CN105102499B - 基于环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的树脂混合物及其应用 - Google Patents
基于环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的树脂混合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105102499B CN105102499B CN201380061242.5A CN201380061242A CN105102499B CN 105102499 B CN105102499 B CN 105102499B CN 201380061242 A CN201380061242 A CN 201380061242A CN 105102499 B CN105102499 B CN 105102499B
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- C08F122/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
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- C08F122/20—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
- C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
- C04B40/065—Two or more component mortars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G59/1433—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G59/1438—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing oxygen
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G59/1494—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment followed by a further chemical treatment thereof
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00715—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for fixing bolts or the like
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂作为基础树脂以及任选地至少一种反应性稀释剂、至少一种稳定剂和至少一种促进剂的树脂混合物,其中所述的改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂可通过具有环氧基团的有机化合物与(甲基)丙烯酸反应,随后将在反应期间形成的β‑羟基用饱和二羧酸的酸酐部分酯化而获得,本发明还涉及含有所述树脂的反应树脂灰泥以及将其用于化学固定的用途,可以用所述的反应树脂灰泥制备不需要标识并且可提供高粘结负荷能力的产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂作为基础树脂的树脂混合物、一种含有该树脂混合物的反应树脂灰泥以及将其用于化学固定的用途。
背景技术
使用基于自由基可固化化合物的反应树脂灰泥作为粘合剂长期为人所知。在固定技术领域,使用树脂混合物作为用于化学固定技术的有机粘合剂,例如作为锚固料。所涉及的是作为多组分体系批量生产的粘结料,其中的一种组分是含有树脂混合物的A组分,另一种组分是含有固化试剂的B组分。在其中一种组分和/或者另一种组分中可以含有其它常见的成分,如有机或无机添加料,例如填料、促进剂、稳定剂、触变剂、减敏剂、增稠剂或溶剂包括反应性溶剂(反应性稀释剂)和染料。通过混合这两种组分并且然后通过形成自由基,开始固化反应,也就是聚合,将树脂固化为热固性塑料。
通常使用乙烯基酯树脂和不饱和聚酯树脂作为自由基可固化的化合物,尤其用于化学固定技术。其含有用于调整粘度的特定反应性稀释剂。此外,由DE 10 2004 035 567A1已知可以通过相应选择反应性稀释剂针对特定的地基优化反应树脂灰泥。由该文献可知,使用羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯作为反应性稀释剂能够显著提高混凝土中的粘结负荷能力。相应地,目前的快速固化型双组分锚固料均基于含有显著份额的羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯(以下也简称为HPMA)的树脂混合物。HPMA以及其它羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯如羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(HEMA)均被标识为刺激性(Xi),使得由于这些化合物在树脂混合物中的含量并非微不足道,因此同样要将这些产品的树脂组分标识为刺激性(Xi)。弃用这些极性单体通常会使得粘结锚栓的性能显著变差。
因此,粘结灰泥体系的使用者当前必须在市场上的粘结负荷性能平庸但是无需标识的体系与粘结负荷性能较高但是需要标识的体系之间作出决定。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种反应树脂灰泥,在不使用需要标识的羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯的情况下,使用所述的反应树脂灰泥能够实现比目前市场上存在的无需标识的反应树脂灰泥更高的粘结负荷能力。
根据本发明,通过使用环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂(其羟基用低份额饱和C3-C5-二羧酸的酸酐进行改性),可解决该任务。
为了更好理解本发明,本文所用术语的以下解释被认为是有意义的,在本发明的意义上表示:
-“基础树脂”:固化或可固化的纯化合物,能够自身固化或者与反应剂如固化剂、促进剂(不包含在基础树脂中)等通过聚合固化;可固化的化合物可以是单体、二聚体、低聚物和预聚物;
-“树脂母料”:在合成之后制备基础树脂的产物(不分离基础树脂),其可以含有反应性稀释剂、稳定剂和催化剂;
-“树脂混合物”:树脂母料与促进剂以及稳定剂和任选其它反应性稀释剂构成的混合物;该术语与“有机粘合剂”同义地使用;
-“反应树脂灰泥”:树脂混合物与无机添加料构成的混合物;为此同义地使用术语“A组分”;
-“固化试剂”:引起基础树脂的聚合(固化)的物质;
-“固化剂”:固化试剂与有机和/无机添加料构成的混合物;
-“促进剂”:能够使聚合反应(固化)加速的化合物,用于加速形成自由基引发剂;
-“聚合抑制剂”:能够抑制聚合反应(固化)的化合物,其一方面用于避免聚合反应,并且可在储存期间避免自由基可聚合化合物不希望的提前聚合,其中通常以很少的量使用这些化合物,使得凝胶时间不受影响;另一方面,聚合抑制剂用于在添加固化试剂之后即刻延缓聚合反应,其中通常以影响凝胶时间的量使用这些化合物;
-“反应性稀释剂”:液态或者低粘度的基础树脂,稀释其它基础树脂、树脂母料或者树脂混合物,由此赋予应用所需的粘度,含有能够与基础树脂反应的官能团,并且在聚合(固化)时大部分变成固化物料(灰泥)的组成部分;也称作可共聚的单体。
-“凝胶时间”用于不饱和聚酯树脂或乙烯基树脂,通常用过氧化物固化,树脂固化阶段的时间相当于凝胶时间,在此期间树脂的温度从+25℃升高到+35℃。这大致相当于树脂的流动性或粘度处在仍可简单加工或处理反应性树脂或反应树脂物料的范围内的这个时间段;
-“凝胶时间偏移”(针对特定的所选的时间段,例如30或者60天),表示在不同于固化参考标准时间点的另一时间点固化时,例如在制备反应树脂或反应树脂料之后24小时,所观察的凝胶时间偏离参考时间点的现象;
-“灰泥料”指的是除了反应树脂物料之外还含有其它有机或无机填料并且能够原样直接用于化学固定的配制剂;
-“双组分灰泥体系”指的是包括A组分、反应树脂灰泥、和B组分、固化剂的体系,其中将这两种组分抑制反应性分开储存,使得反应树脂灰泥只有在其混合之后,才进行固化;
-“(甲基)丙烯酸.../...(甲基)丙烯酰...”,不仅包括“甲基丙烯酸.../...甲基丙烯酰...”化合物,而且也包括“丙烯酸.../...丙烯酰...”化合物;
-“环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯”:具有丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团、基本上不含环氧基团的环氧树脂衍生物;
-“环氧当量质量”:具有一当量[Val]环氧官能团的环氧树脂的量,以[g]计,由以[g/Mol]计的摩尔质量M除以以[Val/Mol]计的官能度f计算出;(EEW[g/Val]);
-“羧基当量质量”:具有一当量[Val]羧基官能团的羧基化合物的量,以[g]计,由以[g/Mol]计的摩尔质量M除以以[Val/mol]计的官能度f计算出;(COOH-EW[g/Val]);
-“冷固化”:树脂混合物和反应树脂灰泥能够在室温下完全固化。
反应树脂灰泥通常如下制备:通过将制备基础树脂所需的起始化合物任选地与催化剂和溶剂尤其是反应性稀释剂一起加入反应器中,使其相互进行反应。在反应结束之后,任选在反应开始就已将用于防止提前聚合的聚合抑制剂加入到反应混合物之中,从而获得所谓的树脂母料。通常向树脂母料加入用于基础树脂的固化的促进剂,任选地加入用于调整凝胶时间的附加抑制剂(可以与用来改善储存稳定性的稳定剂相同或不同),并且任选地加入其它溶剂尤其是反应性稀释剂,从而获得树脂混合物。为了调整不同的特性,如基础树脂的流变和浓度,向该树脂混合物混以无机添加料,从而获得反应树脂灰泥。
优选的树脂混合物因此含有至少一种基础树脂、至少一种反应性稀释剂、至少一种促进剂和聚合抑制剂。反应树脂灰泥优选除了含有上述树脂混合物之外,还含有有机和/或无机添加料,其中尤其优选无机添加料,如以下将详细描述的那些。
本发明的第一个主题涉及一种具有改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂作为基础树脂的树脂混合物,其中改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂可通过如下获得:(i)具有环氧基团且数均摩尔质量在129至2,400g/Mol范围内的有机化合物与(甲基)丙烯酸反应,随后(ii)在反应中形成的β-羟基与饱和C3-C5-二羧酸的酸酐进行部分酯化。
令人惊奇的是,基于此类树脂混合物的反应树脂灰泥具有与未改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯相当直至有时更高的粘结负荷能力。即使与那些其羟基部分地用不饱和二羧酸如马来酸酐进行改性的环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯为基础的反应树脂灰泥相比,也能部分实现较高的粘结负荷能力,尽管通过马来酸提高了每个树脂分子的双键密度。根据DE 19956779 A1,每个分子具有更高的双键密度的树脂体系与每个分子具有较小的双键密度的相当的体系相比应具有更高的耐温性和耐化学性,因此具有更高的强度。相应地,令人惊奇的是,用基于根据本发明的树脂混合物的反应树脂灰泥能够在化学固定技术领域实现更好的性能,尤其是基于更好的粘结负荷能力方面。
此外,还可以通过根据本发明的树脂混合物配制反应树脂灰泥,而不必使用羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、尤其不使用常用的羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯作为反应性稀释剂,而对粘结负荷能力没有不利影响。
通过具有环氧基团的有机化合物与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的反应获得环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂,使得树脂必要时在分子末端具有丙烯酰氧基或者甲基丙烯酰氧基,并且在分子主链中相对于所形成的丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基的2位中具有羟基(以下也称作β-羟基)。每环氧当量适宜使用0.7至1.2羧基当量的(甲基)丙烯酸。优选大致以化学计量比使用具有环氧基团的有机化合物和(甲基)丙烯酸,也就是,有机化合物的每个环氧当量使用大约一当量(甲基)丙烯酸。反应在专业人士已知的催化剂如季铵盐的存在下进行。
适宜用作具有环氧基团的有机化合物是分子量相当于129至2,400g/Mol范围内的数均摩尔质量并且平均每个分子含有至少一个、优选1.5至2个环氧基团的有机化合物。特别优选缩水甘油醚或者缩水甘油酯类型的环氧基团,其通过环氧卤丙烷尤其是环氧氯丙烷与单官能或多官能脂族或芳族羟基化合物、巯基化合物或羧酸或其混合物反应而获得。所获得的具有环氧基团的有机化合物优选具有87至1,600g/Val、更优选具有160至800g/Val、最优选具有300至600g/Val范围内的环氧当量(EEW)。
适合的具有环氧基团的化合物的实例是多元酚的聚缩水甘油醚例如焦儿茶酚、间苯二酚、氢醌、4,4′-二羟基二苯基甲烷、2,2-(4,4′-二羟基二苯基)丙烷(双酚A)、双(4-羟苯基)甲烷(双酚F)、4,4′-二羟基二苯基砜(双酚S)、4,4′-二羟基二苯基环己烷、三-(4-羟苯基)甲烷、酚醛清漆树脂(也就是在酸性催化剂的存在下,一元或多元酚与醛尤其与甲醛的反应产物),如苯酚-酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚-酚醛清漆树脂。
此外,还可以列举但不限于以下化合物:单醇的缩水甘油醚例如正丁醇或者2-乙基己醇;或者多元醇的缩水甘油醚,例如1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、甘油、苄醇、新戊二醇、乙二醇、环己烷二甲醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和聚乙二醇、异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯;多元硫醇的聚缩水甘油硫醚,如二巯基甲基苯;或者单羧酸的缩水甘油酯如新癸酸的缩水甘油酯;或者多元芳族和脂族羧酸的缩水甘油酯,例如邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯,间苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯,对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯,四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯,己二酸二缩水甘油酯和六氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯。
尤其优选通式(I)的二元羟基化合物的二缩水甘油醚作为具有环氧基团的有机化合物
其中R是未取代或取代脂族或芳族基团,优选是芳族基团,更优选是具有6至24个碳原子的芳族基团,并且n的平均值等于0至3。R尤其优选是双酚类型的基团,如双酚A、双酚F或者双酚S,或者是酚醛清漆树脂类型的基团,其中尤其优选是双酚类型的基团。n的平均值优选大约为0.1、大约为1或者大约为2。在此,在本发明的意义上,将n~0.1的化合物称作单体,并且将n~1或2的化合物称作聚合物。
与单体化合物相比,聚合物化合物的优点在于显著减小了树脂混合物中的基础树脂含量,使得树脂混合物在制备方面较经济地,因为由此可以降低制备成本。
可以本体、或者在合适的溶剂中制备具有环氧基团的有机化合物,其中优选使用以下将详细说明的反应性稀释剂作为溶剂。
根据本发明,通过环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的β-羟基用饱和C3-C5-二羧酸的酸酐仅部分酯化获得改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂。所述饱和C3-C5-二羧酸选自丙二酸(也称作:缩苹果酸)、丁二酸(也称作:琥珀酸)和戊烷二酸(也称作:戊二酸),根据本发明尤其优选琥珀酸酐。
仅低份额的β-羟基的酯化就已在标准条件下(+20℃)和提高的温度下(+40℃)对粘结负荷能力起到了积极的作用。为了在-10℃范围内的较低温度下实现较高的粘结负荷能力,至少在使用单体环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯的情况下需要较高的改性程度。
对于环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的β-羟基的酯化,环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的每个β-羟基适宜使用1至50Mol%、优选使用2至30Mol%、更优选使用3至15Mol%的饱和C3-C5-二羧酸的酸酐。
可以使用改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂或者环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的混合物作为基础树脂,其中所述混合物也可以由不同改性程度的一种环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂构成,或者由具有相同或不同改性程度的不同环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂构成。
基础树脂也就是改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的用量为基于树脂混合物的20至100wt-%,优选为20至60wt-%,所述用量主要取决于是否涉及以上定义的单体或者聚合基础树脂。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,树脂混合物含有其它低粘度的可自由基共聚的化合物,优选含有不需要进行标识的化合物作为反应性稀释剂,以便必要时在制备过程中调整改性环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯或者其前体的粘度。可以基于树脂混合物的0至80wt-%、优选以40至80wt-%的量加入反应性稀释剂。其中一部分可以源自于树脂母料。
申请EP 1 935 860 A1和DE 195 31649 A1中均描述了合适的反应性稀释剂。树脂混合物优选含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯作为反应性稀释剂,其中尤其优选脂族或芳族C5-C15-(甲基)丙烯酸酯。适合的实例包括:(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯、1,2-乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯、乙基三甘醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲基氨基甲基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚乙二醇胺单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三甲基环己基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二环戊烯基氧乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或三环戊二烯基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、双酚-A-(甲基)丙烯酸酯、酚醛清漆树脂环氧二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二-[(甲基)丙烯酰基-马来酰基]-三环-[5.2.1.0.2.6]-癸烷、二环戊烯基氧乙基巴豆酸酯、3-(甲基)丙烯酰基-氧甲基-三环-[5.2.1.0.2.6]-癸烷、3-(甲基)环戊二烯基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯和癸基-2-(甲基)丙烯酸酯;PEG-二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如PEG200-二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,丙酮缩甘油(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、苯氧乙基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯和(甲基)丙烯酸降冰片酯。原则上也可以单独或者在与(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物中使用其它常见的自由基可聚合化合物,例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、烷基化苯乙烯,如叔丁基苯乙烯,二乙烯苯和烯丙基化合物,其中优选不必进行标识的代表性化合物。
为了稳定化,防止提前聚合,树脂混合物可以含有聚合抑制剂。聚合抑制剂含量基于树脂混合物优选为0.0005至2wt-%,更优选为0.01至1wt-%。
为了调整凝胶时间和反应性,树脂混合物还可以含有基于树脂混合物0.005至3wt-%、优选0.05至1wt-%的聚合抑制剂。
根据本发明,通常用于自由基可聚合化合物的聚合抑制剂均适合作为聚合抑制剂,如专业人士所知。
为了稳定化,防止提前聚合,树脂混合物和反应树脂灰泥通常均含有聚合抑制剂,氢醌、取代氢醌,例如4-甲氧基苯酚、吩噻嗪、苯醌或者叔丁基焦儿茶酚,例如EP 1935860A1或者EP 0965619 A1中所述,稳定的硝酰自由基(Nitroxyradical),也称作N-氧自由基,例如哌啶基-N-氧基或者四氢吡咯-N-氧基,如DE 19531649 A1中所述。尤其优选使用4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(以下称作Tempol)来稳定化,其优点是也可以用来调整凝胶时间。
优选聚合抑制剂选自酚类化合物和非酚类化合物如稳定的自由基和/或吩噻嗪。
作为通常商购可得的自由基固化型反应树脂的成分的酚类聚合抑制剂通常是市面上可以买到的自由基固化型反应性树脂的成分,可使用的考虑酚类,例如有2-甲氧基苯酚、4-甲氧基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二-叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚、2,4,6-三甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三(二甲基胺氨基甲基)苯酚、4,4′-硫代-双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-异亚丙基二苯酚、6,6′-二-叔丁基-4,4′-双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚、2,2′-亚甲基-二-对甲酚、焦儿茶酚和丁基焦儿茶酚,如4-叔丁基焦儿茶酚、4,6-二-叔丁基焦儿茶酚,氢醌,如氢醌、2-甲基氢醌,2-叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二-叔丁基氢醌,2,6-二-叔丁基氢醌,2,6-二甲基氢醌,2,3,5-三甲基氢醌,苯醌,2,3,5,6-四氯-1,4-苯醌,甲基苯醌,2,6-二甲基苯醌,萘醌,或者其中两种或更多种的混合物。
作为非酚类聚合抑制剂优选考虑吩噻嗪类,如吩噻嗪和/或者其衍生物或组合物,或者稳定的有机自由基,如加尔万自由基和N-氧自由基。
适用的稳定N-氧自由基(硝酰自由基)可以选自1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇(也称作TEMPOL)、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮(也称作TEMPON)、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羧基哌啶(也称作4-羧基-TEMPO)、1-氧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯烷、1-氧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基-3-羧基吡咯烷(也称作3-羧基-PROXYL)、铝-N-亚硝基苯基羟胺、二乙基羟胺,如DE199 56 509所述。此外适合的氮氧基化合物是肟,如乙醛肟、丙酮肟、甲基乙基酮肟、水杨基肟、苯甲醛肟(benzoxime)、乙二肟、二甲基乙二肟、丙酮-O-(苄氧羰基)肟等等。此外,还可以使用在羟基的对位取代嘧啶醇或吡啶醇化合物作为聚合抑制剂,如在未公开的专利文献DE 10 2011 077 248 B1中所述。
视所需的树脂混合物的特性和应用而定,可以单独使用聚合抑制剂,或者可以使用两种或更多种聚合抑制剂的组合。在此酚类和非酚类聚合抑制剂的组合可以实现协同效应,该调解还显示基本上无漂移地调节反应树脂配制剂的凝胶时间。
优选利用自由基引发剂(例如过氧化物)引发树脂成分的固化。除了自由基引发剂之外,还可以使用促进剂。由此获得冷固化性快速固化性反应树脂灰泥。专业人士已知通常加入到树脂混合物中的适合促进剂。其例如是胺类,优选叔胺和/或者金属盐。
合适的胺选自以下化合物,例如在申请书US 2011071234 A1所述的以下化合物中选择合适的胺:二甲胺,三甲胺,乙胺,二乙胺,三乙胺,正丙胺,二正丙胺,三正丙胺,异丙胺,二异丙胺,三异丙胺,正丁胺,异丁胺,叔丁胺,二正丁胺,二异丁胺,三异丁胺,戊胺,异戊胺,二异戊胺,己胺,辛胺,十二胺,月桂胺,硬脂胺,氨基乙醇,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺,氨基己醇,乙氧基氨基乙烷,二甲基-(2-氯乙基)胺,2-乙基己胺,双-(2-氯乙基)胺,2-乙基己胺,双-(2-乙基己基)胺,N-甲基硬脂胺,二烷基胺,乙二胺,N,N′-二甲基乙二胺,四甲基乙二胺,二亚乙基三胺,全甲基二亚乙基三胺,三亚乙基四胺,四亚乙基戊胺,1,2-二氨基丙烷、二亚丙基三胺,三亚丙基四胺,1,4-二氨基丁烷,1,6-二氨基己烷,4-氨基-1-二乙基氨基戊烷,2,5-二氨基-2,5-二甲基己烷,三甲基六亚甲基二胺,N,N-二甲基氨基乙醇,2-(2-二乙基氨基乙氧基)乙醇,双-(2-羟乙基)-油胺,三-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙基]胺,3-氨基-1-丙醇,甲基-(3-氨丙基)醚,乙基-(3-氨基丙基)醚,1,4-丁二醇-双(3-氨基丙基醚),3-二甲基氨基-1-丙醇,1-氨基-2-丙醇,1-二乙基氨基-2-丙醇,二异丙醇胺,甲基-双-(2-羟丙基)-胺,三-(2-羟丙基)胺,4-氨基-2-丁醇,2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇,2-氨基-2-甲基-丙二醇,2-氨基-2-羟甲基丙二醇,5-二乙基氨基-2-戊酮,3-甲基氨基丙酸腈,6-氨基己酸,11-氨基十一酸,6-氨基己酸乙酯,11-氨基己酸异丙酯,环己胺,N-甲基环己胺,N,N-二甲基环己胺,二环己胺,N-乙基环己胺,N-(2-羟基乙基)-环己胺,N,N-双-(2-羟乙基)-环己胺,N-(3-氨基丙基)-环己胺,氨甲基环己烷,六氢甲苯胺,六氢苄胺,苯胺,N-甲基苯胺,N,N-二甲基苯胺,N,N-二乙基苯胺,N,N-二丙基苯胺,异丁基苯胺,甲苯胺,二苯基胺,羟乙基苯胺,双-(羟乙基)苯胺,氯苯胺,氨基酚,氨基苯甲酸及其酯,苄胺,二苄胺,三苄胺,甲基二苄胺,α-苯乙胺,二甲基苯胺,二异丙基苯胺,十二烷基苯胺,氨基萘,N-甲基氨基萘,N,N-二甲基氨基萘,N,N-二苄基萘,二氨基环己烷,4,4′-二氨基-二环己基甲烷,二氨基-二甲基-二环己基甲烷,苯二胺,二甲苯二胺,二氨基联苯,萘二胺,甲苯胺,联苯胺,2,2-双-(氨基苯基)-丙烷,氨基苯甲醚,氨基苯硫酚,氨基二苯醚,氨基甲酚,吗啉,N-甲基吗啉,N-苯基吗啉,羟乙基吗啉,N-甲基吡咯烷,吡咯烷,哌啶,羟乙基哌啶,吡咯,吡啶,喹啉,吲哚,假吲哚,咔唑,吡唑,咪唑,噻唑,嘧啶,喹喔啉,氨基吗啉,二吗啉乙烷,[2,2,2]-二氮杂二环辛烷,N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺。
优选胺是苯胺衍生物和N,N-双烷基芳胺,如N,N-二甲基苯胺,N,N-二乙基苯胺,N,N-二甲基对甲苯胺,N,N-双(羟烷基)芳胺,N,N-双(2-羟乙基)苯胺,N,N-双(2-羟乙基)甲苯胺,N,N-双(2-羟丙基)苯胺,N,N-双(2-羟丙基)甲苯胺,N,N-双(3-甲基丙烯酰基-2-羟丙基)-对甲苯胺,N,N-二丁氧基羟丙基对甲苯胺和4,4′-双(二甲基氨基)二苯基甲烷。
聚合胺类,如通过N,N-双(羟烷基)苯胺与二羧酸的缩合反应或者通过环氧乙烷与这些胺的加聚反应获得的那些,同样适合作为促进剂。
适合的金属盐例如有辛酸钴或者环烷酸钴以及羧酸钒、羧酸钾、羧酸钙、羧酸铜、羧酸锰或者羧酸锆。
如果使用促进剂,则其基于树脂混合物用量为0.01至10wt-%,优选为0.2至5wt-%。
本发明的其他主题是反应树脂灰泥,所述反应树脂灰泥除了含有上述树脂混合物之外,还含有有机粘合剂、无机和/或者有机添加料如填料和/或其它添加剂。
反应树脂灰泥中的树脂混合物基于反应树脂灰泥的含量优选为10至70wt-%,尤其优选为30至50wt-%。
因此添加料基于反应树脂灰泥的含量优选为90至30wt-%,更优选为70至50wt-%。
常见的填料尤其是矿物或类似矿物的填料均可作为填料,如能够以粉末、颗粒形式或成形体形式加入的石英、玻璃、砂子、石英砂、石英粉、瓷、刚玉、陶、滑石粉、硅酸(例如热解硅酸)、硅酸盐、陶土、二氧化钛、白垩、重晶石、长石、玄武岩、氢氧化铝、花岗石或砂岩、聚合物填料,如热固性塑料、水硬性填料,如石膏,生石灰或水泥(例如高铝水泥或硅酸盐水泥)、金属,如铝、炭黑、此外,木材、矿物或者有机纤维等等或者其中两种或更多种的混合物。填料能够以任意形式存在,例如作为粉末、细粉或者成形体,例如圆柱形、环形、球形、小片状、小杆状、鞍状或者晶体形式,或者以纤维形式(原纤填料),并且相应的基本粒子优选具有10mm的最大直径。填料在相应组分中的存在量优选最多90wt-%,尤其为3至85wt-%,特别是为5至70wt-%。
其它可能的添加剂还有触变剂,如任选地经有机处理的热解硅酸,膨润土,烷基和甲基纤维素,蓖麻油衍生物等等、软化剂,如邻苯二甲酸酯或癸二酸酯、稳定剂、抗静电剂、增稠剂、增韧剂、固化催化剂、流变助剂、湿润剂、染色添加剂,如染料,或尤其是颜料,例如对组分进行不同着色以更好地控制其混合情况等、或者其中两种或更多种的混合物。也可以存在基于相应组分(反应树脂灰泥,固化剂)用量优选最多30wt-%、例如为1至20wt-%的非反应性稀释剂(溶剂),如低级烷基酮,例如丙酮,二低级烷基-低级烷醇酰胺,如二甲基乙酰胺,低级烷基苯,如二甲苯或甲苯,邻苯二甲酸酯或者石蜡,或者水。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,批量生产本发明所述的反应树脂灰泥作为双组分或多组分体系,尤其作为双组分体系,其中将树脂成分和固化剂成分抑制反应地分开放置。因此第一组分、即组分I(也称作A组分)含有反应树脂灰泥,且第二组分、即组分II(也称作B组分)含有固化剂。由此达到,只有在使用之前才将可固化的化合物与固化试剂相互混合并引发固化反应。
固化剂含有用来引发树脂成分聚合(固化)的固化试剂,如前所述,该固化试剂是自由基引发剂,优选是过氧化物。
根据本发明,专业人士已知的所有用于不饱和聚酯树脂和乙烯酯树脂的固化的过氧化物均可以用于固化环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂。此类过氧化物包括液态或固态有机和无机过氧化物,其中也可以使用过氧化氢。适合的过氧化物的实例是过氧化碳酸酯(式-OC(O)OO-)、过氧化酯(式-C(O)OO-)、二酰基过氧化物(式-C(O)OOC(O)-)、二烷基过氧化物(式-OO-)等等。这些也可以作为低聚物或聚合物存在。对于适合的过氧化物的一系列实例描述于申请US 2002/0091214-A1段落[0018]中。
优选选自有机过氧化物的过氧化物。适合的有机过氧化物是:叔烷基氢过氧化物,如叔丁基氢过氧化物,以及其它氢过氧化物,如氢过氧化枯烯,过氧化酯或者过氧酸,如过氧酸叔丁酯,过氧化苯甲酰,过氧醋酸酯和过氧苯甲酸酯,过氧化月桂酰,包括(二)过氧化酯,过氧化醚,如过氧化二乙醚,过氧化酮,如过氧化甲乙酮。作为固化剂使用的有机过氧化物通常是叔过氧化酯或者叔氢过氧化物,也就是具有直接结合在-O-O-酰基-或者-OOH-基团上的叔碳原子的过氧化物。但是根据本发明,也可以使用这些过氧化物与其它过氧化物的混合物。过氧化物也可以是混合的过氧化物,也就是在一个分子中具有两个不同的带有过氧化物的单元的过氧化物。优先使用过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)进行固化。
在此,所述过氧化物基于反应树脂灰泥的用量为0.1至10wt-%,优选为0.1至3wt-%,更优选在1wt-%以下。
双组分灰泥体系的固化剂还优选含有无机添加料以及水和其它液态助剂,其中所述添加料与可以加入到反应树脂灰泥中的添加料一样。
在此,所述添加料基于固化剂组分的用量为20至90wt-%,优选50至80wt-%。
在双组分灰泥体系的特别优选的实施方式中,A组分除了含有反应树脂灰泥之外还含有水硬性或者可缩聚的无机化合物,并且B组分除了含有固化试剂之外还含有水。DE42 31 161 A1中详细描述了此类灰泥料。在此,所述A组分优选含有水泥、例如硅酸盐水泥或铝酸盐水泥作为水硬性或者可缩聚的无机化合物,其中尤其优选不含铁氧化物或者贫于铁氧化物的水泥。也可以使用石膏本身或者在与水泥的混合物中作为水硬性无机化合物。也可以使用可缩聚的硅酸盐类化合物、尤其是含有可溶性、溶解的和/或无定形二氧化硅的物质作为可缩聚的无机化合物。
双组分灰泥体系优选包括抑制反应地分开置于不同容器中的A组分和B组分,所述容器例如多室装置,如多室套筒和/或者罐,通过机械压力的作用或者气体压力的作用将两种组分从容器中压出并且混合。另一种可能性在于,将双组分灰泥体系作为双组分胶囊批量生产,将胶囊引入钻孔之中,并通过冲击扭转固定元件的方式使得胶囊破碎,同时混合灰泥料的两种组分。优选使用套筒系统或者注射系统,从分开的容器中压出这两种组分,并通过静态混合器,在其中将其均匀混合,然后优选通过喷嘴直接排出到钻孔之中。
根据本发明的树脂混合物、反应树脂灰泥以及双组分灰泥体系主要应用于建筑领域,例如用于修缮混凝土,作为聚合物混凝土,作为基于合成树脂的涂料,或者作为冷固化的路面标志,特别适合用于锚固元件如锚、钢筋、螺栓在钻孔应用特别是在不同地基的钻孔,特别是在矿物地基中的化学固定,所述矿物地基如基于混凝土、多孔混凝土、砖、石灰沙石、砂岩、天然石等。
以下实施例将进一步解释本发明。
实施例
I)树脂母料
A1)合成单体双酚-A-二甲基丙烯酸二缩水甘油酯(BisGMA)(n~0.1)
将220g双酚-A-二缩水甘油醚(EEW(DIN 16945),182-192g/Val; A 19-03;LEUNA-Harze GmbH)完全加入反应器中,混以110g甲基丙烯酸、0.1g吩噻嗪以及2g四乙基溴化铵,并温热到大约80℃。
在反应过程中根据DIN 16945通过滴定环氧基团连续测定环氧基团的转化率。一旦达到至少97%的转化率,就可以中止反应。
A2)合成聚合双酚-A-二甲基丙烯酸二缩水甘油酯(BisGMA)(n~1)
将493g双酚-A-二缩水甘油醚(EEW(DIN 16945),300-340g/Val; A 32-02)完全加入反应器中,混以143g甲基丙烯酸、0.2g吩噻嗪、159g聚乙二醇-200-二甲基丙烯酸酯(PEG200DMA)以及5g四乙基溴化铵,并温热到大约80℃。
在反应过程中根据DIN 16945通过滴定环氧基团连续测定环氧基团的转化率。一旦达到至少97%的转化率,就可以中止反应。
A3)合成聚合双酚-A-二甲基丙烯酸二缩水甘油酯(BisGMA)(n~2)
将346g双酚-A-二缩水甘油醚(EEW(DIN 16945),450-500g/Val; A 50-02;LEUNA-Harze GmbH)完全加入反应器中,混以68g甲基丙烯酸、0.1g吩噻嗪、104g聚乙二醇200二甲基丙烯酸酯以及3.2g四乙基溴化铵,并温热到大约80℃。
在反应过程中根据DIN 16945通过滴定环氧基团连续测定环氧基团的转化率。一旦达到至少97%的转化率,就可以中止反应。
树脂母料A1至A3一方面用作对比用的非改性树脂,另一方面用作根据本发明用琥珀酸酐(B1至B3)和用马来酸酐(C1和C3)作为对比进行改性的初始产物。
B1.1)和B1.2)用琥珀酸酐改性的单体BisGMA树脂(n~0.1)的合成
将来自A1)的反应产物混以表1中指定量的琥珀酸酐,在80℃搅拌,6小时的反应时间之后冷却到室温。
表1:琥珀酸酐的用量
树脂母料 | B1.1 | B1.2 |
每BisGMA的Mol%琥珀酸酐(n~0.1) | 8 | 40 |
每β羟基的Mol%琥珀酸酐 | 4 | 20 |
B2.1)和B2.2)合成利用琥珀酸酐改性的聚合BisGMA树脂(n~1)
将来自A2)的反应产物混以表2中指定量的琥珀酸酐,在80℃搅拌,6小时反应时间之后冷却到室温。
表2:琥珀酸酐的用量
树脂母料 | B2.2 | B2.2 |
每BisGMA的Mol%琥珀酸酐(n~1) | 7 | 30 |
每β羟基的Mol%琥珀酸酐 | 2 | 10 |
B3.1)和B3.2)用琥珀酸酐改性的聚合BisGMA树脂(n~2)的合成
将来自A3)的反应产物混以表3中指定量的琥珀酸酐,在80℃搅拌,6小时反应时间之后冷却到室温。
表3:琥珀酸酐的用量
树脂母料 | B3.1 | B3.2 |
每BisGMA的Mol%琥珀酸酐(n~2) | 7 | 40 |
每β羟基的Mol%琥珀酸酐 | 2 | 10 |
C1.1)和C1.2)用马来酸酐改性的单体BisGMA树脂(n~0.1)的合成
将来自A1)的反应产物混以表4中指定量的马来酸酐,在80℃搅拌,6小时反应时间之后冷却到室温。
表4:马来酸酐的用量
树脂母料 | C1.1 | C1.2 |
每BisGMA的Mol%马来酸酐(n~0.1) | 20 | 40 |
每β羟基的Mol%马来酸酐 | 10 | 20 |
C3.1)用马来酸酐改性的聚合BisGMA树脂(n~2)的合成
将来自A3)的反应产物混以表5中指定量的马来酸酐,在80℃搅拌,6小时反应时间之后冷却到室温。
表5:马来酸酐的用量
树脂母料 | C3.1 |
每BisGMA的Mol%马来酸酐(n~2) | 7 |
每β羟基的Mol%马来酸酐 | 2 |
II)树脂混合物
为了制备树脂混合物,将按照以上所述制备的树脂母料A至C分别与PEG200DMA、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(BDDMA)、叔丁基焦儿茶酚(tBBK)和4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基吡啶-1-氧基(Tempol)混合。下表6中列出了用量。随后用芳族胺将分别产生的树脂混合物的凝胶时间调整到大约6分钟。
表6:制备树脂混合物的组分的量
用商购可得的装置(Timer)在25℃温度下测定凝胶时间。为此分别以3∶1体积比混合A和B组分,在混合之后立即在有机硅浴中调温至25℃并且测量样品的温度。样品本身处于试管中,将试管插入浸没在有机硅浴中的空气套中进行调温。
试样产热针对时间绘图。根据DIN 16945第1页和DIN 16916进行评价。凝胶时间是温度上升达到10K的时间,此处从25℃上升到35℃。
C)反应树脂灰泥
为了制备混合灰泥,将树脂混合物与30至45重量份额的石英砂、15至25重量份额水泥和1至5重量份额热解硅酸在溶解器中混合成均匀的灰泥料。
D)固化剂组分
为了制备固化剂组分,将13g过氧化二苯甲酰、23g水、1g热解硅酸、19g氧化铝、46g合适粒度分布的石英粉在溶解器中混合成均匀料。
将相应的反应树脂灰泥以及固化剂组分以3∶1的体积比相互混合并且测量其粘结负荷。
测定破坏粘结应力(τ)
为了测定固化物料的破坏粘结应力,使用M12螺纹锚杆,将其与实施例和对照实施例所述的反应树脂灰泥组合物一起埋入混凝土中直径为14mm、钻孔深度为72mm的钻孔之中。通过中心拉出螺纹锚杆的方式测定平均破坏负荷。分别埋入三根螺纹锚杆,经过24小时固化之后测定其负荷值。所测定的粘结负荷τ(N/mm2)在以下表格7至9中作为平均值列出。
按照以下列出的不同钻孔条件和/或者固化条件进行测试。
表7:单体BisGMA树脂粘结负荷τ(n~0.1)
表8:聚合BisGMA树脂粘结负荷τ(n~1)
表9:聚合BisGMA树脂粘结负荷τ(n~2)
Claims (10)
1.反应性树脂灰泥用于化学固定的用途,其中反应性树脂灰泥包含:
具有改性的环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂作为基础树脂的树脂混合物,其中所述改性的环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂通过(i)数均摩尔质量在129至2,400g/Mol范围内的具有环氧基团的有机化合物与(甲基)丙烯酸进行反应,随后(ii)将反应中形成的β-羟基用饱和C3-C5-二羧酸的酸酐进行部分酯化而获得,和
无机和/或有机添加料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中具有环氧基团的有机化合物平均每分子具有两个环氧基团。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述环氧基团是缩水甘油醚或者缩水甘油酯类型。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中具有环氧基团的有机化合物具有87至1,600g/Val范围内的环氧当量质量EEW。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中具有环氧基团的有机化合物是通式(I)的二价羟基化合物的二缩水甘油醚,
式中R是非取代或者取代的脂族或芳族基团,并且n的平均值等于0至3。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中每环氧当量使用0.7至1.2羧基当量的(甲基)丙烯酸。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中,为了β-羟基的酯化,环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂的每个β-羟基使用1至50mol-%饱和C3-C5-二羧酸的酸酐。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,还含有选自反应性稀释剂、聚合抑制剂和/或促进剂的至少一种附加成分。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述添加料选自填料和添加剂。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述树脂混合物的含量为10至70wt-%并且添加料的含量为90至30wt-%。
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ES2938644T3 (es) | 2017-05-31 | 2023-04-13 | Sika Tech Ag | Mortero monocomponente de cemento resina epoxi |
EP3424969A1 (de) | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-09 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Mischung von radikalisch härtbaren verbindungen und deren verwendung |
EP3424900A1 (de) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-09 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Epoxymethacrylat-verbindungen und deren verwendung |
WO2019238555A1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Nouryon Chemicals International B.V. | Process for the production of composite articles |
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WO2020070271A1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-09 | Elantas Pdg, Inc. | Hybrid resins for high voltage applications |
CN109536103B (zh) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-11-30 | 洛阳科博思新材料科技有限公司 | 一种化学锚栓用高强锚固胶粘剂的制备方法 |
CN111423172A (zh) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-07-17 | 辽宁省交通高等专科学校 | 一种抗硫酸盐物理侵蚀的混凝土及其施工方法 |
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