CN1045234A - 羰基化催化剂 - Google Patents
羰基化催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1045234A CN1045234A CN90101124A CN90101124A CN1045234A CN 1045234 A CN1045234 A CN 1045234A CN 90101124 A CN90101124 A CN 90101124A CN 90101124 A CN90101124 A CN 90101124A CN 1045234 A CN1045234 A CN 1045234A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- phosphine
- catalyzer
- group
- acid
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphine Chemical class PC1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 10
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GZXWNDQFVCUPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;pyridine Chemical compound P.C1=CC=NC=C1 GZXWNDQFVCUPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOHDPICLICFSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 SOHDPICLICFSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobiphenyl Chemical group ClC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allene Chemical compound C=C=C IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyne Chemical compound CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCJGLBWDZKLQCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(O)(=O)=O XCJGLBWDZKLQCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODFJOVXVLFUVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetarsol Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC([As](O)(O)=O)=CC=C1O ODFJOVXVLFUVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSLDEZOOOSBFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone Chemical compound C=C1CCOC1=O GSLDEZOOOSBFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne Chemical group CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KMODISUYWZPVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-6-methoxypyridine Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 KMODISUYWZPVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSXUNHYXJWDLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class CC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O HSXUNHYXJWDLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNWGJTDBZOBYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC.[O] Chemical class CCCCCCCCC.[O] QNWGJTDBZOBYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Erythrose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C=O YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940066528 trichloroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提出催化剂,其中包括a)VIII族金属源和b)式(I)膦或其酸加成盐,其中R1,R2,和R3分别选自必要时取代的芳基和式(II)基团,其中A,X,Y和Z均分别选自氮原子,CH和CR,而R为羟基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,芳氧基,卤原子,必要时取代的烃基或烃氧基,两个邻近CR可成环,只是R1,R2和R3中至少一个为式(II)中A和Z中至少一个为CR的基团。还包括新膦及催化剂在选择性羰基化不饱和烃过程中的应用。
Description
本发明涉及包括膦的新催化剂,某些新膦以及该催化剂在烯烃和炔烃羰基化过程中的应用。
现用技术中已提出了多种烯属和炔属不饱和化合物的羰基化方法。这些方法的评述已见于J.Falbe,"New Syntheses with Carbon Monoxide",Springer Verlag,Berlin Heidelberg,New York,1980。一般来说,这些方法包括将烯属不饱和化合物与一氧化碳反应,并且在某些情况下,还与氢或带可离去氢原子的亲核化合物反应,反应在羰基化催化剂存在下进行。在许多情况下,羰基化催化剂包括Ⅷ族金属源和膦等配位体。
近来公开的一种催化剂中包括Ⅷ族金属源和吡啶膦。
Kurti Kurtev et al,在Journal of the Chemical Society,Dalton Transactions,1980,pages 55-58中公开了包括铑或钌化合物和吡啶膦的催化剂及其在1-己烯羰基化过程中的应用。
EP-AI-0259914号公开欧洲专利申请提出了包括钯化合物,吡啶膦,酸和醌的催化剂及其在烯烃羰基化制取聚合物工艺中的应用。
EP-AI-0271144号公开欧洲专利申请提出了在用含羟基化合物使炔羰基化的过程中应用包括钯化合物,吡啶膦和酸的催化剂。
EP-AI-0282142号公开欧洲专利申请提出了在用含羟基化合物使烯烃羰基化的过程中应用包括钯化合物,吡啶膦和酸的催化剂。
上述现有技术文献中,没有一篇公开了采用包括(取代吡啶)膦的催化剂进行试验。但是,EP-AI-0259914和EP-AI-0282142号公开欧洲专利申请中有列出膦的表。所有列出的膦都有杂环取代基接在磷原子上,而磷本身又用或不用卤原子或烷氧基取代。但是,其中没有提出任何这种膦的制法,也没有列出任何这种膦的物理性质。实施例中所述所有膦中磷原子均带有未被取代的杂环基。
Newkome et al,在J.Am,Chem.Soc.,100(17),5567-8中公开了双(6-乙氧基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,双(6-氯-2-吡啶)苯基膦,和双(6-溴-2-吡啶)苯基膦。其中还公开了双(2-吡啶)苯基膦,而吡啶基的两个6位由式O(CH2CH2O)5CH2CH2O键连起来。
现已出人意料地发现,在用包括某些(取代-2-吡啶)膦的催化剂进行α-不饱和烃,特别是丙炔的羰基化时,可高选择性地获得β-羰基化产物。
因此,本发明提出包括Ⅷ族金属源和下式膦或其酸加成盐的催化剂:
其中R1,R2和R3独立地选自必要时取代的芳基和下式基团:
其中A,X,Y和Z中每一个均独立地选自氮原子,CH基和CR基,其中R为羟基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,酰基,酰氧基,卤原子,必要时取代的烃基或必要时取代的烃氧基,且两个邻近的CR基还可成环,只是R1,R2和R3中至少一个为式(Ⅱ)中A和Z中至少一个为CR基的基团。
已发现包括Ⅷ族金属源和式(Ⅰ)膦或其盐的催化剂可高选择性地用α-不饱和烃,特别是丙炔制取β-羰基化产物,其选择性大大高于A和Z均为CH基的同一式(Ⅰ)的相应膦。因此,将丙炔,一氧化碳和甲醇一起反应可制得甲基丙烯酸甲酯,其选择性高达99.9%,即副产物选择性仅有0.1%。与EP-AI-0259914中举例说明的方法比较起来,这极大地降低了副产物产量。这在大规模生产时,优点就很大。
虽然不想将本发明限于任何理论,但据信,本发明膦中A和Z基团中的R基团在α-不饱和化合物羰基化过程中起的作用是空间变位性的,因此可得到β-羰基化产物。因此,据相信,大量不饱和烃可用本发明催化剂高选择性地羰基化。
式(Ⅱ)所示基团的例子为2-吡啶基,2-吡嗪基,2-喹啉基,1-异喹啉基,3-异喹啉基,2-三嗪基,2-嘧啶基,3-哒嗪基,3-噌啉基,2-喹喔啉基和2-喹唑啉基。这些基团中,2-吡啶基最为优选。
已发现Z为式CR基的本发明催化剂对β-羰基化产物的选择性最高。因此,Z(特别是每一Z基团)为式CR基的催化剂及其酸加成盐是优选的。
优选的是通式Ⅱ基团中A和Z中至少一个为式CR基。
优选的是A,X和Y中每一个均独立地选自CH基和式CR基。
在本说明书中提到选择性取代基时,该基团还可选择用一个或多个,例如一个,两个或三个选自卤原子,烷基,卤代烷基,烷氧基和卤代烷氧基的取代基所取代。
在提到氨基时,优选的是指NH2或烷基或二烷基氨基。
酰基可为例如烷酰基如乙酰基。
酰氨基可为例如酰氨基如乙酰氨基。
两个邻近CR基所成环优选为必要时取代的烃环,例如必要时取代的苯环。有两个相邻CR基而成环的R1基例子可为喹啉基,异喹啉基,喹喔啉基和喹唑啉基。
在提到必要时取代的烃基或烃氧基时,烃基部分优选为烷基,环烷基或苯基。
优选烷基含高达20,优选高达12,特别是1-4个碳原子。例如烷基可为甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基或叔丁基。
环烷基优选含3-6碳。
卤原子优选为氟,氯或溴原子。
芳基优选为苯基。
每一基团R优选自卤原子,1-4碳烷基和1-4碳烷氧基。更优选的R为1-4碳烷基。
最优选的是,通式(Ⅰ)的膦为6-取代-2-吡啶膦,特别是6-烷基-2-吡啶膦。
通式(Ⅰ)的膦的例子为:二苯基(6-甲氧基-2-吡啶)膦,双(6-乙氧基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,双(6-氯-2-吡啶)苯基膦,双(6-溴-2-吡啶)苯基膦,三(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦,双(6-甲基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,双苯基(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦,双(3-甲基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,和双苯基(4,6-二甲基-2-吡啶)膦。
通式(Ⅰ)的膦的优选酸加成盐包括硫酸盐,磺酸盐;如必要时取代的烃基磺酸盐如必要时取代的芳基磺酸盐,如苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐或萘磺酸盐,必要时取代的烷基磺酸盐如烷基磺酸盐,如甲烷磺酸盐或叔丁基磺酸盐,或取代的烷基磺酸盐如2-羟基丙烷磺酸盐,三氟甲烷磺酸盐,氯磺酸盐或氟磺酸盐;磷酸盐,如正磷酸盐,焦磷酸盐或苯磷酸盐;羧酸盐,如氯乙酸盐,二氯乙酸盐,三氯乙酸盐,三氟乙酸盐,草酸盐或对苯二酸盐;或高卤酸盐如高氯酸盐。
Ⅷ族金属例如为铁,钴,镍,钌,铑,钯,铱和铂。
本发明催化剂优选含有钯盐。
Ⅷ族金属源可为例如Ⅷ族金属元素或其化合物。Ⅷ族金属源优选为Ⅷ族金属化合物,最优选为钯化合物。
Ⅷ族金属化合物例子包括盐,如硝酸盐;硫酸盐;羧酸盐如链烷羧酸盐,其中含碳不超过12个,如乙酸盐;和氢卤酸盐。盐的其它例子为上述通式(Ⅰ)的膦酸加成盐所涉及酸的盐。由于卤离子有腐蚀性,所以氢卤酸盐并不优选。Ⅷ族金属化合物的其它例子包括络合物,如与乙酰基丙酮酸盐,膦(如通式(Ⅰ)的膦)和/或一氧化碳的络合物。例如Ⅷ族金属化合物可为乙酰基丙酮酸钯,四-三苯基膦钯,双-三邻甲苯基膦钯乙酸盐,双-二苯基-2-吡啶膦钯乙酸盐,四-二苯基-2-吡啶膦钯,双-二邻甲苯基吡啶膦钯乙酸盐或双-二苯基吡啶膦钯硫酸盐。
本发明催化剂中每克原子Ⅷ族金属的通式(Ⅰ)的膦的mol数并不关键,这取决于Ⅷ族金属源和待羰基化的反应物类型。常见的是,通式(Ⅰ)的膦mol数/克原子Ⅷ族金属之比为1-1000,优选为2-500,更优选为10-100。
本发明催化剂优选还包括质子源。质子酸功能是提供质子源。因此,质子酸一般就地形成。优选的是质子酸为上述通式(Ⅰ)的膦酸加成盐所涉及的酸之一。例如,也可能为酸性离子交换树脂,例如磺化离子交换树脂,或硼酸衍生物如H[B(O2C6H4)2]或H[B(OC6H4CO2)2]。
可以看出,包括通式(Ⅰ)膦的酸加成盐的催化剂不可避免地包含质子酸。
催化剂优选包括非配位阴离子;即没与Ⅷ族金属配位的阴离子。一般来说,非配位阴离子来自质子酸。上述谈到通式(Ⅰ)的膦的酸加成盐时所列之质子酸包括非配位阴离子。
在催化剂包括质子酸时,质子酸当量数/当量通式(Ⅰ)的膦之比范围很宽。质子酸/通式(Ⅰ)的膦之最佳比取决于催化剂组合物适用的特定反应。方便的是,质子酸当量数/通式(Ⅰ)的膦当量之比为0.1-50,优选为0.5-5。
我们的英国专利申请9002508.1,于1990年2月5日提交,其中公开并要求保护:
羰基化催化剂,其中包括:
a)Ⅷ族金属源;
b)带有含亚氨基氮原子的芳族取代基的膦源;
c)质子源;和
d)烷基磺酸根阴离子源,以及这种催化剂组合物在不饱和化合物羰基化过程中的应用。
本发明催化剂在液相中制成。液相可方便地由催化剂适用的反应物之一种或多种构成。另一方面,也可为溶剂。也可由催化剂成分之一构成。
本发明催化剂可为均相或多相,优选为均相。
本发明催化剂可用常见方法制得。因此可将Ⅷ族金属化合物,通式(Ⅰ)的膦以及必要时的质子酸在液相中组合而成。另一方面,也可在液相中Ⅷ族金属化合物和通式(Ⅰ)的酸加成盐组合而成。此外,还可将呈Ⅷ族金属络合物的Ⅷ族金属化合物与通式(Ⅰ)的膦以及必要时的质子酸组合而成。
如上所述,通式(Ⅰ)的三种膦已见于Newkome et al,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,100(17),5567-8。其它几种膦已见于EP-AI-0259914和EP-AI-0282142,但并没谈及其制法。因此取认为这些膦是新颖的。所以说本发明提出上述通式(Ⅰ)的膦或其酸加成盐,只是双(6-乙氧基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,双(6-氯-2-吡啶)苯基膦,和双(6-溴-2-吡啶)苯基膦除外。
上述通式(Ⅰ)的膦为A或Z中之至少一个为CR且R为卤原子或烷氧基的所有化合物。出人意料的是,已发现与带卤素或烷氧基取代基的式(Ⅰ)之相应膦比较起来,A和/或Z基可为CR且R为必要时取代的烃基的通式(Ⅰ)的膦具有有利的性能。特别是,在将丙炔与一氧化碳和甲醇反应而制取甲基丙烯酸甲酯时,已发现这些化合物的反应速度大大高于相应的烷氧基和卤代化合物的反应速锻,而同时又具有很高的选择性。
因此,按照优选一面,本发明提出通式(Ⅰ)的膦,其中A和Z之至少一个为CR,其中R为必要时取代的烃基。优选的是Z为CR,而R为必要时取代的烃基,优选为烷基。
通式(Ⅰ)的膦制法中包括将下式化合物:
其中M1为金属原子或离去原子或基团,与下式化合物反应:
其中M2为金属原子或离去原子或基团,必要时再形成酸加成盐。
M1或M2可为任何主族金属,如碱金属,如锂,钠或钾;碱土金属,如镁;锌;镉;汞;铝;镓;铟,铊,锡或铅,优选为碱金属原子,最优选为锂原子。
可以看出,在M1为金属原子,式(Ⅳ)化合物为M2代表离去原子或基团的化合物。同样,在M1为离去原子或基团时,通式(Ⅳ)化合物为M2为原子的化合物。
R1优选为上述式(Ⅱ)的基团。
式(Ⅲ)化合物与式(Ⅳ)化合物的反应一般在溶剂中进行。适用溶剂包括液氨和醚如四氢呋喃或乙醚,或烃如苯或甲苯。
该法一般在-100-100℃,优选为-80-0℃下进行。
在要求通式(Ⅰ)化合物中R1,R2和R3中多个为式(Ⅱ)基团时,可用合适膦就地制成式(Ⅲ)原料。例如,在要求式(Ⅰ)化合物中R1,R2和R3中每一个都为式(Ⅱ)基团时,式(Ⅲ)原料可用下式化合物就地制成:
其中每一个M1为离去原子或基团,优选为氯或溴原子。
式(Ⅳ)中M2为金属原子的化合物可用M2为离去原子或基团,如氯,溴或碘原的相应化合物制得,其中与金属烷基合物,如丁基锂反应。
一般可将通式(Ⅰ)的膦与适宜酸优选在溶剂中接触而形成酸加成盐。
如上所述,已出人意料地发现本发明组合物在使不饱和烃羰基化过程中的选择性高。
因此,本发明提出上述催化剂组合物在炔属或烯属不饱和烃羰基化过程中的应用。
根据本发明另一方面,本发明提出了炔属或烯属不饱和化合物羰基化方法,其中包括将炔属或烯属不饱和化合物在液相中有上述催化剂存在条件下与一氧化碳反应。
炔属或烯属不饱和化合物优选为非对称炔或烯烃,最优选为α-炔或烯。
烯属不饱和化合物优选为每分子2-30,优选为3-20碳取代或未取代烯或环烯。
炔属不饱和化合物优选为每分子2-20,特别是3-10碳取代或未取代炔。
炔属或烯属不饱和化合物可含一个或多个炔或烯键,如一,二或三个炔或烯键。
烯或炔可被取代,例如可用卤原子,氰基,酰基如乙酰基,酰氧基如乙酰氧基,氨基如二烷基氨基,烷氧基如甲氧基,卤代烷基如三氟甲基,卤代烷氧基如三氟甲氧基,酰氨基如乙酰氨基或羟基取代。这些基团中的一部分参与反应,这取决于确定的反应条件。例如,将某些炔属不饱和醇,例如3-丁炔-1-醇,4-戊炔-1-醇或3-戊炔-1-醇羰基化可得到内酯。因此可将3-丁炔-1-醇转化成α-亚甲基-γ-丁内酯。
炔的例子为:乙炔,丙炔,苯乙炔,1-丁炔,2-丁炔,1-戊炔,1-己炔,1-庚炔,1-辛炔,2-辛炔,4-辛炔,1,7-十八(碳)二炔,5-甲基-3-庚炔,4-丙基-2-戊炔,1-壬炔,苄基乙炔和环己基乙炔。
烯的例子为:乙炔,丙烯,苯乙烯,1-丁烯,2-丁烯,1-戊烯,1-己烯,1-庚烯,1-辛烯,2-辛烯,4-辛烯,环己烯和降冰片二烯。
炔属和烯属不饱和化合物可为炔和烯,如3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-炔。
已发现本发明催化剂在存在烯基时对炔基的选择性高。
不饱和化合物可单独或在其它反应物,如氢或带可离去氢原子的亲核化合物存在下进行羰基化。带可离去氢原子的辛核化合物例子为含羟基化合物。
含羟基化合物优选为醇,水或羧酸。
所用醇可为脂肪醇,环状脂肪醇或芳醇并可带一个或多个取代基。醇优选含高达20碳/分子。例如,可为烷醇,环烷醇或酚。可带一个或多个羟基。其中可形成几种产物,这取决于所用反应物mol比。
烷醇例子包括甲醇,乙醇,1-丙醇,2-丙醇,1-丁醇,2-丁醇,2-甲基-1-丙醇和2-甲基-1-丙醇。
酚的例子包括酚,烷基酚,儿茶酚,和2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷。
醇的其它例子包括多元醇,特别是低级糖如葡萄糖,果糖,甘露糖,半乳糖,蔗糖,醛糖,戊醛糖,阿卓糖,阿洛糖,塔罗糖,古洛糖,艾杜糖,核糖,阿(拉伯)糖,木糖,来苏糖,赤藓糖或苏糖,纤维素,苄基醇;2,2-双(羟甲基)-1-丁醇,硬脂醇,环己醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,4-丁二醇,聚乙二醇,丙三醇和1,6-己二醇。
本发明方法可用多种羧酸进行。例如,羧酸可为脂肪酸,环脂酸或芳族酸并可带一个或多个取代基,如在谈到炔和烯属不饱和化合物时指出的取代基。
优选用于本发明方法的羧酸包括含高达20碳的羧酸。可有一个或多个羧酸根存在,因此可按要求产出各种产物,这取决于所用反应物的mol比羧酸可为例如烷烃羧酸或烯烃羧酸。羧酸例子为:甲酸,乙酸,丙酸,正丁酸,异丁酸,新戊酸,正戊酸,正己酸,辛酸,癸酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸,苯甲酸,邻苯二酸,间苯二酸,对苯二酸和甲苯甲酸。烯烃羧酸为丙烯酸,丙炔酸,甲基丙烯酸,巴豆酸,异巴豆酸,油酸,马来酸,富马酸,柠康酸和中康酸。
可以看出,不饱和烃和含羟基化合物可为同一化合物。
在炔属不饱和化合物与水和一氧化碳反应时,α,β-不饱和羧酸就可形成。若醇用来代替水,则可形成α,β-不饱和羧酸酯。若羧酸用来代替水,则可形成α,β-不饱和酸酐。α,β-不饱和产物可进一步反应,这取决于所用反应条件。
已发现,本发明组合物特别适用于用含羟基化合物将α-炔羰基化。
因此,就优选的一面而言,本发明还提出α,β-烯属不饱和化合物制法,其中包括在液相中有上述羰基化催化剂存在下将α-炔与一氧化碳和含羟基化合物反应。
在该法中,羰基化催化剂优选为上述钯催化剂,即其中包括:
a)钯化合物,
b)通式(Ⅰ)的膦,和
c)质子酸。
在本发明方法中并不必须采用单独的溶剂。
大量过量的产物或反应物之一,如醇,可形成合适的液相。但在某些情况下,也要求采用单独的溶剂。为此可采用任何惰性溶剂。该溶剂例如可包括砜和亚砜,如二甲亚砜,二异丙基砜或四氢噻吩-2,2-二氧化物(也称为环丁砜),2-甲基环丁砜,3-甲基环丁砜,2-甲基-4-丁基环丁砜;芳族烃如苯,甲苯,二甲苯;酯如乙酸甲酯和丁内酯;酮如丙酮或甲基·异丁基酮,醚如茴香醚,2,5,8-三氧壬烷(也称为二甘醇二甲醚),苯基醚和异丙醚,和酰胺如N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
本发明方法一般可在10-200℃,特别是20-130℃,优选为100℃下进行。
本发明方法优选在1-70巴下进行。也可用高于100巴的压力,但一般因设备要求,这样做在经济上并无吸收力。
含羟基化合物与不饱和烃之mol比可在很宽范围内变化,一般为0.01∶1-100∶1。
Ⅷ族金属用量并不关键,优选为10-7-10-1克原子Ⅷ族金属/mol不饱和化合物。
本发明方法所用一氧化碳可为纯气体也可用东西气体,如氮气稀释。气流中的能存在大量氢气,因为不饱和烃可在反应条件下氢化。一般来说,气流中优选氢含量低于5vol%。
对α,β-烯属不饱和化合物的选择性百分比定义为
(a/b)×100%
其中“a”为转化成α,β-烯属不饱和化合物的炔属不饱和化合物量,而“b”为已转化的炔属不饱和化合物总量。
下述制法和实例详述本发明。
除另有说明而外,实例中所用丙烯中的丙二烯低于0.2%。
二苯基-(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦制法
所有操作在惰性气氛(氮气或氩气)中进行。溶剂用之前干燥并蒸馏。将36ml 1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液加入40ml乙醚中,混合物冷却至-40℃。20分钟内向混合物中搅拌加入10g 2-溴-6-甲基吡啶在15ml乙醇中的溶液;加料期间,温度保持为-40℃。加料后,将温度升为-5℃,保温5分钟,然后又降至-40℃。15分钟内向混合物中搅拌加入12.8g氯二苯基膦在15ml乙醚中的溶液。加料之后,混合物加热到室温,真空除去溶剂后加入50ml水和50ml二氯甲烷。5分钟充分搅拌之后,分出二氯甲烷相。水相用两份50ml二氯甲烷萃取,有机相组合起来后真空除去溶剂。剩余物用甲苯/己烷重结晶而得12g(75%)白色晶体二苯基-(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦。产品特性为31pNMR:δp=-5.6ppm。
二苯基(3-甲基-2-吡啶)膦制法
同制法1,但用10.0g 2-溴-3-甲基吡啶代替2-溴-6-甲基吡啶。化合物特性为31pNMR:δp=-8.1ppm。
苯基-双(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦制法
同制法1,但用5.2g苯基二氯代膦代替氯二苯基膦。化合物特性为31pNMR:δp=5.1ppm。
三(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦制法
同制法1,但用2.7g三氯化磷代替氯二苯基膦。化合物特性为31pNMR:δp=-3.8ppm。
二苯基-(4,6-二甲基-2-吡啶)膦制法
同制法1,但用10.8g 2-溴-4,6-二甲基吡啶代替2-溴-6-甲基吡啶。化合物特性为31pNMR:δp=-5.6ppm。
二苯基-(6-甲氧基-2-吡啶)膦制法
80℃下将2.7g钠加入100ml液氨中,然后将15.2g三苯基膦分6份搅拌加入。溶液搅拌加热到-40℃,保温30分钟后再冷却到-80℃。然后,将3.1g氯化铵搅拌加入溶液,之后分3份加入10.9g 2-溴-6-甲氧基吡啶。去掉冷却浴后将氨蒸发。剩余物用水/二氯甲烷按制法1要求提取。用己烷结晶而得7g不太纯产物(化合物特性为31pNMR:δp=-4.4ppm),不经加工就用于以下实例。
实例1
向300ml磁性搅拌不锈钢压热釜中顺序加入0.025mmol乙酸钯(Ⅱ),1mmol双(6-甲基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,2mmol对甲苯磺酸,30mlN-甲基吡咯烷酮和30ml甲醇。从压热釜中抽出空气后加入25ml丙炔。然后,加一氧化碳达到60巴。压热釜密封后加热到80℃。80℃反应1.5小时后用气液色谱法分析。丙烯转化成甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择性得到99.9%,而平均转化率计为20,000mol丙炔/gat Pd/小时。
实例2
用基本上相同的方法重复实例1所述试验,催化剂由0.025mmol乙酸钯(Ⅱ),1mmol三(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦和2mmol对甲苯磺酸。丙烯转化成甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择性达到99.8%,而平均转化率为10,000mol丙烯/gat Pd/小时。
实例3
重复实例1,只是催化剂由0.025mmol乙酸钯(Ⅱ),1mmol双苯基(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦和2mmol对甲苯磺酸构成,压热釜加热到60℃并反应1小时之后分析釜中物料。对甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择性为99.95%。平均转化率计为40,000mol丙炔/gat Pt/小时。
实例4
向300ml磁性搅拌不锈钢制压热釜中加入0.025mmol乙酸钯(Ⅱ),3mmol双苯基(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦,2mmol对甲苯磺酸和50ml甲醇。从压热釜中抽出空气后加入30ml丙烯。压热釜用一氧化碳加压到40巴,并密封后加热到100℃。反应产物分析表明对β-羰基化产物的选择性为36%,平均转化率计为500mol/gat Pd/小时。
实例5
重复实例4方法,但应用双苯基(6-甲氧基-2-吡啶)膦。选择性为39%,平均转化率为600mol/gat Pd/小时。
比较例A
以基本上类似的方式重复实例1的试验,催化剂由0.025mmol乙酸钯(Ⅱ),1mmol苯基-双(2-吡啶)膦和2mmol对甲基磺酸构成,反应温度80℃,反应时间2小时。丙炔转化成甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择性为98.3%(实例1中为99.9%),而平均转化率计为8,000mol丙炔/gat Pd/小时。
因此,试验表明了采用本发明取代吡啶膦的出人意料的效果。
比较例B
重复实例4的方法,但采用双苯基(2-吡啶)膦。对β-羰基化产物的选择性仅为28%,平均转化率为270ml/get Pd/小时。
该比较试验表明本发明膦适宜于将烯烃选择性羰基化。
实例6
向250ml磁性搅拌不锈钢制压热釜中顺序加入0.025mmol乙酸钯,1mmol双苯基(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦,2mmol 2-甲基-2-丙基磺酸,30ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为溶剂和30ml甲醇。从压热釜中抽出空气后加入含0.2%丙二烯的30ml丙炔。然后用一氧化碳增压至60巴。压热釜密封后加热到60℃。60℃下反应0.15小时之后,用气液色谱法分析压热釜中物料样品。分析结果表明对甲基丙烯酸甲酯的选择性计为99.9%,平均转化率计为100,000mol丙炔/克原子Pd/小时。
实例7-17和比较例C-E
重复实例1的方法,其中采用不同的酸,溶剂和膦,并改变丙二烯在丙炔中的量。结果列于表1。
实例18
向250ml磁性搅拌不锈钢制压热釜中加入0.025mmol乙酸钯(Ⅱ),3mmol双苯基(6-甲基-2-吡啶)膦,2mmol 2-甲基-2-丙磺酸,30ml甲醇和30ml苯乙炔。从压热釜中抽出空气后用一氧化碳加压至60巴。压热釜密封后加热到60℃。反应1小时后,用气相色谱法分析压热釜中物料样品。从分析结果看,对2-苯基-2-丙烯酸甲酯的选择性为99.9%,平均转化率计为20,000mol苯乙炔/克原子Pd/小时。
实例19-22
按照类似于实例18的方法,采用不同炔属不饱和化合物进行试验。结果列于表2。
Claims (14)
2、权利要求1的催化剂,其中基团Z为CR基。
3、权利要求1或2的催化剂,其中A,X和Y中每一个独立地选自CH和CR基。
4、权利要求1-3中任一项的催化剂,其中R1,R2或R3代表的任何芳基均可为必要时取代的苯基。
5、权利要求1-4中任一项的催化剂,其中每一R基独立地选自卤原子,1-4碳烷基和1-4碳烷氧基。
6、权利要求1-5中任一项的催化剂,其中Ⅷ族金属源为钯化合物。
7、权利要求1-6中任一项的催化剂,其中通式(Ⅰ)的膦的mol数/克原子Ⅷ族金属之比为2-500。
8、权利要求1-7中任一项的催化剂,其中质子酸用量为0.5-5当量/当量通式(Ⅰ)的膦。
9、权利要求1所述通式(Ⅰ)的膦或其酸加成盐,其中双(6-乙氧基-2-吡啶)苯基膦,双(6-氯-2-吡啶)苯基膦,和双(6-溴-2-吡啶)苯基膦除外。
11、权利要求1的催化剂在炔属或烯属不饱和烃羰基化过程中的应用。
12、α,β-烯属不饱和化合物制法,其中包括将α-炔与一氧化碳和含羟基化合物在液相中有权利要求1所述羰基化催化剂存在下进行反应。
13、权利要求12的方法,其中羰基化催化剂包括:
a)钯化合物,
b)权利要求1所述通式(Ⅰ)的膦,和
c)质子酸。
14、权利要求12或13的方法,其中将丙炔与一氧化碳和甲醇反应而制成甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB898904860A GB8904860D0 (en) | 1989-03-03 | 1989-03-03 | Process for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated compounds |
GB8904860.7 | 1989-03-03 | ||
GB909002508A GB9002508D0 (en) | 1990-02-05 | 1990-02-05 | Carbonylation catalyst system |
GB9002508.1 | 1990-02-05 |
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CN1045234A true CN1045234A (zh) | 1990-09-12 |
CN1042400C CN1042400C (zh) | 1999-03-10 |
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CN90101124A Expired - Fee Related CN1042400C (zh) | 1989-03-03 | 1990-03-03 | 羰基化催化剂 |
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US (1) | US5158921A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0386833B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3051986B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0144567B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1042400C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU624483B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9000965A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2011292C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69033159T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2133137T3 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG50547A1 (zh) |
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EP0565199B1 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1996-09-04 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Carbonylation process using palladium phosphine catalyst |
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DE19983354C2 (de) * | 1998-07-08 | 2002-08-08 | Neste Chemicals Oy Espoo | Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung |
FI20002807A0 (fi) * | 2000-09-05 | 2000-12-20 | Neste Chemicals Oy | Menetelmä alkeenien hydroformyloimiseksi |
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- 1990-02-28 KR KR1019900002672A patent/KR0144567B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-28 US US07/486,566 patent/US5158921A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-01 EP EP90200491A patent/EP0386833B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-01 JP JP2047399A patent/JP3051986B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-01 CA CA002011292A patent/CA2011292C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-01 AU AU50631/90A patent/AU624483B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-01 SG SG1996004691A patent/SG50547A1/en unknown
- 1990-03-01 DE DE69033159T patent/DE69033159T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-01 ES ES90200491T patent/ES2133137T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-01 BR BR909000965A patent/BR9000965A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-03 CN CN90101124A patent/CN1042400C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1046263C (zh) * | 1993-03-19 | 1999-11-10 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 炔属不饱和化合物羰基化的方法 |
CN1035114C (zh) * | 1994-04-26 | 1997-06-11 | 周毕华 | 柴油乳化剂 |
CN102190583A (zh) * | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-21 | 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 | 一种钯膦络合物催化乙炔羰基合成丙烯酸低碳醇酯的方法 |
CN105517986A (zh) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-04-20 | 赢创德固赛有限公司 | 由烯烃和CO2合成α,β-不饱和羧酸(甲基)丙烯酸盐 |
CN104707663A (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种有机配体聚合物载体及其制备方法 |
CN104707663B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-07-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种有机配体聚合物载体及其制备方法 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE69033159D1 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
ES2133137T3 (es) | 1999-09-01 |
SG50547A1 (en) | 1998-07-20 |
BR9000965A (pt) | 1991-02-19 |
KR900014032A (ko) | 1990-10-22 |
EP0386833B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
JPH02277551A (ja) | 1990-11-14 |
CA2011292C (en) | 2000-09-19 |
AU5063190A (en) | 1990-09-06 |
US5158921A (en) | 1992-10-27 |
AU624483B2 (en) | 1992-06-11 |
KR0144567B1 (ko) | 1998-07-15 |
EP0386833A1 (en) | 1990-09-12 |
DE69033159T2 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
CA2011292A1 (en) | 1990-09-03 |
JP3051986B2 (ja) | 2000-06-12 |
CN1042400C (zh) | 1999-03-10 |
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