CN1054368A - 用纤维纺丝技术制作的缓释结构 - Google Patents
用纤维纺丝技术制作的缓释结构 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1054368A CN1054368A CN90108293A CN90108293A CN1054368A CN 1054368 A CN1054368 A CN 1054368A CN 90108293 A CN90108293 A CN 90108293A CN 90108293 A CN90108293 A CN 90108293A CN 1054368 A CN1054368 A CN 1054368A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/064—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
- A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
为活性药剂的缓释提供一种给药系统及制作该
系统的方法。该系统包含一种活性药剂和一种壁膜
材料。该给药系统是通过把活性药剂颗粒和壁膜材
料颗粒的混合物熔融纺成纤维而形成的。该纤维有
纵向尺度和横截面尺度,该横截面尺度不大于约
1mm。该纤维有一个外表面。活性药剂颗粒分散于
整个壁膜材料中各处,使得当该纤维与一种对该活性
药剂特定的溶剂接触时活性药剂颗粒能从该纤维中
逐渐释放出来。
Description
本发明涉及用于活性药剂缓释的给药系统以及制作此类系统的方法,尤其涉及使用对热敏感的活性药剂和可生物降解聚合物的给药系统以及制作此类系统的熔融纺丝方法。
本发明是活性药剂缓释给药系统技术的一个进展。本发明使得活性药剂能通过下列方式逐渐释放通过在包容该活性药剂的结构中的通道内部该药剂与溶剂的直接相互作用,或通过当包容该活性药剂的结构形变时该活性药剂曝露于该溶剂之中,或通过该活性药剂透过壁膜材料扩散。
在本发明之前,活性药剂(如药物)的逐渐释放,可以借助于该活性药剂通过包胶材料扩散来实现。关于此类包胶结构的讨论,详见R.Dunn & D.Lewis,Fibrous Polymers for the Delivery of Contraceptive Steroids to Female Reproductive Tract(用于避孕药类固醇对女性生殖道给药的纤维性聚合物),Controlled Release of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals(农药和医药的受控释放),125-46(D.Lewis编,1981),该文描述了纤维状结构。此外,可以使该活性药剂周围的胶壳破坏,造成该活性药剂曝露于各种溶剂之中。
熔融掺合是在本发明之前用以获得活性药剂和支撑材料的混合物,使之形成一种缓释结构的另一种技术。熔融掺合是使聚合物和活性药剂一起混合和熔融。然后,将这种熔融混合物浇铸并固化。然后,可以研磨这种固化的混合物,或者用其它方法成形,以实现其预期最终用途。本发明提供的效益超过熔融掺合技术,减少了用该技术所需的加工步骤,也减少了该活性药剂在加工期间受热的时间。
为活性药剂的缓释提供一种给药系统。该系统包括一种活性药剂和一种壁膜材料。该给药系统是通过把活性药剂颗粒和壁膜材料颗粒的混合物(活性药剂按重量计大于约10%但少于约55%)熔融纺成纤维而形成的。该纤维有纵向尺度和横截面尺度,横截面尺度不大于约1mm。该纤维有外表面。活性药剂颗粒分散于整个壁膜材料中,使得当该纤维与该活性药剂的溶剂接触时活性药剂颗粒能从该纤维中逐渐释放出来。
提供一种方法,用于制作活性药剂缓释的给药系统,它包括活性药剂和壁膜材料的混合物的制备步骤,其中活性药剂大于约10%但小于约55%(重量)。用直径不大于约1mm的模头并在低于约140℃的温度下,把这种混合物熔融纺成纤维。然后把这种熔纺纤维切断。
为有助于理解本发明,兹对附图和本发明较好实施方案详细说明叙述如下。
图1是纤维形式的缓释结构示意图。
图1A是已受溶剂作用之后的图1缓释结构的示意图。
图2是显示纤维端部和侧面的缓释结构的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
图3是显示纤维侧面的缓释结构的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
图4和5是显示纤维端部和包胶结构内部通道的缓释结构的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
图6是显示纤维侧面和端部的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
图7是显示纤维侧面的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
图8和9是显示纤维端部的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
图10是显示带有沿纤维长度平行于纵轴取向的结晶状活性药剂的纤维的缓释结构扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。
按照本发明制作的结构的一个实施方案是一种有支撑基体的纤维。该支撑基体由壁膜材料构成。活性药剂分散于整个支撑基体之中,且可以与其自身接触,在该支撑基体内部形成邻接相。然而,活性药剂不一定必须呈邻接相。支撑基体的端部有孔,使该活性药剂曝露。此外,活性药剂也可以沿该纤维侧面上的孔曝露。这种结构可以通过拉伸业已形成的纤维来制作。据信,这种拉伸作用引起壁膜材料自身发生纵向取向。这种结构中活性药剂的量为约10%(重量)至约55%(重量)。然而,据信,加入低达百分之零点几的活性药剂就能使该结构具有缓释特征。活性药剂的特征,如它的溶解度或从该支撑基体的可提取性,对该结构的加入量有影响。
在通过熔融纺丝形成纤维之后,就可以对该纤维施加一个牵伸或拉伸力将其拉伸。这种牵伸可以在纤维离开该模头后在缠绕机上或用文丘里进行。技术上已知的拉伸纤维的其它方法也可以采用。
在这种结构中,当使纤维与该活性药剂的溶剂或分散介质接触时,就发生该活性药剂的逐渐释放。壁膜材料在该溶剂中的溶解度小于活性药剂,较好的是,在使用该纤维的条件下,该壁膜材料应当基本上不溶于该溶剂。
现在可以认为,溶剂首先溶解该支撑基体端部孔中的活性药剂。如果活性药剂在支撑基体内部呈一邻接相,那么,这些孔中的活性药剂就被溶解,并在支撑基体中造成空间或通道。溶剂充满这些通道,并开始溶解那些曾与位于支撑基体端部孔中而现在已溶解的活性药剂相接触的、新曝露出的活性药剂。因此,支撑基体中通道的长度随着与溶剂直接接触的活性药剂被溶解而逐渐增加。
现在可以认为,支撑基体不妨碍活性药剂的溶解,因为活性药剂呈一邻接相。或者说,支撑基体把活性药剂直接接触溶剂的面积限制在支撑基体内部通道端部,从而起到限制溶解速度的作用。因此,溶剂可以沿着活性药剂的邻接相逐渐渗入纤维内部。
此外,现在还可以认为,视构成该支撑基体的壁膜材料的刚性而异,也可以使该支撑基体形变以便曝露活性药剂的新表面积,从而使之直接接触溶剂。例如,当把纤维掺入一种咀嚼材料中时,咀嚼所产生的压力将使该纤维压扁、延伸和形变,使活性药剂的新表面积曝露于溶剂之中。这种通过形变进行的缓释,即便活性药剂不呈一邻接相也应该会发生。用作壁膜材料的较高分子量聚合物,将不那么容易显示出这种通过形变进行的缓释。
此外,从理论上讲,如果活性药剂不呈一邻接相,那么,支撑基体的形变就可能造成与上述通道相似的通道,溶剂可以通过这些通道与活性药剂发生接触。
最后,取决于所选择的壁膜材料、所选择的活性药剂以及所使用的溶剂而异,也可能有极少量的活性药剂通过壁膜材料扩散而溶解。
按照本发明制作的缓释结构的另一个实施方案在图1中作了说明。在这一实施方案中,结构呈一种具有支撑基体(12)的纤维(11)的形式。支撑基体由壁膜材料构成。活性药剂(13)分散于整个支 撑基体内部,且与其自身接触,在该支撑基体内部形成一邻接相。支撑基体端部(14)和(15)有孔,使活性药剂曝露。此外,活性药剂也可以沿纤维侧面曝露,如同在图2和3中可以看到的那样。活性药剂按重量计占该结构的至少约25%。
在这一实施方案中,活性药剂的缓释是在使纤维与该活性药剂的溶剂或分散介质接触时发生的。壁膜材料在溶剂中的溶解度小于活性药剂,较好的是,在使用该纤维的条件下,壁膜材料应当基本上不溶于溶剂。如同图1A中所示,溶剂首先溶解支撑基体端部(14)和(15)的孔中的活性药剂。随着这种材料被溶解,便打开了该支撑基体中的空间或通道(13a)。溶剂充满这些通道,并开始溶解那些曾与位于支撑基体端部孔中而现在已溶解的活性药剂接触的、新曝露的活性药剂。因此,支撑基体中通道的长度随着与溶剂直接接触的活性药剂被溶解而逐渐增加。
现在可以认为,支撑基体不妨碍活性药剂的溶解,因为活性药剂呈一邻接相,如图1和1A所示。或者说,支撑基体把活性药剂直接接触溶剂的面积限制在支撑基体内部通道的端部,从而起到限制溶解速度的作用。因此,溶剂可以沿着活性药剂的邻接相逐渐渗入到纤维内部。此外,取决于所选择的壁膜材料、所选择的活性药剂以及所使用的溶剂,有少量活性药剂可以借助于通过壁膜材料的扩散而溶解。这种结构也可以显示出通过形变进行的逐渐释放。
图4和5是按照本发明制作的纤维的扫描电子显微镜照片。这些纤维已经溶剂处理过。在这些扫描电子显微镜照片中,显示了活性药剂被溶解掉的空间或通道(13a)。
按照本发明制作的缓释结构的另一实施方案,在图10中加以说明。在这一实施方案中,活性药剂呈结晶状。在此它是aspartame。在这一实施方案中,结晶的活性药剂沿纤维的长度方向或平行于纤维的纵向取向。
活性药剂可以是任何一种可能希望其缓释的材料,例如,人工甜味剂、粉末状香料油或药物。它们必须是固体或呈粉末形式,包括通过喷雾干燥技术用胶囊包起来的液体,或者吸收或吸附到一种支撑基体(即二氧化硅、沸石、碳黑)或多孔基体中或上的液体。在同一结构中也可以采用不同活性药剂的组合。为了说明,可能的活性药剂可以是:高强度甜味剂,例如aspartame、alitame、acesulfam-k及其盐、糖精及其盐、thaumatin、sucralose、环己烷氨基磺酸及其盐、monellin、和二氢查耳酮,酸化剂,例如苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、和富马酸,盐,例如氯化钠和氯化钾,碱,例如氢氧化镁和脲,食用香料,例如喷雾干燥的天然或合成食用香料、吸附在二氧化硅上的和吸收在麦芽糖糊精中的食用香料,香味改进剂,例如thaumatin,呼吸清新剂,例如氯化锌、包胶的薄荷醇、包胶的茴香、zinc glucinate、和包胶的叶绿素,农药和除草剂,例如双硫磷
、马拉硫磷
(活性组分是2-(二甲氧硫膦基硫代)琥珀酸二乙酯)、毒死蜱
、Naned
、倍硫磷
、和(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸钠盐,医药,例如布洛芬、抗酸药、消炎物质、冠状(血管)舒张药、脑(血管)舒张药、末梢血管舒张药、抗传染药、精神治疗药、抗躁狂药、兴奋剂、抗组胺药、轻泻药、减充血剂、维生素、胃肠镇静药、止泻制剂、抗心绞痛药、血管舒张药、抗心律失常药、抗高血压药、抗凝剂、止痛剂、镇静剂、神经肌肉药、矿物质和营养添加剂、同化药、祛痰药、和镇咳药,以及肥料。
必须谨慎小心,以避免活性药剂因在成形期间可能存在的高温、剪切力或其它条件而降解。壁膜材料可以是任何一种可纺丝的合成或天然聚合物,例如聚乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚酯、聚氨基葡糖以及这些聚合物的共聚物和聚合物共混物。活性药剂和壁膜材料必须满足以上讨论的溶解度要求。此外,它们也必须彼此不混溶,且当在熔融纺丝步骤期间一起混合时能均匀分散。
虽然任何一种可挤塑的热塑性塑料都适用,但使用可生物降解的聚合物对很多用途来说是有益的。可用于本发明的可生物降解的聚合物实例包括乳酸和乙醇酸的共聚物(PLCA)、聚富马酸丙二醇酯(PPF)、富马酸和琥珀酸的共聚物、聚-L-谷氨酸烷基酯、聚乙醇酸、聚-L-谷氨酸甲酯、谷氨酸聚合物类、谷氨酸共聚物类、聚-1-谷氨酸和赖氨酸。
所形成的结构的释放速度可以通过使聚合物交联而改变。例如,聚乳酸/聚乙醇酸共聚物的交联可以用马来酸酐实现。
本发明的缓释结构可以在需要活性药剂缓释的任何情况下应用。
用以实施本发明的缓释结构可以通过使活性药剂和壁膜材料的均匀混合物熔融纺成纤维来制作。聚合物熔融纺丝的一般原理在先有技术中是众所周知的,详见F.Billmeyer,Jr.,Text Book of Polymer Science(聚合物科学教科书),518-22(Wiley International Edition,2nd),该文列入本文的参考文献。在这种方法中,壁膜材料聚合物和活性药剂的混合物被制成粉末或粒状形式。把聚合物和活性药剂的颗粒一起混合成一个均匀相。这种混合物中活性药剂的浓度应使得活性药剂的颗粒能彼此接触。把该混合物熔融纺丝,得到纤维。然后,小心地把这些纤维切成较小的尺寸。能使纤维长度减小而又不过分损坏支撑基体的任何一种研磨机或刀具均适用。纤维脆性使该纤维的切割工艺容易进行,并且可通过提高固体活性药剂颗粒的浓度使之实现。
聚合物或聚合物共混物起初表现出高得不能令人接受的挤塑压力,这一事实不能自动消除在这一方法中使用它的可能性。可加工性通常可以用下列方法改进:提高加工温度,引进增塑剂,改变喷丝孔尺寸,添加分散剂,或通过掺混其它聚合物使之改性。
作为实例,本方法是在两种类型的设备上进行的。
1125型Instron毛细管流变仪
使用一台毛细管孔径为152微米的1125型Instron毛细管流变仪挤出纤维。管腔直径是3/8英寸。模头的长度与直径比为0.083,并且有一个孔。在本方法的这种应用中,使用L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(Aspartame)作为活性药剂。选择分子量约50,000~80,000的聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)作为壁膜材料。
这种实验室规模的毛细管流变仪在挤出期间不能提供足够的混合作用。因此,在挤出之前,用两种方法将样品预混。一种方法是,在室温把PVAc溶解在二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)中,然后把Aspartame混合到这种溶液中,在60℃于真空下过夜使溶剂蒸发,形成固体物质。把这种物质研磨成粉末,以利于添加到该流变仪中。
这种方法在表1中表示为“溶液掺混法”。另一种方法是,在140℃的加热烧杯中,直接把Aspartame和壁膜材料的聚合物熔体掺混在一起,制备用于挤塑的样品。在60℃于真空下将共混物干燥5小时以脱除水分。这种方法在表1中表示为“熔体掺混法”。
使用这两种混合壁膜材料和活性药剂的方法,得到具有不同Aspartame含量的纤维。这些实例所用的参数列于如下表1中。喷丝速度是该材料在毛细管中熔融纺丝的速度。
表 1
挤出 喷丝速度
(kgf) 温度 (米/分) 负荷
实例1
Aspartame 140℃ 5 13
17wt.% 10 18
在PVAc中 20 32
(溶液掺混法) 50 57
100 76
实例2
Aspartame 150℃ 5 18
17wt.% 10 23
在PVAc中 20 34
(溶液掺混法) 50 51
100 68
实例3
Aspartame 140℃ 5 41-59
17wt.% 10 23-68
在PVAc中 20 45-113
(熔体掺混法) 50 68
实例4
Aspartame 140℃ 5 13
29wt.% 10 16
在PVAc中 20 20
(溶液掺混法) 100 52
实例5
Aspartame 150℃ 5 9
29wt.% 10 13
在PVAc中 20 17
(溶液掺混法) 50 25
100 36
200 50
500 59
实例6
Aspartame 140℃ 5 32
29wt.% 10 45
在PVAc中 20 90-180
(熔体掺混法) 50 小于180
实例7
Aspartame 140℃ 5 14
35wt.% 10 17
在PVAc中 20 25
(溶液掺混法) 50 36
实例8 140℃ 5 36-41
Aspartame 10 12
35wt.% 20 18
在PVAc中 50 27
(溶液掺混法) 100 41
200 55
实例9
Aspartame 140℃ 5 36-41
35wt.% 10 54-64
在PVAc中 20 113-136
(熔体掺混法) 50 272-363
表1表明PVAc共混物的可纺性良好,对于Aspartame添加量的依赖性不高。表1中所示的PVAc/Aspartame共混物的挤出物在Aspartame含量为17%时是脆的。脆性随Aspartame含量增加而增加。由于模头膨胀,挤出的纤维的直径略大于152微米的毛细管直径。
挤出的纤维用研缽和研杵缓缓研磨。这些经研磨的纤维的直径与长度比分布很窄,纤维沿纵向无显著断裂。
图2至5是用上述溶液掺混技术制备并于150℃挤出的在PVAc中含29%(重量)Aspartame的纤维的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。图6~9是用上述熔体掺混技术制备并于140℃挤出的在PVAc中含17%(重量)Aspartame的纤维的扫描电子显微镜照片(SEPM)。两种样品都用水作为溶剂提取4小时。扫描电子显微镜照片中显示的空间是Aspartame被溶解而留下的空间。图8和9表明,当含量为17%时,Aspartame的固体颗粒在聚合物中是被隔离的。因此,若没有聚合物结构的物理形变,Aspartame就不会完全溶解到水中。然而,如图4和5所示,当含量为29%时,Aspartame的固体颗粒形成如图1中所示的邻接相。因此,包胶结构中的通道就被打开,Aspartame就被逐渐释放,直至实际上无一残留。
对实例1~9中在140℃和150℃纺丝的纤维进行液相色谱分析,以便确定在上述熔融纺丝期间发生的Aspartame热降解的量。在140℃,Aspartame的热降解小于10%。在150℃,Aspartame的热降解百分率接近20%。
Aspartame/聚合物共混物在用来制备上述样品的毛细管流变仪中的停留时间约为20分钟。在生产规模的纺丝过程中,停留时间可以减少到约20秒至2分钟。这会大大减少Aspartame降解的程度。在90~100℃下,以2分钟停留时间使用双螺杆挤塑机,未观察到降解。
双螺杆挤塑机
在实例10~28中,使用美国Leistritz挤塑机公司制造的LSM型30∶34双螺杆挤塑机来生产纤维。一般来说,把壁膜材料和活性药剂的粉末形式的均匀混合物倒入挤塑机上的进料斗。进料斗的进料螺杆迫使该混合物通过该挤塑机的加热段,使该聚合物熔融,然后通过一个模头。该模头包括具有特定直径和长度的许多小孔。当离开模头时,或者用缠绕机牵伸纤维,或者用一个文丘里装置对这些纤维吹风,使之拉伸。
在这种情况下,双螺杆挤塑机有两组8单元螺杆。这些螺杆可以按相互啮合的方式或者以同向旋转或者以逆向旋转形式运行。这些螺杆可以起到捏合单元或输送单元的作用。对于如下实例,使用4个捏合单元与4个输送单元互相交替。其它构型也是可能的,它们将取决于工艺条件以及所需要的熔融纺丝材料类型和混合程度。
在以下实例中使用的双螺杆挤塑机分成8个区。每个区的温度都受到控制。例如,将50%(重量)分子量约30,000的PVAc、25%(重量)分子量约15,000的PVAc和25%(重量)Aspartame的混合物熔融纺丝来生产纤维。用有5个小孔的1mm模头以30转/分操作该挤塑机,每小时能生产5磅纤维。每个区使用如下温度,用摄氏度表示:
区 温度
进料或料斗区 85
2 95
3 95
4 95
5 95
6 95
7 95
模头或终区 102
用有5个小孔的1mm模头以333转/分运行该挤塑机,每小时能生产50磅纤维。每个区使用如下温度,用摄氏度表示:
区 温度
进料或料斗区 85
2 97
3 97
4 97
5 97
6 97
7 97
模头或终区 102
在以下各实例中,使用直径为1mm和0.3mm的模头。1mm模头有5个小孔,直径与长度比约为4。0.3mm模头有34个小孔,直径与长度比为2.3。在这些实例中所指的温度是该挤塑机上所有加热区的平均值。
实例10
使用1mm模头,在110~115℃挤出含有10%(重量)Acesulfam-K(购自西德Hoecht公司的一种高强度甜味剂)作为活性药剂以及具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸。该纤维的直径为0.2~0.3mm。Acesulfam-K颗粒在纤维中分散得非常好,该纤维当单独咀嚼时呈现出活性药剂的缓释。
实例11
使用1mm模头,在110℃挤出含有25%(重量)Acesulfam-K作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸。该纤维的直径为0.3~0.4mm。Acesulfam-K颗粒在该纤维中分散得非常好,该纤维当单独咀嚼时呈现出活性药剂的缓释。
实例12
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有10%(重量)Aspartame作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸,其直径为0.2~0.3mm。Aspartame在该纤维中分散得非常好,该纤维当单独咀嚼时呈现出活性药剂的缓释。
实例13
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有10%(重量)Aspartame作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸,其直径为约0.2mm。Aspartame在该纤维中分散得非常好,该纤维当单独咀嚼时表现出优异的活性药剂的缓释。
实例14
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有35%(重量)糖精钠盐作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵引,其直径为0.4~0.5mm。糖精钠盐在纤维中分散得非常好,不过该纤维比实例10~13的纤维软。该纤维当单独咀嚼时呈现出活性药剂的缓释。
实例15
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有35%(重量)糖精酸作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸,其直径为0.4~0.5mm。糖精酸在该纤维中分散得非常好,不过该纤维比实例10~13的纤维软。该纤维当单独咀嚼时呈现出活性药剂的缓释。
实例16
使用1mm模头,在113℃挤出含有6.13%(重量)NaCl、3.87%(重量)KCl作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约30,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸,其直径为0.12mm,NaCl和KCl颗粒分散于纤维中。该纤维当单独咀嚼时呈现出良好的活性药剂的缓释。
实例17
使用1mm模头,在90℃挤出含有6.13%(重量)NaCl、3.87%(重量)KCl作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约15,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用吹风牵伸,其直径为0.12mm,稍弱于实例16的纤维。该纤维当单独咀嚼时表现出活性药剂的缓释。
实例18
使用1mm模头,在85~90℃挤出含有24.52%(重量)NaCl和15.48KCl(重量)作为活性药剂以及具有Allied Chemical PE 735作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维有0.96mm粗,用吹风牵伸。该纤维表现出盐的缓释。
实例19
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有25%(重量)磷酸二铵作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用吹风牵伸,其直径为0.20~0.38mm。
实例20
使用1mm模头,在90~100℃挤出含有25%(重量)NaF作为活性药剂和具有分子量为50,000~80,000的PVAc的纤维。该纤维用吹风牵伸,其直径为0.18~0.25mm。
实例21
使用1mm模头,在90~100℃挤出含有25%(重量)Mg(OH)2作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用吹风牵伸,其直径为0.25mm。
实例22
使用1mm模头,在90~100℃挤出含有25%(重量)Acesulfam-K作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约30,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用吹风牵伸,其直径为0.13mm。
实例23
使用0.3mm模头,在90~100℃挤出含有25%(重量)Aspartame作为活性药剂和具有分子量为约50,000~80,000的PVAc作为壁膜材料的纤维。在制作本实例的纤维过程中,在挤塑之前,按照上述的溶液掺混法先用二氯甲烷将PVAc和Aspartame预混。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸,其直径为0.127mm。
实例24
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有10%(重量)布洛芬作为活性药剂和90%(重量)聚-1-谷氨酸作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸成直径为0.2~0.3mm。
实例25
使用1mm模头,在100℃挤出含有25%(重量)硫胺素作为活性药剂和具有75%(重量)聚-L-谷氨酸甲酯作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸成直径为0.2~0.3mm。
实例26
使用0.3mm模头,在90℃挤出含有25%(重量)抗坏血酸作为活性药剂和具有75%(重量)聚富马酸丙二醇酯作为壁膜材料的纤维。该纤维用缠绕机牵伸成0.15mm直径。
实例27
使用1.0mm模头,在140℃挤出含有10%(重量)的25%喷雾干燥的马拉硫磷作为活性药剂和具有75%(重量)聚乙醇酸作为壁膜材料的纤维。未进行牵伸。
实例28
使用1.0mm模头,在130℃挤出含有50%(重量)2,4-D钠盐作为活性药剂和具有50%(重量)聚乳酸作为壁膜材料的纤维。未进行拉伸。
在不违背本发明的精神与范围的条件下,由上述的公开内容,向熟悉本领域的专业人员提供了本发明的许多变化方案。
Claims (27)
1、一种用于活性药剂缓释的给药系统,该给药系统包含一种活性药剂和一种壁膜材料,其中该给药系统是通过把活性药剂和壁膜材料的混合物熔融纺成纤维而形成的,该混合物含有大于零但小于约55%(重量)活性药剂,所形成的纤维有纵向尺度和横截面尺度,其中横截面尺度不大于约1mm,该纤维进一步具有一个外表面,其中壁膜材料基本上包含该外表面的全部,而活性药剂颗粒基本上邻接地分散于整个纤维内部各处,该纤维进一步在两端都有开孔,从而使该活性药剂能曝露于一种对该活性药剂特定的溶剂之中。
2、一种用于活性药剂缓释的给药系统,该给药系统包含一种活性药剂和一种壁膜材料,其中该给药系统是通过把活性药剂和壁膜材料的混合物熔融纺成纤维而形成的,该混合物含有大于约10%但小于约55%(重量)活性药剂,所形成的纤维有纵向尺度和横截面尺度,其中该横截面尺度不大于约1mm,该纤维进一步具有一个外表面,活性药剂的颗粒分散于整个纤维内部各处,因而当该纤维与一种对该活性药剂特定的溶剂接触时活性药剂颗粒能从该纤维中逐渐释放出来。
3、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括食用香料。
4、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括甜味剂。
5、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括肥料。
6、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括农药。
7、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括医药。
8、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括acesulfam-K。
9、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该活性药剂包括aspartame。
10、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚-1-谷氨酸,且该活性药剂包括布洛芬。
11、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚-L-谷氨酸甲酯,且该活性药剂包括硫胺素。
12、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚富马酸丙二醇酯,且该活性药剂包括抗坏血酸。
13、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚乙醇酸,且该活性药剂包括2-(二甲氧硫膦基硫代)琥珀酸二乙酯。
14、权利要求2的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚乳酸,且该活性药剂包括(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸的钠盐。
15、一种用于活性药剂缓释的给药系统,该给药系统包含一种活性药剂和一种壁膜材料,其中该给药系统是通过把活性药剂和壁膜材料的混合物熔融纺成纤维而形成的,该混合物含有大于约25%但小于约55%(重量)活性药剂,所形成的纤维有纵向尺度和横截面尺度,该横截面尺度不大于约1mm,该纤维进一步具有均匀分散的活性药剂颗粒;该纤维在两端还都具有开孔,从而使该活性药剂能曝露于一种对该活性药剂特定的溶剂之中。
16、权利要求15的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚-L-谷氨酸甲酯,且该活性药剂包括硫胺素。
17、权利要求15的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚富马酸丙二醇酯,且该活性药剂包括抗坏血酸。
18、权利要求15的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚乙醇酸,且该活性药剂包括2-(二甲氧硫膦基硫代)琥珀酸二乙酯。
19、权利要求15的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚乳酸,且该活性药剂包括(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸的钠盐。
20、一种用于活性药剂缓释的给药系统,该给药系统包含一种结晶活性药剂和一种壁膜材料,其中该给药系统是通过把活性药剂和壁膜材料的混合物熔融纺成纤维而形成的,该混合物含有大于10%但小于约55%(重量)活性药剂,所形成的纤维有纵向尺度和横截面尺度,该横截面尺度不大于约1mm,其中该结晶活性药剂的取向平行于该纤维的纵向尺度,且分散于该纤维内部各处,从而当该纤维与一种对该活性药剂特定的溶剂接触时活性药剂颗粒能从该纤维中逐渐释放出来。
21、权利要求20的给药系统,其中该活性药剂是aspartame。
22、制作用于活性药剂缓释的给药系统的方法,它包括如下步骤:
a.制备活性药剂和壁膜材料的混合物,该混合物含有大于10%但小于约55%(重量)活性药剂;
b.使用直径不大于约1mm的模头并在低于约140℃的温度,把该混合物熔融纺成纤维;和
c.切断该纤维。
23、权利要求22的方法,其中该壁膜材料包括聚-1-谷氨酸,且该活性药剂包括布洛芬。
24、权利要求22的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚-L-谷氨酸甲酯,且该活性药剂包括硫胺素。
25、权利要求22的给药系统,其中,该壁膜材料包括聚富马酸丙二醇酯,且该活性药剂包括抗坏血酸。
26、权利要求22的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚乙醇酸,且该活性药剂包括2-(二甲氧硫磷基硫代)琥珀酸二乙酯。
27、权利要求22的给药系统,其中该壁膜材料包括聚乳酸,且该活性药剂包括(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸的钠盐。
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- 1990-09-18 FI FI904598A patent/FI904598A0/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-18 AU AU62639/90A patent/AU639645B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-09-18 NZ NZ235372A patent/NZ235372A/en unknown
- 1990-09-19 CA CA002025764A patent/CA2025764C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-03 ES ES90310799T patent/ES2073538T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-03 DE DE69020088T patent/DE69020088T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-03 EP EP90310799A patent/EP0422820B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-03 DE DE199090310799T patent/DE422820T1/de active Pending
- 1990-10-03 DK DK90310799.3T patent/DK0422820T3/da active
- 1990-10-03 AT AT90310799T patent/ATE123650T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-09 NO NO90904370A patent/NO904370L/no unknown
- 1990-10-09 JP JP2272064A patent/JPH03206110A/ja active Pending
- 1990-10-10 CN CN90108293A patent/CN1054368A/zh active Pending
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1992
- 1992-07-21 US US07/918,897 patent/US5364627A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113636893A (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 吉林大学 | 一种缓释肥料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2025764C (en) | 1996-09-03 |
EP0422820B1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
ATE123650T1 (de) | 1995-06-15 |
FI904598A0 (fi) | 1990-09-18 |
ES2073538T3 (es) | 1995-08-16 |
US5364627A (en) | 1994-11-15 |
DE69020088T2 (de) | 1996-02-01 |
JPH03206110A (ja) | 1991-09-09 |
AU639645B2 (en) | 1993-07-29 |
AU6263990A (en) | 1991-04-26 |
EP0422820A2 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
DK0422820T3 (da) | 1995-08-14 |
CA2025764A1 (en) | 1991-04-11 |
NO904370D0 (no) | 1990-10-09 |
EP0422820A3 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
NZ235372A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
DE69020088D1 (de) | 1995-07-20 |
NO904370L (no) | 1991-04-11 |
DE422820T1 (de) | 1991-11-28 |
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