CN1054884A - 用于口香糖的逐渐释放结构 - Google Patents
用于口香糖的逐渐释放结构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1054884A CN1054884A CN90101542A CN90101542A CN1054884A CN 1054884 A CN1054884 A CN 1054884A CN 90101542 A CN90101542 A CN 90101542A CN 90101542 A CN90101542 A CN 90101542A CN 1054884 A CN1054884 A CN 1054884A
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- Prior art keywords
- activating agent
- fiber
- wall material
- polyvinyl acetate
- chewing gum
- Prior art date
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Abstract
提供了一种释放口香糖中活性剂的逐渐释放结
构和制作这种结构的方法。逐渐释放结构是用熔融
纺丝技术形成的,它由一种活性剂和一种壁材料组
成。
Description
本发明涉及逐渐释放活性剂的供料系统和制作这种系统的方法,具体说是涉及用在口香糖中的供料系统以及用于制作这种系统的熔融纺丝法,所述供料系统的活性剂在同一种溶剂直接相互作用时将活性剂逐渐释放出来。
本发明在逐渐释放活性剂的供料系统领域中是一项先进的技术。本发明能使一种活性剂通过同一种溶剂的直接相互作用而释放出来,这种相互作用或者在包封该活性剂的结构的通道中发生,或者在包封该活性剂的结构变形后,活性剂同溶剂接触时产生。
在本发明以前,活性剂(例如药物)的逐渐释放可以利用该活性剂通过包封材料而扩散的作用来完成。有关包封结构的讨论可查阅R.Dunn和D.Lewis的“向女性生殖系统提供避孕类固醇用的纤维状聚合物”,农药和药物的受控释放125-46(D.Lewis,1981),该文描述了纤维状结构。另一方法是,通过破裂活性剂周围的包封层而使活性剂同各种溶剂接触。
本发明的一个特征是提供一种逐渐释放结构,结构中的活性剂通过同一种溶剂直接相互作用而逐渐释放出来。本发明的另一个特征是提供一种利用熔融纺丝技术来制作这种结构的新方法。
本发明提供了一种含有逐渐释放结构的口香糖。逐渐释放结构是通过将活性剂和壁材料的混合物熔融纺丝制成纤维而形成的,所述混合物中含0~55%(重量)的活性剂。需要时,可拉伸纤维。切断纤维。还提供一种制作口香糖的方法,该方法包含制备胶质基料,制备水溶性增充部分和制备一种逐渐释放结构等几个步骤。逐渐释放结构是由一种活性剂和壁材料的混合物制备而成的,该混合物含有0~55%(重量)的活性剂。熔纺此混合物成纤维并切断此纤维。逐渐释放结构、胶质基料和水溶性增充部分是混合在一起的。
为有助于了解本发明,请参阅本发明优选实施方案的图和具体说明。
图1是纤维形式的逐渐释放结构的说明。
图1A是图1的逐渐释放结构同溶剂接触后的例证。
图2是显示逐渐释放结构纤维的末端和侧面的扫描电子显微照相。
图3是显示逐渐释放结构纤维的侧面的扫描电子显微照相。
图4和图5是显示逐渐释放结构的纤维两端和包封结构中通道的扫描电子显微照相。
图6是显示纤维的侧面和末端的扫描电子显微照相。
图7是显示纤维的侧面的扫描电子显微照相。
图8和图9是显示纤维的两端的扫描电子显微照相。
图10是说明本发明的包封和逐渐释放结构应用于口香糖中的差别的时间对甜度的曲线。
按照本发明制作结构的实施方案是一种具有支承基质的纤维。支承基质是由一种壁材料制成的。活性剂分散在支承基质中,活性剂在支承基质中可相互接触形成邻接相。但是,活性剂并不一定要形成邻接相。支承基质的两端有孔隙暴露出活性剂。或者,活性剂也可沿纤维的侧面露出。这种结构可以通过拉伸已形成的纤维而制成。据信这种拉伸作用可以使壁材料自我纵向排列。结构中活性剂量约为10%至55%(重量)。但是,据信即使这种负载量低到1%,仍能呈现出逐渐释放特征。结构的负载量受活性剂的特性和支承基质的溶解度和可提取性所影响。
在经熔融纺丝形成纤维后,可将纤维用拉拔或拉伸力拉长。拉拔可以在一个卷绕机处进行或在纤维从拉模出来后通过文杜里嘴进行。也可以采用技术上已知的其他拉丝方法。
在本结构中,活性剂的逐渐释放是在纤维同用于该活性剂的溶剂或分散介质接触时发生的。壁材料比活性剂不易溶于溶剂中,在使用纤维的条件下,壁材料最好基本上不溶于溶剂。
现在认为溶剂是首先溶解在支承基质末端的孔隙处的活性剂的。如果支承基质中的活性剂处于邻接相,则在孔隙中的活性剂溶解后,支承基质中就会形成空间或通道。溶剂填充进这些通道中,并开始溶解新接触的活性剂,此活性剂同位于支承基质末端空隙处的已溶解的活性剂接触。这样,当直接同溶剂接触的活性剂溶解时,支承基质中通道的长度也逐渐增加。
现在认为支承基质不会阻止活性剂的溶解,因为活性剂系处于邻接相。更确切地说,支承基质通过限制活性剂同在支承基质中通道末端的溶剂直接接触的面积,而限制了溶解速度。因此,溶剂可以跟随活性剂的邻接相逐渐地进入纤维。
此外,现在还认为,随形成支承基质的壁材料的坚硬度不同,支承基质可以变形而暴露出新的活性剂表面,使之同溶剂直接接触。例如,口香糖中加入纤维后,咀嚼口香糖时,会使纤维受压变平、伸长和变形,使新的活性剂表面同溶剂接触。即使活性剂不处于邻接相,这种变形也会产生逐渐释放。用较高分子量的聚合物作为壁材料时,不容易通过变形呈现出逐渐释放作用。例如,分子量大于100,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在口香糖咀嚼时,不会通过变形呈现出逐渐释放现象。
进一步的推理认为,如果活性剂不是邻接相,支承基糖的变形会形成通道,同上面所描述的那样,溶剂会在通道中同活性剂接触。
最后,随所选用的壁材料、所选用的活性剂和所用的溶剂的不同,极少量的活性剂也可以扩散通过壁材料而溶解。
另一个按照本发明制作的逐渐释放结构的实施方案如图1中所示。在此实施方案中,逐渐释放结构的形式是具有支承基质12的纤维11。支承基质由一种壁材料所形成。活性剂13分散在支承基质中,并自身相互接触而在支承基质中形成邻接相。支承基质的两端14和15有孔隙露出活性剂。或者,活性剂也可像图2和3中所示的那样沿纤维的侧面而暴露。活性剂至少占结构重量的约25%。
在这一方案中的活性剂的逐渐释放,是在纤维同该活性剂的溶剂或分散介质接触时产生的。壁材料比活性剂不易溶于溶剂中,在使用纤维的条件下,壁材料最好基本上不溶于溶剂。如图1A中所示,溶剂首先溶解在基质两端14和15孔隙中的活性剂。当此物料被溶解后,暴露出支承基质中的空间或通道13a。溶剂填充入这些通道,开始溶解新露出的活性剂,它同位于支承基质两端孔隙中的已溶解的活性剂接触。因此,当直接同溶剂接触的活性剂溶解后,支承基质中通道的长度逐渐增加。
现在认为支承基质不会阻止活性剂的溶解,因为活性剂系处于邻接相。图1和1A。更确切地说,支承基质通过限制活性剂同在支承基质中通道末端的溶剂直接接触的面积而限制了溶解速度。因此,溶剂可以跟随活性剂的邻接相逐渐地进入纤维。此外,随选用的壁材料、活性剂和所用溶剂的不同,少量活性剂也可以由扩散通过壁材料而溶解。此结构也可通过变形呈现出逐渐释放。
图4和5是按照本发明制作的纤维的扫描电子显微照相。这些纤维同一种溶剂接触。扫描电子显微照相中显示了活性剂溶解后的空间或通道13a。
活性剂可以是任何一种需要逐渐释放的物料,例如合成甜味剂、粉状风味油或药物。它我必须是固体或粉状,包括通过喷雾干燥技术包封的液体或吸收在支承基质上或基质中的液体,如二氧化硅,沸石、碳黑或多孔基质。在同一结构中,也可以用不同活性剂的混合物。为了说明,可用的活性剂可以是:高强度甜味剂,如天冬甜精(aspartame),阿利甜精(alitame),阿西苏尔法钾甜精(acesulfam-k)及其盐类,糖精及其盐类,托马丁甜精(thaumatin),苏克来洛斯甜精(sucralose),环磺酸及其盐类,莫内林(monellin),和二氢查耳酮等;酸化剂,如苹果酸,柠檬酸,酒石酸和富马酸等;盐,如氯化钠和氯化钾;碱,如氢氧化镁和尿素;风味剂,例如喷雾干燥的天然或合成的吸收在二氧化硅上的和吸收在麦芽糖糊精中的风味剂;风味改良剂,如托马丁(thaumatin);呼吸清凉剂,如氯化锌,包封的薄荷脑,包封的茴香,葡糖酸锌,和包封的叶绿素;以及药物。
必须注意在成形过程中,避免由于高温、切变或其他条件而产生的活性剂的降解作用。壁材料可以是任意一种可纺丝的合成的或天然的聚合物,例如聚乙烯,聚醋酸乙烯,聚酯,壳聚糖,以及这些聚合物的共聚物或混合物。活性剂和壁材料必须符合上面讨论过的溶解度要求。或者,他们必须是相互不溶混的,但在熔融纺丝过程中混合时能均匀地分散的。
本发明的逐渐释放结构可用于口香糖中。口香糖由胶质基料组成,在胶质基料中通常加有一种水溶性增充剂。
口香糖基料通常由弹性体和树脂以及增塑剂和无机填充剂的混合物组成。
胶质基料含有天然树胶和/或合成的弹性体和树脂。天然树胶包括弹性体和树脂。可用的天然树胶包括糖胶树胶,节路顿胶(jellutong),苏尔伐胶(sorva),尼斯比罗胶(nispero tunu),尼日尔胶(niger gutta),马兰杜己胶(massarandaba belata)和芡茨胶(chiqulbul)等,但不限制于这些。
当没有用天然树胶时,胶质基料指的是“合成的”,也即用合成的弹性体和树脂来代替天然树胶。合成的弹性体包括聚异戊二烯,聚异丁烯,异丁烯-甲基丁二烯共聚物(异丁橡胶),苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶,Exxon公司的称作“丁基橡胶”的共聚物等。
胶质基料中弹性体的用量一般在约10%至20%之间,这随所选用的特定弹性体和最后胶质基料所要求的物理性质而定。例如粘度、软化点和弹性等都是可以变化的。
胶质基料中所用的树脂包括聚醋酸乙烯,聚乙烯,酯树胶(甘油的树脂酯),聚醋酸乙烯聚乙烯共聚物,聚醋酸乙烯聚乙烯月桂酸酯共聚物,和多萜烯。此外,也可以用孟山都公司(Monsanto)的称作“Gelva”的聚醋酸乙烯,和Hercules公司的称作“Piccolyte”的多萜烯。
同弹性体一样,胶质基料中所用树脂的量可以随所选用的特定树脂和最终胶质基料所要求的物理性质而改变。
胶质基料最好也包含选自脂肪、油、腊及其混合物的增塑剂。脂肪和油包括牛脂,氢化的和部分氢化的植物油和可可脂。常用的腊包括石腊,微晶腊和天然腊(如蜂腊和巴西棕榈腊)。或者,也可以用各种增壁剂的混合物,例如由石腊、部分氢化的植物油和甘油单硬脂酸酯组成的混合物。
胶质基料最好也包含一种填充剂。填充剂最好选自碳酸钙,碳酸镁,滑石粉,磷酸二钙等。填充剂可以是胶质基料重量的约5%至60%。最好填充剂占胶质基料重量的约5%至50%。
此外,胶质基料也可含有任选组分,例如抗氧化剂,色素和乳化剂。
胶质基料的这些组分可以用传统的方法加入。具体地说,弹性体、树脂、增塑剂和填充剂等通常先加热软化,然后搅拌混合足够的时间以保证形成均匀物体。该物体可以形成片状或丸状,并在制作口香糖之前先行冷却。或者,熔融的物体可以在口香糖制作过程中直接使用。
一般情况是,胶质基料占胶质重量的约5%至95%。较优选的是不溶性胶质基料占胶质重量的10%至50%,最好是胶质重量的约20%至35%。
通常,口香糖组合物是由水溶性的增充部分加到不溶于水的可咀嚼胶质基料部分中构成的。风味剂一般是不溶于水的。在咀嚼一段时间后,一部分风味剂分散在水溶性部分中,而在整个咀嚼中,胶质基料部分是保留在口腔中的。
口香糖的水溶性部分还包含软化剂,甜味剂,风味剂和他们的混合物。加入软化剂是为了使口香糖具有最好的咀嚼性和口感。软化剂,在本领域中也叫作增塑剂,通常为口香糖重量的约0.5%至15%。本发明涉及的软化剂包括甘油,卵磷脂和他们的混合物。此外,甜味剂的水溶液,例如含有山梨醇,氢化淀粉水解物,玉米糖浆和他们的混合物的水溶液,可以在口香糖中用作软化剂和粘结剂。
口香糖工艺中普遍知道的糖甜味剂通常包括蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、转化糖粉、果糖、左旋糖、半乳糖、固体玉米糖浆等,可单独使用或混合使用。非糖甜味剂包括山梨醇,甘露醇和木糖醇。
色素,乳化剂和药物也可作为任选组分加入到口香糖中。
通常,口香糖的制作方法是按顺序将各种口香糖组分加到一个技术上熟知的商品搅拌机中。在各种组分已经充分混合后,从搅拌机中卸出胶质物料并制成所要的形状,如滚压成片状,切成条,挤压成块或铸成丸状。
组合物的混和通常是先熔化胶质基料,再加到转动的搅拌机中。基料也可以在搅拌机中熔化。此时也可以加入色素和乳化剂。软化剂(例如甘油)和糖浆及部分增充剂也可以在此时加入。随后再将其余部分增充剂加到搅拌机中。风味剂通常是同最后部分增充剂一起加入的。
整个搅拌步骤一般需要15分钟,但有时需要较长时间。熟悉此工艺的人知道上述方法是可以有所改变的。
本发明的逐渐释放结构的制作方法是将活性剂和壁材料的均匀混合物熔融纺丝成纤维。熔融纺丝聚合物的一般原理在技术上是熟知的,F.Billmeyer.Jr.的“聚合物科学教科书”(Text Book of Polymer Science)518-522页(Wiley lnternational第二版)中有阐述,这里引用作为参考。在此方法中,把用作壁材料的聚合物和活性剂的混合物制备成粉状或丸状。再把聚合物颗粒同活性剂搅拌混和成均匀相。此混合物中活性剂的浓度应能使活性剂颗粒相互接触。将混合物熔融纺丝成纤维。然后切断此纤维成较小的尺寸。任何一种能使纤维变短而又不致于过度损坏支承基质的磨碎机或刀具都可以使用。纤维的脆性使切断纤维容易,而这种脆性可以通过提高固体活性剂颗粒的浓度来达到。为防止咀嚼口香糖时有纤维感,所用的纤维大小应能通过60目筛。
一种聚合物或聚合物的混合物在挤压开始时会显示出过高的压力,但这并不意味着排除使用本方法的可能性。往往可以用提高加工温度,引入增塑剂,改变喷嘴大小,添加分散剂,加入其他聚合物来调整等方法来改进加工性。
作为实施例,本方法是在二种型式的设备上来实现的。
1125型Instron毛细管流变仪
用毛细管孔直径为152微米的1125型Instron毛细管流变仪挤压纤维。筒直径为3/8英寸。拉模上有一个孔,其长径比为0.083。在本方法中,使用了L-天冬氨酰基-L-苯丙氨酸甲基酯(天冬甜精)作为活性剂。选用了分子量约50000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯作为壁材料。
实验室用的毛细管流变仪在挤压过程中不能提供足够的混合。因此,在挤压前可以用二种方法预混合。在一个方法中,先在室温下将聚醋酸乙烯溶解在二氯甲烷中(CH2Cl2),然后将天冬甜精混合到此溶液中。于60℃真空下蒸发过夜成固体物料。磨碎此物料成粉状以利于加到流变仪中。
此方法在表1中称之为“溶液混合法”。在另一方法中,用于挤压的试样的制备方法是,将天冬甜精直接同在烧杯中加热到140℃的熔化的壁材料聚合物混合。然后在60℃真空下干燥约5小时以除去水分。此方法在表1中称之为“熔融混合法”。
用这两种方法混合壁材料和活性剂,所得到的纤维含有不同数量的天冬甜精。下面表1中列出了这些实施例所用的参数。喷嘴速度是指在毛细管中熔融纺丝的物料的速度。
表1
喷嘴速度 挤压负载
温度 (米/分) (公斤力)
实施例1
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 13
17重量%(重量) 10 18
(溶液混合法) 20 32
50 57
100 76
实施例2
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 150℃ 5 18
17%(重量) 10 23
(溶液混合法) 20 34
50 51
100 68
实施例3
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 41-59
17%(重量) 10 23-68
(熔融混合法) 20 45-113
50 68
实施例4
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 13
29%(重量) 10 16
(溶液混合法) 20 20
100 52
实施例5
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 150℃ 5 9
29%(重量) 10 13
(溶液混合法) 20 17
50 25
100 36
200 50
500 59
实施例6
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 32
29%(重量) 10 45
(熔融混合法) 20 90-180
50 小于180
实施例7
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 14
35%(重量) 10 17
(溶液混合法) 20 25
50 36
实施例8
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 10
35%(重量) 10 12
(溶液混合法) 20 18
50 27
100 41
200 55
实施例9
天冬甜精在聚醋酸乙烯中 140℃ 5 36-41
35%(重量) 10 54-64
(熔融混合法) 20 113-136
50 272-363
表1表明聚醋酸乙烯混合物的纺丝性是好的,且并不很依赖于天冬甜精的装载量。表1的聚醋酸乙烯/天冬甜精混合物,当天冬甜精的装载量是17%时,挤出物是脆的。脆性随天冬甜精装载量的增加而增大。由于挤出模的膨胀,挤出纤维的直径稍大于毛细管,它是152微米。
用研钵和杵轻轻磨碎挤出的纤维。研碎纤维的直径和长度之比相差不大,沿纤维的纵向面上无大的裂开。
图2至图5是用上述溶液混合法制备和在150℃挤压的纤维的扫描电子显微照相,其中的纤维是由在聚醋酸乙烯中含29%(重量)天冬甜精所组成。图6至图9是用上述熔融混合法制备和在140℃挤压的纤维的扫描电子显微照相,其中的纤维是由在聚醋酸乙烯中含17%(重量)天冬甜精所组成。两者的试样都用水作溶剂萃取4小时。扫描电子显微照相中的空间是天冬甜精被溶解后的地方。图8和图9中的装载量是17%,天冬甜精的固体颗粒在聚合物中是分离的。因此,如聚合物结构没有进一步的物理裂开,天冬甜精就不能完全溶解在水中。但是,在图4和图5中,装载量是29%,天冬甜精的固体颗粒像图1中所示那样形成邻接相。这样,包封结构中的通道是开放的,天冬甜精能逐渐释放,直到实质上不再留下为止。
表2用咀嚼后的数据来证实结果。所用口香糖的配方如下:
组分 重量%
山梨醇 49.5
粘合胶质基料 25.5
糖浆 9.1
甘露醇 8.0
甘油 6.3
卵磷脂 0.2
风味剂(薄荷油) 1.4
制备的口香糖中纤维负载量分17%的和29%的。胶质中的糖浆由67%(重量)Lycasin固体物,5.36%水和27.14%甘油组成。用上述方法制备一种对照胶质,其中加入游离天冬甜精代替纤维。然后由5名自愿人员咀嚼此胶质。咀嚼不同时后收集胶质咀嚼物,用高效液相色谱法分析天冬甜精的浓度。
表2
胶质中所含纤维的型式 咀嚼下述时间后胶质中天冬甜精%
0分 5分 10分 20分
对照 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.02
天冬甜精/聚醋酸乙烯
17%(重量) 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10
天冬甜精/聚醋酸乙烯
29%(重量) 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.12
对照的胶质中含有游离天冬甜精。聚醋酸乙烯/天冬甜精以17%天冬甜精,重量计的胶质所含纤维的型式如图6至图9中所示。聚醋酸乙烯/天冬甜精以29%天冬甜精,重量计的胶质所含纤维的型式如图2至图5中所示。表2表明天冬甜精的释放速度,从负载量17%的纤维释出比负载量为29的纤维释出要慢得多。从负载量为29%的纤维中释放天冬甜精的速度显著地低于对照物,但是比负载量17%的试样要快。
用液相色谱法分析了实施例1至9中于140℃和150℃纺丝成的纤维,以测定在上述的熔融纺丝法过程中,天冬甜精的热降解的数量。在140℃时天冬甜精的热降解低于10%。在150℃时天冬甜精的热降解接近20%。
制备上述试样时,天冬甜精/聚合物的混合物在毛细管流变仪中的停留时间约为20分钟。在生产规模的纺丝中,停留时间可缩减到约20秒至2分钟。这可能大大降低天冬甜精的降解温度。在90°-100℃用一个双螺杆挤压机。停留时间2分钟,未观察到有降解作用。
双螺杆挤压机
实施例10-23中使用了美国Leistritz挤压机公司的LSM30∶34型双螺杆挤压机于生产纤维。通常将粉状的壁材料和活性剂的均匀混合物倒入挤压机的料斗中。料斗的给料螺杆迫使混合物通过挤压机的加热区,熔融此聚合物,然后通过一个模。模上有许多特定直径和长度的孔。在离开模时,纤维或者由卷绕机拉拔伸长,或者由文杜里管喷吹空气使之伸长。
双螺杆挤压机具有二套八个单体螺杆。这些螺杆相互啮合以同方向旋转或相反方向旋转形式运行。这些螺杆可以起到捏和单元或传送单元作用。以下实施例中,交替使用了4个捏和单元和4个传送单元。也可以采用其他结构,这随加工条件,熔融纺丝物料的类型和要求混合的程度等而定。
用于以下实施例中的双螺杆挤压机分成8个区。每个区的温度是控制的。例如,一种含50%(重量)的分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯,25%的分子量约15,000的聚醋酸乙烯和25%的天冬甜精的混合物熔融纺丝成纤维。用有5个孔的1毫米模的挤压机,在30转/分钟时,一小时可以生产5磅纤维。以下是每个区的温度(℃)。
区域 温度℃
进料或料斗区 85
2 95
3 95
4 95
5 95
6 95
7 95
模或最后区 102
用有5个孔的1毫米模的挤压机,在每分钟333转时,每小时可生产纤维50磅。以下是每一区的温度。
区 温度(℃)
进料或料斗区 85
2 97
3 97
4 97
5 97
6 97
7 97
模或最后区 102
以下实施例中所用的模,直径有1毫米的和0.3毫米的。1毫米的模有5个孔,其直径和长度也比约为4。0.3毫米的模有34个孔,其直径和长度之比为2.3。这些实施例中列出的温度是挤压机全部加热区的平均值。
实施例10 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有10%(重量)的Acesulfame-K(西德Hoecht公司的一种高甜度甜味剂)作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80000的聚醋酸乙烯,在110-115℃进行挤压。用一个卷绕机拉拔纤维,厚度为0.2-0.3毫米。Acesulfame-K颗粒很好地分散在纤维中,当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例11 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有25%(重量)的Acesulfame-K作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在110℃进行挤压。用一个卷绕机拉拔纤维。纤维的厚度在0.3-0.4毫米之间。Acesulfame-K颗粒很好地分散在纤维中,当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例12 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有10%(重量)的天冬甜精作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在100℃进行挤压。用一个卷绕机拉拔纤维,厚度为0.2至0.3毫米。天冬甜精很好地分散在纤维中,当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例13 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有10%(重量)的天冬甜精作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在100℃进行挤压。用一个卷绕机拉拔纤维,纤维厚度约0.2毫米。天冬甜精很好地分散在纤维中,当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出非常好的活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例14 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有35%(重量)的糖精钠作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在100℃进行挤压。用卷绕机拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.4-0.5毫米。虽然纤维比实施例10-13中的软,但糖精钠仍很好地分散在纤维中。当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例15 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有35%(重量)的糖精酸作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在100℃进行挤压。用卷绕机拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.4-0.5毫米。虽然纤维比实施例10-13中的软,但糖精酸仍很好地分散在纤维中。当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例16 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有6.13%(重量)的氯化钠和3.87%(重量)的氯化钾作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在113℃进行挤压。用卷绕机拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.12毫米。氯化钠和氯化钾颗粒分散在纤维中。当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出良好的活性剂的释放。
实施例17 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有6.13%(重量)的氯化钠和3.87%(重量)的氯化钾作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约15,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在90℃进行挤压。用空气喷吹法拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.12毫米。此纤维比实施例16中的纤维稍弱。当单独咀嚼时,纤维呈现出活性剂的逐渐释放。
实施例18 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有24.52%(重量)的氯化钠和15.48%(重量)的氯化钾作为活性剂,壁材料是联合化学公司的聚乙烯735(Allied Chemical PE735),在85-90℃进行挤压。用空气喷吹法拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.96毫米。纤维呈现出盐的逐渐释放。
实施例19 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有25%(重量)的磷酸氢二铵作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在100℃进行挤压。用空气喷吹法拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.20-0.38毫米。
实施例20 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有25%(重量)的氟化钠作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在90-100℃进行挤压。用空气喷吹法拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.18-0.25毫米。
实施例21 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有25%(重量)的氢氧化镁作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80000的聚醋酸乙烯,在90-100℃进行挤压。用空气喷吹法拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.25毫米。
实施例22 用1毫米的模,以纤维含有25%(重量)的阿西苏尔法钾(Acesulfam-K)甜味剂作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在90-100℃进行挤压。用空气喷吹法拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.13毫米。纤维呈现出这些实施例的最好的释放特性。
实施例23 用0.3毫米的模,以纤维含有25%(重量)的天冬甜精作为活性剂,壁材料是分子量约50,000-80,000的聚醋酸乙烯,在90-100℃进行挤压。制作本实施例的纤维时,在按前述方法混合溶液后,在挤压以前,先将聚醋酸乙烯和天冬甜精在二氯甲烷中预混合。用卷绕机拉拔纤维,纤维的厚度是0.127毫米。
将和实施例18有同样配方的(24.52%氯化钠和15.48%氯化钾作为活性剂,PE735用作壁材料)逐渐释放纤维加到具有下列配方的胶质中:
组分 重量%
糖 54.9
粘合胶质基料 19.3
玉米糖浆 16.8
葡萄糖-水合物 7.3
甘油 0.65
水果风味剂 0.8
纤维 0.25
由感官专家评审小组咀嚼此胶质,专家们发现和不含逐渐释放纤维的同样配方的对照胶质比较,此胶质除风味延续时间更长外,在咀嚼中间还更甜。
同样,将按照本发明制作的逐渐释放纤维加到具有以下组分的胶质中:
组分 重量%
粘合基料 25.5
山梨醇 44.7
甘露醇 8.0
糖浆 9.1
甘油 6.3
卵磷脂 0.2
棕色素 0.05
薄荷风味剂 1.4
水 4.05
纤维 0.7
糖浆是由67%(重量)的Lycasin固体物,5.36%的水和27.14%的甘油组成。逐渐释放纤维中的活性剂是33%(重量)的天冬甜精。
由感官专家评审小组咀嚼此胶质,发现同不含逐渐释放纤维的同样配方的对照胶质比较,此胶质具有优越的甜味持久性。
用以下的通用配方制备口香糖:
组分 重量%
糖 50.76
基料 20.68
玉米糖浆 16.86
葡萄糖 10.15
甘油 0.94
留兰香风味剂 0.56
棕色素 0.05
在三份上述配方的胶质中各加入0.3%(重量)的天冬甜精。在第一份胶质中,天冬甜精以25%(重量)的装载量含在逐渐释放纤维中,壁材料由分子量约15,000的聚醋酸乙烯组成。在第二份胶质中,天冬甜精以25%(重量)的装载量含在逐渐释放纤维中,壁材料由50%(按全部纤维重量计)的分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯和25%(按全部纤维重量计)的分子量约100,000的聚醋酸乙烯组成。在第三份胶质中,天冬甜精是按照美国专利申请书S.N.134,948号(1987年12月18日)中公开的包封方法进行包封的。在第四份上述配方的胶质中,没有加入天冬甜精。
请了10名评审专家咀嚼上述四种胶质样品,并在20分钟期间对每一种胶质的甜度进行了评定。在咀嚼的第一个半分钟和第一分钟之后,以及以后的每一分钟之后评定甜度。所得数据在图10中以曲线的形式表示。这些数据的分析表明含有逐渐释放结构的口香糖同另外二种胶质比较,在最后咀嚼中,具有显著的甜度改进。特别是在咀嚼9分钟以后,含有逐渐释放结构的胶质的甜味开始增加,而其他胶质的甜味则逐渐下降。因此,可以制作一种既含包封甜味剂又含逐渐释放甜味剂的胶质,使在同一胶质中具有二种释放系统的优点。在咀嚼的开始和中间阶段,由包封甜味剂提供甜味,而在咀嚼的最后阶段,则由逐渐释放结构提供甜味。此外,图10中的数据还阐明具有不同壁材料的纤维之间,释放速度的差别。
由上述公开看来,熟练此技术的人受启发对本发明作许多修改,但都不脱离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (27)
1、一种口香糖,它含有一种通过熔融纺丝活性剂和壁材料的混合物成为纤维并切断此纤维而形成的逐渐释放结构,所述混合物中含有0以上但少于55%(重量)的活性剂。
2、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的纤维是经过拉伸的。
3、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的活性剂是天冬甜精(aspartame)。
4、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的壁材料是分子量约15,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
5、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的壁材料是分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
6、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的壁材料是分子量约50,000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
7、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的壁材料是分子量约15,000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯的混合物。
8、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的逐渐释放结构能通过60目筛。
9、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的活性剂是一种高甜度甜味剂。
10、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的活性剂是阿利甜精(alitame)。
11、权利要求1的口香糖,其中的活性剂是阿西苏尔法钾甜精(Acesulfam-K)。
12、一种制作口香糖的方法,它包含以下步骤:
a.制备一种胶质基料;
b.制备水溶性的增充部份;
c.制备一种逐渐释放结构,它包含以下步骤:
ⅰ制备一种活性剂和壁材料的混合物,活性剂的量在0以上,但小于55%(重量);
ⅱ熔融纺丝此混合物成纤维;和
ⅲ切割此纤维;和
d.混合逐渐释放结构、胶质基料和水溶性增充部分。
13、权利要求12的方法,其中的活性剂是天冬甜精(Aspartame)。
14、权利要求12的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量约15,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
15、权利要求12的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
16、权利要求12的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量约50,000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
17、权利要求12的方法,其中的逐渐释放结构能通过60目筛。
18、权利要求12的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量从约15000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯的混合物。
19、权利要求12的方法,其中的活性剂是一种高甜度甜味剂。
20、权利要求12的方法,其中的活性剂是阿利甜精(alitame)。
21、权利要求12的方法,其中的活性剂是阿西苏尔法钾甜精(Acesulfam-K)。
22、一种制作具有逐渐释放结构的口香糖的方法,它包含以下步骤:
制备一种胶质基料;
制备一种水溶性的增充部份;
制备天冬甜精和壁材料的混合物,天冬甜精的量从约10%(重量)至约25%;
熔融纺丝此混合物以形成纤维;
拉伸此纤维;
切割此纤维;和
混合胶质基料、水溶性增充部分和逐渐释放结构。
23、权利要求22的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量约15,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
24、权利要求22的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量约30,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
25、权利要求22的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量约50,000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯。
26、权利要求22的方法,其中的壁材料是分子量从约15,000至80,000的聚醋酸乙烯的混合物。
27、权利要求22的方法,其中的逐渐释放结构能通过60目筛。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US340384 | 1989-04-19 | ||
US07/340,384 US4978537A (en) | 1989-04-19 | 1989-04-19 | Gradual release structures for chewing gum |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1054884A true CN1054884A (zh) | 1991-10-02 |
Family
ID=23333138
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101542A Pending CN1054884A (zh) | 1989-04-19 | 1990-03-19 | 用于口香糖的逐渐释放结构 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4978537A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0423255B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0751049B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1054884A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE95983T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU619152B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1335763C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69004047T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0423255T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2045906T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI906250A0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ232236A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH26002A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990012511A1 (zh) |
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-
1989
- 1989-04-19 US US07/340,384 patent/US4978537A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-26 CA CA000613119A patent/CA1335763C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-24 NZ NZ232236A patent/NZ232236A/xx unknown
- 1990-01-26 EP EP90902500A patent/EP0423255B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-26 JP JP2502900A patent/JPH0751049B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-26 DE DE90902500T patent/DE69004047T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-26 AT AT90902500T patent/ATE95983T1/de active
- 1990-01-26 DK DK90902500.9T patent/DK0423255T3/da active
- 1990-01-26 WO PCT/US1990/000430 patent/WO1990012511A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-01-26 ES ES90902500T patent/ES2045906T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-26 AU AU50214/90A patent/AU619152B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-01-30 PH PH39968A patent/PH26002A/en unknown
- 1990-03-19 CN CN90101542A patent/CN1054884A/zh active Pending
- 1990-12-18 FI FI906250A patent/FI906250A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101883499A (zh) * | 2007-11-29 | 2010-11-10 | 吉百利亚当斯美国有限责任公司 | 具有活性物的多区咀嚼型胶基糖 |
CN103039688A (zh) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-04-17 | 奥驰亚客户服务公司 | 口腔用产品 |
US9854831B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2018-01-02 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
US9854830B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2018-01-02 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral tobacco product |
US9872516B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2018-01-23 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
US9884015B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2018-02-06 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
US9930909B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2018-04-03 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
US9986756B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2018-06-05 | Altria Client Services Llc | Exhausted-tobacco oral product |
US10631568B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-04-28 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
US10639275B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-05-05 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
US10660359B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-05-26 | Altria Client Services Llc | Oral product |
CN108601368A (zh) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-09-28 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 封装甜味剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH03505282A (ja) | 1991-11-21 |
DE69004047D1 (de) | 1993-11-25 |
US4978537A (en) | 1990-12-18 |
EP0423255A4 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
CA1335763C (en) | 1995-06-06 |
EP0423255A1 (en) | 1991-04-24 |
PH26002A (en) | 1992-01-29 |
DK0423255T3 (da) | 1993-12-13 |
WO1990012511A1 (en) | 1990-11-01 |
ATE95983T1 (de) | 1993-11-15 |
DE69004047T2 (de) | 1994-02-10 |
NZ232236A (en) | 1991-10-25 |
JPH0751049B2 (ja) | 1995-06-05 |
ES2045906T3 (es) | 1994-01-16 |
AU5021490A (en) | 1990-11-16 |
FI906250A0 (fi) | 1990-12-18 |
EP0423255B1 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
AU619152B2 (en) | 1992-01-16 |
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