CN105028118A - Building method for hybrid high-yield tea-oil trees - Google Patents
Building method for hybrid high-yield tea-oil trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN105028118A CN105028118A CN201510585578.2A CN201510585578A CN105028118A CN 105028118 A CN105028118 A CN 105028118A CN 201510585578 A CN201510585578 A CN 201510585578A CN 105028118 A CN105028118 A CN 105028118A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building method for hybrid high-yield tea-oil trees and relates to the technical field of economic forest plantation. A hybrid row with interplanted hybrid plants is arranged at intervals of each two to five rows of tea-oil trees in the tea-oil tree forest; a hybrid plant is planted at intervals of each two to five tea-oil trees in the hybrid row; the rest is conducted as the same. A building process comprises steps of first, selecting a forest land, second, applying fertilizers to the land, third, tidying the forest land soil after fertilizer application, fourth, digging caves, fifth, transplanting and sixth, managing the forest, wherein the second step comprises primary fertilizer application, second fertilizer application and third time fertilizer application. The building method is characterized by improving pollination conditions and increasing tea-oil tree yield; and the method can be applied to novel tea-oil hybrid forest planted in barren hills suitable for forestation with gradient of 15 degrees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic forestry planting technology field, particularly a kind of construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam.
Background technology
Oil tea is the distinctive oil plants of China, is also one of important leverage safeguarding China's grain and oil safety.At present, oil tea, in the plantation of China, mainly still follows traditional pure camellia oleifera lam implantation methods, thus low, the problem slow, management cost is high, benefit is low of growing into forest of ubiquity pollination rate.
Disclosed " a kind of day lily of Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201410380083.1), lily, the interplanting method of cathay hickory and oil tea ", select ready day lily, lily, cathay hickory and oil tea seedling post, then dig pit on planting site, by day lily, lily and cathay hickory are putting into hole, first cover with yellow soil, cover one deck fine earth thereon again, described oil tea is then enter in soil by oil tea blade oblique cutting, and with hand by tight, water once permeable, interplanting can be completed, this kind of interplanting method, each crop growth conditions is good, survival rate is high, output is good, good in economic efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one to improve pollination conditions, and then the camellia oleifera lam construction method of tea-oil tree yield can be improved.
For achieving the above object, the technical measures that the present invention takes are a kind of construction methods of inventing mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam, be in camellia oleifera lam, arrange that a line interplanting is mixed hands over the mixed Bank of Communications of plant and be that a strain is mixed hands over plant according to planting every between 2-5 strain oil tea in this mixed Bank of Communications every the capable camellia oleifera lam of 2-5, the rest may be inferred.
Its construction process is as follows:
(1), build forest land to select:
Select the leeward deserted mountain suitable for afforestation faced south, the butt of removing forest or shrub and weeds, be organized into the construction forest land of 5-15 ° along slope;
(2), build forest land to foster and apply fertilizer:
1., just train: first cover the thick conditioned soil of one deck 5-10cm on the ground at afforestation, then deep-cut (degree of depth is more than 50cm, large stone and stub in removing woods soil), and by the leveling of soil table, rake carefully, naturally keep 20-30 days, become just training and build forest land;
2., multiple training: first build the thick fermented tcm leaf slag of woodland rent one deck 4-8cm in just training, then decomposed dung is sprinkling upon fermented tcm leaf slag by the usage ratio of 200-320kg/667 ㎡, then cultivate multiple, naturally keep 20-30 days, become multiple training and build forest land;
3., train again: first at multiple training afforestation on the ground by 100-200ml/m
2usage ratio be that the phoxim dissolution homogeneity of 20-40ppm sprays in soil by concentration, process 20-30 days; Again biological organic fertilizer is pressed the water of the usage ratio of 40-55kg/667 ㎡ and 3-4 times of weight miscible after, evenly spray in soil, naturally keep 8-12 days; Then farmyard manure is pressed the water of the usage ratio of 300-400kg/667 ㎡ and equivalent weight miscible after, evenly spray in soil, naturally keep 2-5 month, become afforestation soil of fostering and apply fertilizer;
(3) afforestation soil of, fostering and apply fertilizer arranges:
It is the face, railway carriage or compartment of 8-12m that afforestation soil of fostering and apply fertilizer is divided into adjacent, width successively by contour trend, and builds up high ridge heap (running off for preventing rich water) of 30-50cm on the low-lying limit in face, railway carriage or compartment;
(4), dig cave:
According to the plantation specification of line space 3.5-4.5m, strain spacing 3-4m, excavate the oil tea kind plant hole of long 45-70cm, wide 35-60cm, dark 40-65cm;
In the mixed Bank of Communications arranged every the capable camellia oleifera lam of 2-5, excavate the mixed friendship plant species plant hole of long 6-17cm, wide 6-17cm, dark 20-48cm every 2-5 strain oil tea;
(5), transplant:
The oil tea sapling chosen is transplanted to according to a conventional method in oil tea kind plant hole; Meanwhile, the mixed friendship plantling chosen is transplanted to and mixed hands in plant species plant hole, earthing compacting, and with decomposed dung: water is by 1:(3-4) the rich water prepared of part by weight irrigate root;
(6), manage: the administrative standard that water and fertilizer management is planted according to oil tea is carried out; Annual autumn or spring, the mixed height of plant of handing over remained on the 60-70% (being beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light) being close to tea oil tree average height by old, weak, withered, the sick plant removing in woodland plant; After 3-4, namely become high yield camellia oleifera lam.
Described mixed friendship plant is tea plum, and the mixed friendship plant species plant hole dug is tea plum kind plant hole, and its specification is long 6-10cm, wide 6-10cm, dark 28-48cm; Before plantation, first at the bottom of tea plum kind plant hole, cover the thick ash of one deck 1.5-3.0cm (ash after being burnt by gramineous plants), cover the woods soil that one deck 1.5-2.5cm is thick again, cover again the thick composite biological fertilizer of one deck 1-2cm, then cover the thick woods soil of one deck 1.5-2.5cm; During plantation, by 1 strain/cave by the transplantation of seedlings of tea plum in tea plum kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and irrigate root with rich water; Again tea plum periphery is arranged and grow up and the wide furrow platform being 20-40cm, high 12-18cm.
Described mixed friendship plant is Qiu Ju, and the mixed friendship plant species plant hole dug is Qiu Ju kind plant hole, and its specification is long 6-10cm, wide 6-10cm, dark 25-40cm; Before plantation, first cover at the bottom of Qiu Ju kind plant hole one deck 1.5-3.0cm thick, by quartz sand: yellow sand: river sand is by 0.25:(1.5-3): the part by weight of 0.7 forms, fineness is that 120-160 object mixes fine sand, cover again the woods soil that one deck 3-5.5cm is thick, cover the tea shell ash that one deck 1-2cm is thick again, also cover the woods soil that one deck 2.5-3.5cm is thick; During plantation, be first 1:(500-700 by weight concentration) carbendazim solution be sprayed on root tangent plane and the root surface of Qiu Jumiao, then press 1-2 strain/cave by autumn chrysanthemum transplantation of seedlings in autumn chrysanthemum kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and irrigate root with rich water; Again autumn chrysanthemum periphery is arranged and grow up and the wide furrow platform being 20-40cm, high 12-18cm.
Described mixed friendship plant is sweet osmanthus, and the mixed friendship plant species plant hole dug is sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, and its specification is long 8-17cm, wide 8-17cm, dark 35-55cm; Before plantation, first at the bottom of sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, cover the thick ash of one deck 1.5-3.0cm (ash after being burnt by gramineous plants), cover again the woods soil that one deck 1.5-2.5cm is thick, then cover the thick composite biological fertilizer of one deck 1-2cm, also cover the woods soil that one deck 1.5-2.5cm is thick; During plantation, by 1 strain/cave by sweet osmanthus transplantation of seedlings in sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and irrigate root with rich water.
Described mixed friendship plant is sweet osmanthus [Osmanthusfragrans (Thunb.) Lour.], Qiu Ju [Dendranthemamorifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.], three kinds, tea plum [Camelliasasanqua], can be the one that every a line mixed friendship plant mixed in Bank of Communications only plants in these three kinds, adjacent mixed Bank of Communications offsets one from another; Also can be that every a line is mixed in Bank of Communications, staggered plantation these three kinds.
Described conditioned soil can be mellow soil or Pond Silt, also can be to be mixed by following raw material by weight:
Pond Silt 15-25 rice-straw ash 5-8 green manure 10-15
Decomposed dung 15-20 yellow soil 35-50.
Described fermented tcm leaf slag can be through in the Echinacea slag after extraction process or mulberry leaf slag or tealeaf residue or maize seedling slag or cuckoo slag or leaf of bamboo slag or cushaw leaf slag or purple perilla slag or wheat straw slag or red clover slag one or more, when for time two or more, weight portion or other ratio such as to the ratio of each component is; Also can be prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion:
Its preparation process is as follows:
Above-mentioned Chinese medicine slag is processed into the fines of more than 40 orders, then drops in fermentation vat, add the water accounting for Chinese medicine slag total amount 10-30% simultaneously, stir evenly; Add the microbial bacteria accounting for Chinese medicine slag weight 1-2.5% again, mixing, 28-40 DEG C, under the condition of relative moisture 60-75%, process 15-30 days, obtains fermented tcm leaf slag.
Described microbial bacteria is one or more in saccharomycete, mould, Bacillus acidi lactici, cellulose decomposition bacteria, rhizobium, and when for time two or more, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
Described Pond Silt is rich in organic mud bottom piscina.
Described rice-straw ash is remaining material after straw burning 80%.
Described green manure is Chinese milk vetch or sweet potato.
Described decomposed dung is the fertilizer of feces of livestock and poultry after fermentation maturity.
Described yellow soil is rich in organic yellow soil.
Described woods soil is the table soil in forest land.
Described composite biological fertilizer is the fertilizer mixed by more than two kinds (common) bio-fertilizers.
Described tea shell ash is the ash content of tea shell burning.
Described biological organic fertilizer is by the house refuse fertilizer of the content of organic matter more than 35% after treatment.
Described farmyard manure is the fertilizer of ight soil urine after fermentation.
The construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, relative to the construction method of existing various oil tea, has the following advantages:
One is increase pollination of oil tea tree probability: the florescence due to oil tea is that early October is to December, and the florescence of sweet osmanthus is 9 ~ October, the florescence of Qiu Ju is 10 ~ November, the florescence of tea plum is longer, can open to April in the coming year from late October, thus, along with the formation of interplanting camellia oleifera lam, when oil tea blooms, woodland is filled with motley flower, more can attract insect than single oil tea, birds, the animals such as reptile are picked flowers pollination, the object of pollination of oil tea tree is made to become extensive, therefore the successful probability of pollination of oil tea tree is also multiplied, and then substantially increase the output of oil tea.
Two is the diseases alleviating tea oil tree: after interplanting, can change Growth of Camellia oleifera environment, the interaction between intercropping plant, can improve the growth situation of oil tea, reduces insect pest to each other, strengthens the growth vigor of tea oil tree.
Three is improve Household income, reduce production cost: by the interplanting between plant, change the plantation general layout of camellia oleifera lam, more insects can be absorbed, improve the pollination probability of oil tea, improve fruit-setting rate and the fruiting rate of oil tea, the cultivating value of a Plants can also be obtained simultaneously, improve the plantation income of peasant household.
Four is shorten into the garden time: foster and apply fertilizer owing to having carried out three times to construction forest land, make the soil building forest land more fertile, be applicable to the quick growth of oil tea, thus, relative to existing camellia oleifera lam construction method, method of the present invention can be done sth. in advance 1-2 and be reached high yield period.
The construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, once carried out comparative trial in the district such as Lingling District, Lengshuitan District of Yongzhou City, Hubei Province, following table is experimental control data:
(note: in upper table, the pilot forest in same district is substantially close with the land occupation condition, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc. contrasting woods; Pilot forest adopts construction method of the present invention to plant, and contrast woods adopts conventional method plantation)
As can be seen from upper watch test data, 3-5 after plantation, the camellia oleifera fruit weighted mean output of each time test camellia oleifera lam is respectively 180.2kg/667 ㎡, 368.7kg/667 ㎡, 566.4kg/667 ㎡, contrast compared with camellia oleifera fruit weighted mean output 152.8kg/667 ㎡, the 305.1kg/667 ㎡ of camellia oleifera lam, 416.2kg/667 ㎡ with each time, its camellia oleifera fruit weighted mean output improves 17.93%, 20.84% and 36.09% respectively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is built in mixed friendship of the present invention.
In figure :+representing oil tea, represents tea plum, and ◎ represents sweet osmanthus, and zero represents Qiu Ju.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation is below the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The construction method of the mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam of the present embodiment, adopt sweet osmanthus, Qiu Ju and tea plum three Plants as mixed friendship plant, in Mei Hanghun Bank of Communications, only a kind of mixed friendship plant of plantation, and adjacent mixed Bank of Communications offsets one from another (that is: the mixed friendship plant of adjacent Liang Hanghun Bank of Communications plantation is different).
Its construction process is as follows:
(i), auxiliary material preparation:
(1), conditioned soil preparation:
Get Pond Silt 20 parts, rice-straw ash 6 parts, 12 parts, green manure (Chinese milk vetch), decomposed dung 18 parts, yellow soil 45 parts by weight respectively, mix, obtain conditioned soil.
(2), fermented tcm leaf slag preparation:
Get Echinacea slag 8 parts, mulberry leaf slag 18 parts, tealeaf residue 8 parts, maize seedling slag 8 parts, cuckoo slag 12 parts, leaf of bamboo slag 8 parts, cushaw leaf slag 7 parts, purple perilla slag 6 parts, wheat straw slag 18 parts, red clover slag 6 parts by weight respectively;
Its preparation process is as follows:
Above-mentioned Chinese medicine slag is processed into 40 order fineves, then drops in fermentation vat, add the water accounting for Chinese medicine slag total amount 20% simultaneously, stir evenly; Add the microorganism species (waiting the saccharomycete of weight portion, mould, Bacillus acidi lactici, cellulose decomposition bacteria, rhizobium) accounting for Chinese medicine slag weight 2% again, mixing, 35 DEG C, under the condition of relative moisture 70%, process 25 days, obtain fermented tcm leaf slag.
(ii), build:
(1), build forest land to select:
Select the leeward deserted mountain suitable for afforestation faced south, the butt of removing forest or shrub and weeds, be organized into the construction forest land of 5-15 ° along slope;
(2), build forest land to foster and apply fertilizer:
1., just training: first cover the thick conditioned soil of one deck 8cm in afforestation ground, then deep-cut (degree of depth is more than 50cm, large stone and stub in removing woods soil), and by the leveling of soil table, rake carefully, naturally keep 25 days, become just to train and build forest land;
2., multiple training: first build the thick fermented tcm leaf slag of woodland rent one deck 6cm in just training, then decomposed dung is sprinkling upon fermented tcm leaf slag by the usage ratio of 280kg/667 ㎡, then cultivate multiple, naturally keep 25 days, become multiple training and build forest land;
3., train again: first at multiple training afforestation on the ground by 150ml/m
2usage ratio be that the phoxim dissolution homogeneity of 30ppm sprays in soil by concentration, process 25 days; Again biological organic fertilizer is pressed the water of the usage ratio of 45kg/667 ㎡ and 3 times of weight miscible after, evenly spray in soil, naturally keep 10 days; Then farmyard manure is pressed the water of the usage ratio of 350kg/667 ㎡ and equivalent weight miscible after, evenly spray in soil, naturally keep 4 months, become afforestation soil of fostering and apply fertilizer;
(3) afforestation soil of, fostering and apply fertilizer arranges:
It is the face, railway carriage or compartment of 10m that afforestation soil of fostering and apply fertilizer is divided into adjacent, width successively by contour trend, and builds up high ridge heap (running off for preventing rich water) of 40cm on the low-lying limit in face, railway carriage or compartment;
(4), dig cave:
In camellia oleifera lam, arrange that a line interplanting is mixed hands over the mixed Bank of Communications of plant and be that a strain is mixed hands over plant according to planting every between 3 strain oil teas in this mixed Bank of Communications every 3 row camellia oleifera lams, the rest may be inferred.
All plant are all planned according to the plantation specification of line space 4m, strain spacing 3.5m.
1., oil tea kind plant hole: dig cave according to the specification of long 50cm, wide 50cm, dark 50cm; 2.,
Tea plum kind plant hole: dig cave according to the specification of long 8cm, wide 8cm, dark 40cm;
3., Qiu Ju kind plant hole: dig cave according to the specification of long 8cm, wide 8cm, dark 35cm;
4., sweet osmanthus kind plant hole: dig cave according to the specification of long 12cm, wide 12cm, dark 45cm;
(5), transplant:
1., oil tea is transplanted: be transplanted to according to a conventional method by the oil tea sapling chosen in oil tea kind plant hole;
2., tea plum is transplanted: before plantation, first at the bottom of tea plum kind plant hole, cover the thick ash of one deck 2.5cm (ash after being burnt by gramineous plants), cover the woods soil that one deck 2cm is thick again, cover again the thick composite biological fertilizer of one deck 1.5cm, then cover the thick woods soil of one deck 2cm; During plantation, by 1 strain/cave by the transplantation of seedlings of tea plum in tea plum kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and with decomposed dung: the rich water that water is prepared by the part by weight of 1:3 irrigates root; Again tea plum periphery is arranged and grow up and the wide furrow platform being 30cm, high 15cm.
3., Qiu Ju transplants: before plantation, first cover at the bottom of Qiu Ju kind plant hole one deck 2.5cm thick, by quartz sand: yellow sand: river sand form by the part by weight of 0.25:2:0.7, fineness is that 150 objects mix fine sands, cover again the woods soil that one deck 4.5cm is thick, cover the tea shell ash that one deck 1.5cm is thick again, also cover the woods soil that one deck 3cm is thick; During plantation, be first root tangent plane and the root surface that the carbendazim solution of 1:600 is sprayed on Qiu Jumiao by weight concentration, again by 2 strains/cave by autumn chrysanthemum transplantation of seedlings in autumn chrysanthemum kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and with decomposed dung: the rich water that water is prepared by the part by weight of 1:3 irrigates root; Again autumn chrysanthemum periphery is arranged and grow up and the wide furrow platform being 30cm, high 15cm.
4., sweet osmanthus is transplanted: before plantation, first at the bottom of sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, cover the thick ash of one deck 2.5cm (ash after being burnt by gramineous plants), cover again the woods soil that one deck 2cm is thick, then cover the thick composite biological fertilizer of one deck 1.5cm, also cover the woods soil that one deck 2cm is thick; During plantation, by 1 strain/cave by sweet osmanthus transplantation of seedlings in sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and with decomposed dung: the rich water that water is prepared by the part by weight of 1:3 irrigates root.
(6), manage: the administrative standard that water and fertilizer management is planted according to oil tea is carried out; Annual autumn or spring, the mixed height of plant of handing over remained on 65% (being beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light) being close to tea oil tree average height by old, weak, withered, the sick plant removing in woodland plant; After 3-4, namely become high yield camellia oleifera lam.
The construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, being applicable to the gradient is that oil tea mixed forest is newly planted in deserted mountain suitable for afforestation within 15 °.
Claims (8)
1. the mixed construction method handing over high yield camellia oleifera lam, is characterized in that: in camellia oleifera lam, arrange that a line interplanting is mixed hands over the mixed Bank of Communications of plant and be that a strain is mixed hands over plant according to planting every between 2-5 strain oil tea in this mixed Bank of Communications every the capable camellia oleifera lam of 2-5, and the rest may be inferred.
2. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, is characterized in that construction process is as follows:
(1), build forest land to select:
Select the leeward deserted mountain suitable for afforestation faced south, the butt of removing forest or shrub and weeds, be organized into the construction forest land of 5-15 ° along slope;
(2), build forest land to foster and apply fertilizer:
1., just train: the first conditioned soil thick at afforestation ground covering one deck 5-10cm, then deep-cut, and by the leveling of soil table, rake carefully, maintenance 20-30 days naturally, becomes first training and build forest land;
2., multiple training: first build the thick fermented tcm leaf slag of woodland rent one deck 4-8cm in just training, then decomposed dung is sprinkling upon fermented tcm leaf slag by the usage ratio of 200-320kg/667 ㎡, then cultivate multiple, naturally keep 20-30 days, become multiple training and build forest land;
3., train again: first at multiple training afforestation on the ground by 100-200ml/m
2usage ratio be that the phoxim dissolution homogeneity of 20-40ppm sprays in soil by concentration, process 20-30 days; Again biological organic fertilizer is pressed the water of the usage ratio of 40-55kg/667 ㎡ and 3-4 times of weight miscible after, evenly spray in soil, naturally keep 8-12 days; Then farmyard manure is pressed the water of the usage ratio of 300-400kg/667 ㎡ and equivalent weight miscible after, evenly spray in soil, naturally keep 2-5 month, become afforestation soil of fostering and apply fertilizer;
(3) afforestation soil of, fostering and apply fertilizer arranges:
It is the face, railway carriage or compartment of 8-12m that afforestation soil of fostering and apply fertilizer is divided into adjacent, width successively by contour trend, and builds up the high ridge heap of 30-50cm on the low-lying limit in face, railway carriage or compartment;
(4), dig cave:
According to the plantation specification of line space 3.5-4.5m, strain spacing 3-4m, excavate the oil tea kind plant hole of long 45-70cm, wide 35-60cm, dark 40-65cm;
In the mixed Bank of Communications arranged every the capable camellia oleifera lam of 2-5, excavate the mixed friendship plant species plant hole of long 6-17cm, wide 6-17cm, dark 20-48cm every 2-5 strain oil tea;
(5), transplant:
The oil tea sapling chosen is transplanted to according to a conventional method in oil tea kind plant hole; Meanwhile, the mixed friendship plantling chosen is transplanted to and mixed hands in plant species plant hole, earthing compacting, and with decomposed dung: water is by 1:(3-4) the rich water prepared of part by weight irrigate root;
(6), manage: the administrative standard that water and fertilizer management is planted according to oil tea is carried out; Annual autumn or spring, the mixed height of plant of handing over remained on the 60-70% being close to tea oil tree average height by old, weak, withered, the sick plant removing in woodland plant; After 3-4, namely become high yield camellia oleifera lam.
3. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described mixed friendship plant is tea plum, and the mixed friendship plant species plant hole dug is tea plum kind plant hole, and its specification is long 6-10cm, wide 6-10cm, dark 28-48cm; Before plantation, first at the bottom of tea plum kind plant hole, cover the thick ash of one deck 1.5-3.0cm, then cover the thick woods soil of one deck 1.5-2.5cm, cover again the thick composite biological fertilizer of one deck 1-2cm, then cover the thick woods soil of one deck 1.5-2.5cm; During plantation, by 1 strain/cave by the transplantation of seedlings of tea plum in tea plum kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and irrigate root with rich water; Again tea plum periphery is arranged and grow up and the wide furrow platform being 20-40cm, high 12-18cm.
4. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described mixed friendship plant is Qiu Ju, and the mixed friendship plant species plant hole dug is Qiu Ju kind plant hole, and its specification is long 6-10cm, wide 6-10cm, dark 25-40cm; Before plantation, first cover at the bottom of Qiu Ju kind plant hole one deck 1.5-3.0cm thick, by quartz sand: yellow sand: river sand is by 0.25:(1.5-3): the part by weight of 0.7 forms, fineness is that 120-160 object mixes fine sand, cover again the woods soil that one deck 3-5.5cm is thick, cover the tea shell ash that one deck 1-2cm is thick again, also cover the woods soil that one deck 2.5-3.5cm is thick; During plantation, be first 1:(500-700 by weight concentration) carbendazim solution be sprayed on root tangent plane and the root surface of Qiu Jumiao, then press 1-2 strain/cave by autumn chrysanthemum transplantation of seedlings in autumn chrysanthemum kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and irrigate root with rich water; Again autumn chrysanthemum periphery is arranged and grow up and the wide furrow platform being 20-40cm, high 12-18cm.
5. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described mixed friendship plant is sweet osmanthus, and the mixed friendship plant species plant hole dug is sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, and its specification is long 8-17cm, wide 8-17cm, dark 35-55cm; Before plantation, first at the bottom of sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, cover the thick ash of one deck 1.5-3.0cm, cover again the woods soil that one deck 1.5-2.5cm is thick, then cover the thick composite biological fertilizer of one deck 1-2cm, also cover the woods soil that one deck 1.5-2.5cm is thick; During plantation, by 1 strain/cave by sweet osmanthus transplantation of seedlings in sweet osmanthus kind plant hole, earthing compacting, and irrigate root with rich water.
6. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described conditioned soil is mixed by following raw material by weight:
Pond Silt 15-25 rice-straw ash 5-8 green manure 10-15
Decomposed dung 15-20 yellow soil 35-50.
7. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described fermented tcm leaf slag is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion:
Echinacea slag 6-10 mulberry leaf slag 15-20 tealeaf residue 5-10
Maize seedling slag 6-10 cuckoo slag 10-15 leaf of bamboo slag 5-10
Cushaw leaf slag 5-8 purple perilla slag 4-8 wheat straw slag 15-20
Red clover slag 4-7;
Its preparation process is as follows:
Above-mentioned Chinese medicine slag is processed into the fines of more than 40 orders, then drops in fermentation vat, add the water accounting for Chinese medicine slag total amount 10-30% simultaneously, stir evenly; Add the microbial bacteria accounting for Chinese medicine slag weight 1-2.5% again, mixing, 28-40 DEG C, under the condition of relative moisture 60-75%, process 15-30 days, obtains fermented tcm leaf slag.
8. the construction method of mixed friendship high yield camellia oleifera lam according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described microbial bacteria is one or more in saccharomycete, mould, Bacillus acidi lactici, cellulose decomposition bacteria, rhizobium, when for time two or more, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
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Denomination of invention: A construction method of mixed high-yield Camellia oleifera forest Effective date of registration: 20220509 Granted publication date: 20170728 Pledgee: Bank of Guilin Co.,Ltd. Baise Napo sub branch Pledgor: GUANGXI NAPO CUIZHUYUAN FORESTRY TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980005279 |