CN1051304C - 制备烟碱醛水溶液的方法 - Google Patents

制备烟碱醛水溶液的方法 Download PDF

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CN1051304C
CN1051304C CN94102545A CN94102545A CN1051304C CN 1051304 C CN1051304 C CN 1051304C CN 94102545 A CN94102545 A CN 94102545A CN 94102545 A CN94102545 A CN 94102545A CN 1051304 C CN1051304 C CN 1051304C
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U·西格里斯特
H·肖兹派斯基
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Syngenta Participations AG
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    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
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    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract

一种在氢气及阮内镍存在下通过催化还原3-氰基吡啶制备烟碱醛水溶性介质的方法。

Description

制备烟碱醛水溶液的方法
本发明涉及在含水乙酸中在阮内镍存在下通过催化氢化式II3-氰基吡啶而制备式I烟碱醛的水溶液的方法。
Figure C9410254500031
烟碱醛(3-吡啶醛)是合成农业化学剂的有用试剂。例如,如公开的欧洲专利申请EP-A-0314615中所述,通过将烟碱醛与氨基三嗪酮4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪反应可制备杀虫剂6-甲基-4-(吡啶-3-基-亚甲氨基)-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-3(2H)-酮。
美国专利2,945,862中公开了一种通过氢化相应的腈即3-氰基吡啶而合成烟碱醛的方法,其中提倡使用强酸条件,提到的强酸有硫酸和草酸,其产率不很高。C.Ferri在Reaktionen derQrganischen Syntlese,P92,(1978)中提到,在阮内镍存在下催化氢化芳基腈(包括氰基吡啶)可得到相应的醛。它同样建议利用硫酸、草酸或磺酸来获得强酸性条件。强酸对阮内镍催化剂有害,而该催化剂抑制了副产物的形成。
P.Tinapp在Chem.Ber.102,P2770-2776(1969)中提到在不同酸存在下用阮内镍氢化芳香腈。仅在强酸存在的情况下才发生碳-氮三键选择性饱和,在乙酸存在的情况下则未观察到部分氢化。
公开了PCT申请WO92/02507公开的一种方法是通过在填铑催化剂存在下氢化3-氰基吡啶和伯胺的形成稳定的亚胺中间体而制备出醛。从该亚胺中间体中分离出氢化催化剂,然后水解该中间体,得到相应的醛。但是,该方法产率很低,况且在工业生产上使用铑是极其昂贵的。
因此,需要一种经过改进的、更经济、生态上可以接受的烟碱醛合成法。抑制方法的缺点包括选择性低、产率差及对镍催化剂和生产容器的腐蚀。
现已令人惊奇地发现,在温和的反应条件下可获得高浓度的烟碱醛,且具有高产率及高选择性。并且也已发现不必使用昂贵的填铑催化剂。
本发明的目的是要提供一种制备烟碱醛的方法,它是在氢气及阮内镍存在下通过催化还原3-氰基吡啶而达到10-60%(重量)烟碱醛的水溶性介质,其特征在于:
a)以氰基吡啶的重量计,所存在的阮内镍催化剂的重量为2-10%;
b)溶剂为含水乙酸;
c)pH值为3.5-7;
d)温度低于或等于40℃;
e)氢气压力为2×104-5×105N/m2
f)氢气摄入量相对于氰基吡啶高达110%,和
g)相对于氰基吡啶存在过量的水。
该方法可连续进行或分批进行。优选分批方法。本发明方法的产物可直接用于进一步的合成步骤,或者是贮存备用。
水溶性介质中的烟碱醛的量优选为20-50wt%,更优选为25-40wt%。
阮内镍的量相对于氰基吡啶优选为3-7wt%,它在使用前保存于水下。
羧酸的量可为化学计算量或略为亚化学计算量或相对于氰基吡啶过量。优选化学计算量。在本发明方法进行过程中pH快速升至约5,且令人惊奇地发现,反应在该pH值下进行完全而不需进一步加入羧酸。也可通过连续加入羧酸控制pH。优选的溶剂是含水乙酸。
温度优选为10-30℃,更优选为20-30℃。氢气压力优选为5×104-3×105N/m2,更优选为5×104-1.5×105N/m2。相对于氰基吡啶的重量,水含量优选过量不超过60%,更优选不超过40%。反应时间通常为3-6小时。
与存在腐蚀性介质如无机酸的现有技术相反,本发明羧酸对镍催化剂无腐蚀性。盐酸在这方面的一个尤其不足是产生氯化铵,它引起对生产容器的进一步腐蚀。
本发明方法的优点如下:
i)所形成的烟碱醛是一种能稳定保存的溶液;
ii)不产生腐蚀性氯化铵;
iii)仅需要极低浓度的镍催化剂;
iv)具有很高的反应选择性,导致副产物产量的下降;
v)具有很高的醛产率;
vi)镍对醛溶液的污染较少;
vii)大容量物料通过量提高了生产能力,从而降低了单位成本。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制备式III化合物的方法。其中R1为氢、C1-C12烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C6烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基、苯基、苄基、苯乙基、苯丙基、苯丁基或苯戊基,或者为被卤素、C1-C5烷基、C1-C2卤代烷基、甲氧基和/或乙氧基单取代或双取代的苯基、苄基、苯乙基、苯丙基、苯丁基或苯戊基,R2为氢、C1-C6烷基或C3-C6环烷基,或为未被取代的或被C1-C12烷基、卤素或C1-C12卤代烷基取代的苯基,或R1和R2共同形成饱和或不饱和三至七元碳环,R3为氢或C1-C6烷基,Z为-N=CH或-NH-CH2 -,该方法包括将式IV的氨基三嗪酮
Figure C9410254500071
其中R1、R2和R3的定义同前,与式V的醛反应
Figure C9410254500072
并根据需要,通过选择性还原将所产生的吡啶基-亚甲氨基-三嗪酮转化为吡啶基-甲基氨基-三嗪酮,其中式V的醛是在氢气及阮内镍存在下通过催化还原3-氰基吡啶制得,该方法的特征在于:
a)相对于氰基吡啶所存在的阮内镍的基为2-10wt%,
b)溶剂为含水乙酸,
c)pH为3.5-7,
d)温度低于或等于40℃,
e)氢气压力为2×104-5×105N/m2
f)相对于氰基吡啶,摄入的氢气量高达110%,
g)相对于氰基吡啶,存在过量的水。
优选的式III化合物是其中R1为氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C5环烷基、苯基或被卤素、C1-C3烷基、甲氧基或乙氧基单取代或双取代的苯基,R2和R3各自为氢或C1-C4烷基,且Z为-N=CH-或NH-CH2-的化合物,更优选其中R1为氢、C1-C4烷基、环丙基或苯基;R2为氢、甲基或已基;R3为氢或甲基;且Z为-N=CH-或NH-CH2-的式III化合物;最优选6-甲基-4-(吡啶-3-基-亚甲氨基)-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-3(2H)-酮。
本发明的一优选实施方案是如下方法,其中式IV氨基三嗪酮是通过在氯化氢(优选气态)存在下在醇介质中对式VI化合物进行溶剂分解而制得,其中R1、R2和R3的定义同前,R4为H、C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、被1-9个氯原子取代的C1-C4烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、C1-C3烷硫基、苯基、吡啶基、被选自卤素、甲基、已基、甲氧基、甲硫基或硝基的1-3个取代基取代的苯基或吡啶基。
醇介质可由一个或多个伯、仲或叔醇组成。其例子有甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇或它们的混合物。优选甲醇。
如果使用气态氯化氢,溶剂分解的反应介质可以是无水的或含有非常少量的水,使得水含量相对于式VI乙酰基三嗪酮为0-5wt%。优选基本无水的条件,即相对于式VI乙酰基三嗪酮的水含量为0-3wt%,更优选0-2wt%。尤其优选无水条件,即0wt%水含量。
溶剂分解反应可在0℃至所用溶剂沸点之间的温度范围内进行,优选的温度范围为40-50℃。
如果使用气态氯化氢,可将无水HCl泵入反应混合物中,并循环未反应的HCl。由于水含量为0或极低,该反应条件对反应容器无腐蚀。
本发明的该方法可分批进行或连续进行。优选分批进行。
通过氨基三嗪酮的盐酸盐形式形成和沉淀,结合双取代COR2基团酯的形成,得到几乎定量的转化。
以下实施例说明了本发明的方法。
醛产率是通过HPLC或通过用4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪(缩写为氨基三嗪酮)衍生进行重量分析而测得。实施例1(实验室规模)
将124.8g 3-氰基吡啶、277g水和72.2g乙酸在搅拌高压釜中混合。向混合物中加入溶于50g水的14.6g湿阮内镍(Ni含量约60%),然后在1巴恒定氢气压力下氢化。当110%化学计算量氢气被吸收(约5小时后)后,移去搅拌器,用氮气骤冷反应混合物。在氩气环境下滤去催化剂,并用水浸泡。过滤后得到515g产物溶液,通过HPLC测得20.9% 3-吡啶醛。它代表理论产率的85.2%。3-吡啶甲醇的比例为0.4%,3-吡啶甲胺的比例为1.5%。经用氨基三嗪酮衍生后发现醛的产率为84%。催化剂镍的损失为115mg,相当于总镍含量的1.3%。实施例2(中间规模)
重量实施例1的步骤,所不同的是使用200kg 3-氰基吡啶,并加入相应量的其它试剂(1600倍规模)。过滤后得到873kg产物溶液,3-吡啶醛的含量为22.0%(理论产率的93.3%)。溶液中3-吡啶甲胺的含量为1.1%,3-吡啶甲醇为0.1%。催化剂中镍的损失为总镍含量的0.5%。实施例3(于恒定的pH5)
将104g 3-氰基吡啶和200g水在搅拌釜中合并。将12.1g湿阮内镍(镍含量约为60%)的42g水中的溶液加到反应混合物中,然后于1巴恒定氢气压力及室温条件下氢化。为了维持恒定的pH5,加入191g乙酸。当110%理论氢气量被吸入后,移去搅拌器,用氮气使反应混合物骤冷。在氩气环境下滤去催化剂并浸入水中。过滤后得到561g 3-吡啶醛溶液。经用氨基三嗪酮衍生140.2g溶液后,发现醛产率为84%。催化剂中镍损失为42mg,相当于总镍含量的0.6%。实施例4(于5巴氢气压力)
重复实施例1的步骤,只是将氢气压力维持在5巴。过滤后,得到产物溶液,通过HPLC测得14%3-吡啶醛,代表产率为64%。经用氨基三嗪酮衍生后,醛产率为68%。实施例5(于pH4.7-7)
重复实施例1的步骤,所不同的是加入57.6g乙酸和19.6g乙酸钠。经用氨基三嗪酮衍生后醛产率为73%。催化剂中镍损失为总镍含量的0.5%。实施例6(3-氰基吡啶于水中的浓度为50%)
重复实施例1的步骤,所不同的是使用31.2g 3-氰基吡啶和31.2g水。用氨基三嗪酮衍生后发现醛产率为82%。实施例7(催化剂被循环)
重复实施例1的步骤。当110%理论量氢气被摄入后,用氮气终止反应,并通过安装在反应器底座处的0.5μm烧结金属板(表面积4.5cm2)过滤氢化溶液。通过加入3-氰基吡啶、水和乙酸,同样的催化剂如实施例1一样重复使用。通过用氨基三嗪酮衍生发现,前三次重复循环(其氢化时间几乎恒定)的醛产率为76%。实施例8
制备4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪
Figure C9410254500111
制备39.9g(0.234mol)6-甲基-4-乙醛氨基-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-3-(2H)-酮于99g 95%甲醇中的悬浮液。加热该悬浮液至45℃,并或为清晰无色溶液。于45-50℃,在2-3小时内共向该溶液中通入15.4g(0.421mol)HCl·在约30%HCl被加入后用4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪盐酸盐接种反应混合物。随后4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪以盐酸盐形式连续析出。搅拌2小时后,达到最大转化99%以上。加入50%NaOH溶液调节反应混合物至pH5,形成游离氨基三嗪酮4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪,它为溶液重量的14.3%。它代表了理论产率的99.2%。实施例9
制备6-甲基-4-(吡啶-3-基亚甲氨基)-4,5-二氢-1,2,4-三嗪-3(2H)-酮
向164g 4-氨基-6-甲基-3-氧代2,3,4,5-四氢-1,2,4-三嗪-盐酸盐的500ml甲醇悬浮液中加入50%NaOH溶液,直至pH为6。再加入486g含22%3-吡啶醛的水溶液,同时维持温度在70℃以下。加完之后,将反应混合物于65℃维持2小时。然后将悬浮液冷却至5℃,过滤并干燥,得到标题化合物。

Claims (6)

1.一种在氢气及阮内镍存在下通过催化还原3-氰基吡啶而制备10-60%烟碱醛的水溶液的方法,其特征在于:
a)相对于氰基吡啶存在的阮内镍催化剂的量为2-10wt%,
b)溶剂为含水乙酸,
c)pH在3.5-7之间,
d)温度低于或等于40℃,
e)氢气压力在2×104-5×105N/m2
f)相对于氰基吡啶,吸入的氢气量高达110%,且
g)相对于氰基吡啶,存在过量的水。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中阮内镍的存在量相对于氰基吡啶为3-7wt%。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中反应温度为10-30℃。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中氢气压力为5×104-3×105N/m2
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中氢气压力为5×104-1.5×105N/m2
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中水含量过量高达60wt%。
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US5384403A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-01-24 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the preparation of aminotriazine derivatives
UA76708C2 (uk) * 1999-12-08 2006-09-15 Сінгента Патисипейшонс Аг Антитіло, яке застосовується в імунологічному аналізі зразка для визначення неонікотиноїдного інсектициду, білковий кон'югат для одержання антитіла, спосіб визначення концентрації неонікотиноїдного інсектициду в зразку та набір для визначення кількості неонікотиноїдного інсектициду
US6437122B2 (en) 1999-12-17 2002-08-20 Koei Chemical Company, Limited Method for producing a heterocyclic nitrile
DE10005150A1 (de) 2000-02-07 2001-08-09 Merck Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von 5-Arylnicotinaldehyden
JP2006151863A (ja) * 2004-11-29 2006-06-15 Koei Chem Co Ltd アルデヒドピリジン類水溶液の安定化方法
US9556142B2 (en) * 2014-10-22 2017-01-31 Next Generation Labs, LLC Process for the preparation of (R,S)-nicotine
AU2018367119B2 (en) * 2017-11-16 2023-05-11 Syngenta Participations Ag Process for the preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically enriched cyclobutane amines and amides
CN108863913B (zh) * 2018-08-02 2020-10-16 河北威远生物化工有限公司 一种提高烟醛稳定性的方法

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EP0314615A2 (de) * 1987-10-16 1989-05-03 Ciba-Geigy Ag Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel

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GB9304191D0 (en) 1993-04-21
CN1229081A (zh) 1999-09-22
CZ286629B6 (cs) 2000-05-17
CN1126719A (zh) 1996-07-17
US5646288A (en) 1997-07-08
CA2493275C (en) 2007-01-23
EP0613888A1 (en) 1994-09-07
NZ250990A (en) 1996-05-28
IL108768A0 (en) 1994-06-24
HU219149B (hu) 2001-02-28
HU0002606D0 (en) 2000-09-28
PL302427A1 (en) 1994-09-05
AU5648094A (en) 1994-09-08
JPH06316562A (ja) 1994-11-15
BR9400771A (pt) 1994-10-11
CA2493275A1 (en) 1994-09-03
KR940021525A (ko) 1994-10-19
EP0613888B1 (en) 1997-08-20
ATE157087T1 (de) 1997-09-15
CN1092651C (zh) 2002-10-16
PL176299B1 (pl) 1999-05-31
DE69405023T2 (de) 1998-01-15
CA2116631A1 (en) 1994-09-03
JP3981892B2 (ja) 2007-09-26
PH30361A (en) 1997-04-02
PL178958B1 (pl) 2000-07-31
IL108768A (en) 2000-06-29
DE69405023D1 (de) 1997-09-25
KR100278348B1 (ko) 2001-01-15
CA2116631C (en) 2005-04-19
HU9400608D0 (en) 1994-07-28
HUT71637A (en) 1996-01-29
HU227611B1 (en) 2011-09-28
ES2107164T3 (es) 1997-11-16
AU688745B2 (en) 1998-03-19
SG42935A1 (en) 1997-10-17
ZA941409B (en) 1994-09-02
CZ45394A3 (en) 1994-10-19
DK0613888T3 (da) 1998-03-09
SK24194A3 (en) 1994-12-07
CZ286594B6 (cs) 2000-05-17
US5484918A (en) 1996-01-16

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