对反应器进行设计以产生并维持反应物质与反应容器内部大气之间的大的界面面积(即,反应器混合反应组分以使在反应物质中产生有效体积的气体)。该界面面积(在本文被称为气体-糊剂界面)可影响草甘膦酸与存在于内部大气中的氨气反应的效率。
一般而言,供应至反应器的水的量优选足以通过蒸发冷却来有用地促成热的消散。即,水从反应物质的蒸发消散了一些在反应中产生的热。尽管反应可在低至室温的温度下进行,但是反应物质的温度通常由于反应的放热性质而快速地增加。进行反应的温度通常为约70℃至约105℃且更优选约100℃。通常,冷却反应物质以防止反应过热;水从反应物质的蒸发减少另外需要通过其它方式除去的热的量。有利地,如果期望较低的水含量材料,那么水的蒸发另外减少可能需要在随后步骤中除去的水的量。
尽管水分浓度的部分降低是期望的;但是也期望保持足以维持反应物质的均质性以确保反应完成的浓度。即,一些在反应物质中的水的蒸发也减少水分含量,因此影响反应物质的流动特性。因此,优选将水以这样的速率(即该速率足以不仅提供如上所述的蒸发冷却效应,而且确保反应物质可以用于反应器的混合系统中可用的能量程度被容易地均质化)供应给反应器,以使酸-碱反应顺利地且完全地进行,产生下游可处理的糊剂。在具有以例如水套的形式的有效传导冷却系统的一些类型的高能混合或搅拌装置中,具有相对低水分含量的相对坚硬的糊剂是可接受的,而在低能装置或具有低效传导冷却系统的装置中可能期望形成更湿、更流畅的糊剂。
通常水的蒸发导致反应步骤中反应物质的水分含量降低约1至约15百分点且更通常约1至约10百分点,以使从反应器排出的农药组合物可具有约0.1%至约20%的水分含量。优选地,农药组合物具有按重量计约2%至约20%、更优选约2%至约15%、进一步更优选约2%至约10%、进一步更优选约2%至约5%且最优选约3%至约5%的水分含量。
如果农药组合物的水分含量按重量计大于约15%,则农药组合物可置于干燥机中且另外的热可加至反应中以使水蒸发增加;此外或可选地,组合物的水分含量的进一步降低可通过在反应步骤完成后向组合物施加热和/或真空来实现。可以使用本领域已知的任何水分减少或部分干燥方法。
将如上文详细描述的产生的农药组合物挤出以形成湿粒。在一些实施方案中,水不溶性农业化学品预混物可在挤出之前任选地被加至农药组合物。如此产生的挤出物可作为湿粒被包装。在一些其它实施方案中,根据所加入的水不溶性农业化学品预混物的量和草甘膦铵糊剂的水分含量,湿粒可在冷却后固化以形成一触即“散”的混合物。在一些其它实施方案中,挤出物可任选地被干燥,例如通过转鼓式干燥,以形成干薄片或干粒子。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,可将含水SC或ME组合物干燥以形成干粒子或粉末。本领域技术人员已知的任何干燥方式适合于干燥。
使用方法
可制备本发明组合物以供在植物上使用,通过将干组合物溶解于适量水中或将ME或SC组合物用适量水稀释以形成施用混合物(在本领域也被称为桶混合物(tankmixture))。施用混合物通常含有以活性当量计约0.1至约50g总活性物/升。
植物治疗组合物优选足够稀以可使用标准农业喷雾装置容易地喷雾。本发明的适合应用率根据诸如活性成分的类型和浓度以及所涉及的植物种类的因素而变化。用于施用含水组合物至叶子田地的有用速率可通过喷雾施用在约25至约1,000升每公顷(l/ha),优选约50至约300l/ha之间变化。
实现植物健康所需的施用量的选择和本发明组合物的不需要的植物益处的控制在普通农业技术人员的技能之内。本领域技术人员将认识到植物种类、各个植物条件、特定害虫或影响植物的病原体、天气和生长条件、以及组合物中所含的农药可影响使用本发明的组合物中实现的结果。当水溶性农药是草甘膦盐时,在公布的文献中关于适当施用量的很多信息是可用的。经过草甘膦三十年的使用,与此类使用有关的公布的研究已提供大量信息,根据这些信息除草从业人员可选择在特定的环境条件下对特定物种在特定生长阶段时具有除草有效性的草甘膦施用量。一般,优选的草甘膦施用量为约100至约2500ga.e./ha、更优选约250至约1500ga.e./ha。
本发明组合物可通过本领域技术人员所熟知的任何适当方法施用至待治疗的植物。在一些实施方案中,将施用(桶)混合物或即用("RTU")组合物施用至目标植物。在另外其它实施方案中,干组合物可作为粒子或粉尘被施用。在一些实施方案中,可将组合物施用至植物叶子。在一些其它实施方案中,可在出苗前施用组合物。在又其它实施方案中,可将组合物施用至植物繁殖材料(例如,种子)。优选通过喷雾、使用任何用于喷雾液体的常规方法例如喷嘴或旋转盘式雾化器实现将植物治疗组合物施用至植物叶子。本发明组合物可用于精耕技术,其中使用装置来改变施用至田地不同部分的外源性化学物质的量,取决于变量例如存在的特定植物种类、植物生长阶段、土壤水分状况等。在此类技术的一个实施方案中,用喷雾装置操作的全球定位系统可用于施用期望量的组合物至田地的不同部分。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,目标植物具有赋予本发明组合物中所含的特定农药或农药组合的耐受性的转基因事件。例如,植物可具有对除草剂的耐受性,所述除草剂包括草甘膦、生长素(例如,2,4-D、麦草畏等等)、草铵膦、ACC酶抑制剂(例如,喹禾灵或稀禾定等)、和/或乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)或乙酰醇酸合成酶(AHAS)抑制剂除草剂(例如,咪草啶酸等)以及含有相应除草剂的组合物。例如,组合物的水溶性农药可主要由草甘膦组成且植物可具有草甘膦耐受特性。在一些其它实施方案中,组合物的水溶性农药可主要由麦草畏、草铵膦或喹禾灵组成且植物分别是麦草畏耐受的、草铵膦耐受的或喹禾灵耐受的。
本发明范围之内的具有除草剂耐受性的转基因植物的实例包括但不限于以下。ROUNDUP大豆(40-3-2和MON89788)、棉花(MON1445、MON1698、MON88913、GHB614)、玉米(GA21、nk603、MON832)、甜菜(GTSB77和H7-1)、芸苔(GT73/RT73、GT200、ZSR500/502)、小麦(MON71800)和翦股颖(ASR368)。草甘膦耐受的苜蓿。草铵膦耐受的大豆(A2704-12、A2704-21、A5547-35、A5547-127、GU262、W62和W98)、玉米(B16、T14和T25)、棉花(LLCotton25、LLCottonxMON15985)、甜菜(T120-7)、稻(LLRICE06、LLRICE62和LLRICE601)和菊苣(RM3-3、RM3-4和RM3-6)。咪唑啉酮耐受的大豆(BPS-CV127-9)、玉米(EXP1910IT、3751IR和IT)、芸苔(NS738、NS1471和NS1473)、稻(CL121、CL141、CFX51、IMINTA-1、IMINTA-4、PWC16)、小麦(AP205CL、AP602CL、SWP965001、Teal11A、BW255-2、BW238-3、BW7和扁豆(RH44)。苯腈类耐受的棉花(BXN)和芸苔(OXY-235)。MS1、RF1、PHY14、PHY35和PHY36芸苔。环己酮耐受的棉花(DK404SR)。草丁膦(Phosphinothricin)耐受的芸苔(HCN10、HCN28、HCN92、PGS1、PGS2、HCR-1)。磺酰脲类耐受的棉花(D19-51A)、亚麻(FP967)和油菜籽ZSR500。
在其它实施方案中,植物另外可包括其它除草剂、昆虫和疾病耐受特性、以及那些特性的组合。实例包括以下。昆虫耐受作物例如,棉花事件、例如鳞翅目耐受的棉花(MON15985、MON531、MON757、MON1076、281-24-236、3006-210-23、COT102、COT67B、DAS-21023xDAS-24236、Event-1),或棉花事件(176、BT11、CBH-351、DAS-06275-8、DBT418、MON80100、MON810、MON863、TC1507、MIR152V、3210M和3243M、MIR162、MON89034和MIR604)。疾病耐受的转基因作物例如,病毒耐受的番木瓜55-1/63-1和病毒耐受的南瓜CZW-3和ZW20。雄性不育的转基因作物例如,PHY14、PHY35PHY36、MS1/RF2、MS1/RF1和MS8XRF3芸苔和玉米事件676、678、680、MS3和MS6。
在其它实施方案中,组合物含有共除草剂组合且目标植物包含赋予对那些组合的耐受性的叠加特性。实例包括以下。鳞翅目和苯腈类耐受的棉花(31807和31808)。鳞翅目和草甘膦耐受的棉花(DAS-21023-5xDAS-24236-5xMON-01445-2;DAS-21023-5xDAS-24236-5xMON-01445-2;MON-15985-7xMON-01445-2;MON-00531-6xMON-01445-2;MON15985xMON88913)。欧洲玉米螟和草甘膦耐受的玉米(MON802和MON809)。欧洲玉米螟和草丁膦耐受的玉米(176、BT11、CBH-351、DBT418和TC1507)。草铵膦耐受性和雄性不育(MS3和MS6)。草铵膦耐受性和生育力恢复(676、678、680)。草铵膦耐受性和雄性不育、雌性恢复(MS1/RF1、MS1/RF2、MS8XRF3)。鞘翅目和鳞翅目耐受的和草铵膦耐受的玉米(BT11xMIR162xMIR604、BT11xMIR604、TC1507xDAS-59122-7)。鞘翅目、鳞翅目、草甘膦和草铵膦耐受的玉米(MON-89034-3xTC1507xMON88017xDAS-59122-7;DAS59112-7xTC1507xNK603)。玉米根虫和草丁膦耐受的玉米(DAS-59122-7)。玉米根虫和草甘膦耐受的玉米(MON88017)。玉米根虫和欧洲玉米螟耐受的玉米(MON863xMON810)。鞘翅目、鳞翅目和草甘膦耐受的玉米(MON810xMON88017;MON863xMON810xNK603;MON89034xMON88017)。鳞翅目和草甘膦耐受的玉米(GA21xMON810;MON89034xNK603;NK603xMON810)。鳞翅目和草铵膦耐受的玉米(T25xMON810)。鳞翅目、草铵膦和草甘膦耐受的玉米(BT11XGA21;BT11XMIR604XGA21;TC1507XNK603)。鳞翅目和草丁膦耐受的玉米(BT11xMIR162)。草丁膦和草甘膦耐受的玉米(NK603xT25).
在一些叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦和草铵膦或精草铵膦且目标植物具有草甘膦-耐受和草铵膦-耐受特性。
在一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦和至少一种生长素除草剂,且目标植物具有草甘膦-耐受和生长素-耐受特性。例如,水溶性农药可包含草甘膦和麦草畏且目标植物具有草甘膦-耐受和麦草畏-耐受特性。
在一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦和至少一种ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂,且目标植物具有草甘膦-耐受和ALS抑制剂-耐受特性。实例包括草甘膦和ALS耐受的玉米(Event98140)和DP356043。
在一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦和至少一种ACC酶抑制剂除草剂,且目标植物具有草甘膦-耐受和ACC酶抑制剂-耐受特性。
在一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦、至少一种生长素除草剂、和草铵膦或精草铵膦且目标植物具有草甘膦、生长素和草铵膦-耐受特性。
在一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦、至少一种生长素除草剂和至少一种ALS抑制剂除草剂,且目标植物具有草甘膦、生长素和ALS抑制剂-耐受特性。
在一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦、至少一种ALS抑制剂除草剂和草铵膦或精草铵膦且目标植物具有草甘膦、ALS抑制剂和草铵膦-耐受特性。
在又一些其它叠加特性实施方案中,水溶性农药包含草甘膦、至少一种生长素除草剂、至少一种ALS抑制剂除草剂和草铵膦或精草铵膦且目标植物具有草甘膦、生长素、ALS抑制剂和草铵膦-耐受特性。
在其中所述目标植物具有生长素-耐受特性的本发明的实施方案中,当生长素除草剂是2,4-D时,目标植物对2,4-D耐受;当生长素除草剂是氯氨基吡啶酸时,目标植物对氯氨基吡啶酸耐受;当生长素除草剂是二氯吡啶酸时,目标植物对二氯吡啶酸耐受;当生长素除草剂是麦草畏时,目标植物对麦草畏耐受;当生长素除草剂是氟草烟时,目标植物对氟草烟耐受;当生长素除草剂是2甲4氯丙酸或精2甲4氯丙酸时,目标植物对2甲4氯丙酸耐受;当生长素除草剂是毒莠定时,目标植物对毒莠定耐受;和/或当生长素除草剂是三氯吡氧乙酸时,目标植物对三氯吡氧乙酸耐受。在一些优选的实施方案中,生长素除草剂是2,4-D或麦草畏。
在其中所述目标植物具有ALS或AHAS耐受特性的本发明的实施方案中,当ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂是咪草酸甲酯时,目标植物对咪草酸甲酯耐受;当ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂是咪草啶酸时,目标植物对咪草啶酸耐受;当ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂是甲咪唑烟酸时,目标植物对甲咪唑烟酸耐受;当ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂是灭草烟时,目标植物对灭草烟耐受;当ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂是灭草喹时,目标植物对灭草喹耐受;和/或当ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂是咪草烟时,目标植物对咪草烟耐受。
在其中所述目标植物具有ACC酶抑制剂耐受特性的本发明的实施方案中,当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是烯草酮时,目标植物对烯草酮耐受;当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是炔草酯时,目标植物对炔草酯耐受;当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是禾草灵时,目标植物对禾草灵耐受;当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是精噁唑禾草灵时,目标植物对精噁唑禾草灵耐受;当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是精吡氟禾草灵时,目标植物对精吡氟禾草灵耐受;当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是精喹禾灵时,目标植物对精喹禾灵耐受;和/或当ACC酶抑制剂除草剂是稀禾定时,目标植物对稀禾定耐受。
在本发明的一些其它实施方案中,组合物为不具有赋予对特定农药或农药组合的耐受性转基因事件的植物提供改善的植物健康。例如,农作物植物大豆和棉花对水溶性乙酰乳酸合成酶("ALS")抑制剂或乙酰醇酸合成酶(AHAS)抑制剂除草剂(包括但不限于咪草酸甲酯、咪草啶酸、甲咪唑烟酸、灭草烟、灭草喹和咪草烟及其盐)不敏感。对于那些农作物植物,水溶性农药包含ALS或AHAS抑制剂除草剂。在进一步实例中,麦草畏或2,4-D可被施用至玉米或小麦。在另一实施例中,ACC酶抑制剂例如烯草酮、炔草酯、禾草灵、精噁唑禾草灵、精吡氟禾草灵、精喹禾灵或稀禾定可被施用至大豆。
既然已详细描述了本发明,所以将明显的是,在不偏离所附权利要求所定义的本发明的范围下修改和变化是可能的。
实施例
提供下列非限定性实施例以进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
各种表面活性剂中戊唑醇和精喹禾灵的溶解/熔化温度通过差示扫描热量法(DSC)来测量。农药-表面活性剂组合的溶解/熔化温度示于图2-21的DSC曲线,如与参考戊唑醇和精喹禾灵固体化合物的熔点相比较,作为来自线性响应的热流的偏差。
评估描述于表1a中的农药-表面活性剂组合,其中"农药浓度"是指以活性当量计的农药重量百分比。
表1a
与在缺少表面活性剂下的戊唑醇相比,所测试的阳离子、非离子和阴离子表面活性剂各自降低戊唑醇的溶解/熔化温度。戊唑醇浓度与溶解/熔化温度正相关。表面活性剂类型(即,阳离子、非离子或阴离子型)之内的溶解/熔化行为没有显著差异。例如,阳离子表面活性剂EO数或烷基链长度没有明显影响溶解/熔化特性。戊唑醇溶解/熔化行为在表面活性剂类别之间不同。酰胺基丙基胺表面活性剂提供最低的戊唑醇溶解/熔化点。
与在缺少表面活性剂下的精喹禾灵相比,所测试的阳离子、非离子和阴离子表面活性剂各自降低精喹禾灵的溶解/熔化温度。精喹禾灵浓度与溶解/熔化温度正相关。表面活性剂类别(阳离子、非离子和阴离子)之内或之间的溶解/熔化行为没有显著差异;且各自显示类似的精喹禾灵溶解/熔化性质。
实施例2
将戊唑醇和精喹禾灵分别与各种表面活性剂混合以达到20%w/v的浓度,然后在搅拌下在水浴中加热同时监控温度。测量溶解温度为混合物澄清时的温度。然后将溶液冷却至室温(20-25℃)并且观察以确定戊唑醇溶液是否保持澄清,从而显示戊唑醇保持在溶液中。结果报告在表2a和2b中。
表2a:戊唑醇溶解
表2b:精喹禾灵溶解
戊唑醇具有108℃的熔点而精喹禾灵具有80℃的熔点,各自由DSC测量。数据显示两种农药均可在比其熔点更低的温度下溶解于表面活性剂中。所测的熔点与报告于实施例1中的DSC溶解温度一致。
实施例3
如下表3a(制剂1-8)、3b(制剂1-4)和3c(制剂1-4)中所公开地,制备了三组微乳制剂。在缺少有机溶剂下制备了表3a制剂9且由此被分类为溶液浓缩物(SL)。表3a制剂含有草甘膦钾和戊唑醇,表3b制剂含有草甘膦钾和精喹禾灵而表3c制剂含有草甘膦钾和2,4-二溴三甲基苯(具有62℃的熔点和278的分子量)。对于表3a的制剂1-8与表3b和3c的制剂1-4,首先将水不溶性农药(戊唑醇、精喹禾灵或2,4-二溴三甲基苯)溶解于有机溶剂中。通过将草甘膦钾溶解于水中以达到约47w/w%a.e.的草甘膦浓度来制备草甘膦预混物。在室温下将表面活性剂和草甘膦预混物在搅拌下与组分的剩余部分组合以产生澄清溶液。通过在搅拌下加热直至获得澄清溶液(其之后与草甘膦预混物组合以形成澄清溶液)来形成表面活性剂-戊唑醇预混物,从而制备表3a制剂9。对于每种制剂,在不到约30分钟内获得澄清溶液。表3a-c公开了微乳和溶液浓缩物制剂的组合物,其中所有值均以重量百分比报告,除了草甘膦以克a.e./L和wt%a.e.两者报告之外。
表3a:戊唑醇微乳
表3b:精喹禾灵微乳
表3c:2,4-二溴三甲基苯微乳
评估每种微乳组合物的物理稳定性并且在55℃和-10℃下评估溶液浓缩物制剂的物理稳定性。对于任一种组合物,至少2周内没有观察到相分离或结晶。
在55℃下4周后通过HPLC评估每种组合物的化学稳定性。对于任一种组合物,没有测量到显著的化学变化。
实施例4
如下表4中所公开的,在缺少有机溶剂下制备了悬浮浓缩物制剂。通过在玻璃罐中将戊唑醇和表面活性剂组合,制备了表面活性剂预混物。将预混物在搅拌下在热板上加热直至其澄清,然后振摇约30分钟以完全溶解。通过将草甘膦钾溶解于水中以达到约47w/w%a.e.的草甘膦浓度来制备草甘膦预混物。在室温下将表面活性剂和草甘膦预混物在搅拌下与组分的剩余部分组合以产生澄清溶液。表4公开了悬浮浓缩物制剂的组合物,其中所有值均以重量百分比报告,除了草甘膦以克a.e./L和wt%a.e.两者报告之外。
表4:戊唑醇悬浮浓缩物
实施例5
如下表5a-g中所公开的,在缺少有机溶剂下制备了数组干制剂。表5a制剂含有草甘膦单铵和精喹禾灵而表5b-g制剂含有草甘膦单铵和戊唑醇。通过在玻璃罐中将戊唑醇和表面活性剂组合来制备表面活性剂预混物。将罐放置于80℃的水浴中以熔化戊唑醇并形成预混物。通过在充分混合下将表面活性剂预混物、水和草甘膦单铵技术粒子组合来制备团块。也可包括其它成分例如硫酸铵、亚硫酸钠和消泡剂。通过具有直径为约0.8至1毫米的开口的筛网挤出团块以产生粒子,然后将粒子在流化床干燥器中于65℃下干燥。表5a-e公开了固体浓缩物制剂的组合物,其中所有值均以重量百分比报告,除了草甘膦以wt%a.e.报告之外。表面活性剂A是指SurfonicT-15表面活性剂和HuntsmanL6820表面活性剂的45:55混合物。
表5a:精喹禾灵固体浓缩物
表5b:戊唑醇固体浓缩物
表5c:戊唑醇固体浓缩物
表5d:戊唑醇固体浓缩物
表5e:戊唑醇固体浓缩物
表5f:戊唑醇固体浓缩物
表5g:戊唑醇固体浓缩物
干组合物显示为浅黄色、不透明粒子。在60℃下4周后,通过HPLC来评估干组合物的化学稳定性。未测量到显著的化学变化。
当引入本发明的要素或其优选实施方案时,冠词"一(a)"、"一(an)"、"该(the)"和"所述(said)"意欲表示一个或多个要素。术语"包含(comprising)"、"包括(including)"和"具有(having)"意欲是包含在内的且表示除了所列出的要素之外还有其它要素。
鉴于上述,将可看到,实现了本发明的若干种目的且获得了其它有利结果。
由于可在上述组合物和工艺中进行各种变化而不偏离本发明的范围,所以上述说明书中包含的且在附图中所示的所有内容意欲应被解释为说明性的且不是限定性的。
Claims (14)
1.一种微乳浓缩物组合物,其包含(i)水性载体相,其包含所述载体相中的溶液中的至少一种水溶性农药,(ii)表面活性剂相,其包含:(a)包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分,和(b)至少一种水不溶性农业化学品,以及(iii)水不混溶性有机溶剂,
其中,
所述水溶性农药浓度为至少400克活性当量/升的所述浓缩物组合物,且
所述水不混溶性有机溶剂与以活性当量计的所述水不溶性农业化学品的重量比小于3:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述水不混溶性有机溶剂与以活性当量计的所述水不溶性农业化学品的重量比小于2:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中按重量计至少50%的所述水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述水溶性农药包含草甘膦盐且所述水不溶性农业化学品包含戊唑醇或唑菌胺酯。
5.一种悬浮浓缩物组合物,其包含水和在其溶液中的至少一种水溶性农药、包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分以及至少一种水不溶性农业化学品,
其中,
所述表面活性剂组分与所述水不溶性农业化学品的重量比为1:1至5:1,
包含按重量计至少10%的所述水不溶性农业化学品的所述水不溶性农业化学品的第一部分作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中且所述水不溶性农业化学品的第二部分以固体微粒存在,且
所述水溶性农药浓度为至少400克活性当量/升的所述浓缩物组合物。
6.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中按重量计至少50%的所述水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中。
7.根据权利要求1、2或5所述的组合物,其中所述水不溶性农业化学品浓度为按重量计3至20百分比活性当量/单位重量的所述组合物。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的组合物,其中以活性当量计的所述水溶性农药与以活性当量计的水不溶性农业化学品的重量比为1:1至25:1。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述水溶性农药包括至少一种水溶性除草剂,其选自由以下组成的组:草甘膦、麦草畏、2,4-D、MCPA、喹禾灵、草铵膦、禾草灵、其盐和酯及其组合。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述水不溶性农业化学品为选自由以下组成的组的杀真菌剂:三唑类、嗜球果伞素类、酰基氨基酸类、嘧啶类、吡啶类、芳基苯基酮类、酰胺类、苯甲酰替苯胺类、咪唑类、二硝基苯酚类、吗啉类、苯基磺酰胺类和有机磷、其盐和酯及其组合。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述表面活性剂选自由以下组成的组:酰胺基烷基胺、烷氧基化叔胺、烷氧基化季胺、烷氧基化叔醚胺、烷氧基化季醚胺、烷基胺氧化物、烷基聚糖苷、烷氧基化醇、磷酸酯和硅氧烷、及其组合。
12.一种增加农艺植物的活力和/或产量以及控制一大批农艺植物中的杂草生长的方法,所述方法包括:
由根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的组合物形成施用混合物,
其中所述施用混合物包含(i)选自由以下组成的组的水溶性除草剂:有机磷除草剂、ALS抑制剂除草剂、合成生长素除草剂、乙酰基CoA羧化酶抑制剂除草剂、ACC酶抑制剂除草剂、其盐和酯及其组合和(ii)选自由以下组成的组的水不溶性非除草农业化学品:三唑类、嗜球果伞素类、其盐和酯及其组合,以及
将所述施用混合物以有效增加所述农艺植物的活力和/或产量的量施用至所述农艺植物或农艺植物繁殖材料,其中所述农艺植物具有赋予对所述有机磷除草剂、ALS抑制剂除草剂、合成生长素除草剂、乙酰基CoA羧化酶抑制剂除草剂、ACC酶抑制剂除草剂或其组合的耐受性的除草耐受特性。
13.一种用于制备固体农药组合物的工艺,该固体农药组合物包含至少一种水溶性农药、表面活性剂组分和至少一种水不溶性农业化学品,所述工艺包括:
制备包含所述表面活性剂组分和所述水不溶性农业化学品的表面活性剂预混物,其中所述水不溶性农业化学品作为溶质主要存在于所述表面活性剂组分中;
将所述表面活性剂预混物与所述水溶性农药组合;以及
形成所述固体农药组合物。
14.一种用于制备液体浓缩物组合物的工艺,所述工艺包括:
将包含至少一种表面活性剂的表面活性剂组分与至少一种水不溶性农业化学品混合以形成表面活性剂预混物,其中所述水不溶性农业化学品主要作为溶质存在于所述表面活性剂组分中;
制备包含至少一种水溶性农药的水溶液;以及
将所述表面活性剂预混物与所述水溶性农药的水溶液组合以形成所述液体浓缩物组合物,
其中所述水溶性农药浓度为以活性当量计至少400克/升。
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CN109068640A (zh) * | 2016-04-15 | 2018-12-21 | 石原产业株式会社 | 芳基苯基酮系杀菌剂的植物病害防除效果的增强方法及植物病害防除方法 |
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CN110267536A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-09-20 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 除草混合浓缩物 |
CN110267536B (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2023-04-04 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 除草混合浓缩物 |
CN111492046A (zh) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-08-04 | 亨斯迈石油化学有限责任公司 | 基于芳族的聚醚胺烷氧基化物 |
CN108293991A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-07-20 | 四川利尔作物科学有限公司 | 一种草铵膦和乙氧氟草醚的专用表面活性剂 |
CN108293991B (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-01-29 | 四川利尔作物科学有限公司 | 一种草铵膦和乙氧氟草醚的专用表面活性剂 |
CN113316389A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-08-27 | 巴特尔英国有限公司 | 农业化学组合物 |
CN113316389B (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-07-22 | 巴特尔英国有限公司 | 农业化学组合物 |
CN115024314A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-09-09 | 巴特尔英国有限公司 | 农业化学组合物 |
CN113303333A (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-27 | 成都科宏达化学有限责任公司 | 一种敌草快和高效氟吡甲禾灵的微乳除草剂及其制备方法 |
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US10709134B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
AU2011226529B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
CA3075333C (en) | 2021-10-19 |
US20200296968A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
CA2792123A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
US11700853B2 (en) | 2023-07-18 |
US20130157855A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
EP2544531B1 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
CA2792123C (en) | 2018-12-11 |
MX347312B (es) | 2017-04-20 |
CN102946724B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
MX352352B (es) | 2017-11-21 |
US20230276806A1 (en) | 2023-09-07 |
AR108762A2 (es) | 2018-09-26 |
MX2012010521A (es) | 2012-11-06 |
AU2011226529A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
CA3022591C (en) | 2020-04-28 |
BR112012023044A2 (pt) | 2016-08-30 |
ES2862598T3 (es) | 2021-10-07 |
WO2011113052A3 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
CN113100248A (zh) | 2021-07-13 |
WO2011113052A2 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
MX2020003818A (es) | 2020-08-13 |
AR081738A1 (es) | 2012-10-17 |
EP2544531A2 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
ZA201206686B (en) | 2023-02-22 |
CN102946724A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
CA3075333A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
CA3022591A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
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