CN1047303A - 含有自动加速抑制剂的催化剂体系 - Google Patents
含有自动加速抑制剂的催化剂体系 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1047303A CN1047303A CN90104259A CN90104259A CN1047303A CN 1047303 A CN1047303 A CN 1047303A CN 90104259 A CN90104259 A CN 90104259A CN 90104259 A CN90104259 A CN 90104259A CN 1047303 A CN1047303 A CN 1047303A
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- catalyst system
- qualification
- inhibitor
- transition metal
- vanadium
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 transition metal carbonyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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Abstract
在一过渡金属催化剂体系中,改进之处包括在该催化剂体系中含有一种自动加速抑制剂。该抑制剂(I)约在催化剂体系自动加速温度下,分解成该催化剂体系的毒物;(II)在催化剂体系中的含量足以提供在自动加速温度下,抑制该催化剂体系的自动加速所需的毒物的数量;(III)在该催化剂体系的正常操作温度下基本上呈惰性,或在正常操作温度下对催化剂体系的抑制作用大大小于在自动加速温度下对催化剂体系的抑制作用。
Description
本发明是关于含有自动加速抑制剂的一种催化剂体系。
在升高的温度下活性较高这一特性,使许多过渡金属催化剂体系具有相当的吸引力,但也产生一定的付作用,这一点有些自相矛盾。上述缺陷,在动力学上可称作“自动加速作用”,它可导致工艺过程在实际操作中失控;造成反应过程中反应物“过度活泼”;使得颗粒产物聚结;以及出现其它各种不希望出现的结果如局部过热、结块、结片。
可将自动加速作用定义为:因温度突然升高而造成的工艺过程中反应速度突然提高到所不希望的水平。事实上,体系不能象热量生成的速度那样快地将热量排出。为了使反应器中的工艺过程处于平稳的操作状态,必须对这种现象进行控制。对付自动加速作用对反应器造成的干扰的常规作法是,由操作人员采取反应抑制措施向反应器内迅速注入催化毒物。这种极端的措施,是在操作人员的判断下采取的,且完全取决于其对反应器内催化剂的行为的判断。
为了解除操作人员对所作的、至少部分地是主观的这种决定所负的责任,已经有人提出催化剂动力学的原位控制,其目的是使催化剂监控自己的行为。
所以,本发明的一个目的是提供一种催化剂体系,该体系将在原位基本上避免了自动加速作用。本发明的其它目的和优点将明解记载在下文中。
根据本发明,已发现了一种改进的过渡金属催化剂体系,该体系能实现上述目的。改进之外包括在该催化剂体系中,含有一种自动加速抑制剂,该抑制剂(ⅰ)在催化剂体系自动加速的温度范围内,分解成该催化剂体系的毒物;(ⅱ)在催化剂体系中的含量,足以提供在自动加速的温度范围内,抑制该催化剂体系所需的毒物的数量;(ⅲ)在该催化剂体系的正常操作温度范围内基本上是惰性的,或在正常操作温度范围内对催化剂体系的抑制作用大大小于在自动加速的温度范围内对催化剂体系的抑制作用。
主题发明用途广泛,在自动加速作用构成潜在问题的工艺方法中所用的任何过渡金属催化剂的体系中,都可方便地利用该自动加速抑制剂。
表Ⅰ列出了各种催化剂体系及其所用的自动加速抑制剂的实例。应当理解,自动加速和分解的温度范围随体系和抑制剂而变。关于这一点,表Ⅰ所列实例对所涉及的特定的催化剂体系提供了某种指导作用。
本发明将讨论可用于α-烯烃聚合反应,特别是用于制备乙烯均聚物和共聚物的一种典型的催化剂体系,即钒催化剂体系,该体系包括:
(ⅰ)一种钒化合物与一种电子供体的反应产物,该电子供体是液体的有机路易斯碱,可溶解钒化合物;
(ⅱ)一种使上成份(ⅰ)渗透其中的氧化硅载体;
(ⅲ)一种卤化碳促进剂;
(ⅳ)一种烷基铝助催化剂;
(ⅴ)作为自动加速抑制剂的一种Diels-Alder加成物或一种过渡金属羰基化物,附带条件是,该抑制剂在催化剂体系达到其自动加速的温度范围时将分解。
可以理解,某些抑制剂在正常操作温度范围内基本上是惰性的,而另一些抑制剂将在该温度范围内分解,但此时其对催化剂体系的抑制作用大大小于在自动加速温度范围内的抑制作用。
钒化合物可是公知的、可用来形成作为聚合工艺中催化剂前体的那些络合物的钒化合物中的任一种。具体的钒化合物有三卤化钒、四卤化钒、卤氧化钒。卤化物通常是氯化物、溴化物、或碘化物或它们的混合物。在上述化合物中可例举出VCl3、VCl4和VOCl3。也可用钒的乙酰丙酮化物如三乙酰丙酮氧钒。
电子供体是液体的有机路易斯碱,可溶解钒化合物。每一电子供体具有2-20个碳原子,可选自含脂肪羧酸和芳烃羧酸的烷基酯、脂肪酮、脂肪胺、脂肪醇、烷基和环烷基醚及它们的混合物。在这些电子供体中,优选具有2-20个碳原子的烷基和环烷基醚;具有3-20个碳原子的二烷基、二芳基和烷基芳基酮;和具有2-20个碳原子的烷基和芳基羧酸的烷基、烷氧基和烷基烷氧基酯。最优选的电子供体是四氢呋喃。其它适用的电子供体的实例有甲酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙醚、二恶烷、二-正丙基醚,二丁基醚、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、茴香酸乙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、四氢吡喃、和丙酸乙酯。
为提供钒化合物与电子供体的反应产物,开始时用过量的电子供体,最后的反应产物约含1-20mol电子供体/mol钒化合物,较好的含约1-10mol电子供体/mol钒化合物。最优选的是3mol电子供体/mol钒化合物。
氧化硅载体是一种固体的、多孔状颗粒材料,对聚合反应基本上呈惰性。所用的干粉的平均粒径约为10-250微米,优选的约为30-100微米;表面积至少约为3m2/g,优选的约为50m2/g;孔径至少约为80
,优选的至少约为100
。载体用量要能提供约为0.05-0.6mmol钒化合物/g载体,优选的约为0.3-0.5mmol钒化合物/g载体。
卤化碳促进剂可具有下列通式:
RaCX(4-a)
式中R=氢或具有1-6个碳原子的未被取代的或被卤素取代的烷基;
X=卤素;
a=0,1或2。
卤素可是氯、溴、碘或氟,每种X可相同或不同。优选的促进剂包括氟代、氯代和溴代甲烷或乙烷且至少具有两个卤原子与碳原子连接,如氯仿、CFCl3、CH3CCl3、四氯化碳和CF2ClCCl3。优选的是上述前三种促进剂。每摩尔助催化剂可用约0.1-10摩尔,优选的约0.2-2摩尔的促进剂。
可用R3Al代表烷基铝助催化剂,式中每个R是一种烷基,每一个R可相同或不同;每一个R有1-14个碳原子,优选2-8个碳原子。此外,每一个烷基可是直链或支链的。适用的具体的烷基有甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、2-甲基戊基、庚基、辛基、异辛基、2-乙基己基、5,5-二甲基己基、壬基、癸基、异癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基。
适用的烷基铝化合物的例子有:三异丁基铝、三己基铝、二-异丁基己基铝、异丁基二己基铝、三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三丙基铝、三
异丙基铝、三-正丁基铝、三辛基铝、三癸基铝、三(十二烷基)铝、三苄基铝、三苯基铝、三萘基铝、三甲苯基铝。优选的烷基铝是三乙基铝、三异丁基铝和三己基铝。
可在聚合反应之前或反应期间,将助催化剂和促进剂加到被载着的钒络合物上。两者可一起或分开加入,或同时或依次加入。优选的加入方式是,在开始通入乙烯的同时向聚合反应分别加入助催化剂和促进剂与惰性溶剂如异戊烷配成的溶液。对任何重要的聚合反应而言,助催化剂都是必不可少的。但另一方面,可将促进剂视为优选方案。每摩尔钒催化剂,即钒化合物与电子供体的反应产物可用约5-500摩尔,优选的约10-40摩尔的助催化剂。
自动加速抑制剂可是Diels-Alder加成物或一种过渡金属羰化物,只要该抑制剂在催化剂达到自动加速温度范围时可以分解就行。据信,上述分解产物再与催化剂上的活性位作用,防止自动加速作用发生。抑制剂在达到分解温度范围之前最好是稳定的。自动加速温度范围如对用于高密度聚乙烯的钒催化剂体系而言,约为110-125℃。因此,自动加速抑制剂的分解温度范围最好起始于上述温度范围的下限值。虽然既可以干混形式将抑制剂与催化剂混合,也可将其作为独立成份加到反应器中,但优选将其固定在催化剂颗粒上,如使其与催化剂前体一起浸入氧化硅载体中。
对Diels-Alder加成物的说明见Streitwies er等人的《有机化学入门》(Introduction to Organic Chemistry),第三版,麦克米兰公司,纽约,1985,PP.550-558。可用作本发明自动加速抑制剂的那些抑制剂可具有约4-20个碳原子,优选的约4-10个碳原子。它们可有1或2个碳碳不饱和键,且既可是单环的
,也可是多环的。此外,它们可是被取代的或未被取代的烃类化合物。适用的取代基可例举出甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、-2-戊基、-3-戊基、新戊基、正己基、2-己基及苯基;可用于制备加成物的二烯类可例举出1,3-丁二烯、1,3-戊二烯、2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯(异戊二烯)、1,3-己二烯、2,4-己二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、2,4-二甲基-1,3-己二烯、2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯、环戊二烯、甲基环戊二烯、1,3-环己二烯、1,3-环庚二烯及1,3-环辛二烯;可用于制备加成物的单烯或亲二烯类可例举出二氧化硫、一氧化碳、环戊二烯、乙酸乙烯基酯、丙烯酸、乙炔二羧酸二甲酯、乙烯、甲基乙烯基酮、乙炔二羧酸二乙酯、丙烯醛和丙烯酸甲酯。可用的Diels-Alder加成物可例举出二环戊二烯、甲基环戊二烯二聚体、丁二烯砜、异戊二烯砜和碳酸亚乙烯酯。
亦可用来实施本发明的自动加速抑制剂化合物有过渡金属羰基化物。金属通常选自周期表第ⅥB、ⅦB和Ⅷ族。特别有意义的过渡金属是铬、钼、铁、钨、钌、锇、铼和锰。过渡金属羰化物可是无机或有机化合物。有机化合物可含有未被取代的或被取代的脂烃或芳烃有机基团,只要该取代基对采用该抑制剂的特定工艺呈惰性即可。优选的有机基团限于2-20个碳原子的基团,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、庚基、苯基或苄基。适宜的过渡金属羰基化物抑制剂可例举出Cr(CO)6;Mo(CO)6;Fe(CO)5;W(CO)6;C5H5Fe(CO)2I;C7H8Mo(CO)3;C6H5CO2CH3Cr(CO)3;C6H5NHCH3Cr(CO)3;Fe3(CO)12;Ru3(CO)12;Os3(CO)12;Re2(CO)10;和Mn2(CO)10。
除了采用Diels-Alder加成物与金属羰化物的混合物,还可采用Diels-Alder加成物的混合物和过渡金属碳化物的混合物。
过渡金属催化剂中,所用自动加速抑制剂与过渡金属的摩尔比约为0.1∶1-200∶1,优选约0.5∶1-100∶1。抑制剂可以(ⅰ)与浸渍后的氧化硅载体干混;(ⅱ)从溶液中浸到已浸有催化剂前体的氧化硅载体上;(ⅲ)先在电子供体或其它惰性溶剂中与氧化硅制成浆液,再加入三卤化钒与同一电子供体的反应产物;或单独加到反应器中。在所有情况下,氧化硅都经过加热脱水的预活化处理。上述方法中的任一种的效果都比将抑制剂与载钒催化剂的氧化硅干混的效果好。任何情况下,用于制备主题催化剂的抑制剂应基本上无水。也可使抑制剂以化学方式固定到载体上,即在抑制剂和载体之间形成化学键,而不是使其通过物理吸附附着在载体表面。在上述任一制法中,应避开抑制剂的分解温度范围。
随意地,钒催化剂体系中可包括一种改性剂,该改性剂可浸渍到催化剂载体上。改性剂的通式是BX3或AIR(3-a)Xa,式中每一个R为1-14个碳原子的烷基;X是氯、溴或碘;每一个R和X可相同或不同;a为0、1或2。优选的改性剂包括烷基一或二氯化铝(其中每一烷基具有1-6个碳原子)和三氯化硼。特别优选的改性剂是二乙基氯化铝。每摩尔电子供体可用约0.1-10摩尔,优选约0.2-2.5摩尔改性剂。使用改性剂时,改性剂构成三氯化钒/电子供体络合物的一部分。
利用常规技术如流化床、淤浆法或溶液法可使乙烯聚合或共聚反应在气相或液相中进行。溶液和淤浆聚合法可见Stille的《高分子化学入门》(Introduction to Polymer Chemistry),Wiley and Sons,New York,1962,流化床法见U.S.4482687。优选的是连续化的流化床法。采用该流化床法时,将钒络合物、助催化剂、促进剂、乙烯单体及任何共聚单体连续加入反应器,同时不断取出聚乙烯产品。得到的乙烯共聚物的密度可在较宽范围内变化,这取决于α-烯烃共聚单体的加入量及所用的具体的共聚单体。α-烯烃的摩尔百分比越高,密度越低。α-烯烃可具有3-12个碳原子。
流化床聚合法可在产物的烧结温度以下的温度下进行。常规操作温度通常约为10℃-115℃。优选的常规操作温度将随所需密度而变。在常规操作温度约85℃-115℃,优选约为90℃-100℃时,得到大于约0.94g/cc的高密度聚乙烯。制备密度范围约0.91-0.94g/cc的低密度聚乙烯时,优选在约75℃-90℃的常规操作温度下进行。密度低于约0.91g/cc的极低密度聚乙烯优选在约10℃-80℃的常规操作温度下制备。生产密度非常低的聚乙烯时,为了防止形成聚合物结块及将聚合反应保持在连续进行的水平上,必须用大量的稀释气体稀释反应混合物。
流化床反应器一般在约1000psig以下,优选约50-350psig的压力下操作。
可用链转移剂如氢终止聚合物链。通常所用氢与乙烯的比例在约0.001-2.0ml氢/mol乙烯之间改变。
自动加速抑制剂的作用是基本上抑制自动加速过程,但不明显干扰催化剂在正常操作温度下的高活性。
除自动加速抑制剂外,钒基催化剂及其制法与U.S.4508842中所述催化剂很接近。
本文参考了说明书所列的专利及公开出版物。
下面用实例进一步说明本发明。
实例1-21
负载型钒基催化剂的典型制备过程如下:在约250℃-800℃、干燥的惰性的气体如氮气中对硅胶进行预活化处理约8-16hr,得到的载体基本上无吸附水,且含少于约0.7mmol表面羟基/g氧化硅。在氮气中,将该氧化硅与新精制的四氢呋喃(THF)制成浆液。所加入的VCl3(THF)3的量使负载量约为0.2-0.6mmol钒/g载体。将该混合物搅拌约20-40min,除掉过量的THF。如需加二乙基氯化铝(DEAC)改性,则在除掉过量THF后加入DEAC。在另外搅拌下,加入在己烷中的抑制剂溶液,然后除去溶剂,得到可自由流动的粉末。
在这些实例中,将VCl3(THF)3溶液加到经预活化的氧化硅与THF配制的浆液中,再于45℃干燥成为自由流动的粉末。这就是催化剂前体。再按上述方法用DEAC处理之。产物是负载的氧化硅VCl3(THF)3(DEAC)1.5催化剂。除例1和8外,采取下述三种不同方法中的一种加入自动加速抑制剂:
A.作为单独成份加到反应器中;
B.与催化剂干混;或
C.与催化剂前体和DEAC共浸入氧化硅载体中。这一过程是通过使抑制剂溶解在己烷或二氯甲烷中,再使催化剂与该溶液混合30min完成的。再除掉溶剂,得到自由流动的粉末。
向装有600ml己烷的反应器内加入催化剂、抑制剂(根据方法A、B或C)、三乙基铝(TEAL)助催化剂及氟代三氯甲烷促进剂(除例7中促进剂是1,1,1-三氯乙烷外)。所用催化剂的量要足以提供0.05mmol钒的装填量。每当量钒各配备40当量助催化剂和促进剂。
每一例试验两次,各30min。一次实验在85℃进行,该温度在催化剂体系的正常操作温度范围内。该实验中,反应器开始用乙烯和1psi氢加压,使总压为160psig。另一次实验在125℃进行,该温度属于该催化剂体系自动加速温度范围。该实验中,当反应器达到120℃时,加入助催化剂和乙烯。氢在60℃时加入。
表Ⅱ和Ⅲ列出各种变量和得到的结果。
对实例和表格的附注:
1.THF=四氢呋喃
2.DEAC=二乙基氯化铝
3.抑制剂=自动加速抑制剂
4.抑制剂/V=抑制剂与钒的摩尔比
5.加入方式=上述A、B或C
6.催化剂活性用g聚乙烯/mmol钒.hr.100psig乙烯表示。
7.%变化=无抑制剂的对比例与加抑制剂的实例之间活性的差值。例2-7与例1相对照,例9-21与例8相对照。
8.例1-7在操作时,是将催化剂、助催化剂、促进剂和抑制剂(例2-7)作为独立成分直接加到反应器中。与其相反,例8-21是将催化剂、助催化剂、促进剂和抑制剂(例9-21)先在一小瓶内混合后再加到反应器中。
9.对比例(无抑制剂)的区别在于例1中温度从85℃升到125℃时,活性变化不大,而例8中从85℃升到125℃,活性几乎提高2倍。这种差别可认为是因所用的2种加料方式不同而造成的。(参见附注8)
实例22-27
将上述固体催化剂与助催化剂(三乙基铝)、促进剂(CHCl3)和抑制剂(二环戊二烯)一起用于乙烯和1-己烯的共聚反应。该共聚反应在类似于U.S.4482687中所述的流化床反应系统中进行。
每一聚合反应中,将固体催化剂成份与助催化剂、促进剂和抑制剂一起连续加入共聚反应器。
向反应器加入作为链转移剂的氢,以控制高聚物产物的分子量。而且利用氮气将总压保持在一固定水平。
表Ⅳ列出所用催化剂组成和反应条件。表Ⅴ表示两个对比实验(例22和23),即无抑制剂的试验。该实验显示出催化剂活性的正常变化情况(树脂中的钒,ppm)。例24-27是为确定在抑制剂存在下,温度对催化剂活性的影响。
这些实例表明,在催化剂体系的正常操作范围内,抑制剂的作用是稳定的。
表Ⅲ
活性
%变化 %变化
实例 抑制剂 抑制剂/V 加入方式 85℃ 125℃ 85℃ 125℃
8 - - - 748 1473 - -
9 Cr(CO)61 A 739 495 -1 -66
10 Mo(CO)60.5 A 713 511 -5 -65
11 Mo(CO)61 A 956 422 +28 -71
12 Mo(CO)62 A 741 328 -1 -78
13 Mo(CO)61 B 835 966 +12 -34
14 Mo(CO)61 C 910 934 +20 -37
15 W(CO)61 A 677 837 -10 -43
16 Fe(CO)51 A 766 405 +2 -73
17 C5H5Fe(CO)2I 1 A 430 417 -43 -72
18 C7H8Mo(CO)31 A 704 372 -6 -75
19 C7H8Mo(CO)31 C 733 439 -2 -70
20 C6H5CO2CH3Cr(CO)31 C 970 905 +30 -39
21 C6H5NHCH3Cr(CO)31 C 780 812 +4 -45
表Ⅳ
催化剂 反应条件
载体:硅胶 温度(℃) 90-110
前体:VCl3/THF 总压 315psia
改性剂:DEAC C2H4压力 230psia
改性剂/V摩尔比:1.78 N2压力 80psia
助催化剂:TEAL H2压力 3.7-5.8psia
促进剂:CHCl3共聚单体 1-己烯
Al/V摩尔比:24 共聚单体/C2H4(摩尔比) 0.004-0.017
促进剂/V摩尔比:24 H2/C2H4(摩尔比) 0.016-0.025
停留时间 4hr
抑制剂 二环戊二烯
抑制剂/V(摩尔比) 5.0-11.0
表Ⅴ
实例 二环戊二烯/V 温度(℃) 树脂中的钒(ppm) 评价
(摩尔比)
22 0 90 7.4 -
23 0 105 2.5 -
24 8.0 90 6.5 操作较稳定
25 7.8 100 6.0 操作较稳定
26 11.2 110 6.0 操作较稳定
27 5.0 110 6.9 操作较稳定
Claims (40)
1、一种过渡金属催化剂体系,包括一种过渡金属催化剂和一种自动加速抑制剂,该抑制剂(i)大约在催化剂体系自动加速的温度下,分解成该催化剂体系的毒物;(ii)在催化剂体系中的含量足以提供在自动加速的温度下,抑制该催化剂体系所需的毒物的数量;(iii)在该催化剂体系的正常操作温度下基本上呈惰性,或在正常操作温度下对催化剂体系的抑制作用大大小于在自动加速温度下对催化剂体系的抑制作用。
2、权利要求1限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中抑制剂是Diels-Alder加成物。
3、权利要求1限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中抑制剂是过渡金属羰化物。
4、权利要求2限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中Diels-Alder加成物约有4-20个碳原子。
5、权利要求4限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中Diesl-Alder加成物是单环或多环的。
6、权利要求2限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中Diels-Alder加成物是一种砜。
7、权利要求2限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中Diels-Alder加成物是一种碳酸酯。
8、权利要求5限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中Diels-Alder加成物是多环的。
9、权利要求8限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中Diels-Alder加成物是二环戊二烯。
10、权利要求3限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中过渡金属羰基化物中的过渡金属是钼、铬、钨或铁。
11、权利要求3限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中过渡金属羰基化物除含有羰基外,还含有具有2-20个碳原子的未被取代的或被取代的有机基团,但取代基要对使用该抑制剂的工艺过程显示惰性。
12、权利要求1限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中抑制剂含量按抑制剂与过渡金属摩尔比计约为0.1∶1-200∶1。
13、权利要求12限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中抑制剂含量按抑制剂与过渡金属摩尔比计约为0.5∶1-100∶1。
14、权利要求1限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中过渡金属催化剂是颗粒状的,且抑制剂存在于所有的过渡金属催化剂颗粒上。
15、权利要求1限定的过渡金属催化剂体系,其中过渡金属催化剂是颗粒状的,且抑制剂存在于基本上所有的过渡金属催化剂颗粒上。
16、在一过渡金属催化剂体系中,改进之处包括该催化剂体系含有自动加速抑制剂,该抑制剂(ⅰ)约在催化剂体系自动加速的温度下,分解成该催化剂体系的毒物;(ⅱ)在催化剂体系中的含量足以提供在自动加速温度下,抑制该催化剂体系所需的毒物的数量;(ⅲ)在该催化剂体系的正常操作温度下基本上呈惰性,或在正常操作温度下对催化剂体系的抑制作用大大小于在自动加速温度下对催化剂体系的抑制作用。
17、一种钒催化剂组合物,包括:
(ⅰ)一种钒化合物与一种电子供体的反应产物,该电子供体是可溶解钒化合物的液体有机路易斯碱;
(ⅱ)一种将成分(ⅰ)浸渍在其上的氧化硅载体;
(ⅲ)一种卤化碳促进剂;
(ⅳ)一种烷基铝助催化剂;
(ⅴ)作为自动加速抑制剂的一种Diels-Alder加成物或过渡金属羰基化物,但该抑制剂要在催化剂体系达到其自动加速温度时分解。
18、权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中的路易斯碱是一种脂烃或芳烃羧酸烷基酯、一种脂肪酮、一种脂肪胺、一种脂肪醇、一种烷基或环烷基醚、或它们的混合物。
19、权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物,另外还包括:
(ⅵ)分子式为BX3或AIR(3-a)Xa的一种改性剂,该式中每一R为一具有1-14个碳原子的烷基;X是氯、溴或碘;每一R和X可相同或不同;a为0,1或2。
20、权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中的抑制剂是一种Diels-Alder加成物。
21、权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中的抑制剂是一种过渡金属羰化物。
22、权利要求20限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中Diels-Alder加成物具有4-20个碳原子。
23、权利要求20限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中Diels-Alder加成物是单环或多环的。
24、权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中抑制剂含量按抑制剂与钒摩尔比计约为0.1∶1-200∶1。
25、权利要求24限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中抑制剂含量按抑制剂与钒摩尔比计约为0.5∶1-100∶1。
26、权利要求19限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中助催化剂是三异丁基铝。
27、权利要求19限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中助催化剂是三乙基铝。
28、权利要求19限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中助催化剂是三己基铝。
29、权利要求19限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中的促进剂是CHCl3、CH3CCl3或CFCl3。
30、权利要求21限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中抑制剂中的过渡金属选自周期表第ⅥB、ⅦB和Ⅷ族。
31、权利要求30限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中抑制剂中的过渡金属是铬、钼、钨或铁。
32、权利要求29限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中过渡金属羰化物是Cr(CO)6;Mo(CO)6;Fe(CO)5;W(CO)6;C5H5Fe(CO)2I;C7H8Mo(CO)3;C6H5CO2CH3Cr(CO)3;C6H5NHCH3Cr(CO)3;Fe3(CO)12;Ru3(CO)12;Os3(CO)12;Re2(CO)10;或Mn2(CO)10。
33、权利要求19限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中的改性剂是二乙基氯化铝。
34、权利要求19限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中改性剂的含量约为0.1-10mol/mol电子供体。
35、权利要求33限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中改性剂的含量约为0.2-2.5mol/mol电子供体。
36、权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物,其中抑制剂存在于被浸渍的载体中。
37、一种乙烯聚合的方法,包括在聚合条件下,使乙烯及随意地,一种或一种以上的α-烯烃共聚单体与权利要求17限定的钒催化剂组合物相接触。
38、权利要求37限定的方法,其中的路易斯碱是一种脂烃或芳烃羧酸的烷基酯、一种脂肪酮、一种脂肪胺、一种脂肪醇、一种烷基环烷基醚,或一种它们的混合物。
39、权利要求37限定的方法,其中的钒催化剂另外还包括(ⅵ)一种通式为BX3或AIR(3-a)Xa的改性剂,该式中每一R为一种具有1-14个碳原子的烷基;X是氯、溴或碘;每一R和X可相同或不同;a为0、1或2。
40、在一种由过渡金属催化剂体系催化的方法中,改进之处包括在权利要求1限定的过渡金属催化剂体系存在下实施该方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/349,398 US4942147A (en) | 1989-05-08 | 1989-05-08 | Catalyst system containing an autoacceleration inhibitor |
US349,398 | 1989-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1047303A true CN1047303A (zh) | 1990-11-28 |
Family
ID=23372236
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN90104259A Pending CN1047303A (zh) | 1989-05-08 | 1990-05-07 | 含有自动加速抑制剂的催化剂体系 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4942147A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0397074B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2811499B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1047303A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE119550T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU618190B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2016203C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69017501T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2068941T3 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3015583T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU209494B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO176245C (zh) |
PL (1) | PL163122B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT93973B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN105175632A (zh) * | 2008-04-07 | 2015-12-23 | 株式会社普利司通 | 用于本体聚合的方法 |
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DE4130352A1 (de) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-18 | Basf Ag | Des- und reaktivierte metallocenkatalysatorsysteme |
ES2088188T3 (es) * | 1992-05-22 | 1996-08-01 | Bridgestone Corp | Neumaticos que tienen resistencia reducida a la rodadura. |
US5200502A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1993-04-06 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Deactivator reagent for olefin polymerization catalysts |
US6346584B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2002-02-12 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Catalyst modifiers and their use in the polymerization of olefins(s) |
US6369174B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2002-04-09 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Catalyst modifier and its use in the polymerization of olefin(s) |
US6713573B2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2004-03-30 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Catalyst modifiers and their use in the polymerization of olefin(s) |
US6708239B1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2004-03-16 | The Boeing Company | Network device interface for digitally interfacing data channels to a controller via a network |
US6365681B1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-04-02 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Preventing upsets in polymerization reactors |
US7393910B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2008-07-01 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Catalyst composition for ethylene polymerization |
CN106661140B (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2019-04-19 | 株式会社普利司通 | 共轭二烯聚合物的制造方法、共轭二烯聚合物、橡胶组合物和轮胎 |
CN108290972B (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2020-06-26 | 株式会社普利司通 | 聚合催化剂组合物、和共轭二烯系聚合物的制造方法 |
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US2883372A (en) * | 1957-03-14 | 1959-04-21 | Du Pont | Copolymers of ethylene and dihydrodicyclopentadiene |
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DE1256424B (de) * | 1965-01-20 | 1967-12-14 | Vickers Zimmer Ag Planung | Verfahren zur Polymerisation von olefinisch ungesaettigten Kohlenwasserstoffen |
AT279152B (de) * | 1966-08-09 | 1970-02-25 | Montedison Spa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Katalysatorkomponenten zur Polymerisation von α-Olefinen |
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US4988783A (en) * | 1983-03-29 | 1991-01-29 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Ethylene polymerization using supported vanadium catalyst |
US4508842A (en) * | 1983-03-29 | 1985-04-02 | Union Carbide Corporation | Ethylene polymerization using supported vanadium catalyst |
JPS60135409A (ja) * | 1983-12-23 | 1985-07-18 | Chisso Corp | オレフイン重合用触媒とその製造法 |
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-
1989
- 1989-05-08 US US07/349,398 patent/US4942147A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-06 US US07/488,899 patent/US5362823A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-07 ES ES90108539T patent/ES2068941T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-07 HU HU902694A patent/HU209494B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-07 JP JP2115955A patent/JP2811499B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-07 NO NO902006A patent/NO176245C/no unknown
- 1990-05-07 AU AU54730/90A patent/AU618190B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-05-07 AT AT90108539T patent/ATE119550T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-07 PT PT93973A patent/PT93973B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-07 EP EP90108539A patent/EP0397074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-07 DE DE69017501T patent/DE69017501T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-07 CN CN90104259A patent/CN1047303A/zh active Pending
- 1990-05-07 CA CA002016203A patent/CA2016203C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-08 PL PL90285093A patent/PL163122B1/pl unknown
-
1995
- 1995-03-30 GR GR950400763T patent/GR3015583T3/el unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105175632A (zh) * | 2008-04-07 | 2015-12-23 | 株式会社普利司通 | 用于本体聚合的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE119550T1 (de) | 1995-03-15 |
PT93973A (pt) | 1991-01-08 |
HUT53824A (en) | 1990-12-28 |
DE69017501T2 (de) | 1995-07-06 |
NO902006L (no) | 1990-11-09 |
JPH0394833A (ja) | 1991-04-19 |
HU902694D0 (en) | 1990-09-28 |
EP0397074A2 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
EP0397074A3 (en) | 1992-01-29 |
US5362823A (en) | 1994-11-08 |
CA2016203A1 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
NO902006D0 (no) | 1990-05-07 |
ES2068941T3 (es) | 1995-05-01 |
CA2016203C (en) | 1994-09-20 |
US4942147A (en) | 1990-07-17 |
GR3015583T3 (en) | 1995-06-30 |
NO176245B (no) | 1994-11-21 |
PT93973B (pt) | 1996-11-29 |
JP2811499B2 (ja) | 1998-10-15 |
HU209494B (en) | 1994-06-28 |
PL163122B1 (pl) | 1994-02-28 |
DE69017501D1 (de) | 1995-04-13 |
EP0397074B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
AU5473090A (en) | 1990-11-08 |
PL285093A1 (en) | 1991-01-14 |
NO176245C (no) | 1995-03-01 |
AU618190B2 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
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