CN1052233C - 从青脆枝中提取的生物碱及其应用和含该碱的组合物 - Google Patents

从青脆枝中提取的生物碱及其应用和含该碱的组合物 Download PDF

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CN1052233C
CN1052233C CN94114908A CN94114908A CN1052233C CN 1052233 C CN1052233 C CN 1052233C CN 94114908 A CN94114908 A CN 94114908A CN 94114908 A CN94114908 A CN 94114908A CN 1052233 C CN1052233 C CN 1052233C
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foetidine
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E·博马德里
G·马迪奇
L·韦洛塔
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Abstract

本发明涉及从青脆枝中提取的具有抗癌和抗病毒特性的新型生物碱氟艾替丁1和2。这些生物碱能溶于水,存在于植物的各个部分,且为喜树碱和9-甲氧基喜树碱(是已知具有药效特性的生物碱,但却不溶于水)的前体。该新型的化合物具有特殊的水溶性,可使它们适合于通过胃肠道外注入机体为病人治疗,避免使用赋形剂或不适用的化学衍生物。

Description

从青脆枝中提取的生物碱及其应用和含该碱的组合物
本发明涉及从青脆枝(MAPPIA FOETIDA)中提取的新型生物碱及其在治疗上的应用以及含该生物碱的组合物。
本发明的生物碱具有以下结构式(I):
Figure C9411490800041
氟艾替丁(foetidine)1:R=H氟艾替丁2:R=OCH3
通过用酸或碱,或用水解酶处理,氟艾替丁1和2可以分别定量地释出:在肿瘤学领域和治疗一些病毒疾病中是已知的生物碱—喜树碱或其衍生物,一种已在药理学上和临床上广泛试验的分子,或9-甲氧基喜树碱,其用于上述相同的症状。
式(II)的喜树碱,
与其它的化合物一起首次从喜树(Camptoteca acuminata)(珙桐科)和其中为青脆枝(Olinaceae)的其它的植物中分离出来;虽然对后者已研究了很长的时间,可是进一步的化学筛选却出乎意料地发现了这些新型的生物碱,甚至在加工该种植物的粗提取物时,也可以得到喜树碱。
在产生喜树碱的化合物中,特别重要的是氟艾替丁1,这是由于它在植物中的含量相当丰富。通过光谱分析和化学降解,对其结构式的阐明可以得到一种化合物的鉴定结果,其特征在于具有以香豆酸双酯化的亚精胺单元,该单元依次被开链的喜树碱单元酯化(参见式(I))。该化合物含于植物的各个部分,但尤以种子和根茎中为多,其含量为0.1-0.5%。与喜树碱相比,它的优点是在微酸性pH下易溶于水;相反,喜树碱在水中甚至在生物学上适用的所有载体中均完全不溶解,因此,从半合成的角度进行了充分的研究,以期消除这一缺陷。
氟艾替丁1是用低分子量的脂族醇或酮(单一的或在室温下与水的混合物)萃取植物的不同部分而得到的;将萃取液在低温和真空下浓缩,优选低于25℃;除去有机相,并用氯化的溶剂萃取浓缩水溶液,以提取含量极低的碱性生物碱,其中含有喜树碱、9—甲氧基喜树碱和mappicines;其后,用正丁醇或水不溶混的醇类萃取水相,随后,将其在低温和真空下浓缩至干。由丁醇萃取而得的残渣,在硅胶或类似的吸附剂上纯化,用作氯化溶剂的洗脱剂混合物,优选二氯甲烷,和脂族醇类,优选甲醇或乙醇。优选采用4∶1至1∶1的混合物。将本发明含有生物碱的部分合并、浓缩至干,残渣采用制备性HPLC,使用例如,LiClichrotrep RP8柱进一步纯化,并以甲醇/水之比从1∶1开始直到纯甲醇的甲醇/水洗脱梯度洗脱。含生物碱的部分在低温和真空下浓缩,并将浓缩的水溶液冷冻干燥。通过结晶而制得纯的生物碱。
将所得的化合物进行对人体肿瘤细胞系(卵巢、乳房、结肠、肺、对其它抗癌剂和类似的药剂是否有抗性)以及对某些病毒菌株的生物评价。事实上,已经知道喜树碱或它的一些较好的衍生物具有与抑制DNA拓扑异构酶I和II有关的细胞毒活性。
细胞毒性,例如对结肠癌细胞系约为25nM。氟艾替丁1的抗病毒活性,即使涉及菌株的不同耐药性,也可在1-100ng/ml的浓度下产生作用。氟艾替丁2在9-位上的甲氧基与氟艾替丁1的不同,但其作用类似。胞疹、细胞巨噬病毒和HIV病毒被证明对本发明的生物碱敏感。
本发明的化合物可以掺入各种药品的组合物中,但最重要的是在与血液相容的pH下,以水溶液的形式,很容易通过肠道外引入机体,而不致产生例如沉淀或不相容的问题。在该组合物中,所有传统的药用赋形剂均可采用。这些新型生物碱的剂量可为每次剂量和疗程为0.5-200mg。约50mg/m2的剂量被证明具有初步的疗效。
下列实施例将对本发明作详细说明,但对本发明的范围绝无限制。实施例1  从青脆枝的种子中制备氟艾替丁1
5kg磨细的青脆枝种子用50L丙酮在室温和搅拌下萃取3次,将丙酮萃取液合并,在真空下将其浓缩至10L;用10L 1%的柠檬酸溶液稀释该浓缩液,将不溶物过滤,并弃去,而氢化丙酮相则用二氯甲烷反相萃取,直至生物碱中可被萃取的物质(喜树碱、甲氧基喜树碱等)完全提尽为止;将氢化丙酮相浓缩并转移到水中,在pH7.5下中和后,用正丁醇萃取该浓缩液,直至将氟艾替丁1和2萃取至尽。将正丁醇溶液浓缩,并将残渣干燥,即得到约200g的丁醇组分,其如下分级分馏:将30g丁醇组分在500g硅胶上层析,首先用4∶1的二氯甲烷/甲醇混合物洗脱该柱,随后用7∶3相同溶剂的混合物洗脱。用7∶3混合物洗脱的含于组分中的产品在LiChroprep RP8柱上纯化,用甲醇/水梯度洗脱。将含有氟艾替丁1和2的组分合并,在真空和低于30℃下浓缩至干,将残渣从丙酮/己烷中结晶,得到5.1g氟艾替丁1,其具有的特征如下:m.p.157-58℃;αd=-37.9(c=0.31,MeOH)。1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO d6)8.60(1H,s,H-7),8.19(1H,t,J=5.2,H-10′),8.15(1H,d,J=8.6,H-12),8.05(1H,d,J=8.6,H-9),8.04(1H,t,J=5.2,H-19′),7.80(1H,t,J=7.8,H-11),7.65(1H,t,J=7.8,H-10),7.35(2H,d,J=8.6,H-3′+H-5′),7.34(2H,d,J=8.6,H-24′+H-28′),7.29(1H d,J=15.8,H-7′),7.28(1H,d,J=15.8,H-22′),6.76(4H,d,J=8.6 H-2′+H-6′+H-25′+H-27′),6.36(1H,d,J=15.8,H-8′),6.35(1H,d,J=15.8,H-21′),5.58,5.41(2H,体系AB,J=10.6,H-17),5.18(2H,s,H-5),3.21(2H,m,H-11′),3.13(2H,m,H-18′),2.84(4H,bt,J=7.2,H-13′+H-15′),2.02(1H,m,H-19A),1.96(3H,s,CH3CO),1.90(1H,m,H-19B),1.74(2H,m,H-12′),1.55(2H,m,H-16′),1.46(2H,m,H-17′),0.84(3H,t,J=7.2,H-18)13C-NMR(78.1MHz,DMSO d6)δ:175.23(s,C-21),170.81(s,CH3CO),166.27(s,C-9′),165.83(s,C-20′),161.43(s,C-16a),159.40(s,C-1′),159.14(s,C-15),153.50(s,C-2),148.36(s,C-13),143.56(s,C-3),139.37(d,C-7),139.06(d,C-22′),131.74(d,C-7),130.58(d,C-11),130.33(s,C-6),129.63(s,C-3′+C-5′),129.56(d,C-24′+C-28′),129.40(d,C-12),128.83(d,C-9),128.23(s,C-8),127.78(d,C-10),126.23(d,C-4′),126.13(s,C-23′),123.42(s,C-16),119.01(d,C-8′),118.68(d,C-21′),116.18(d,C-2′+C-6′+C-25′+C-27′),100.68(d,C-14),80.28(d,C-20),59.87(t,C-17),50.45(t,C-5),47.23(t,C-13′),45.36(t,C-15′),38.41(t,C-18),36.36(t,C-11′),33.40(t,C-19),26.99(t,C-12′),26.87(t,C-17′),24.04(t,C-16′),21.22(g.CH2CO),9.29(g.C-18).
从氟艾替丁1的结晶母液中,通过在反相的相同色谱洗脱剂纯化,即可得到氟艾替丁2(1.2g),其具有的特征如下:m.p.172-4℃,αd=-44.6(c0.35,MeOH)。除在3.2ppm芳环上的一OCH3的信号外,NMR光谱与氟艾替丁1的是可重叠的。实施例2  制备含有氟艾替丁1的冷冻干燥安瓿
将5g氟艾替丁1溶于500ml含有1.2g柠檬酸的蒸馏水中,将该溶液过滤、灭菌,然后在无菌室内将其装入100个安瓿中,并快速冷冻和冷冻干燥。

Claims (8)

1.通式(I)的化合物
其中,R是氢或甲氧基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,氟艾替丁1中的R是氢。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,氟艾替丁2中的R是甲氧基。
4.一种制备根据权利要求1的化合物的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:a)在室温下用低分子量的脂族醇类或酮类或与水的混合物萃取青脆枝植物的各个部分;b)在温度低于25℃和真空下浓缩该萃取液;c)用氯化溶剂萃取通过部分除去有机溶剂而得到的氢化丙酮浓缩液,以萃取碱性较低的生物碱;d)用正丁醇或水不溶混的醇类萃取水相;e)通过在低温和真空下浓缩而得的丁醇萃取液,采用色谱法在硅胶上或类似的吸附剂上,用氯化溶剂和脂族醇类作为溶剂对其进行纯化;f)将含有生物碱的组分浓缩至干,用制备HPLC纯化残渣,以甲醇/水之比从1∶1开始直至纯甲醇的甲醇/水梯度洗脱;g)冰冻干燥所得的萃取水溶液并结晶出纯生物碱。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中在步骤e)中二氯甲烷和甲醇或乙醇分别作为氯化的溶剂和脂族醇类,并按4∶1至1∶1的比例混合。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,其中在步骤f)中采用LiChro-prep RP8柱。
7.含有权利要求1-3的化合物作为活性组分的药用组合物。
8.权利要求1-3的化合物用于制备具有抗病毒作用的药物的用途。
CN94114908A 1994-05-30 1994-07-30 从青脆枝中提取的生物碱及其应用和含该碱的组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1052233C (zh)

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FI943294A (fi) 1995-12-01
NO942633D0 (no) 1994-07-13
KR950032253A (ko) 1995-12-20
KR0149723B1 (ko) 1998-08-17
NO942633L (no) 1995-12-01
ITMI941112A1 (it) 1995-11-30
GR960300006T1 (en) 1996-02-29
JP3615240B2 (ja) 2005-02-02
DE69406430D1 (de) 1997-11-27
EP0685481A2 (en) 1995-12-06
SK279615B6 (sk) 1999-01-11
GR3025120T3 (en) 1998-01-30
JPH07330772A (ja) 1995-12-19
RU2123005C1 (ru) 1998-12-10
HK1003833A1 (en) 1998-11-06
DE685481T1 (de) 1996-10-10
DE69406430T2 (de) 1998-02-26
ITMI941112A0 (it) 1994-05-30
HU9402089D0 (en) 1994-09-28
DK0685481T3 (da) 1998-05-25
SK83494A3 (en) 1995-12-06
ES2081783T1 (es) 1996-03-16
FI106202B (fi) 2000-12-15
CA2127763C (en) 1997-02-25
CA2127763A1 (en) 1995-12-01

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