CN105229783B - 半导体器件和用于密封半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物 - Google Patents
半导体器件和用于密封半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105229783B CN105229783B CN201480029204.6A CN201480029204A CN105229783B CN 105229783 B CN105229783 B CN 105229783B CN 201480029204 A CN201480029204 A CN 201480029204A CN 105229783 B CN105229783 B CN 105229783B
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- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical compound [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical class CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种半导体器件,所述半导体器件通过采用固化有机硅密封镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件而获得,其中所述固化有机硅是硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物的固化产物,所述硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物至少包括:(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷,(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷,(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物,以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂;并且所述半导体器件在吸湿回流测试后表现高度可靠。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件和用于密封半导体器件中的半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物。
背景技术
在光学半导体器件诸如LED中,使用镀银引线或基板以防止所述引线或基板受到腐蚀,并且有效地反射来自发光二极管(LED)元件的光。银存在因含硫气体诸如硫化氢而变成黑色的问题。鉴于此,人们对反射率次于银但不会因含硫气体而变成黑色的镀金引线或基板的使用进行了研究。
另一方面,硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物因为该组合物在加热下迅速固化并且在固化过程中不会生成副产物,所以被作为半导体元件的密封或粘合剂使用。由于硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物粘合性差,例如,日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2007-134372提出,当利用硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物密封安装在镀金基板上的半导体元件时,先用包含烷氧基硅烷的酸酐基团或其部分水解缩合物处理所述基板。
然而,就日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2007-134372中提出的方法而言,需要先用包含烷氧基硅烷的酸酐基团或其部分水解缩合物处理镀金基板。这是不方便的。
日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2011-063663提出一种底层填料组合物,该组合物包含具有硅原子键合羟基的支链有机聚硅氧烷、无机填充剂、缩合催化剂、具有直链状二有机聚硅氧烷残基的有机聚硅氧烷,以及硅烷偶联剂诸如3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。该组合物不影响回流期间的翘曲行为,并且耐热性、耐光性和对金凸块的粘合性极佳。然而,要作为底层填料使用,该组合物需通过缩合反应固化,从而在反应期间生成副产物。这是有问题的。另一方面,在硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物中,与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团诸如3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的有机硅化合物往往引起固化抑制,因此人们未对有机硅化合物作为增粘剂的使用进行研究。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2007-134372
专利文献2:日本未经审查的专利申请公布No.2011-063663
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
本发明的一个目的是提供半导体器件,所述半导体器件通过采用固化有机硅密封镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件而获得,其中所述半导体器件在吸湿回流测试后表现高度可靠。本发明的另一个目的是提供可固化有机硅组合物,所述组合物对镀金引线或基板具有优异的粘合性能,并且可密封所述引线或基板以及半导体元件。
解决问题的手段
根据本发明,提供了半导体器件,所述半导体器件通过采用固化有机硅密封镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件而获得,其中所述固化有机硅是硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物的固化产物,所述硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物至少包含:(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷,(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷{其量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基,该组分中硅键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔},(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物(所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%),以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂(其量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内)。
在所述半导体器件中,所述固化有机硅优选地具有基于JIS K 6253的10至99的A型硬度计硬度。
另外,在所述半导体器件中,所述半导体元件优选地为发光二极管(LED)元件。
此外,根据本发明,提供了用于密封半导体器件中的镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件的硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物,所述硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物包含:至少(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷;(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷{其量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基,该组分中硅键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔};(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物(所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%);以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂(其量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内)。
本发明的效果
本发明的半导体器件的特征在于经吸湿回流测试后其表现出高可靠性。另外,本发明的用于密封半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物的特征在于对镀金引线或基板具有优异的粘合性能。
附图说明
图1是作为本发明的半导体器件的例子的光学半导体器件(LED)的剖视图。
实施本发明的最佳模式
首先详细描述本发明的半导体器件。本发明的半导体器件是通过采用固化有机硅密封镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件而获得的半导体器件。所述半导体元件的例子包括发光二极管(LED)元件、半导体激光器件、光电二极管元件、光电晶体管元件、固态图像感测器件、光耦合器发光或光接收元件。具体地,发光二极管(LED)元件是优选的。
现参照图1对本发明的半导体器件进行详细描述。
图1是作为所述半导体器件的例子的光学半导体器件(LED)的剖视图。在该光学半导体器件(LED)中,用粘合材料4将发光二极管(LED)元件5管芯接合到聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)树脂外壳1的管芯焊盘3。通过金接合线6引线接合发光二极管(LED)元件5和镀金引线2。用固化有机硅密封剂7密封发光二极管(LED)元件5、镀金引线2和金接合线6。
在本发明的半导体器件中,对镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件进行固化的固化有机硅是硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物的固化产物,所述硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物至少包含:(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷,(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷{其量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基,该组分中硅键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔},(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物(所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%),以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂(其量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内)。
组分(A)为所述组合物的基础化合物,并且是在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷。组分(A)中烯基的例子包括具有2~12个碳原子的烯基,诸如乙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一碳烯基和十二碳烯基。乙烯基是优选的。除组分(A)中的烯基以外,与硅原子键合的基团的例子包括:具有1~12个碳原子的烷基,诸如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、环己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基;具有6~20个碳原子的芳基,诸如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基和萘基;具有7~20个碳原子的芳烷基,诸如苯甲基、苯乙基和苯丙基;以及这些基团的部分或全部氢原子被卤素原子诸如氟原子、氯原子或溴原子取代的基团。组分(A)中的硅原子可具有在不损害本发明目的之范围内的少量羟基或烷氧基,诸如甲氧基或乙氧基。
对组分(A)的分子结构无特定限制,并且该结构可为,例如,直链、部分支化的直链、支链、环状或三维网状结构。组分(A)可以是具有这些分子结构的单一有机聚硅氧烷,或者具有这些分子结构的两种或更多种类型有机聚硅氧烷的混合物。
优选的是,组分(A)中烯基的含量为键合至硅原子的总有机基团的0.01~50摩尔%、0.05~40摩尔%或0.09~32摩尔%。这是因为当组分(A)中烯基的含量太低时可能不会得到固化产物,而当组分(A)中烯基的含量太高时,所得固化产物的机械性能可能会变差。此外,组分(A)中的烯基优选地位于有机聚硅氧烷分子的两端。组分(A)中烯基的摩尔百分含量(摩尔%)可通过分析方法诸如傅立叶变换红外分光光度测定法(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)或凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量。
组分(A)是在25℃下呈液体或固体形态的有机聚硅氧烷。当组分(A)在25℃下呈液体形态时,优选的是,其在25℃下的粘度在1~1,000,000mPa·s范围内,或者在10~1,000,000mPa·s范围内。有机聚硅氧烷在25℃下的粘度可例如使用B型粘度计根据JIS K7117-1测定。
组分(B)为所述组合物的交联剂,并且是在分子中具有至少两个硅键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷。除组分(B)中的氢原子以外,与硅原子键合的基团的例子包括:具有1~12个碳原子的烷基,诸如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、环己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基;具有6~20个碳原子的芳基,诸如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基和萘基;具有7~20个碳原子的芳烷基,诸如苯甲基、苯乙基和苯丙基;以及这些基团的部分或全部氢原子被卤素原子诸如氟原子、氯原子或溴原子取代的基团。组分(B)中的硅原子可具有在不损害本发明目的之范围内的少量羟基或烷氧基,诸如甲氧基或乙氧基。
对组分(B)的分子结构无特定限制,并且该结构可为,例如,直链、部分支化的直链、支链、环状或三维网状结构。组分(B)的分子结构优选地为部分支化的直链、支链或三维网状结构。
组分(B)在25℃下呈固体或液体形态。当组分(B)在25℃下呈液体形态时,优选的是,其在25℃下的粘度为10,000mPa·s或更低、在0.1~5,000mPa·s范围内,或者在0.5~1,000mPa·s范围内。有机聚硅氧烷在25℃下的粘度可例如使用B型粘度计根据JIS K7117-1测定。
只要能够实现本发明的目的,组分(B)不特别限制为某种具体的有机聚硅氧烷。其例子包括选自以下的一种或多种类型:1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷;1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷;三(二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基)甲基硅烷;三(二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基)苯基硅烷;1-环氧丙氧丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷;1,5-环氧丙氧丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷;1-环氧丙氧丙基-5-三甲氧基甲硅烷基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷;在分子两端由三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基氢聚硅氧烷;在分子两端由三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷和甲基氢硅氧烷的共聚物;在分子两端由二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷;在分子两端由二甲基氢甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基硅氧烷和甲基氢硅氧烷的共聚物;在分子两端由三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基氢硅氧烷和二苯基硅氧烷的共聚物;在分子两端由三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基氢硅氧烷、二苯基硅氧烷和二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物;包含(CH3)2HSiO1/2单元和SiO4/2单元的共聚物;以及包含(CH3)2HSiO1/2单元、SiO4/2单元和(C6H5)SiO3/2单元的共聚物。
组分(B)的含量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基,该组分中硅键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔,优选地为0.5~5摩尔。这是因为当组分(B)的含量不大于上述范围的上限时,所得固化产物机械性能的降低可被抑制,并且另一方面,当组分(B)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,所得组合物可被充分固化。组分(B)中硅键合氢原子的摩尔百分含量(摩尔%)可通过分析方法诸如傅立叶变换红外分光光度测定法(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)或凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量。
组分(C)为与硫原子键合的组分,该组分具有硅原子键合可水解基团,并且使所述组合物对镀金引线具有优异的粘合性能。组分(C)的例子包括:巯烷基烷氧基硅烷诸如3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷;以及双(烷氧基甲硅烷基烷基)硫化物诸如双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)二硫化物、双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)三硫化物、双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫化物。
组分(C)的含量在所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%范围内,优选地在0.001~1质量%范围内或者在0.01~0.2质量%范围内。这是因为当组分(C)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,对镀金引线或基板的粘合性能得到改善,并且当该组分的含量不大于上述范围的上限时,较少引起所述组合物的固化抑制。
组分(D)是用于加速所述组合物的硅氢加成反应的铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂。组分(D)的例子包括:铂细粉、铂黑、氯铂酸、氯铂酸的醇改性产物、氯铂酸与二烯烃的络合物、铂-烯烃络合物、铂-羰基络合物诸如双-(乙酰乙酸)铂和双-(乙酰基丙酮酸)铂、氯铂酸-烯基硅氧烷络合物诸如氯铂酸-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物和氯铂酸-四乙烯基四甲基环四硅氧烷络合物、铂-烯基硅氧烷络合物诸如铂-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷络合物和铂-四乙烯基四甲基环四硅氧烷络合物,以及氯铂酸与乙炔醇的络合物。铂-烯基硅氧烷络合物因其加速硅氢加成反应的优异作用而为尤其优选的。可单独使用这些铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂中的一种类型,或组合使用两种或更多种类型。
用于铂-烯基硅氧烷络合物中的烯基硅氧烷不受特别限制。其例子包括:1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷,1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基环四硅氧烷,其中这些烯基硅氧烷的一些甲基被乙基、苯基等取代的烯基硅氧烷低聚物,以及其中这些烯基硅氧烷的乙烯基被烯丙基、己烯基等取代的烯基硅氧烷低聚物。具体地讲,1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷因所产生的铂-烯基硅氧烷络合物的有利稳定性而是优选的。
为改善铂-烯基硅氧烷络合物的稳定性,优选的是,将这些铂-烯基硅氧烷络合物溶于以下物质中:烯基硅氧烷低聚物,诸如1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-二烯丙基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3-二乙烯基-1,3-二甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氧烷、1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氧烷或1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基环四硅氧烷;或有机硅氧烷低聚物,诸如二甲基硅氧烷低聚物。尤其优选的是,将这些络合物溶于烯基硅氧烷低聚物中。
组分(D)的含量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,组分(D)中的铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内,优选地在0.01~100ppm范围内或在0.1~50ppm范围内。这是因为当组分(D)的含量不小于上述范围的下限时,所得组合物可被充分固化,并且另一方面,当组分(B)的含量不大于上述范围的上限时,所得固化产物的着色可被抑制。
所述组合物还可包含(E)硅氢加成反应抑制剂作为任选的组分,用于延长在室温下的使用寿命并改善储存稳定性。组分(E)的例子包括:炔醇,诸如1-乙炔基环己-1-醇、2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇和2-苯基-3-丁炔-2-醇;烯炔化合物,诸如3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-炔和3,5-二甲基-3-己烯-1-炔;甲基烯基硅氧烷低聚物,诸如1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基环四硅氧烷和1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四己烯基环四硅氧烷;炔氧基硅烷,诸如二甲基双-(3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-氧基)硅烷和甲基乙烯基双-(3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-氧基)硅烷;以及异氰脲酸三烯丙酯化合物。
对于组分(E)的含量没有特别限制,但是其量足以在混合组分(A)至(D)时抑制胶凝化或抑制固化,并且其量足以允许长期储存。特别地,相对于组分(A)至(D)的每100总质量份,组分(E)的含量优选地在0.0001~5质量份的范围内,并且更优选地在0.01~3质量份的范围内。
所述组合物还可包含增粘剂,以进一步改善对组合物在固化期间所接触的基板的粘合性。这类增粘剂优选地为在分子中具有一个或多个硅键合烷氧基的有机硅化合物。烷氧基的例子包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基和甲氧基乙氧基,并且甲氧基或乙氧基是尤其优选的。除烷氧基外,与该有机硅化合物的硅原子键合的基团的例子包括:取代或未取代的单价烃基,诸如烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基和卤代烷基;环氧丙氧烷基,诸如3-环氧丙氧丙基和4-环氧丙氧丁基;环氧环己基烷基,诸如2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基和3-(3,4-环氧环己基)丙基;氧杂环丙烷基烷基,诸如4-氧杂环丙烷基丁基和8-氧杂环丙烷基辛基;含有丙烯酸基团的单价有机基团,诸如3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基;异氰酸酯基;异氰脲酸酯基;以及氢原子。该有机硅化合物具有可与本发明组合物中的烯基或硅键合氢原子反应的基团。特别地,该有机硅化合物优选地具有硅键合氢原子或烯基。
所述增粘剂的含量不受限制,但是相对于组分(A)至(D)的每100总质量份,增粘剂的含量优选地在0.01~10质量份的范围内,以及在0.1~3质量份的范围内。
所述组合物也可包含荧光物质作为另一种任选组分。该荧光物质的例子包括广泛用于发光二极管(LED)的物质,诸如黄色、红色、绿色和蓝色发光荧光物质,诸如氧化物荧光物质、氧氮化物荧光物质、氮化物荧光物质、硫化物荧光物质以及氧硫化物荧光物质。氧化物荧光物质的例子包括含有铈离子的钇、铝和石榴石型YAG绿色至黄色发光荧光物质;含有铈离子的铽、铝和石榴石型TAG黄色发光荧光物质;以及含有铈或铕离子的硅酸盐绿色至黄色发光荧光物质。氧氮化物荧光物质的例子包括含有铕离子的硅、铝、氧和氮型SiAlON红色至绿色发光荧光物质。氮化物荧光物质的例子包括含有铕离子的钙、锶、铝、硅和氮型CASN红色发光荧光物质。硫化物荧光物质的例子包括含有铜离子或铝离子的ZnS绿色发光荧光物质。氧硫化物荧光物质的例子包括含有铕离子的Y2O2S红色发光荧光物质。这些荧光物质可作为一种类型使用,或作为两种或更多种类型的混合物使用。
该荧光物质的含量不受特别限制,但是优选地在所述组合物的0.1~70质量%范围内,或者在1~20质量%范围内。
只要不损害本发明的目的,所述组合物还可包含以下物质作为其他任选组分:选自硅石、玻璃和矾土的一种或多种类型的有机填料;有机硅橡胶粉末;树脂粉末,诸如有机硅树脂和聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂;以及选自耐热剂、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、表面活性剂和溶剂的一种或多种类型的组分。
本发明的半导体器件的制备方法不受特别限制。例如,图1所示的光学半导体器件(LED)可按如下所述制备。
用粘合材料4将发光二极管(LED)元件5管芯接合到聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)树脂外壳1的管芯焊盘3。接着,通过金接合线6引线接合发光二极管(LED)元件5和镀金引线2。然后,将所述组合物注入聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)树脂外壳1中并固化。如此,发光二极管(LED)元件5、镀金引线2和金接合线6即被固化有机硅密封剂密封。在该制备方法中,可通过在室温下静置或加热使上述组合物固化。优选的是加热该组合物以实现快速固化。加热温度优选地在50℃至200℃范围内。
在由此获得的半导体器件中,固化有机硅优选地具有10~99、并且尤其优选地具有15~95的如JIS K6253中所规定的A型硬度计硬度。这是因为当固化有机硅的硬度不小于上述范围的下限时,固化产物的强度增大,从而足以保护半导体元件免受外部应力;并且另一方面,当硬度不大于上述范围的上限时,固化产物变得具有柔性,从而足以保护半导体元件免受热冲击。
随后将详细描述本发明的用于密封半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物。
本发明的用于密封半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物是用于密封半导体器件中的镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件的硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物,所述组合物包括:至少(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷;(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷{其量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔烯基,该组分中硅键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔};(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物(所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%);以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂(其量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内)。
组分(A)至(D)如下所述。除了作为任选组分用于延长室温下的使用寿命并改善储存稳定性的(E)硅氢加成反应抑制剂,所述组合物还可包含:增粘剂;荧光物质;选自硅石、玻璃和矾土的一种或多种类型的无机填料;有机硅橡胶粉末;树脂粉末,诸如有机硅树脂和聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂;以及选自耐热剂、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、表面活性剂和溶剂的一种或多种类型的组分。这些组分及其含量如下所述。
本发明的可固化有机硅组合物包含组分(A)至(D)以及上述任选组分,并且可为被划分成任选组分的单包装类型或双包装类型。
实例
将使用实例和比较例来详细描述本发明中的半导体器件和用于密封半导体元件的可固化有机硅组合物。式中的Me表示甲基,Vi表示乙烯基,Ph表示苯基。
[实例1~5和比较例1~7]
根据表1中所示的组成(质量份)均匀混合以下组分,以制备实例1~5和比较例1~7的可固化有机硅组合物。在表1中,SiH/Vi是指在可固化有机硅组合物中,相对于组分(A)中的1摩尔总乙烯基,组分(B)中硅键合氢原子的总摩尔数。
使用以下组分作为组分(A)。可通过已知的制备方法获得有机聚硅氧烷。粘度是在25℃下使用B型粘度计根据JIS K7117-1测得的值。通过分析方法诸如FT-IR、NMR或GPC测量乙烯基的含量。
组分(a-1):分子两端由二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷(乙烯基含量=0.48质量%),其具有300mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:Me2ViSiO(Me2SiO)150SiMe2Vi
组分(a-2):分子两端由二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷氧基封端的二甲基聚硅氧烷(乙烯基含量=0.15质量%),其具有10,000mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:Me2ViSiO(Me2SiO)500SiMe2Vi
组分(a-3):甲基苯基聚硅氧烷(乙烯基含量=1.27质量%),其具有1,000mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:Me2ViSiO(MePhSiO)30SiMe2Vi
组分(a-4):在分子中具有不少于两个乙烯基的有机聚硅氧烷树脂(乙烯基含量=3.4质量%),其在25℃下为白色固体,并且可溶于甲苯,采用以下平均单元式表示:(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.13(Me3SiO1/2)0.45(SiO4/2)0.42(HO1/2)0.01
组分(a-5):在分子中具有不少于两个乙烯基的有机聚硅氧烷(乙烯基含量=4.2质量%),其在25℃下为白色固体,并且可溶于甲苯,采用以下平均单元式表示:(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.15(Me3SiO1/2)0.38(SiO4/2)0.47(HO1/2)0.01
组分(a-6):在分子中具有不少于两个乙烯基的有机聚硅氧烷(乙烯基含量=5.6质量%),其在25℃下为白色固体,并且可溶于甲苯,采用以下平均单元式表示:(PhSiO3/2)0.75(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.25
使用以下组分作为组分(B)。可通过已知的制备方法获得有机氢聚硅氧烷。粘度是在25℃下使用B型粘度计根据JIS K7117-1测得的值。通过分析方法诸如FT-IR、NMR或GPC测量硅键合氢原子的含量和每个分子的硅键合氢原子数。
组分(b-1):分子两端由三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基氢聚硅氧烷(硅键合氢原子含量=1.42质量%),其具有5mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:Me3SiO(MeHSiO)15SiMe3
组分(b-2):分子两端由三甲基甲硅烷氧基封端的甲基氢聚硅氧烷(硅键合氢原子含量=1.6质量%),其具有20mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:Me3SiO(MeHSiO)55SiMe3
组分(b-3):分子两端由二甲基氢硅氧基封端的二苯基聚硅氧烷(硅键合氢原子含量=0.6质量%),其具有5mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:HMe2SiO(Ph2SiO)SiMe2H
组分(b-4):在分子中具有不少于两个硅键合氢原子的支链有机聚硅氧烷(硅键合氢原子含量=0.65质量%),其具有25mPa·s的粘度,并采用以下平均式表示:(PhSiO3/2)0.4(HMe2SiO1/2)0.6
使用以下组分作为组分(C)。
组分(c-1):3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷
组分(c-2):双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫化物
组分(c-3):1,3,5-异氰脲酸三甘油酸
组分(c-4):3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷
组分(c-5):3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷
组分(c-6):3-环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷
组分(c-7):2-巯基苯并噻唑
使用1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷的铂络合物的1,3-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷溶液(铂金属含量=以质量单位计约5000ppm)作为组分(D)。
使用1-乙炔基环己烷-1-醇作为组分(E)。
[评价与结果]
对于在实例1~5和比较例1~7中得到的可固化有机硅组合物,通过以下方式测量150℃下的胶凝时间、固化有机硅的硬度、密封剂的初始剥离率以及吸湿回流后密封剂的剥离率,测量结果在表1中示出。
[150℃下的胶凝时间]
用阿尔法科技公司流变仪MDR 2000P(Alpha Technologies Rheometer MDR2000P)测量150℃下的胶凝时间(秒)。
[固化有机硅的硬度]
在150℃下,以5MPa的压力按压实例1~5和比较例1~7中获得的每个可固化有机硅组合物1小时,制得片状固化有机硅。然后,使用JIS K 6253中规定的A型硬度计测量所得固化有机硅的硬度。
[光学半导体器件(LED)的制备]
通过以下方式制备图1所示的20个光学半导体器件(LED)。使用分配器将每个实例或比较例的去泡可固化有机硅组合物注入聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)树脂壳体中,其中镀金引线从底部封闭的圆柱形聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)树脂壳体的侧壁延伸至内底中央,所述壳体具有2.0mm的内径和1.0mm的深度,LED顶端置于镀金引线的中央,并且LED顶端和镀金引线通过金接合线电连接。将所得组合物置于100℃的烘箱中30分钟,然后置于150℃的烘箱中1小时,以进行加热和固化。
[密封剂的初始剥离率]
对于20个光学半导体器件(LED)中的每一个,用光学显微镜观察镀金引线2和密封剂7之间的剥离状态。剥离率定义为观察到剥离状态的器件数量在20个器件中所占的比例。
[吸湿回流后的剥离率]
将所述20个光学半导体器件(LED)在高温度和高湿度条件(85℃/85%RH)下保持168小时,然后在280℃的烘箱中静置30秒。之后,将温度调至室温(25℃)。用光学显微镜观察镀金引线2和密封剂7之间的剥离状态。剥离率定义为观察到剥离状态的器件数量在20个器件中所占的比例。
表1的结果说明,采用实例1~5中可固化有机硅组合物的固化产物密封的半导体器件具有高抗剥离性。
工业适用性
本发明的半导体器件适合用作需要高可靠性的光学半导体器件(LED),因为吸湿回流测试后几乎没有引起镀金引线和固化有机硅密封剂之间的分离。
[附图标记]
1 聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)树脂外壳
2 镀金引线
3 管芯焊盘
4 粘合材料
5 发光二极管(LED)元件
6 金接合线
7 固化有机硅密封剂
Claims (4)
1.一种半导体器件,所述半导体器件通过采用固化有机硅密封镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件而获得,其中所述固化有机硅是硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物的固化产物,所述硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物至少包括:(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷,(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷,其中所述有机氢聚硅氧烷的量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔所述烯基,该组分中所述硅原子键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔,(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物,其中所述有机硅化合物的量为所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%,以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂,其中所述催化剂的量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,
铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中所述固化有机硅具有基于JISK 6253的10~99的A型硬度计硬度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的半导体器件,其中所述半导体元件为发光二极管(LED)元件。
4.一种用于密封半导体器件中的镀金引线或基板以及半导体元件的硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物,所述硅氢加成反应可固化有机硅组合物包括:至少(A)在分子中具有至少两个烯基的有机聚硅氧烷;(B)在分子中具有至少两个硅原子键合氢原子的有机氢聚硅氧烷,其中所述有机氢聚硅氧烷的量为,相对于组分(A)中每1摩尔所述烯基,该组分中所述硅原子键合氢原子的含量为0.1~10摩尔;(C)与硫原子键合并且具有硅原子键合可水解基团的有机硅化合物,其中所述有机硅化合物的量为所述组合物的0.0001~2质量%;以及(D)铂基硅氢加成反应催化剂,其中所述催化剂的量使得以所述组合物的质量单位计,
铂原子在0.01~500ppm范围内。
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