CN104641903B - The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae - Google Patents

The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae Download PDF

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CN104641903B
CN104641903B CN201510064296.8A CN201510064296A CN104641903B CN 104641903 B CN104641903 B CN 104641903B CN 201510064296 A CN201510064296 A CN 201510064296A CN 104641903 B CN104641903 B CN 104641903B
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soil
seedling
resina ferulae
medicinal plants
resina
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CN104641903A (en
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朱军
李晓瑾
凯撒·苏来曼
王果平
阿依别克·热河木都拉
樊从照
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Xinjing Vygur Autonomous Region Chinese Medicine And Ethnic Medicine Research In
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Abstract

A kind of method that the invention discloses artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae; mainly comprise nursery, transplant and transplant after manage process; in terms of base selection, nursery, transplanting method, field management etc., systematically establish one be suitable to the tame technical method of Resina Ferulae; can be to realize Resina Ferulae artificial standardized cultivation construction of base to provide technical support; to protection Xinjiang Wild medicinal Resina Ferulae plant resources, the medicine source developing offer sustainable use for Chinese medicine and ethnic minority traditional medicine is significant.

Description

The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae.
Background technology
The perennial ephemeroid in early spring of disposably blooming of Resina Ferulae system Umbelliferae Ferula, the resin with special Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii sample stink secreted in scape has the highest medical value.
As medical material, with the incoming Central Plains of the silk road, record in Tang Materia Medica, include for history tree afterwards, one of multi-national common drug among the people such as Ye Shi China ties up, covers, Tibetan.Going through edition Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and recording " Resina Ferulae " plant-origin is Ferula sinkiangensisK.M.Shen (Ferula Sinkiangensis K.M. Shen) or Ferula fukanensis K.M.Shen (Ferula fukanensis K.M. Shen), only it being distributed in Some Regions, Xinjiang, resource distribution is very limited.
In recent years owing to opening up wasteland, immoderate excavating and the transition of weather; Xinjiang Wild Resina Ferulae resource area drastically atrophy, is in Critical Condition, in " the Conservation of resource management rules " that State Council issues; it is listed in second class protection natural crude drugs species, is Xinjiang peculiar rare medicinal plant resource.Therefore, carrying out artificial culture, protection Xinjiang Wild Resina Ferulae resource is extremely urgent.
Ferula plant blossoms and bears fruit once in general 5~8 years, and with seminal propagation, under natural conditions, seed germination rate, less than 10%, adds the adverse circumstances such as summer is hot, arid, and breeding potential is extremely low.
Therefore; a kind of to protect Xinjiang Wild medicinal Resina Ferulae plant resources; for the purpose of the medicine source of offer sustainable use is provided for Chinese medicine and ethnic minority traditional medicine, it is achieved standardization, the Resina Ferulae artificial culture of large-scale artificial cultivation Resina Ferulae plant, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one and be suitable to the tame technical method of Resina Ferulae; to realize the tame standardization of Resina Ferulae and scale; and then realize protection Xinjiang Wild medicinal Resina Ferulae plant resources, developing for Chinese medicine and ethnic minority traditional medicine provides the medicine source of sustainable use.
The purpose of the present invention is mainly realized by following technical process: mainly comprises nursery, transplant and management process.
The selection in base and whole
Selecting at Corpping in North Xinjiang height above sea level 700~the desert of 1100 meters or half-desert location, P in soil H-number 7.0~8.5, ground line gradient 5~the tailo of 15 ° or half Schattenseite, the plot of level of ground water≤5 meter is as milpa.
Cultivation is as follows
Nursery:Using husky earth or loam as the farming ground of nursery, preferably Corpping in North Xinjiang or ground, rural area.
Nursery prepares: nursery is carried out wholely before first arrival in October ground freezing: depth of turning soil >=25cm, rake, harrow broken, make the diameter of soil pellet≤0.3cm of more than 70%.
Making seedbed:Nursery is organized into wide 2~3m, the furrow of long 4~6m, preferably along longitudinally staying one wide 30~50cm between two furrow, deep 10~the gutter of 20cm, relative moisture of the soil is maintained at water content 40~60% and is advisable.
Seed requires:Select ripe, without of non-hibernating eggs then of pest and disease damage as sowing material.
Sowing:After nursery is ready to complete, i.e. sowing, drilling, line-spacing 30~35cm, every mu of sowing quantity 2.5~3kg, after planting cover with thin sand and soil or sandy soil, thickness is less than 1cm.Suitably suppressing after broadcasting and be advisable, relative moisture of the soil is preferably between 40~60%.
Seedling management
Break ground and put Seedling:After ice dissolution in spring, temperature 4~when 10 DEG C, observe planted in fall seed germination situation in time.Owing to wind in spring is many, the temperature temperature difference is relatively big, easily causes soil compaction, cause Resina Ferulae seedling top soil difficulty, break ground in time after discovery, discharge Resina Ferulae seedling: when seedling starts to push up soil, harrow pine table soil with creeper (gardens use) lightly, the duricrust hardened is made to crush, that never harrows is the deepest, causes seedling to damage, or rolls the method rolled with gravelstone, roll along sowing direction, crush and be pressed in the soil cursting that hardens above seedling.
Shallow plowing is hoed up weeds:When seedling is existing, suitable soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil of ploughing shallowly, increase the gas permeability of soil, in addition, inter-row weed can also be prevented and treated grow thickly, it is to avoid with seedling competition fertilizer, water, illumination etc., the beneficially growth of Resina Ferulae seedling, emerging and the most typically plough shallowly 1~2 time, next year needs according to growth of seedling and the intertillage of weeds situation is advisable for 2~3 times.
Above-mentioned shallow plowing pine soil depth is advisable with 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is advisable with 5~15cm.
Keep soil moisture: Resina Ferulae is drought-enduring, typically utilize snowmelt runoff in spring can complete growth needs in early spring, if chance dry year, can be according to seedling growth and weather conditions, suitably water, keep growth of seedling animated period relative moisture of the soil scope 40~75%, Later growth relative moisture of the soil scope 30~75%.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Resina Ferulae Seedling Stage pest and disease damage is relatively fewer, but meets rainy weather or soil moisture content is too high, can cause root rot, and therefore, the rainwater more time, it should be noted that draining in time, keeps loosing soil to breathe freely.When finding diseased plant, extract in time, and spray 500~800 times of 50% carbendazim, sterilization.Sprayed once every 7 days when disease is serious, spray 2~3 times continuously.
Return seedling management:Resina Ferulae seedling First Year is at the mid-May to mid-June of Hui Miao successively, and aerial parts is withered, and root enters resting state, next year green sprouting;This stage is small and weak due to Resina Ferulae seedling, and root system is undeveloped, and the solid fertile ability of water conservation is more weak, it should be noted that controlling weeds and holding nursery soil moisture, excessively arid and hot season, suitably waters, keeps more than 10cm relative moisture of the soil scope between 20~60%.
Transplant:Resina Ferulae seed growth of seedling is transplanted to Second Year, selects within the 2nd year, transplant after Hui Miao, and preferably late July to mid-August transplants, and now transplants, and Resina Ferulae has been enter into rest period, and transplanting survival rate is higher, and concrete operations are as follows:
Lifting:Preferably fill the most permeable in nursery before lifting, the lifting when soil moisture is 60~70%: vertically dig 20cm with spade in the ranks, rout up gently, it is careful not to hinder Seedling, keeps the integrity of seedling;Along digging out the most successively, pick out seedling, remove the body earth that digs up the roots.
Sieve Seedling:Selecting main root to be about 12~20cm, root thick 0.8~1.5cm, without pest and disease damage, undamaged seedling as cultivation Seedling.
Plant:Late July, to mid-August, embarks on journey or mixed scattered dibbling, keeps strain spacing 60~100cm, dig cave deep 18~25cm.During transplanting, it is suspended from center, cave with portable firmly Resina Ferulae seedling, when banketing to 23 position, cave, gently carries seedling, continue to fill and lead up, keep soil not have Resina Ferulae seedling root head germination point 1~2cm, tread, water immediately after transplanting and determine root water, preferably with modes such as sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations, irrigate.
Management after transplanting is as follows:
Water:Preferably with modes such as sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations.Transplanting then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time, prevents the excessive dehydration of Resina Ferulae seedling dead.
Next year and later the most suitably can watering 1~2 time according to Resina Ferulae growing way and weather conditions, hot-dry season, suitably increase irrigation times, keep more than 20cm soil relative water content scope 20~60%.
Draining:Resina Ferulae is afraid of flood, the season of growth, if meeting the rainwater more time, should be noted timely draining.
Hoe up weeds:Resina Ferulae growth of seedling early stage, plant is little, growing way is more weak, and the weeds that growing way is vigorous or plant is tall and big should be pulled out in time.After growing 3~4 years, Resina Ferulae is Early-spring plant, growth advantage, is typically not required to weeding.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Resina Ferulae is the most disease-free for vegetative growth phase, typically without protection especially.
Compared with prior art; the present invention systematically establishes one in terms of base selection, nursery, transplanting method, field management etc. and is suitable to the tame technical method of Resina Ferulae; can be to realize Resina Ferulae artificial standardized cultivation construction of base to provide technical support; to protection Xinjiang Wild medicinal Resina Ferulae plant resources, the medicine source developing offer sustainable use for Chinese medicine and ethnic minority traditional medicine is significant.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 :Selecting at Corpping in North Xinjiang height above sea level 700~the desert of 1100 meters or half-desert location, P in soil H-number 7.0~8.5, ground line gradient 5~the tailo of 15 ° or half Schattenseite, the plot of level of ground water≤5 meter is as milpa.
Using husky earth or loam as nursery, preferably Corpping in North Xinjiang farming ground or rural area ground, nursery was carried out wholely before first arrival in October ground freezing: depth of turning soil >=25cm, rake, harrow broken, make the diameter of soil pellet≤0.3cm of more than 70%, nursery is organized into wide 2~3m, the furrow of long 4~6m, preferably along longitudinally staying one wide 30~50cm between two furrow, deep 10~the gutter of 20cm, relative moisture of the soil is maintained at water content 40~60% and is advisable.
After nursery is ready to complete, selecting of non-hibernating eggs then ripe, without pest and disease damage, drilling, line-spacing 30~35cm, every mu of sowing quantity 2.5~3kg, after planting cover with thin sand and soil or sandy soil, thickness is less than 1cm.Suitably suppressing after broadcasting and be advisable, relative moisture of the soil is preferably between 40~60%.
After ice dissolution in spring, temperature 4~when 10 DEG C, observe planted in fall seed germination situation in time.As soil compaction occurs, cause Resina Ferulae seedling top soil difficulty, break ground in time, discharge Resina Ferulae seedling: when seedling starts to push up soil, pine table soil is harrowed lightly with (using in the gardening of gardens) creeper, making the duricrust hardened crush, that never harrows is the deepest, and 1~2cm, seedling is caused to damage, or roll the method rolled with gravelstone, roll along sowing direction, crush and be pressed in the soil cursting that hardens above seedling.
When seedling is existing, suitable soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil of ploughing shallowly, increase the gas permeability of soil, the degree of depth is advisable with 5~10cm, further, it is also possible to preventing and treating inter-row weed, avoid and seedling competition fertilizer, water, illumination etc., being conducive to the growth of Resina Ferulae seedling, the most typically shallow plowing 1~2 time of emerging, next year needs according to growth of seedling and the intertillage of weeds situation is advisable for 2~3 times.
Keep soil moisture: Resina Ferulae is drought-enduring, typically utilize snowmelt runoff in spring can complete growth needs in early spring, if chance dry year, can be according to seedling growth and weather conditions, suitably water, keep growth of seedling animated period relative moisture of the soil scope 40~75%, Later growth relative moisture of the soil scope 30~75%.
Resina Ferulae Seedling Stage pest and disease damage is relatively fewer, but meets rainy weather or soil moisture content is too high, can cause root rot, and therefore, the rainwater more time, it should be noted that draining in time, keeps loosing soil to breathe freely.When finding diseased plant, extract in time, and spray 500~800 times of 50% carbendazim, sterilization.Sprayed once every 7 days when disease is serious, spray 2~3 times continuously.
Resina Ferulae seedling First Year is at the mid-May to mid-June of Hui Miao successively, and aerial parts is withered, and root enters resting state, next year green sprouting;This stage is small and weak due to Resina Ferulae seedling, and root system is undeveloped, and the solid fertile ability of water conservation is more weak, it should be noted that controlling weeds and holding nursery soil moisture, excessively arid and hot season, suitably waters, keeps more than 10cm relative moisture of the soil scope between 20~60%.
Resina Ferulae seed growth of seedling is transplanted to Second Year, selects within the 2nd year, transplant after Hui Miao, and preferably late July to mid-August transplants, and now transplants, and Resina Ferulae has been enter into rest period, and transplanting survival rate is higher.
Preferably fill the most permeable in nursery before lifting, the lifting when soil moisture is 60~70%: vertically dig 20cm with spade in the ranks, rout up gently, it is careful not to hinder Seedling, keeps the integrity of seedling;Along digging out the most successively, pick out seedling, remove the body earth that digs up the roots.
Selecting main root to be about 12~20cm, root thick 0.8~1.5cm, without pest and disease damage, undamaged seedling as cultivation Seedling.
Late July, to mid-August, embarks on journey or mixed scattered dibbling, keeps strain spacing 60~100cm, dig cave deep 18~25cm.During transplanting, it is suspended from center, cave with portable firmly Resina Ferulae seedling, when banketing to 23 position, cave, gently carries seedling, continue to fill and lead up, keep soil not have Resina Ferulae seedling root head germination point 1~2cm, tread, water immediately after transplanting and determine root water, preferably with modes such as sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations, irrigate.
Preferably with modes such as sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations.Transplanting then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time, prevents the excessive dehydration of Resina Ferulae seedling dead.
Next year and later the most suitably can watering 1~2 time according to Resina Ferulae growing way and weather conditions, hot-dry season, suitably increase irrigation times, keep more than 20cm soil relative water content scope 20~60%.
Resina Ferulae is afraid of flood, the season of growth, if meeting the rainwater more time, should be noted timely draining.
Resina Ferulae growth of seedling early stage, plant is little, growing way is more weak, and the weeds that growing way is vigorous or plant is tall and big should be pulled out in time.After growing 3~4 years, Resina Ferulae is Early-spring plant, growth advantage, is typically not required to weeding.
The vegetative growth phase of Resina Ferulae is the most disease-free, typically without protection especially.
Below being only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred implementation is not construed as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. the method for an artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae, it is characterised in that:
Comprise nursery, transplant and management process,
The selection in base and whole
Selecting at Corpping in North Xinjiang height above sea level 700~the desert of 1100 meters or half-desert location, P in soil H-number 7.0~8.5, ground line gradient 5~the tailo of 15 ° or half Schattenseite, the plot of level of ground water≤5 meter is as milpa;
Cultivation is as follows:
Nursery: using husky earth or loam as nursery;
Nursery prepares: carries out nursery wholely before first arrival in October ground freezing: depth of turning soil >=25cm, rakes, harrow broken, makes the diameter of soil pellet≤0.3cm of more than 70%;
Making seedbed: nursery is organized into wide 2~3m, the furrow of long 4~6m, relative moisture of the soil is maintained at water content 40~60%;
Seed requires: select ripe, without of non-hibernating eggs then of pest and disease damage as sowing material;
Sowing: after nursery is ready to complete, i.e. sow, drilling, line-spacing 30~35cm, every mu of sowing quantity 2.5~3kg, after planting covers with sandy soil, and thickness is less than 1cm, and relative moisture of the soil is between 40~60%;
Break ground and put Seedling: after ice dissolution in spring, temperature 4~when 10 DEG C, observes planted in fall seed germination situation in time, breaks ground in time if any soil compaction situation, release Resina Ferulae seedling in time: when seedling starts to push up soil, harrowing pine table soil with creeper lightly, make the duricrust hardened crush, that never harrows is the deepest, seedling is caused to damage, or roll the method rolled with gravelstone, roll along sowing direction, crush and be pressed in the soil cursting that hardens above seedling;
Shallow plowing is hoed up weeds: when seedling is existing, suitably ploughs shallowly, soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil, and increases the gas permeability of soil: shallow plowing 1~2 time then of emerging, next year needs according to growth of seedling and weeds situation is intertilled 2~3 times;
Keeping soil moisture: if meeting dry year, suitably can water according to seedling growth and weather conditions, keeping growth of seedling animated period relative moisture of the soil scope 40~75%, Later growth relative moisture of the soil scope 30~75%;
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: when finding root rot diseased plant, pull out in time, and spray 500~800 times of 50% carbendazim, sprayed once every 7 days when disease is serious, sprays 2~3 times continuously;
Returning seedling management: Resina Ferulae seedling First Year is at the mid-May to mid-June of Hui Miao successively, and aerial parts is withered, root enters resting state, suitably waters, and keeps more than 10cm relative moisture of the soil scope between 20~60%;
Transplant: growth of seedling is transplanted to Second Year Hui Miao, and concrete operations are as follows:
Lifting: fill the most permeable in nursery before lifting, the lifting when soil moisture is 60~70%: vertically dig 20cm with spade in the ranks, rout up gently, do not hinder Seedling, keep the integrity of seedling;Along digging out the most successively, pick out seedling, remove the body earth that digs up the roots;
Sieve Seedling: selecting main root length 12~20cm, root thick 0.8~1.5cm, without pest and disease damage, undamaged seedling as cultivation Seedling;
Plant: embark on journey or mixed scattered dibbling, keep strain spacing 60~100cm, dig cave deep 18~25cm, be suspended from center, cave, when banketing to 23 position, cave with portable firmly Resina Ferulae seedling, gently carry seedling, continue to fill and lead up, keep soil not have Resina Ferulae seedling root head germination point 1~2cm, tread, water immediately after transplanting and determine root water, irrigate;
Management after transplanting is as follows:
Water: transplanting then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time;
Next year and later can watering every year 1~2 time according to Resina Ferulae growing way and weather conditions, hot-dry season, suitably increase irrigation times, keep more than 20cm soil relative water content scope 20~60%;
Draining: the season of growth, if meeting the rainwater more time, needs timely draining;
Hoe up weeds: Resina Ferulae growth of seedling early stage, i.e. grow the first two years, vigorous for growing way or that plant is tall and big weeds are pulled out in time.
The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described nursery selects farming ground or the ground, rural area of Corpping in North Xinjiang.
3. according to the method for the artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that: along longitudinally staying one wide 30~50cm between described seedbed two furrow, deep 10~the gutter of 20cm.
4. according to the method for the artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that: described transplanting seedling is biennial seedling, and transplanting time is that late July is to mid-August.
The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described transplanting seedling is biennial seedling, and transplanting time is that late July is to mid-August.
6. according to the method for the artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterized in that: in the management after transplanting, described employing of watering is sprayed or drip irrigation is carried out, and transplants then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time.
The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae the most according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the management after transplanting, described employing of watering is sprayed or drip irrigation is carried out, and transplants then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time.
The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in the management after transplanting, described employing of watering is sprayed or drip irrigation is carried out, and transplants then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time.
The method of artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the management after transplanting, described employing of watering is sprayed or drip irrigation is carried out, and transplants then, autumn, according to weather conditions and soil moisture content situation, waters 1~2 time.
10. according to the method for the artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulae described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 11. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 12. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 13. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 14. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 15. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 16. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
The method of 17. artificial growth medicinal plants Resina Ferulaes according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: described shallow plowing pine soil depth is 3~8cm, and intertillage pine soil depth is 5~15cm.
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CN105917958B (en) * 2016-04-15 2018-11-20 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 A method of for studying Pleurotus ferulae fungi and ermophyte asafoetide germination interaction
CN105993587B (en) * 2016-05-13 2019-04-09 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 The method that research Pleurotus ferulae fungi bacterium solution influences ermophyte asafoetide growth of seedling
CN107567841A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-01-12 新疆安居丹生物科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of asafoetide and its application in asafoetide plasm resource protection
CN108338043B (en) * 2018-02-13 2020-04-28 新疆维吾尔自治区中药民族药研究所 Method for artificially planting and cultivating medicinal asafetida
CN115669483A (en) * 2021-07-22 2023-02-03 石河子大学 Method for promoting ferula seeds to germinate and propagate seedlings of ferula
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