A kind of cultural method of July red pear
Technical field
The present invention relates to pear tree technical field of cultivation, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of July red pear.
Background technology
" July red pear " be " ed-skinned Pears " from a jargonel bud mutation preferably out new quality product system Jing in recent years repeatedly
Grafting observation, preferably, its variation features, Ye Hong, premium, young fruit are entirely red, and after maturation, the bright-coloured bar of fruit is red, and its interior quality is without stone
Cell, crisp sweet, quality are extremely gone up, whole period of duration, and resistant to diseases and insects and anti-disaster ability are had outstanding performance, easy cultivation management,
Its biological characteristics is stable, becomes phenomenon without returning, and adaptability is superpower, and protrusion is excellent.
" July red pear " growth potential golden mean of the Confucian school is slightly strong (base anvil difference has difference).Germination rate is high, and big in tree body, tree performance is relatively opened
, strong into principal stresses, sapling up-growth gesture is prosperous, and as a result rear tree vigo(u)r switchs to the golden mean of the Confucian school, and based on middle fruit spur result, treelet is with axillary bud
Based on (poppyhead) result, continuous bearing capacity is strong, and biennial bearing is not obvious, and annual shoot vein is aubergine, and Newborn Leaves are whole
Trophophase is all red, after seedling planting, can form bud then, and Second Year is yielded positive results, and can get bumper crops within the 3rd year, its
Fruit-setting rate is high, the general best fruiting period average yield per mu of high and stable yield up to four metric ton or so, " July red pear " wide adaptability, drought resisting,
Cold-resistant, waterlogging, barren-resistant, suitable each pear tree Shi Zai areas large area cultivation of the whole nation.
Phenological period " July red pear ", early April full blossom, mid-July were ripe, and fruit is sent out in Huang-Huai Area mid-March rudiment
Educate the phase, 100 days or so, late November blade is started shedding off, into rest period.
" July red pear " is a variant strains, and it has, and pear flower is pink, young fruit is entirely red, and tender leaf is purplish red, ripe really bar it is red or
Piece is red, and referred to as " four is strange red greatly " can be sold as kind high-grade goods fruit is eaten raw, adopt the main cultivation of Tourism Garden of Ecological but also as landscape certainly
Fruit variety.The kind is also suitable for production patch word art fruit, and price is high, and economic benefit is high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultural method of July red pear, simply, yield is high, fruit quality for method
It is good.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions:
1st, a kind of cultural method of July red pear, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation:Flat land is selected, fine to flatten, seeding row spacing is 2 × 3 meters or 2 × 4 meters, planting pit digs 1 meter to be seen
Side;
(2) it is colonized:1 meter of depths fertilising material, the fertilizer include the raw material of following percentage by weight:Farm manure 75-
80%, calcium superphosphate 20-25%;Then with native top layer mellow soil, fill out, it is steady and sure when banketing, seedling is planted in center, left and right
Every trade is aligned in front and back, while banketing, side carries Seedling upwards, stretches pears Seedling fibrous root, and the depth of planting is less than ground level with pears Seedling bottom root neck
3-5 centimetre is standard, and pours permeable, and fine earth is covered on upper strata, and one hill of heap is in seedling periphery;
(3) pruning:When seedling is transplanted, 5-8 bud is carved on seedling;When branch is sent to 50-80cm, using drawing
Branch, support branch, other branch dual-purpose girdling trunk branch spray plant growth regulator paclobutrazol one to two time;
(4) flower thinning:When alabastrum is separated, determine that individual plant stays colored amount according to tree vigo(u)r, weak inflorescence is thinning out during flower thinning and is existed with raw
Between branch, young fruit is easily caused injury the inflorescence at place by friction future, and it is 15-20cm to have dredged the inflorescence spacing for after spending, staying;
(5) fruit thinning:Disease pest fruit, fruitlet and malformed fruit are thinning out with handss or pruner, are then strengthened further according to size and branch weak
Decision stays fruit how many, and treelet fruit spur stays 1-2 fruit, vigorous branches to stay 2-3 fruit;
(6) topdress:Treelet starts to topdress 2-3 time from mid-April every year, front twice based on nitrogenous fertilizer, every plant of 0.25-0.5
Kilogram carbamide, for the last time based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, strain applies 0.3-0.6 kilogram;
(7) basal dressing:In late August to October, dig deep 50 centimetres along planting pit periphery or along tree crown upright projection periphery,
Wide 40 centimetres of colyliform dressing furrow basal dressing, the base manure include following percentage by weight raw material:Farm manure 40-45%, cake fertilizer
35-40%, high phosphorus high potassium compound fertilizer 15-25%.
(8) insect pest preventing and controlling:Mid-March, when bud dew is green, 1 time 20% killing 3000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum fat and 40% of full tree sprinkling
800 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent, preventing and treating star caterpillar, Schizaphis spp and scab;When pear flower at the beginning of 4 months is just budding, then spray one time
1000 times of preventing and treating chafers of 1000 times of omethoate and first support and pear tree dry rot;Pears were thanked and spent more than 80% mid-April, sprayed oxygen
Change that 1500 times of liquid of Rogor and 40% carbendazim colloidal suspending agent 800 times of liquid preventing and treating Janus piris, pears are little and pear scab;Afterwards every 12-
15 days theatre spray 3000 times of liquid of cypermethrin again respectively and the children's urine 2000 that goes out extraordinarily mixes 800 times of liquid of Mancozeb or generation is high by 2500
Times liquid, prevents and treats pear scab and oriental fruit months;Period preventing and treating pear sucker should be extraordinarily mixed from avilamycin 2000
52.25% malicious high chloro milk oil complexing agent, while and anti-pears anthrax, brown spot and oriental fruit months;Mid-July melonidum harvests
Afterwards, theatre can spray brassin lactone can 2500 times of solution, plus mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to promote to recover tree vigo(u)r, forms a large amount of buds,
Solid good basis is laid for many result high yield good harvests next year;
(9) bagging:In 15-20 days after pear flower loses, immature melonidum is entangled with double-deck paper bag, need within 1-2 days before bagging spray
The micro- fertile 800 times of liquid of high calcium and the big raw m-451000 times of admixing medical solutions of efficient germicide are spilt, to prevent and treat melonidum nutritional deficiency bitter pit and black
Star disease.
Preferably, stay according to the strong tree of children during step (4) flower thinning, weak tree stays less, stays vigorous branches more, and weak branch is stayed less, outward
Enclose the inflorescence extended on branch to stay less or do not stay and carry out flower thinning;When florescence chance rain or the weather for having Late frost and windburn, should dredge less
Flower, stays flower more.
Preferably, during step (5) fruit thinning, Shu Qu centers fruit leaves side fruit;The fruit extended on end of the branch should stay or not less
Stay.
Preferably, when not thick (6) topdress, spread manuer in holes optimal from seedling 25-30cm.
Preferably, during step (7) basal dressing, the base manure includes following percentage by weight raw material:Farm manure 43%,
Cake fertilizer 37%, high phosphorus high potassium compound fertilizer 20%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Fertilising material before July red pear transplanting of the invention, rationally, instant effect, plant directly can absorb fertilizer formula, full
The nutritional need of sufficient July red pear growth course;Implantation methods convenient management of the present invention, realizes scale industrialization, July red pear
Survival rate is high, and yield is high, and quality is excellent.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.
2nd, a kind of cultural method of July red pear, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation:Flat land is selected, fine to flatten, seeding row spacing is 2 × 3 meters or 2 × 4 meters, planting pit digs 1 meter to be seen
Side.
(2) it is colonized
1 meter of depths pig manure (or other animal dung need to be become thoroughly decomposed), calcium superphosphate mixing impose on bottom, then ripe with native top layer
Soil, fills out, steady and sure when banketing, and seedling is planted in center, left-right and front-back every trade alignment, while banketing, side carries Seedling upwards, makes pears Seedling
Fibrous root stretches, and the depth of planting is less than 3-5 centimetre of ground level as standard with pears Seedling bottom root neck, and pours permeable, and fine earth, heap one are covered in upper strata
Hill is in seedling periphery.
(3) pruning
" July red pear " growth potential golden mean of the Confucian school is slightly strong, and three major branch of base portion is preferably selected in shaping, evacuates layering shape and the vertical shape of elongated spinning,
So easy early high-yield, economic benefit are that the high repayment of early income again is fast." July red pear " polarity is partially strong, and treelet major branch angle difficulty is opened
, easily cause strong up and weak down, the secondary little defect of hat, shaping can be taken:When seedling is transplanted, 5-8 bud is carved, so send out branch i.e. more again
It is prosperous, when branch is sent to 50-80cm, you can sprayed using branch, support branch, other branch (also can be with open-angle device) dual-purpose girdling trunk branch is drawn
Plant growth regulator paclobutrazol one to two time, can form a certain amount of bud then, be that Second Year is yielded positive results and has yield to beat
High yield basis good down.
(4) flower thinning
July red pear " be a mutational variety it belong to self-pollination kind, other pear tree pollination kind (tart flavours need not be configured
Weight Pear varieties should not mixed planting in garden), Ye Ke garden in companion planting ten attractive in appearance in order to increase its single fruit weight and the high stake of melonidum fruit type
/ mono- Nashi Pear kind, such as Dangshan are crisp, red crisp-fried, emerald etc..
According to tree vigo(u)r, artificial flower thinning, should determine that individual plant stays colored amount when alabastrum is separated, general young strong tree to be stayed, and weak tree is less
Stay, stay vigorous branches more, weak branch is stayed less, the inflorescence that periphery extends on branch is stayed less or do not stayed, should dredge during (new cultivation treelet does not apply to) flower thinning
Fall weak inflorescence and young fruit is easily caused injury by friction the inflorescence at place the raw future between branch, dredged the inflorescence spacing for after spending, staying general
Should be in 15-20cm or so, the strong distance of branch can be less, and what branch was weak should should be noted that appropriate, concern Changes in weather more greatly during flower thinning,
When florescence meets rain or has the weather of Late frost and windburn, flower thinning should be lacked, flower is stayed more.
(5) fruit thinning
Disease pest fruit, fruitlet and malformed fruit are first thinning out with handss or pruner, then weak decision are strengthened further according to size and branch and are stayed
Fruit is how many, and " July red pear " general fruit spur of treelet stays 1-2 fruit, vigorous branches stay 2-3 fruit (height connects tree and suitably can stay fruit more).
The fruit extended on end of the branch should stay less or not stay.During (the method treelet beginning fruiting period is not applied to) fruit thinning, Shu Qu centers fruit is answered, side is left
Really.
(6) topdress
July red pear " is early-maturing variety, topdress should observe tree vigo(u)r it is flexible depending on.Treelet starts to topdress from mid-April every year
2-3 time, front twice based on nitrogenous fertilizer, every plant of 0.25-0.5 kilogram of carbamide spreads manuer in holes optimal from seedling 25-30cm, for the last time with
Based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, strain applies 0.3-0.6 kilogram;
(7) basal dressing
Base manure is the pear tree basic fertilizer of 1 year.Late August to October, along planting pit periphery or along tree crown upright projection
Periphery digs deep 50 centimetres, and wide 40 centimetres of colyliform dressing furrow basal dressing, the base manure include following percentage by weight raw material:Farmers'
Fertilizer 43%, cake fertilizer 37%, high phosphorus high potassium compound fertilizer 20%.So could be absorbed by Radix pyri throughout the year, reach high yield good harvest
Purpose.
(8) insect pest preventing and controlling:Mid-March, when bud dew is green, 1 time 20% killing 3000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum fat and 40% of full tree sprinkling
800 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent, preventing and treating star caterpillar, Schizaphis spp and scab;When pear flower at the beginning of 4 months is just budding, then spray one time
1000 times of preventing and treating chafers of 1000 times of omethoate and first support and pear tree dry rot;Pears were thanked and spent more than 80% mid-April, sprayed oxygen
Change that 1500 times of liquid of Rogor and 40% carbendazim colloidal suspending agent 800 times of liquid preventing and treating Janus piris, pears are little and pear scab;Afterwards every 12-
15 days theatre spray 3000 times of liquid of cypermethrin again respectively and the children's urine 2000 that goes out extraordinarily mixes 800 times of liquid of Mancozeb or generation is high by 2500
Times liquid, prevents and treats pear scab and oriental fruit months;Period preventing and treating pear sucker should be extraordinarily mixed from avilamycin 2000
52.25% malicious high chloro milk oil complexing agent, while and anti-pears anthrax, brown spot and oriental fruit months;Mid-July melonidum harvests
Afterwards, theatre can spray brassin lactone can 2500 times of solution, plus mixed potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to promote to recover tree vigo(u)r, forms a large amount of buds,
Solid good basis is laid for many result high yield good harvests next year;
(9) bagging
" July red pear " is all red, such as not bagging from colored young fruit to maturation is lost because of which, and complete after maturation is really aubergine, color
It is color dim unsightly, therefore must bagging production, the melonidum for so being produced can be only achieved that outward appearance Flos Rosae Rugosae is scarlet or piece is red, into height
End fine fruit market.In 15-20 days after pear flower loses, immature melonidum is entangled with double-deck paper bag, need within 1-2 days before bagging sprinkling
The micro- fertile 800 times of liquid of high calcium and the big raw m-451000 times of admixing medical solutions of efficient germicide, to prevent and treat melonidum nutritional deficiency bitter pit and black star
Disease.
It should be noted last that, above specific embodiment only to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted,
Although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be right
Technical scheme is modified or equivalent, and without deviating from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, which is equal
Should cover in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.