CN105229107B - 制造金属‑塑料‑混合部件的方法 - Google Patents

制造金属‑塑料‑混合部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN105229107B
CN105229107B CN201480019346.4A CN201480019346A CN105229107B CN 105229107 B CN105229107 B CN 105229107B CN 201480019346 A CN201480019346 A CN 201480019346A CN 105229107 B CN105229107 B CN 105229107B
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metal
plastics
coating
adhesion
hydrid component
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CN105229107A (zh
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M.格鲁恩
K.库曼
M.里施陶斯
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Evonik Degussa GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及制造包含金属和塑料的混合部件的方法。该方法包含以下步骤:a)通过施加至少一个转化层来预处理金属表面,b)施加至少一层粘附力增强剂组合物,和c)将金属与塑料接合。所述粘附力增强剂组合物包含至少一种基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂。

Description

制造金属-塑料-混合部件的方法
本发明涉及制造包含金属和塑料的混合部件的方法、用于混合部件的涂层及其用途、混合部件以及金属基材。
混合部件(亦结构部件)为两种材料即金属和塑料的复合物。它们可以通过注塑法制造。
混合部件是尤其用于机动车建造和飞机建造中以及电子和电气技术中在支承部件、力吸收部件领域中,或用作例如用于装饰性目的的外壳部件的组件。它们的特征尤其在于其具有局部增强,该局部增强赋予部件特别的机械性能和/或提供功能集成可能性。应特别强调的是与迄今以常规建造方式使用的部件相比,部件刚性提高以及额外的重量减少。
上述应用领域越来越多地使用混合部件,以减少质量并同时获得优化的机械性能。这些混合部件的缺点是金属和塑料之间缺乏或者不足的粘附。就这点而言,迄今已实施将塑料在金属上的机械锚固。
金属和塑料之间的粘附可以通过粘附力增强剂来改善。由EP-A 1808468和EP-A2435246已知混合部件,其中通过热熔胶粘剂作为基于共聚酰胺且还含有异氰酸酯基团和环氧化物基团的粘附力增强剂来接合金属和塑料。
特别是在汽车领域中已知金属基材,其包含用于表面处理的转化层。该层例如通过表面上的磷酸盐化或铬酸盐化而产生。
现有技术的混合部件在金属和塑料之间如今具有尚不足以满足例如汽车领域中批量生产需求的粘附。不足的粘附例如可以通过多种塑料和各种金属之间的不相容性或与基材表面的改变的化学和物理性质来看出,其由于由环境或介质影响所致的氧化和腐蚀过程而产生。
因此目的在于,提供没有现有技术缺点的新方法。因此,可由该方法获得的混合部件应相比于现有技术而言具有金属和塑料之间的改善或提高的粘附。此外,所得的混合部件应满足机动车和飞机建造以及电子和电气工程工业的需求。此外,应提供良好的耐气候性,特别是腐蚀防护耐受性。混合部件的金属和塑料应当材料连接地(stoffschlüssig)彼此接合。
因此已发现一开始提及类型的方法,通过其可以提供具有金属和塑料之间改善的粘附的混合部件。本发明的方法包含以下步骤:
a. 通过施加至少一转化层预处理金属表面,
b. 施加至少一个层粘附力增强剂组合物,和
c. 将金属与塑料接合,
其中该粘附力增强剂组合物包含至少一种基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂。
在本发明的方法中,首先全面或部分地预处理金属表面。该金属可以在预处理之前清洁或已具有金属保护涂层。金属清洁对于本领域技术人员而言是已知的。
所述预处理可以用转化剂进行。该转化剂通常作为水溶液来使用。作为转化剂,可以考虑市售的钝化剂和用于转化处理的产品,例如磷酸锌化剂、磷酸铁化剂以及含有钛酸盐或锆酸盐的含磷酸的溶液。从技术观点来看,同样可行的是铬酸盐化剂,但是它们由于其危害健康的性质是较不优选的。
优选地,转化剂包含卤化物。卤化物被认为是卤素氟、氯、溴和碘与更强的正电性元素的盐类、共价和络合的化合物,其中优选为盐类卤化物、络合卤化物或这些卤化物的混合物。卤素是氢卤酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐和铵盐的盐类物质。在络合卤化物中,卤素离子以单齿阴离子配体的形式出现。
此外优选的是含氟卤化物。特别优选的盐类的含氟卤化物为氟化物-阴离子或氟化氢-阴离子,例如二氟化氢。
在络合卤化物中,过渡元素,优选钛或锆优选地形成中心原子。络合卤化物例如包括六氟钛酸盐-阴离子、六氟锆酸盐-阴离子或它们的混合物。
优选以0.2重量%至10重量%,优选0.5重量%至8重量%的含量包含络合卤化物,基于转化剂水溶液的总重量计。合适的转化剂例如由Henkel,德国公司以Granodine的名称销售。优选地以10至300 ppm,优选20至200 ppm和特别优选30至100 ppm的含量包含这些盐类卤化物,各自基于转化剂溶液的总重量计。
包含氟化物和二氟化氢的含氟化物的溶液例如由Henkel公司以Grano Toner 38的名称提供。
为了制造所述转化层,可以将金属浸渍到转化剂中。此外,转化剂可以借助喷涂、刮涂、辊涂、模压、浸渍、辊轧、浇注或层压来施涂。
预处理之后,可以实施后钝化操作。这理解为用酸性溶液的钝化冲洗,其中优选地使用上述卤化物。
此外可以通过无晶形硅酸盐在金属表面上的火焰热解沉积来获得转化层。引导待处理的表面通过气体火焰的氧化区域,在该气体火焰中计量加入含硅物质,即前体。其燃烧并且残留物作为无晶形硅酸盐以层厚度为约20至40 nm的牢固附着层的形式沉积在表面上。
为了处理表面,由工作气体产生等离子体射束或由燃烧气体产生火焰射束,用该射束扫过表面,其中将至少一种前体材料输入到工作气体和/或等离子体射束或燃烧气体和/或火焰射束中,并在等离子体射束或火焰射束中反应,其中使所述前体中至少之一的至少一种反应产物沉积在表面上和/或至少一个设置于表面上的层上。这种方法例如描述在DE-A-102009042103中。
可以在大气压下处理表面。此外可以借助分光仪测量等离子体射束或火焰射束的光学排放物,借助其测定等离子体射束或火焰射束的特性。
表面处理可以在表面的活化或涂覆中借助等离子体射束或火焰射束来产生。
特别地,工作气体和前体的通过量可以彼此独立地控制和/或调节。除了等离子体源与待涂覆的表面的距离之外,可使用另一方式以影响层性能,例如层厚度或折射率。以该方式,同样可以实现梯度层。通过合适地选择这些工艺参数和所用的前体,可以例如有针对性地改变基材表面的以下性能:耐刮强度、自愈能力、阻档特性、反射特性、透射特性、折射率、透明度、光散射、导电性、抗菌特性、摩擦、粘附、亲水性、疏水性、疏油性、表面张力、表面能、抗腐蚀作用、防污作用、自净能力、光催化特性、抗应力特性、磨损特性、化学抵抗力、抗微生物特性、生物相容特性、静电特性、电致变色活性、光致变色活性、气致变色活性。
等离子体可以在自由喷射等离子体(Freistrahlplasma)源中产生。在该方法中,在两个同心电极之间引发高频放电,其中通过导入的气体流将形成的空心阴极等离子体以等离子体射流的形式从电极装置中输出到自由空间中通常若干厘米并朝向待涂覆的表面。该前体既可以在激发之前导入工作气体中(直接等离子体法),也可以在此之后导入到已经形成的等离子体中或其附近(远程等离子体法)。产生等离子体的另一可能性是使用介质阻挡(dielektrisch behindert)放电。在此,在两个电极之间引导通过用作电介质的工作气体,特别是空气。在输入高频高压的电极之间进行等离子体放电。
所述前体优选地以气体状态或以气溶胶的形式导入工作气体或等离子体流中。同样可以使用液体或固体的,尤其粉状的前体,但是它们优选地在导入之前例如通过蒸发转变为气态。也可以将前体首先导入载气中,由其一起被夹带并与其一起导入工作气体或等离子体流中。
沉积层优选地包含以下组分的至少一种:硅、银、金、铜、铁、镍、钴、硒、锡、铝、钛、锌、锆、钽、铬、锰、钼、钨、铋、锗、铌、钒、镓、铟、镁、钙、锶、钡、锂、镧系、碳、氧、氮、硫、硼、磷、氟、卤素和氢。该层特别地含有硅、钛、锡、铝、锌、钨和锆的氧化或/和氮化化合物。
作为前体,优选地使用有机硅和/或有机钛化合物,例如六甲基二硅氧烷、四甲基硅烷、四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四异丙醇钛或四异丁醇钛。
以该方法例如可以实现减少对于气体和水的渗透性的阻挡层。
作为工作气体,可以使用空气、蒸汽或其它气体,例如氧气、氮气、稀有气体、氢气、二氧化碳、气态烃类或其混合物。
作为用于燃烧的燃料气体,可以例如使用丙烷,其中供给空气或氧气用于燃烧。该燃料气体可以与空气或氧气预混。燃料气体和氧气或空气之间的混合比也可以作为参数根据所测定的特性来控制和/或调节。
等离子体可以在自由喷射等离子体源中或借助介质阻挡放电来产生。
前体优选地以气体状态或以气溶胶的形式导入工作气体或等离子体流中。也可以使用液体或固体的,尤其粉状的前体,但是它们优选地在导入之前例如通过蒸发转变为气态。前体也可以首先导入载气中,由其一起被夹带并与其一起导入工作气体或等离子体流中。
作为前体,优选地使用有机硅和/或有机钛化合物,例如六甲基二硅氧烷、四甲基硅烷、四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四异丙醇钛或四异丁醇钛。
在一个优选的实施方案中,具有阻挡作用的第一个层并且然后至少一个其它的层作为功能层。
在转化层干燥之后,随后将粘附力增强剂组合物全面或部分地施加在金属或转化层上。使具有施加的粘附力增强剂组合物的金属热交联或热干燥,其中有利的是120℃至240℃,优选150℃至225℃,优选175℃至200℃的物体温度且0.5分钟至30分钟,优选1分钟至20分钟,优选3分钟至10分钟的时间。本领域技术人员可以通过预测试确定合适的时间/温度条件。在辊轧法中,优选为180℃至230℃的峰值金属温度(PMT)。本领域技术人员将相应地设定设备速度或带速度以实现该PMT。
所述组合物因此热固化。
该组合物可以连续或不连续地借助电泳涂漆、静电喷射法、熔槽法(Wirbelsintern)、辊轧(例如卷材涂覆)、浇注、喷射和喷涂、层压、(热)模压、(共)挤出来施加,其中优选为喷涂法和辊涂法。在此,可以单面或双面、局部或全面地施涂本发明的组合物。该粘附力增强剂-组合物的经焙烤的层厚度(干燥层厚度)可以为10至1000 μm,优选为20至250 μm,和优选为30至150 μm。在辊轧法中,层厚度优选为5 μm至250 μm,特别是10 μm至50 μm。
然后将塑料例如通过注塑法或通过热模压施加在金属上,并且将该金属与塑料物理和/或化学地接合。优选地借助注塑技术来喷射该塑料。为此,将经涂覆的金属部件放入注塑工具中,并且在封闭该工具之后用塑料后注塑。在塑料熔体与经涂覆的金属表面接触时在组件之间产生材料连接的接合和粘附。该材料连接地接合的混合部件然后可以从注塑工具中脱模,并进一步地加工或者处理。
金属和塑料的组合然后可以在150℃至230℃下经受热处理2分钟至90分钟,优选5分钟至60分钟,以提高接合粘附和交联度。因此获得塑料与金属的材料连接的接合。这种制造的混合部件在经预处理和涂覆的金属和塑料之间具有持久的接合,并且显示高的机械和动态可负荷性。
合适的金属例如为含铁合金,例如钢、铝、铜、镁、钛以及上述金属的合金。优选的金属为钢、钛、铝以及上述金属的合金,特别优选为钢和铝以及铝合金。
优选的钢为非合金的钢和不锈钢。具有保护涂层的钢是特别优选的。合适的涂层例如为由锌、铝-硅、铝-锌、锌-铝、锌-铁或锌-镁制成的涂层,其中优选为铝-硅、锌-铝和锌。该涂层的组成例如定义于宣传册“Schmelztauchveredeltes Band und Blech”,钢信息中心,Stahl-Zentrum,Düsseldorf,德国,2010版中。
在施加塑料之前,可以将该经涂覆的金属修剪、变形或成形。变形或者成形可以在施涂上述组合物之前或之后进行。
塑料可以以已知方式,例如通过注塑、模压、层压、后注塑或(共)挤出施加于经涂覆的金属上。优选地借助注塑技术来注射该塑料。配备有本发明涂层的金属可以是在50℃至250℃下经预加热的,以例如在包覆注塑(Überspritzen)或共挤出时提高与塑料接触区域中的温度用于粘附力增强剂和塑料之间的良好接合。
合适的塑料例如包括聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、脂族或部分芳族的聚酰胺、含有聚酰胺的塑料混合物、苯乙烯聚合物例如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及上述塑料的混合物。聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯的混合物也是合适的。优选为脂族或部分芳族的聚酰胺、含有聚酰胺的塑料混合物、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚烯烃以及上述塑料的混合物,其中特别优选为聚酰胺。这些塑料优选是经增强的(增强物),例如纤维增强的,其中优选为玻璃纤维-(GF)或碳纤维-增强(CF)的塑料。此外,这些塑料可以含有填料,例如滑石或白垩。这些塑料可以还含有添加剂,例如稳定剂、抗冲改性剂、流动助剂和颜料。
优选的聚酰胺(PA)选自聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6.6、聚酰胺610、聚酰胺612、聚酰胺613、聚酰胺614、聚酰胺106、聚酰胺1010、聚酰胺1012、聚酰胺1212、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、聚邻苯二甲酰胺或者基于这些聚酰胺的混合物。特别优选的聚酰胺选自聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6.6、聚酰胺610、聚酰胺1010以及它们的混合物。这些聚酰胺优选地含有增强物。
本发明的另一主题是用于混合部件的涂层,其包含至少一个转化层和至少一层上述粘附力增强剂组合物(粘附力增强剂-层)。该层可由本发明的方法获得。
本发明的涂层可以用作混合部件的金属和塑料之间的粘附力增强剂。
本发明的另一主题是混合部件,其中金属与塑料至少通过本发明的涂层来接合。本发明的混合部件例如用于机器建造和设备建造、机动车建造中、航空工业、铁路建造、电子或电气技术中。常见的应用是在汽车内室、缓冲器、载重车身结构的领域中,作为框架部件和车身部件,例如前端支架、门-、顶-、底板-或汽车底盘组件或作为电子设备外壳。同样合适的应用领域为房屋建造和建筑领域中的门和窗的框架、型材、立面元件或导轨。
本发明的另一主题是金属基材,其用至少一种本发明的涂层涂覆。该基材可以例如是金属半成品或金属模制件。该基材优选为金属带、金属板、金属型材、金属铸件或金属线。
粘附力增强剂组合物
所述粘附力增强剂组合物包含至少一种基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂。该粘附力增强剂组合物可以以溶液、分散体或固体的形式存在。
该热熔胶粘剂包含至少一种共聚酰胺。该共聚酰胺可以由酰胺单体和共聚单体制备。通过该共聚单体优选地获得熔点为95℃至175℃的共聚酰胺。
所述酰胺单体优选选自月桂内酰胺、氨基十一烷酸或者它们的混合物。特别优选为基于月桂内酰胺的共聚酰胺。
该共聚单体优选地选自脂族或环脂族二胺、脂族或环脂族二羧酸、内酰胺和它们的混合物。这些共聚单体优选地相互独立地含有4至18个C-原子。合适的二羧酸例如为己二酸、癸二酸或十二烷二酸。合适的二胺例如为己二胺、癸二胺和十二亚甲基二胺。内酰胺例如己内酰胺也可以用作共聚单体。
优选的共聚单体为己内酰胺和由己二酸和己二胺优选以1:1的质量比构成的聚合物。
通过这些二胺中过量的胺基团产生具有反应性氨基端基的共聚酰胺。
所述共聚酰胺优选地具有75至400 mmol/kg的胺值。
该共聚酰胺的重均分子量优选为15000至70000 g/mol(借助凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)相对于聚苯乙烯标准来测量)。相对溶液粘度优选为1.2至1.8(根据ISO 307确定)。
该共聚酰胺或热熔胶粘剂可以以溶液、分散体或粉末的形式用于本发明组合物中,其中优选为粉末形式。合适的溶剂例如为间-甲酚。
粉末形式可以例如通过碾磨来获得,其中颗粒直径优选为<200 μm,优选为<100μm和特别优选为<70 μm(筛分分析)。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,向共聚酰胺中添加至少一种环氧化物组分和至少一种封端的多异氰酸酯作为热熔胶粘剂的其它成分。
该环氧化物组分通常具有1至2当量/kg的环氧指数。所用的环氧树脂的环氧当量重量可以为400至4000 g/mol,优选为700至3000 g/mol和优选为875至1000 g/mol(根据SMS 2026确定)。
合适的环氧树脂的OH-基团含量优选为2000至4500 mmol/kg,优选为2300至4000mmol/kg(SMS 2367方法)。
例如可以使用基于二元醇、多元醇或二羧酸的化合物作为环氧化物组分,其中优选为二元醇和特别优选为相应的酚-二元醇衍生物。非常特别优选的酚-二元醇衍生物为双酚,特别是双酚A。该环氧化物组分通常通过与表氯醇的反应来获得。
合适的环氧树脂具有1至1.3 kg/L,优选1.15至1.25 kg/L的密度(25℃;根据ASTMD792确定)。玻璃化转变温度(Tg)可以为20℃至100℃,优选为25℃至90℃,优选为40℃至60℃和特别优选为45至55℃(根据ASTM D3418确定)。熔化范围通常为45℃至150℃(根据DIN53181)。合适的环氧树脂例如可以由Hexion Specialty Chemicals,Inc.以EPIKOTEResin,例如EPIKOTE Resin 1001或1009的名称来获得。
所述热熔胶粘剂优选地以2.5至10重量%,优选4至6重量%的含量包含该环氧化物组分,各自基于该热熔胶粘剂的总重量计。
该热熔胶粘剂此外优选地以3至6重量%的含量含有固化剂,例如二氰胺(DCD),基于环氧树脂的总重量计。为了加速固化,可以添加脲衍生物,例如灭草隆或非草隆,由此可以降低固化温度或缩短固化时间。
所述封端的多异氰酸酯的含量优选为2.5至15重量%,优选4至6重量%,各自基于热熔胶粘剂的总重量计。
该封端的多异氰酸酯组分可以是芳族、脂族或环脂族的,其中优选为脂族或环脂族多异氰酸酯。用于异氰酸酯的封端剂,例如肟、酚或己内酰胺是本领域技术人员已知的。为了封端,该多异氰酸酯组分优选地作为脲二酮存在。常见实例由Evonik Industries,德国以VESTAGON的名称销售。
所述粘附力增强剂-组合物可以含有自交联或外部交联的粘合剂(对于术语“粘合剂”参见Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,NewYork,1998,Bindemittel,第73和74页)。在本发明的范围内,术语“自交联”表示粘合剂允许与自身交联反应的性能。为此的前提条件是在粘合剂中含有互补的反应性官能团,其彼此反应并因此导致交联。或者,粘合剂含有“与自身”反应的反应性官能团。相反,外部交联表示这样的粘合剂-体系,其中在粘合剂中存在一种互补的反应性官能团,并且在固化剂或交联剂中存在另一种。对此补充地参阅Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben,GeorgThieme Verlag,Stuttgart,New York,1998,Härtung,第274至276页,尤其第275页下部。
该粘附力增强剂-组合物可以还含有导电性物质,其选自石墨、炭黑、锌粉或这些物质的混合物,由此产生导电性的粘附力增强剂-组合物。
包含导电性粘附力增强剂-组合物的涂层的混合部件可以执行阴极浸涂(KTL)。
该粘附力增强剂-组合物可以此外含有有机溶剂。相应地,所述热熔胶粘剂可以以溶液或分散体的形式存在。合适的溶剂为极性或非极性有机溶剂。也可以使用极性和非极性溶剂的混合物。
该粘附力增强剂-组合物可以此外含有着色剂,优选地含有颜料。此外,可以含有功能性颜料,例如腐蚀防护颜料。
合适的热熔胶粘剂例如由Evonik Industries AG,德国公司以VESTAMELT的名称提供。例如可以提及X1027-P1、X1038-P1、X1316 P1和X1333-P1类型。
除了所述热熔胶粘剂以外,此外可以含有由多胺和形成聚酰胺的单体,例如内酰胺或ω-氨基羧酸构成的接枝共聚物,其例如描述在EP1065236A2中:
在接枝共聚物中,氨基浓度优选为100至2500 mmol/kg。
可以例如使用以下物质种类作为多胺:
- 聚乙烯胺(Römpp Chemie Lexikon,第9版,第6卷,第4921页,Georg ThiemeVerlag Stuttgart 1992);
- 由交替聚酮制备的多胺(DE-OS 196 54 058);
- 树状聚合物,例如
((H2N-(CH2)3)2N-(CH2)3)2-N(CH2)2-N((CH2)2-N((CH2)3-NH2)2)2
(DE-A-196 54 179)或
三(2-氨基乙基)胺、N,N-双(2-氨基乙基)-N',N'-双[2-[双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]-1,2-乙二胺、3,15-双(2-氨基乙基)-6,12-双[2-[双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]-9-[2-[双[2-双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]氨基]乙基]-3,6,9,12,15-五氮杂十七烷-1,17-二胺(J. M. Warakomski,Chem. Mat. 1992,4,1000-1004);
- 可通过4,5-二氢-1,3-噁唑的聚合和随后的水解制备的直链聚乙烯亚胺(Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,第E20卷,第1482-1487页,GeorgThieme Verlag Stuttgart,1987);
- 可通过氮丙啶的聚合获得和通常具有以下氨基分布的支化的聚乙烯亚胺(Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,第E20卷,第1482-1487页,GeorgThieme Verlag Stuttgart,1987):
25至46%的伯氨基,
30至45%的仲氨基和
16至40%的叔氨基。
在优选的情况下,多胺具有最大20000 g/mol,特别优选最大10000 g/mol和特别优选最大5000 g/mol的数均分子量Mn
用作形成聚酰胺的单体的内酰胺或ω-氨基羧酸含有4至19个和尤其6至12个碳原子。特别优选地使用ε-己内酰胺和月桂内酰胺或附属的ω-氨基羧酸。C12/C6-基础单元的摩尔比优选为4:1至1:4。热熔胶粘剂与接枝共聚物的质量比优选为19:1至1:1。
在最简单的情况下,所述官能化的聚烯烃是基于聚丙烯的。但是,乙烯/C3至C12-α-烯烃-共聚物也是合适的。使用例如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二烯作为C3-至C12-α-烯烃。该乙烯/C3至C12-α-烯烃-共聚物此外也可以含有最大大约10重量%的烯烃二烯,例如亚乙基降冰片烯或1,4-己二烯。优选地,酸酐基团用于官能化,其以已知的方式通过主链聚合物与不饱和的二羧酸酐或不饱和的二羧酸的热或自由基反应来引入。合适的反应物例如是马来酸酐或衣康酸酐。以该方式接枝0.1至4重量%,基于该官能化的聚烯烃的总重量计,这也可以与其它单体,例如苯乙烯一起进行。
经马来酸接枝的聚烯烃非常广泛地用于工业应用中,特别是用于抗冲改性或用作共混物和机械增强体系中的增容剂(Polymer,2001,42,3649-3655和所引用的文献)。提到的来源还例如描述了这种官能化的聚烯烃的制备。
官能化的聚烯烃的典型代表为基于聚丙烯的经酸酐接枝的Admer QB 520 E(Mitsui Chemicals)。原则上也可以使用Kometra公司的用马来酸接枝的更易流动的聚丙烯(例如SCONA TPPP 8012)。
另一种官能化可能性在于未官能化的聚烯烃与含有环氧化物基团或羧酸酐基团的反应性增容剂的熔体混合。常见实例为由乙烯、一种或多种具有马来酸酐或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的非反应性丙烯酸类单体构成的共聚物。Lotader AX8900(Arkema)为具有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-单元的典型代表。
所述聚酰胺组分与聚烯烃组分的比例为9:1至2:3。
即使在没有进一步详细解释的情况下,认为本领域技术人员可以最大程度地利用上述说明。因此,优选的实施方案和实施例仅应解释为描述性的,决不以任何方式限制的公开内容。
以下借助实施例更进一步阐述本发明。可类似地获得本发明的替代的实施方案。
实施例
用转化剂预处理各种金属合金的未预处理的板片。使用以下转化剂:
-A:Henkel,德国公司的Granodine 958 A,其尤其包含磷酸和双(磷酸二氢)锌,
-B:Henkel,德国公司的Granodine 958 A,其另外包含170 ppm的Henkel,德国公司的Grano Toner 38(包含氟化物-和二氟化氢-阴离子的组分),
-C:Henkel,德国公司的Granodine 1455 T,其尤其包含磷酸和二氢六氟钛酸盐(Dihydrogenhexafluorotitanat),和
-D:Henkel,德国公司的Alodine 4595,其尤其包含二氢六氟锆酸盐。
作为金属合金,使用:
-M1:根据DIN EN10142的HDG EA(板厚度0.6 mm),
-M2:根据DIN EN10346的DX56D Z140(板厚度1.0 mm),
-M3:根据DIN EN10346的DX51D Z140(板厚度1.0 mm),
-M4:根据DIN EN 573-3的AlMg3 EN AW-5754 H111,
-M5:根据DIN EN10142的Stahl ZSTE 800。
在根据制造商说明借助浸渍到溶液中并将层干燥来施加转化溶液之后,用粘附力增强剂-组合物涂覆金属样品。作为组合物,使用:
-I:作为粉末涂料的基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂,其包含环氧化物组分和封端的多异氰酸酯,
-II:包含29重量%的基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂的含溶剂喷涂漆料A,该热熔胶粘剂包含环氧化物组分和封端的多异氰酸酯,和
-III:包含30重量%的基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂的含溶剂喷涂漆料B,该热熔胶粘剂包含环氧化物组分和封端的多异氰酸酯,
-IV:作为粉末涂料的基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂(Evonik公司的VestameltZ2366-P1),该热熔胶粘剂包含环氧化物组分和封端的多异氰酸酯以及官能化的聚烯烃。
这四种组合物I至IV包含相同的热熔胶粘剂。
以50至70 μm的层厚度在喷涂法中施涂该漆料体系,并且以50至100 μm的层厚度静电地施涂粉末涂料。该喷涂漆料和粉末涂料在150℃下焙烤5分钟。为此,将经涂覆的板置于经预热的高压釜(烘箱)中。
焙烤过程之后,用冲切剪将板切割成尺寸为24.9 mm×59.8 mm(容许误差±0.2mm)的匹配注塑空腔的板条。
为了制造最终的混合部件,然后将板条放入经均热的注塑工具中并用热塑性塑料来包覆注塑。使用以下模塑料作为塑料组分:
K1:PA6GF30 Durethan BKV30 H2.0,购自LANXESS Deutschland GmbH公司
K2:PA610GF30 VESTAMID Terra HS1850,购自Evonik Industries AG公司
K3:PA1010GF65 VESTAMID Terra BS1429,购自Evonik Industries AG公司
K4:PA12GF30 VESTAMID L-GF30,购自Evonik Industries AG公司
K5:VESTAMID LX9012,购自Evonik Industries AG公司
K6:PA6TGF50 VESTAMID HTplus M1035,购自Evonik Industries AG公司
K7:PACM12 TROGAMID CX7323,购自Evonik Industries AG公司
K8:PPLGF30 Celstran PP-GF30-05CN01,购自TICONA公司
K9:PA6.6 Durethan A30S,购自LANXESS Deutschland GmbH公司
K10:PBTGF30 VESTODUR GF30,购自Evonik Industries AG公司。
在280℃的物料温度、80℃或120℃的工具温度和约30 ccm/s的注射速度下,在类型Allrounder 420(蜗杆直径25 mm)上加工塑料。但是对于PPAGF50和PPLGF30,使用120℃和70℃的工具温度和335℃和270℃的物料温度。在此重要的是设定约30 s的注射延迟,以使放入的板条可以预热至工具温度,由此有利于粘附。脱模之后,从浇口分离各个拉伸-剪切-测试体。
所用的测试体具有以下形状特征:
类型 长度,以mm计 宽度,以mm计 重叠,以mm2 金属板的厚度,以mm计 塑料组件的厚度
1 130 25 25 x 25 0.6或1 4 mm
2 130 25 12,5 x 25 0.6或1 4 mm
3 100 20 20 x 20 1.5 6 mm(重叠区域中4 mm)
将这样产生的测试体在23℃下在50%的相对空气湿度下贮存至少24 h,以确保均匀的调理状态。然后将测试体夹入标准拉伸测试机Zwick/Roell Z-020中,并且在23℃下以5 mm/min的速度以约15 mm/侧的夹具和重叠区域之间的距离测试。
KV HV 塑料 Temp.,以℃计 重叠,以mm计 粘附强度,以MPa计
M1* I K1 80 25x25 1.2
M1 A I K1 80 25x25 4.1
M1 B I K1 80 25x25 7.2
M1* I K1 120 25x25 1.7
M1 A I K1 120 25x25 6.7
M1 B I K1 120 25x25 8.4
M1 A II K1 120 25x25 5.3
M1 B II K1 120 25x25 6.2
M2 C II K1 120 25x25 7.4
M1 A III K1 120 25x25 8.0
M1 B III K1 120 25x25 8.3
M2 C III K1 120 25x25 8.8
M1 A I K1 80 12.5x25 11.2
M1 B I K1 80 12.5x25 13.1
M1 A II K1 80 12.5x25 13.9
M1 B II K1 80 12.5x25 14.9
M1 A I K9 80 12.5x25 5.8
M1 B I K9 80 12.5x25 6.5
M1 A I K3 80 12.5x25 11.9
M1 B I K3 80 12.5x25 12.6
M1 A II K3 80 12.5x25 13.5
M1 B II K3 80 12.5x25 14.1
M4 A II K3 80 12.5x25 11.2
M4 B II K3 80 12.5x25 12.5
M4 A II K6 120 12.5x25 7.9
M4 B II K6 120 12.5x25 10.2
M4 A I K10 80 12.5x25 2.2
M4 B I K10 80 12.5x25 4.5
M4 D I K10 80 12.5x25 3.9
M4* II K1 80 12.5x25 2.3
M4 A II K1 80 12.5x25 7.7
M4 B II K1 80 12.5x25 13.7
M4 D II K1 80 25x25 7.5
M4 D III K1 80 25x25 7.2
M4 D II K1 120 25x25 8.2
M4 D III K1 120 25x25 7.8
M3* B K2 80 12.5x25 n. m.
M3 B I K2 80 12.5x25 11.3
M3 B II K2 80 12.5x25 14.7
M4* B K2 80 12.5x25 n. m.
M4 B I K2 80 12.5x25 16.0
M4 B II K2 80 12.5x25 15.5
M3* B K3 80 12.5x25 n. m.
M3 B II K3 80 12.5x25 15.7
M4* B K3 80 12.5x25 n. m.
M4 B II K3 80 12.5x25 7.9
M3* B K1 80 12.5x25 n. m.
M3 B I K1 80 12.5x25 13.8
M3 B II K1 80 12.5x25 12.3
M4* B K1 80 12.5x25 n. m.
M4 B I K1 80 12.5x25 13.0
M4 B II K1 80 12.5x25 13.9
M4* B K5 80℃ 25x25 n. m.
M4 B I K5 80℃ 25x25 4.5
M3* B K6 120℃ 12.5x25 1
M3 B II K6 120℃ 12.5x25 11.9
M3* B K7 80℃ 25x25 n. m.
M3 B I K7 80℃ 25x25 4.8
M3 B II K7 80℃ 25x25 3.7
M4* B K8 70℃ 12.5x25 n. m.
M4 B IV K8 70℃ 12.5x25 5.8
M5* B K4 80℃ 20x20 n. m.
M5 B I K4 80℃ 20x20 8.8
M5 B II K4 80℃ 20x20 10.6
* 非根据本发明
n. m. = 不可测量(无粘附)
KV:转化剂;HV:粘附力增强剂组合物;Temp:工具温度。
结果显示,与无转化层的体系相比,通过由转化层和粘附力增强剂层制成的涂层可以在混合部件中的金属和塑料之间实现提高的粘附强度。在所用的含卤化物,优选含氟化物的转化剂(转化剂B和C)的情况下,特别地提高粘附强度。

Claims (10)

1.制造包含金属和塑料的混合部件的方法,其包含以下步骤
a. 通过施加至少一个转化层预处理所述金属表面,
b. 施加至少一层粘附力增强剂组合物,和
c. 将所述金属与塑料接合,
其特征在于所述粘附力增强剂组合物包含至少一种基于共聚酰胺的热熔胶粘剂,并且使用转化剂来产生所述转化层,其中所述转化剂包含卤化物。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于向所述共聚酰胺添加至少一种环氧化物组分和至少一种封端的多异氰酸酯作为所述热熔胶粘剂的其它成分。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于所述塑料是经增强的。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述转化剂包含盐类卤化物、络合卤化物或这些卤化物的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述转化剂包含氟化物。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于所述塑料通过注塑、模压、层压、后注塑或(共)挤出施加在所述经涂覆的金属上。
7.用于包含金属和塑料的混合部件的涂层,其包含至少一个转化层和至少一层粘附力增强剂组合物,其可通过根据权利要求1-6任一项的方法获得。
8.包含金属和塑料的混合部件,其中所述金属与塑料至少通过根据权利要求7的涂层接合。
9.根据权利要求7的涂层作为混合部件的金属和塑料之间的粘附力增强剂的用途。
10.金属基材,其用至少一种根据权利要求7的涂层涂覆。
CN201480019346.4A 2013-01-29 2014-01-29 制造金属‑塑料‑混合部件的方法 Active CN105229107B (zh)

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