CN104823090A - 具有可现场安装的外连接器壳体的光纤连接器 - Google Patents

具有可现场安装的外连接器壳体的光纤连接器 Download PDF

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CN104823090A
CN104823090A CN201380062484.6A CN201380062484A CN104823090A CN 104823090 A CN104823090 A CN 104823090A CN 201380062484 A CN201380062484 A CN 201380062484A CN 104823090 A CN104823090 A CN 104823090A
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component
mounting blocks
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optical fiber
outconnector
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CN104823090B (zh
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朱利安·S·马拉尼
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TE Connectivity Corp
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Tyco Electronics Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种光连接器，包括第一子组件和第二子组件，第一子组件工厂安装至光纤的第一端，第二子组件现场安装至光纤的第一端。光纤和第一子组件能够在第二子组件安装之前行进通过结构(例如，建筑物)。第二子组件与第一子组件互锁以抑制彼此之间的相对轴向移动。示例性的第一子组件包括安装至光纤的插芯、毂和应力释放套筒。示例性的第二子组件包括安装块和形成插入部的外连接器壳体。

Description

具有可现场安装的外连接器壳体的光纤连接器
本申请为申请日为2013年11月26日的PCT国际专利申请，并且要求申请日为2012年11月30日，申请号为US 61/731,838的美国专利申请的优先权，该美国专利申请以其公开的全部内容通过引用的方式结合入本文中。
技术领域
本公开大体涉及用在光纤通信系统中的装置。更具体地，本公开涉及用在光纤通信系统中的光纤连接器。
背景技术
光纤通信系统正在变得流行，部分原因是服务供应商想为用户提供高带宽的通信能力(即，数据清单(data invoice))。光纤通信系统采用光缆网络，以在相对远的距离上传递大量的数据清单信号。光纤连接器为大多数光纤通信系统的重要部件。光纤连接器允许两个光纤快速、光学地连接，而不要求拼接。光纤连接器能够用于将两段光纤光学地相互连接。光纤连接器还能够用于将光纤段与被动和主动设备相互连接。
典型的光纤连接器包括支撑在连接器壳体的远端的插芯组件。可利用弹簧在相对于连接器壳体远端的方向上偏压插芯组件。该插芯起支撑至少一个光纤的端部的作用。在多光纤插芯的情况下，多个光纤的端部被支撑。插芯具有远端面，光纤的抛光的端部位于该远端面。当两个光纤连接器相互连接时，插芯的远端面彼此邻接。通常，插芯被至少一个弹簧一起偏压。通过连接的光纤连接器，它们各自的光纤被同轴对齐，使得光纤的端面彼此直接相对。这样，光学信号能够通过光纤的对齐的端面从一个光纤传递到另一个光纤。对于多数类型的光纤连接器，两个光纤连接器之间的对齐通过使用中间的光纤适配器获得。
发明内容
本公开的一个方面涉及一种具有可现场安装的连接器壳体组件的光纤连接器。本公开的另一方面涉及一种光纤连接器系统，其便于在多住户单元这样的建筑物中经常出现的管道或其它小导管内安装光纤。
本公开的又一方面涉及一种光纤连接系统，其中插芯被安装在光纤的端部(例如，在工厂或其它制造中心)，并且连接器壳体在光纤已经在期望位置安装后被现场安装在光纤的端部。例如，光纤能够在连接器壳体安装在光纤端部之前通过插芯安装在建筑物内的导管、管道或其它结构内。在某些示例中，弹簧和应力释放套可以在工厂安装在光纤上。在某些示例中，光纤可以包括保护缓冲层，例如为900微米的松紧缓冲管/夹套。在某些示例中，光纤能够作为具有外夹套和定位在光纤和外夹套之间的加强层(例如，聚芳基酰胺线加强层或其它适于增强光纤的拉伸强度的层)的线缆的一部分。在某些示例中，光缆能够具有小于1.5毫米的外直径，或者小于1.4毫米的外直径，或者小于1.3毫米的外直径，或者小于或等于1.2毫米的外直径。
本发明的各种附加方面将在后面的说明中提出。这些方面涉及单独的特征或特征的组合。应当理解的是，前面的一般说明和后面的详细说明都仅仅是示例性的和说明书的，而非限制本文公开的示例所基于的广泛的创造性的理念。
附图说明
图1为根据本公开的原理的光纤连接器的透视图；
图2为图1的光纤连接器沿平分图1的光纤连接器的竖直面的截面图；
图3为图1的光纤连接器的分解图；
图4为图1的光纤连接器的工厂安装的子组件的透视图；
图5图示出将可现场安装的连接器壳体组件安装到图4的工厂安装的子组件上的第一步；
图6图示出将可现场安装的连接器壳体组件安装到图4的工厂安装的子组件上的第二步；
图7为图4的工厂安装的子组件的插芯组件的透视图；
图8为图7的插芯组件的另一透视图；
图9为图7的插芯组件的又一透视图；
图10为图7的插芯组件的再一透视图；
图11为图7的插芯组件的插芯毂的透视图；
图12为图11的插芯毂的侧视图；
图13为图11的插芯毂的顶视图；
图14为图11的插芯毂的前端视图；
图15为图1的光纤连接器的主连接器壳体的后视图；以及
图16示出了根据本公开的原理的无弹簧的光纤连接器的一部分。
具体实施方式
图1-3图示出根据本公开的原理的光纤连接器20。光纤连接器20被示出安装在光纤22上。如图3所示，光纤连接器20包括光纤22的端部被支撑于其中的插芯24、支撑插芯24的插芯毂26、弹簧28、安装块30、对光纤22提供弯曲半径保护的柔性的应力释放套筒32(即套)和主连接器壳体34。弹簧28被捕获在插芯毂26的后侧36和安装块30的前弹簧止挡38之间。安装块30可以与应力释放套筒32互锁，以阻止安装块30和应力释放套筒32之间的相对轴向运动。
主连接器壳体34形成光纤连接器20的前插入部，并且适于接收插芯24、插芯毂26、弹簧28和安装块30的前弹簧止挡38(参见图2)。在某些示例中，在插芯毂26和主连接器壳体34的内部之间限定有键连接，使得插芯毂26只在一个预定的旋转方向上能够插入主连接器壳体34的内部(参见图14和图15)。插芯毂26的前侧40可以在主连接器壳体34内抵靠肩部42(参见图15)，以阻止插芯毂26在主连接器壳体34内向前运动。主连接器壳体34可以闩锁至安装块30或以其它方式连接至安装块30，以使得插芯毂26和弹簧28被捕获在主连接器壳体34和安装块30之间，并由此保持在主连接器壳体34内(参见图2)。
在某些示例中，弹簧28在相对于主连接器壳体34向前的方向上偏压插芯毂26和插芯24。在某些示例中，插芯24的前端面44在主连接器壳体34的前端46处是可以访问的。光纤22的抛光的端面可以定位在插芯24的前端面44上。在某些示例中，前端面44相对于光纤22的纵向轴线可以成一角度。在其它示例中，前端面44可以相对于光纤22的纵向轴线垂直。
在某些示例中，光纤22包括芯、包围芯的覆层、包围覆层的一个或多个涂层和包围一个或多个涂层的缓冲层。在某些示例中，芯可以具有在8-12微米范围内的外直径，覆层可以具有在120-130微米范围内的外直径，一个或多个涂层可以具有在240-260微米范围内的外直径，并且外缓冲层具有在800-1000微米范围内的外直径。在某些示例中，外缓冲层可以为具有约900微米外直径的松紧缓冲管。在某些示例中，只有光纤22的芯和覆层被支撑在插芯24内。
还将知道的是，芯和覆层可以由适于传送光学信号的材料构造，诸如玻璃(例如，基于二氧化硅的材料)。覆层可以具有小于芯的折射率的折射率。覆层的折射率和芯的折射率之间的差异使得通过光纤传递的光学信号被限制在芯内。在某些示例中，光纤为具有由一个或多个沟槽层分隔开的多个覆层的弯曲不敏感光纤。一个或多个涂层典型地具有例如为丙烯酸盐的聚合物构造。
在某些示例中，光纤被容纳进具有由外夹套包围的加强层(例如，聚芳基酰胺线层)的光缆中。在某些实施例中，去除了缓冲层，并且加强层直接包围光纤的涂层。在某些示例中，光缆具有小于1.5毫米的外直径，或者小于1.4毫米的外直径，或者小于1.3毫米的外直径，或者小于或等于1.2毫米的外直径。例如，申请日为2009年5月28日、申请号为US 12/473,931、发明名称为“光缆”的美国专利申请公开了一些这种光纤，该专利申请公开的内容在此通过引用引入本文中。
光纤连接器20的主连接器壳体34形成光纤连接器20的插入部，该光纤连接器被配置为配合在相应的光纤适配器内。在所描述的实施例中，主连接器壳体34为被配置为配合在LC型光纤适配器内的LC型连接器壳体。主连接器壳体34包括用于将主连接器壳体34固定在光纤适配器内的前闩锁50。主连接器壳体34还包括后闩锁52(图3)，该后闩锁52闩锁至安装块30，用于在主连接器壳体34和安装块30之间提供卡扣连接(参见图2)。一旦主连接器壳体34和安装块30被闩锁在一起，主连接器壳体34和安装块30之间的沿着光纤22的纵向轴线的相对轴向运动就将受到限制或被阻止。在某些示例中，后闩锁52能被分开地弯折以使主连接器壳体34从安装块30上脱离，用于维修、再组装、清洁或其它事由。在其它示例中，主连接器壳体34可以对应于其它连接器类型，例如SC型连接器、ST型连接器、FC型连接器或其它类型的连接器。
应力释放套筒32为细长的，并且具有用于接收光纤22的中心开口。在某些示例中，应力释放套筒32具有聚合物构造并且为柔性的。在某些示例中，应力释放套筒32具有随着应力释放套筒32从安装块30向后延伸截面尺寸减小的锥形构造。在某些示例中，应力释放套筒32可以具有增强柔性的分段构造(参见图2)。如图3所示，应力释放套筒32的前端部限定两个轴向间隔开的圆周槽56，该圆周槽56接收限定在安装块30内的对应的圆周肋(参见图3)，以在应力释放套筒32和安装块30之间提供机械的互锁。该机械的互锁抑制或阻止应力释放套筒32和安装块30之间的相对轴向运动。这样，当安装块30安装在应力释放套筒32上时，应力释放套筒32相对于安装块30被锁定在适当的位置中。
参考图6，安装块30具有大体矩形的主体60和从主体60向前突出的前延伸部62。前延伸部62的前端形成前弹簧止挡38。主体60包括顶部和底部轴向槽64，该底部轴向槽64接收主连接器壳体34的后闩锁52。主体60还限定了邻近主体60的后端的保持肩部66。主连接器壳体34的后闩锁52的卡钩68与保持肩部66接合，以在主连接器壳体34和安装块30之间提供卡扣连接。
如图3所示，安装块30包括包括上部件30A和下部件30B的两件式构造，上部件和下部件可以通过闩锁70提供的卡扣连接固定在一起。如上所示，轴向间隔开的肋可以设置在主体60内，以在主体60和应力释放套筒32之间提供互锁。通过定位安装块30的顶部和底部部件30A、30B使得轴向肋与应力释放套筒32的圆周槽56对齐，并且随后将顶部和底部部件30A、30B一起卡扣在应力释放套筒32周围，安装块30和应力释放套筒32被有效地互锁在一起。
安装块30的顶部和底部部件30A、30B可以包括配合销74和设置在顶部和底部部件30A、30B之间的界面处的前延伸部62上的开口76(参见图5)。配合销74和开口76辅助保持安装块30的顶部和底部部件30A、30B的对齐。
插芯24、插芯毂26、弹簧28和应力释放套筒32可以形成光纤连接器20的第一子组件80(参见图4)。在某些示例中，第一子组件可以在工厂安装在光纤22上。类似地，光纤22的前端面46可以在工厂中处理(例如抛光)。在某些示例中，应力释放套筒32和弹簧28可以在工厂中滑过光纤22。然后，插芯24和插芯毂26可以安装在光纤22的端部，并且光纤22和插芯24的端面可以在工厂设置中被处理。
在某些示例中，插芯24可以安装在插芯毂26内，以使得光纤22相对于插芯24的芯偏移的旋转位置被设定在相对于插芯毂26的预定旋转位置处。该芯偏移提供了连接器的调节。术语“芯偏移”是指一方向，在该方向上芯偏离于与插芯24完美同心的位置。在某些示例中，插芯24的端面可以以一角度抛光，并且插芯24可以安装在插芯毂26中，以使得该角度能在工厂中被设定为相对于插芯毂26的期望旋转方向。通过在插芯毂26和主连接器壳体34之间提供键连接，以及与在插芯毂26和插芯端面44的角度或芯的同心度之间建立预定的旋转关系结合，使端面的角度或芯的同心度被设定在相对于主连接器壳体34的预定旋转方向上。
参考图7、8和11-14，插芯毂26限定用于接收光纤22的中心开口。插芯毂26包括具有前端92的主体90，该前端限定用于接收插芯24的后端的插座94。如图14所示，主体90具有相对于彼此成一角度的相对的顶部主侧面和底部主侧面91、93。如图14所示，顶部主侧面和底部主侧面91、93沿主体90的宽度W延伸。宽度W在主体90的左侧和和右侧96、97之间延伸。右侧97具有大于主体90的左侧96限定的高度H2的高度H1。该高度差由顶部主侧面和底部主侧面91、93之间的锥角形成。将会知道的是，主体90的形状与限定在主连接器壳体34的内部中的容器100的相应形状吻合。主体90和容器100之间吻合的形状(参见图15)确保插芯毂26可以仅在一个旋转位置中插入主连接器壳体34。单个旋转位置由成角度的顶部表面和底部表面91、93以及在主连接器壳体34内的容器100的成角度的顶部表面和底部表面101、103控制。
再回头参考图1和图3，安装块30和主连接器壳体34可以形成第二子组件110。在某些示例中，第二子组件110能被现场安装到第一子组件80上(参见图3)。例如，第一子组件80能在工厂中被安装到光纤22上。然后带有安装在其上的第一子组件80的光纤22可以被传输到现场位置。现场位置的一个示例是多住户单元或其它建筑。然后带有安装在其上的第一子组件80的光纤22可以在现场位置被安装。例如，带有安装在其上的第一子组件80的光纤22能沿可通过例如管道、升管、充气室或其它通道的结构延伸的一个或多个规划路径行进。第一子组件80的相对较小的截面轮廓允许：即使在光纤22通过具有相对较小的内通道的管道行进的情况下，带有安装在其上的第一子组件80的光纤22仍能容易地沿期望的规划路径行进。较小的截面轮廓还使得多个光纤22能够容纳在具有小形状因数的载体(例如，套、管、拉拔套、夹套等)内。
当带有安装在其上的第一子组件80的光纤22的端部已行进至现场位置处的期望位置时，安装块30可以卡扣在应力释放套筒32上；并且插芯22、插芯毂26和弹簧28可以插入主连接器壳体34的后侧。然后主连接器壳体34被闩锁至已经完成组装的安装块30和光纤连接器20上。此后，光纤连接器20可以以相同方式被用作标准类型的连接器。对于某些应用，应认识到，弹簧28可以是可选的。就这一点而言，图16示出了一种替代的连接器20′，其中，弹簧28已被去除，并且安装块30的前延伸部62′已被延伸以填充通常应由弹簧28占据的空间。

Claims (20)

1.一种连接器，包括：
插芯，所述插芯用于接收光纤，所述插芯具有前端面；
毂，所述毂用于支撑所述插芯；
安装块；
应力释放套筒，所述应力释放套筒与所述安装块互锁，所述应力释放套筒被构造为对所述光纤提供弯曲半径保护；以及
外连接器壳体，所述外连接器壳体具有后端和形成插入部的前端，所述外连接器壳体的后端被构造为使所述插芯和所述毂能够通过所述后端装载到所述外连接器壳体中，当所述插芯和所述毂已被装载到所述外连接器壳体中时，所述外连接器壳体的前端提供对所述插芯的所述前端面的访问，所述外连接器壳体与所述安装块互锁，以使得所述安装块被固定在所述外连接器壳体的所述后端上，并且所述插芯和所述插芯毂通过所述安装块被保持在所述外连接器壳体内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其中所述安装块具有两件式构造，该两件式构造包括第一部件和第二部件，所述第一部件和所述第二部件一起卡扣在所述应力释放套筒周围。
3.根据权利要求2所述的连接器，其中所述安装块和所述应力释放套筒包括互锁接口，所述互锁接口包括与槽配合的肋。
4.根据权利要求3所述的连接器，其中所述肋设置在所述安装块的内部，并且所述应力释放套筒限定所述槽。
5.根据权利要求2所述的连接器，还包括定位在所述毂和所述安装块的弹簧止挡之间的弹簧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的连接器，其中所述安装块包括主体和前延伸部，并且其中所述前延伸部配合在所述外连接器壳体内部并且形成所述弹簧止挡。
7.根据权利要求6所述的连接器，其中所述安装块具有两件式构造，所述两件式构造包括第一部件和第二部件，所述安装块的所述第一部件和所述第二部件一起卡扣在所述应力释放套筒周围，所述安装块的所述第一部件和所述第二部件中的每一个都限定所述前延伸部的一部分和所述主体的一部分。
8.根据权利要求7所述的连接器，其中所述第一部件和所述第二部件的主体部分限定闩锁臂和槽口，并且其中所述第一部件和所述第二部件的前延伸部部分限定销和开口，以便于将所述第一部件和所述第二部件卡扣在一起。
9.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其中所述毂与所述外连接器壳体键合，以使得所述毂只能在一个旋转方向上插入所述外连接器壳体中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的连接器，其中所述毂限定锥形，所述锥形只在所述一个旋转方向上装配入限定在所述外连接器壳体中的容器内。
11.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其中所述插芯、所述毂和所述应力释放套筒形成第一子组件，所述第一子组件在工厂中被安装在所述光纤上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的连接器，其中所述外连接器壳体和所述安装块形成第二子组件，所述第二子组件在现场被安装在所述光纤上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的连接器，其中所述第二子组件在现场被安装在所述第一子组件上。
14.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其中所述外连接器壳体包括用于将所述连接器固定至端口的闩锁构件。
15.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其中所述外连接器壳体限定向后延伸的闩锁臂，所述闩锁臂与限定在所述安装块上的保持肩部互锁。
16.一种给结构安装线缆的方法，包括如下步骤：
提供光纤，所述光纤具有第一端，第一子组件安装在所述第一端，所述第一子组件包括插芯毂和保持所述光纤的光学插芯，其中外连接器壳体没有安装在所述光纤的所述第一端；
使所述光纤的第一端行进至所述结构上的第一位置；并且
在所述结构的所述第一位置处，将第二子组件安装在所述光纤的第一端上，所述第二子组件耦接至所述第一子组件，所述第二子组件包括形成插入部的外连接器壳体。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中安装所述第二子组件的步骤包括如下步骤：围绕所述光纤安装安装块，并且使所述外连接器壳体向后滑过所述第一子组件，直至所述外连接器壳体的闩锁指闩锁至所述安装块。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中围绕所述光纤安装所述安装块的步骤包括将所述第一子组件的一部分夹在所述安装块的两个部件之间的步骤。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中将所述第一子组件的所述部分夹在所述安装块的两个部件之间的步骤包括如下步骤：将所述第一子组件的应力释放套筒的槽口部设置在所述安装块的两个部件中的第一部件的通道内，并且将所述安装块的两个部件中的第二部件闩锁至所述第一部件。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括如下步骤：在远离所述结构的第二位置将所述第一子组件安装在所述光纤的第一端上。
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US11372172B2 (en) 2022-06-28

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