CN104718993A - 一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法 - Google Patents
一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718993A CN104718993A CN201510148100.3A CN201510148100A CN104718993A CN 104718993 A CN104718993 A CN 104718993A CN 201510148100 A CN201510148100 A CN 201510148100A CN 104718993 A CN104718993 A CN 104718993A
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- Prior art keywords
- inoculation
- bean dregs
- edible
- raw
- bacterial classification
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，包括以下步骤：原料处理、母种培养、原种培养、灭菌处理、接种、培养、液化。本发明有效解决了其他固体培养基生物量不足和无法达到无残渣的目的，有培养时间短、菌丝生长同步性强，菌料疏松空隙多容纳菌丝片量大的优势。本项目投资省钱省地方，设备相对简单，培养室节约几十倍，能效比特别明显。对比液态发酵形的液体菌种设备投资减少90％以上，稳定性强，能耗也减少80％以上。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于菌种接种技术领域，具体涉及一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法。
背景技术
[0002]目前的食用菌菌种生产主要采用传统固体菌种、韩国系发酵液体菌种和固体液化菌种三种方法:传统固体菌种原料、人工、电费等生产成本高，且成品率低，较难满足国内现今日益扩大的食用菌产能需求的问题；韩国传统发酵液体菌种发酵罐、发酵培养基灭菌锅、压缩空气除水和无菌化处理设备、液体接种机等设备成本昂贵(目前设备方面需上百万元的费用)，且操作过程对人员和空间洁净度等级要求高，技术复杂，容易发生大批量污染事故，接种机喷嘴容易被菌种和杂物堵塞，需用手指处理故障，容易发生二次污染；固体液化菌种残渣多，容易堵塞接种喷嘴；菌丝只生长在培养基表面，菌丝量不足，扩大倍数少，液化时需大大增加菌种量，重复操作次数多，容易发生二次污染。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的是提供一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，解决了现有技术中存在的其他固体培养基生物量不足和无法达到无残渣的问题。
[0004] 本发明所采用的技术方案是，一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，具体按照以下步骤实施:
[0005] I)、原料处理:新鲜豆渣去除水分，即时使用或冷冻保存，除水后豆渣加入I %碳酸氢钙，根据不同食药用菌生物学特性调整适宜PH值，充分搅拌直至成为具有疏松性很强的海绵体状培养基；
[0006] 2)、灭菌:将填装完毕密封好的培养基进行灭菌，灭菌完成后冷却至26°C以下进行无菌接种；
[0007] 3)接种:在无菌条件下接入菌种后努力把培养基和菌种块摇匀，以缩短培养时间；
[0008] 4)、培养:根据不同食药用菌生物学特性适温培养，10天长满菌丝；
[0009] 5)、液化:挑出3天前长满菌丝的菌种，按无菌操作把所需要的菌种放进搅拌杯，加入事先准备的冷却后的无菌水，200克菌种加至少600毫升无菌水，然后间断的搅拌，每次搅拌5-10秒钟，停5-10秒钟，间断搅拌，避免无菌水温度超过28°C，重复开关10次，得到液态菌种，再将处理得到的液态菌种进行扩大培养；用液体接种机将扩大培养的液态菌种到预先制好的菌包或菌瓶，然后将接种后的菌包或菌瓶移入培养室进行培养。
[0010] 本发明的特点还在于，
[0011] 在进行母种接种时，对步骤I)中的培养基作如下处理:将海绵体状培养基装入试管轻轻摇动至三分之一，用一根8毫米的扁铁条把培养料压成斜面，有利于接种时把菌种接到中间，获得菌丝能最快长满；在进行原种接种时，对步骤I)中的培养基作如下处理:采用三角烧瓶、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒或塑料袋透明度好的容器，最佳填料量是三分之一瓶，聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒或塑料袋可以装至三分之二处。
[0012] 步骤I)中新鲜豆渣去除水分至70% -80%。
[0013] 步骤2)中培养基的灭菌条件为121 °C 60min。
[0014] 步骤5)中菌种扩大培养的扩大倍数具体为:平菇、秀珍菇、大杯蕈按固体菌种兑水600-1000倍；杏鲍菇、金针菇按固体菌种兑水300-700倍；桑黄、云芝按固体菌种兑水扩大至400-800倍。
[0015] 本发明的有益效果是:1、本发明有效解决了其他固体培养基生物量不足和无法达到无残渣的目的，有培养时间短、菌丝生长同步性强，菌料疏松空隙多容纳菌丝片量大的优势。2、本项目投资省钱省地方，设备相对简单，培养室节约几十倍，能效比特别明显。3、对比液态发酵形的液体菌种设备投资减少90%以上，稳定性强，能耗也减少80%以上。
具体实施方式
[0016] 下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
[0017] 实施例1
[0018] 一种以豆渣为原料的平菇液化接种方法，具体按照以下步骤实施:新鲜豆渣去除水分至70% -80%，即时使用或冷冻保存。除水后豆渣加入1%碳酸氢钙，根据不同食药用菌生物学特性调整适宜PH值，充分搅拌直至成为具有疏松性很强的海绵体状培养基，其中，母种接种:将海绵体状培养基装入试管轻轻摇动至三分之一，用一根8毫米左右的扁铁条把培养料压成斜面，有利于接种时把菌种接到中间，获得菌丝能最快长满；原种接种:采用三角烧瓶、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)塑料盒、塑料袋等透明度好的容器，最佳填料量是三分之一瓶。聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒、塑料袋可以装至三分之二处。将填装完毕密封好的培养基按121°C 60分钟进行灭菌，灭菌完成后冷却至26°C以下进行无菌接种。在无菌条件下接入适量菌种后努力把培养基和菌种块摇匀，以缩短培养时间；根据不同食药用菌生物学特性适温培养，一般10天左右长满菌丝；准备好一台热粥搅拌机，(搅拌容器可进行121°C高温灭菌)，使用之前把搅拌杯、杯盖洗干净，装进聚丙烯塑料袋把袋口绑紧，放入杀菌锅进行121°C 30分钟灭菌，灭菌完拿到超净工作台冷却备用。挑出3天前长满菌丝的菌种，按无菌操作把所需要的菌种按比例放进搅拌杯，加入事先准备的冷却后的无菌水，一般200克菌种加至少600毫升无菌水，然后间断的搅拌，每次5-10秒钟，停5-10秒钟，不能连续时间搅拌，避免无菌水温度超过28°C，重复开关10次。平菇按固体菌种兑水600-1000倍；用液体接种机将扩大培养的液态菌种到预先制好的菌包或菌瓶，然后将接种后的菌包或菌瓶移入培养室进行培养。此菌种因为生物量比较大在这些倍数的接种都能达到很好的效果。
[0019] 实施例2
[0020] 一种以豆渣为原料的金针菇液化接种方法，具体按照以下步骤实施:新鲜豆渣去除水分至70% -80%，即时使用或冷冻保存。除水后豆渣加入1%碳酸氢钙，根据不同食药用菌生物学特性调整适宜PH值，充分搅拌直至成为具有疏松性很强的海绵体状培养基，其中，母种接种:将海绵体状培养基装入试管轻轻摇动至三分之一，用一根8毫米左右的扁铁条把培养料压成斜面，有利于接种时把菌种接到中间，获得菌丝能最快长满；原种接种:采用三角烧瓶、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)塑料盒、塑料袋等透明度好的容器，最佳填料量是三分之一瓶。聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒、塑料袋可以装至三分之二处。将填装完毕密封好的培养基按121°c 60分钟进行灭菌，灭菌完成后冷却至26°C以下进行无菌接种。在无菌条件下接入适量菌种后努力把培养基和菌种块摇匀，以缩短培养时间；根据不同食药用菌生物学特性适温培养，一般10天左右长满菌丝；准备好一台热粥搅拌机，(搅拌容器可进行121°C高温灭菌)，使用之前把搅拌杯、杯盖洗干净，装进聚丙烯塑料袋把袋口绑紧，放入杀菌锅进行121°C 30分钟灭菌，灭菌完拿到超净工作台冷却备用。挑出3天前长满菌丝的菌种，按无菌操作把所需要的菌种按比例放进搅拌杯，加入事先准备的冷却后的无菌水，一般200克菌种加至少600毫升无菌水，然后间断的搅拌，每次5-10秒钟，停5-10秒钟，不能连续时间搅拌，避免无菌水温度超过28°C，重复开关10次。金针菇按固体菌种兑水300-700倍；用液体接种机将扩大培养的液态菌种到预先制好的菌包或菌瓶，然后将接种后的菌包或菌瓶移入培养室进行培养。此菌种因为生物量比较大在这些倍数的接种都能达到很好的效果。
[0021] 实施例3
[0022] 一种以豆渣为原料的桑黄液化接种方法，具体按照以下步骤实施:新鲜豆渣去除水分至70% -80%，即时使用或冷冻保存。除水后豆渣加入1%碳酸氢钙，根据不同食药用菌生物学特性调整适宜PH值，充分搅拌直至成为具有疏松性很强的海绵体状培养基，其中，母种接种:将海绵体状培养基装入试管轻轻摇动至三分之一，用一根8毫米左右的扁铁条把培养料压成斜面，有利于接种时把菌种接到中间，获得菌丝能最快长满；原种接种:采用三角烧瓶、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)塑料盒、塑料袋等透明度好的容器，最佳填料量是三分之一瓶。聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒、塑料袋可以装至三分之二处。将填装完毕密封好的培养基按121°C 60分钟进行灭菌，灭菌完成后冷却至26°C以下进行无菌接种。在无菌条件下接入适量菌种后努力把培养基和菌种块摇匀，以缩短培养时间；根据不同食药用菌生物学特性适温培养，一般10天左右长满菌丝；准备好一台热粥搅拌机，(搅拌容器可进行121°C高温灭菌)，使用之前把搅拌杯、杯盖洗干净，装进聚丙烯塑料袋把袋口绑紧，放入杀菌锅进行121°C 30分钟灭菌，灭菌完拿到超净工作台冷却备用。挑出3天前长满菌丝的菌种，按无菌操作把所需要的菌种按比例放进搅拌杯，加入事先准备的冷却后的无菌水，一般200克菌种加至少600毫升无菌水，然后间断的搅拌，每次5-10秒钟，停5-10秒钟，不能连续时间搅拌，避免无菌水温度超过28°C，重复开关10次。桑黄按固体菌种兑水扩大至400-800倍；用液体接种机将扩大培养的液态菌种到预先制好的菌包或菌瓶，然后将接种后的菌包或菌瓶移入培养室进行培养。此菌种因为生物量比较大在这些倍数的接种都能达到很好的效果。
Claims (5)
1.一种以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，其特征在于，具体按照以下步骤实施: 1)、原料处理:新鲜豆渣去除水分，即时使用或冷冻保存，除水后豆渣加入I %碳酸氢钙，根据不同食药用菌生物学特性调整适宜PH值，充分搅拌直至成为具有疏松性很强的海绵体状培养基； 2)、灭菌:将填装完毕密封好的培养基进行灭菌，灭菌完成后冷却至26°C以下进行无菌接种； 3)接种:在无菌条件下接入菌种后努力把培养基和菌种块摇匀，以缩短培养时间； 4)、培养:根据不同食药用菌生物学特性适温培养，10天长满菌丝； 5)、液化:挑出3天前长满菌丝的菌种，按无菌操作把所需要的菌种放进搅拌杯，加入事先准备的冷却后的无菌水，200克菌种加至少600毫升无菌水，然后间断的搅拌，每次搅拌5-10秒钟，停5-10秒钟，间断搅拌，避免无菌水温度超过28°C，重复开关10次，得到液态菌种，再将处理得到的液态菌种进行扩大培养；用液体接种机将扩大培养的液态菌种到预先制好的菌包或菌瓶，然后将接种后的菌包或菌瓶移入培养室进行培养。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，其特征在于，在进行母种接种时，对步骤I)中的培养基作如下处理:将海绵体状培养基装入试管轻轻摇动至三分之一，用一根8毫米的扁铁条把培养料压成斜面，有利于接种时把菌种接到中间，获得菌丝能最快长满；在进行原种接种时，对步骤I)中的培养基作如下处理:采用三角烧瓶、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒或塑料袋透明度好的容器，最佳填料量是三分之一瓶，聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯塑料盒或塑料袋可以装至三分之二处。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，其特征在于，所述步骤I)中新鲜豆渣去除水分至70% -80%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中培养基的灭菌条件为121°C 60min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的以豆渣为原料的食药用菌液化接种方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5)中菌种扩大培养的扩大倍数具体为:平菇、秀珍菇、大杯蕈按固体菌种兑水600-1000倍；杏鲍菇、金针菇按固体菌种兑水300-700倍；桑黄、云芝按固体菌种兑水扩大至 400-800 倍。
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