CN107371981A - The cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear, comprise the following steps, culturing and planting, growth management, fertilising and irrigation technique, thinning and jacketing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that：（1）Culturing and planting, deep 75 85cm, wide 55 65cm groove are excavated for 3 meters by line-spacing annual 10 December, and table soil and deep soil are split；Spread one layer of 20 30cm tree skill and dogstail or weeds leaf layer in channel bottom, fill out back 20cm deep soils, then by the decomposed Lay of 100 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 100 jin it is withered/mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil, it is standby to backfill 3 5cm soil；Select more than well developed root system interface position diameter 0.7cm, high more than 70cm, and determine cadre position and have the high-quality strong sprout of full bud, by 2 meters of field planting of spacing in the rows, often it is colonized after 3-4 row Cuiguan pears and is colonized a line Miao Jinli or Huanghua Pear or delicate fragrance pears, field planting depth is 30 40cm, inserts topsoil during field planting, root water is poured by every plant of 56 jin of water again, then paving presses one 40 × 40cm black mulch film around tree.

Description

The cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultural method of a planting fruit-trees, the cultivating superior high-yield method of especially a kind of Cuiguan pear.

Background technology

It is well known that Cuiguan pear is thin with its pericarp, core is small, and pulp white, fine and tender taste, juice is more, sweet, soluble Solid content 12%~13% and liked by orchard worker and consumer.The adaptable wide, strong stress resistance of Cuiguan pear, quality are excellent Good, morning in maturity period, high yield characteristic are good, but existing Cuiguan pear cultural method production cost is higher, and dose requires higher, has The saying of jin fruit jin fertilizer.In addition using the cultivation of cave hole, easily impregnated for a long time by water in rainwater more regions, have a strong impact on its life It is long, cause fruit matter to decline, commodity is bad, and yield is not also high, and economic benefit is not high, has a strong impact on its popularization.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear, The purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposals：A kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear, comprises the following steps, Culturing and planting, growth management, fertilising and irrigation technique, thinning and jacketing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that：（1）Culturing and planting, Deep 75-85cm, wide 55-65cm groove are excavated by line-spacing for 3 meters, and table soil and deep soil are split in annual 10-12 months； Channel bottom spreads one layer of 20-30cm tree skill and dogstail or weeds leaf layer, fills out back 20cm deep soils, then by 100 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 100 The decomposed Lay of jin is withered/and mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and backfill 3-5cm soil is standby；More than well developed root system interface position diameter 0.7cm is selected, it is high More than 70cm, and determine cadre position and have the high-quality strong sprout of full bud, by 2 meters of field planting of spacing in the rows, it is colonized after being often colonized 3-4 row Cuiguan pears A line Miao Jinli or Huanghua Pear or delicate fragrance pears, field planting depth are 30-40cm, insert topsoil during field planting, then by every plant of 5-6 jin water Root water is poured, then paving presses one 40 × 40cm black mulch film around tree；（2）Growing season management, pruning use dereliction Dry happy shape trimming, 1. does, should leave 3-5 full buds, heading height 40- when surely dry under clip surely after treelet field planting 50cm, it is fixed dry after the First Year winter select and remain three major branches, respectively into 120 degree between three major branches, the branch of excessive growth of pumping then, the long 120- of branch During 150cm, pulled open by 45 degree of angles with method for drawing branches, 2. bearing tree, bearing tree pruning method has cutting back, dredges the tip；Soil Manage, childhood theatre fruit tree row interplant pulse family and vegetables, carrying out intertillage around tree disk is digged, and summer and autumn is loosened the soil or covered Lid；Orchard winter should deep plough and dig, and expand cave year by year, reduce pest and disease damage；（3）Fertilising, watering, apply bottom late February to the first ten-day period of the March Fertilizer, every plant of pear tree is by the decomposed Lay seed oil cake of 1-2 jin and 1-2 jin fruit trees composite fertilizer, the first tenday period of a month in April to fruit bagging late April Afterwards, applied fertilizer by every plant of 1-2 jin fruit trees composite fertilizer, late July to mid-August, pear has been plucked by every plant of pear tree 1-2 jin Fruit tree composite fertilizer is applied fertilizer, and must pour a water after fertilising every time；（4）Thinning and jacketing, twice, just dredge for the first time, Thank spend after 20 days, when big fruitlet is clearly demarcated, select the young fruit that 3-4 is saved on inflorescence；Second multiple thin, in the first tenday period of a month in May, is stayed per inflorescence Two fruits, bagging is immediately begun to after terminating at a distance of 25-30cm, fruit thinning between inflorescence；（5）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is normal by plough tree pest and disease damage Rule method is prevented and treated.

The present invention spreads 20-30cm branch and grass by digging groove and in channel bottom, be advantageous to rainwater it is more when can be fast Speed discharges unnecessary water, avoids tree root from being flooded stain for a long time, easily rots, and is unfavorable for fruit tree fast-growth, and in rainwater deficiency When be beneficial to moisturizing.The present invention uses science split application, both greatly reduces fertilizer amount, and and can ensures timely when fruit tree needs fertile obtain To supplement, the production cost of pear is reduced.The quality and yield for having levied pear are protected simultaneously, through testing for many years, pear fruit type is near Circle, single fruit focus on more than 260 grams, and maximum single fruit weight is up to 450 grams, and nearly per mu yield in 3 years is up to 4000 jin.Product oneself find a good sale in Beijing, on The big city , Longitude Ji benefits such as extra large wide by thirty, Shenzhen quickly increase.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1, a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear, comprises the following steps, culturing and planting, growth management, Fertilising and irrigation technique, thinning and jacketing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that：1st, culturing and planting, in annual 10-12 months by row Deep 75-85cm, wide 55-65cm groove are excavated away from 3 meters, groove is connected with gutter, and table soil and deep soil are split；In ditch Trench bottom spreads one layer of 20-30cm tree skill and dogstail or weeds leaf layer, fills out back 20cm deep soils, then by 100 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 100 jin Decomposed Lay is withered/and mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and backfill 3-5cm soil is standby；More than well developed root system interface position diameter 0.7cm is selected, it is high More than 70cm, and determine cadre position and have the high-quality strong sprout of full bud, by 2 meters of field planting of spacing in the rows, after being often colonized 3-4 strain Cuiguan pears, field planting A line golden pear or Huanghua Pear or delicate fragrance pears, field planting depth are 30-40cm, insert topsoil during field planting, then by every plant of 5-6 jin water Root water is poured, then paving presses one 40 × 40cm black mulch film around tree.2nd, growing season management, (1) pruning " kingfisher hat Pears " can be used without the trimming of trunk happy shape, and pruning can be divided into the winter and cut and be nursed with summer, and wherein treelet has not again with bearing tree Together；1. being done surely after treelet field planting, 3-5 full buds should be left when surely dry under clip, heading height 40-50cm, it is fixed it is dry after the 1 year winter selected and remain three major branches, made thirdly respectively into 120 degree between major branch, to the branch of excessive growth of pumping then, during the long 120-150cm of branch, pressed 45 degree of angles are pulled open with method for drawing branches, have both improved tree body illumination, relax tree vigo(u)r, favourable flower_bud formation again.2. bearing tree, into Tree-pruning method had cutting back, dredged the tip year, and the winter is wiped out outside the appropriate cutting back of three scaffold limbs, and appropriate use leaves bud more, remaining big portion Branch is long to be put using drawing for point neutral gear part, dredges that the tip is general all to be carried out in growth period, is mainly removed back vertical branch, descending branch, is worn thorax Branch.（2）Soil management childhood theatre, fruit tree can in the ranks interplant pulse family and vegetables, and carrying out intertillage around tree disk digs, and summer and autumn enters Row is loosened the soil or covered；Bearing orchard ploughs clearly leisure, roots out weeds, improved soil physicochemical property, and orchard winter should deep plough and dig, by Year expands cave, can promote root growth, reduces pest and disease damage.3rd, apply fertilizer, water, apply fertilizer to the subsoil late February to the first ten-day period of the March, every plant of pears Tree is by the decomposed Lay seed oil cake of 1-2 jin and 1-2 jin fruit trees composite fertilizer, after the first tenday period of a month in April to late April fruit bagging, by every plant 1-2 jin fruit trees composite fertilizer is applied fertilizer, late July to mid-August, and pear has been plucked compound by every plant of pear tree 1-2 jin fruit tree Fertilizer is applied fertilizer, autumn basal dressing be advantageous to root system wound recover and new root, absorb part fertilizer after can also it is antifreeze and in advance Rudiment.Every time a water must be poured after fertilising.4th, thinning and jacketing, fruit thinning are easily suitably done sth. in advance, and preferably carry out twice, just for the first time Dredge, thank spend after 20 days, when big fruitlet is clearly demarcated, pays attention to selecting the young fruit of 3-4 sections on inflorescence；Second is multiple thin, in the first tenday period of a month in May, original Then go up and two fruits are stayed per inflorescence, bagging is immediately begun to after terminating at a distance of 25-30cm, fruit thinning between inflorescence.5th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, rudiment Before need to spray 3~5 degree of lime sulfurs, it is mixed that rudiment kills 2500 times of chrysanthemum fat to before blooming with 10% time net pulvis 1000 extraordinarily 15% Conjunction sprays, the insect such as preventing and treating pears aphid, and it is raw greatly to spray 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1500 extraordinarily 80% before Xie Huahou to young fruit bagging The extraordinarily 10% 1 time net pulvis 1000 of pulvis 1000 carries out mixing and sprayed again, interval 7~10 days twice in succession, to control rust, black The disease pest effects such as star disease, aphid, pear sucker are preferable, fruit expanding period 6000 times of 40% Du Pont's lucky star of spray, or 40% big by raw 1000 Times, or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate, add 15% 2500 times of killing chrysanthemum fat, add 1000 times of 90% DDVP, add 15% pyridaben missible oil 1500 times, per 7-10 days, spray was once, continuous 2-3 times, and 2~3 preventing and treatings are carried out with above-mentioned agricultural chemicals to before falling leaves after fruit harvesting.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear, comprises the following steps, culturing and planting, growth management, apply fertilizer and pour water Technology, thinning and jacketing and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that：（1）Culturing and planting, in annual 10-12 months by 3 meters of excavations of line-spacing Deep 75-85cm, wide 55-65cm groove, and table soil and deep soil are split；One layer of 20-30cm tree skill is spread in channel bottom With dogstail or weeds leaf layer, fill out back 20cm deep soils, then by the decomposed Lay of 100 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 100 jin it is withered/mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil, return It is standby to fill out 3-5cm soil；More than well developed root system interface position diameter 0.7cm, high more than 70cm are selected, and determine cadre position to have full bud High-quality strong sprout, by the field planting of 2 meters of spacing in the rows, a line Miao Jinli or Huanghua Pear or delicate fragrance pears are colonized after being often colonized 3-4 row Cuiguan pears, Field planting depth is 30-40cm, inserts topsoil during field planting, then pours root water by every plant of 5-6 jin water, and then paving presses one around tree 40 × 40cm black mulch film；（2）Growing season management, pruning is used without the happy shape trimming of trunk, 1. fixed after treelet field planting To do, 3-5 full buds, heading height 40-50cm should be left when surely dry under clip, the fixed dry rear First Year winter selects and remain three major branches, Respectively into 120 degree between three major branches, the branch of excessive growth of pumping then, during the long 120-150cm of branch, drawn by 45 degree of angles with method for drawing branches Open, 2. bearing tree, bearing tree pruning method has cutting back, dredges the tip；Soil management, childhood theatre fruit tree row interplant pulse family and vegetable Dish, set and carry out intertillage around disk and dig, summer and autumn is loosened the soil or covered；Orchard winter should deep plough and dig, and expand cave year by year；（3） Fertilising, watering, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, every plant of pear tree is answered by the decomposed Lay seed oil cake of 1-2 jin and 1-2 jin fruit trees late February to the first ten-day period of the March Hefei, after the first tenday period of a month in April to late April fruit bagging, applied fertilizer by every plant of 1-2 jin fruit trees composite fertilizer, late July to eight In the middle of the month, pear has been plucked to be applied fertilizer by every plant of pear tree 1-2 jin fruit trees composite fertilizer, must pour a water after fertilising every time； （4）Thinning and jacketing, twice, just dredge for the first time, thank spend after 20 days, when big fruitlet is clearly demarcated, select the children that 3-4 is saved on inflorescence Fruit；Second multiple thin, in the first tenday period of a month in May, two fruits is stayed per inflorescence, are immediately begun between inflorescence at a distance of 25-30cm, fruit thinning after terminating Bagging；（5）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, by plough tree pest and disease damage conventional method preventing and treating.