CN1023218C - 共轭双烯羰基化的方法 - Google Patents
共轭双烯羰基化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1023218C CN1023218C CN87107284A CN87107284A CN1023218C CN 1023218 C CN1023218 C CN 1023218C CN 87107284 A CN87107284 A CN 87107284A CN 87107284 A CN87107284 A CN 87107284A CN 1023218 C CN1023218 C CN 1023218C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- catalyst system
- phenyl
- chloro
- benzoic acid
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MRUDNSFOFOQZDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl MRUDNSFOFOQZDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XGWFJBFNAQHLEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-anthroic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 XGWFJBFNAQHLEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 phosphine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- PZVUZZXBUDKPPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphane Chemical class FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(P)=C1 PZVUZZXBUDKPPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004953 trihalomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 52
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical class [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YIYBQIKDCADOSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCC=CC(O)=O YIYBQIKDCADOSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- UIUWNILCHFBLEQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N trans-pent-3-enoic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\CC(O)=O UIUWNILCHFBLEQ-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQAHNNMLPUNNNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylphosphane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)P QQAHNNMLPUNNNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILUJQPXNXACGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-methylsalicylic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ILUJQPXNXACGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YYDZNOUMWKJXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound ClPC1=CC=CC=C1 YYDZNOUMWKJXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N (2e,4e)-hexa-2,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VXLQXFQDOGUAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(P)C=C1 VXLQXFQDOGUAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
在液相中有含羟基化合物和有催化剂的条件下将共轭双烯,特别是1,3-丁二烯选择性羰基化的方法;催化剂体系如下组合制备:
(a)钯或其化合物,
(b)一种通式为的有机磷、锑或砷衍生物,其中R1为带有一或多个吸电子取代基的芳基,R2和R3各为任意取代的芳基,Q为磷、锑或砷,优选磷,
(c)pka为4的取代苯甲酸,优选带有一或多个吸电子取代基并且/或形成更大的稠芳环系的一部分,如2,6-二氯苯甲酸或9-蒽甲酸;以及与上述有关的催化剂体系。
Description
本发明有关于共轭双烯羰基化的方法,特别是关于由1,3-丁二烯制备3-戊烯酸及其衍生物的方法以及同系双烯的类似转化反应。
在美国专利说明书第3,887,595和第4,172,087号中,除别的内容外,包含有烯属不饱和烃类羰基化方法的内容。
在美国专利说明书第3,887,595号中,描述了在一种催化剂存在下,用一氧化碳和至少一种羟基化合物(可选自水、含1~20个碳原子的烷醇、含2~20个碳原子的羧酸及它们的混合物),把不具有炔键和共轭双键的含有2至30个碳原子的烯属不饱和烃进行羰基化反应,而形成主要是直链产物的方法,所用的催化剂主要由以下组分所组成:
(a)一种零价贵金属的有机膦络合物,其中金属是钯或铂,此一金属被1至4个配位体所围绕,配位体是有机膦化合物,它由三个任意取代的含1至20个碳原子的烃基所组成,烃基中不含脂肪族碳-碳不饱和键,可选自烷基、未取代的苯基和一取代的烷基,
(b)相对于每摩尔有关的金属膦络合物,用约10摩尔至约150摩尔的有机膦化合物。
由美国专利说明书第4,172,087号中,可以知道一种由含有4至8个碳原子的脂肪族共轭双烯,同时制备两类不饱和羧酸及其酯类的方法,其中:
(a)每两摩尔有关的脂肪族共轭双烯与一种由下列组分所组成的三组分混合物混合在一起:
(ⅰ)至少是催化量的一种钯催化剂,它或者是由一种或多种囟化钯盐和一种或多种单齿的、含给电子配位体的三级磷化合物结合而成,或者是
由一种或多种不是囟化物的钯盐和一种或多种多齿的、含给电子配位体的三级磷化合物所组成;
(ⅱ)至少一摩尔当量的含羟基的辅助反应物,它可选自水或一种含有1至12个碳原子的脂肪族烷醇;
(ⅲ)一种N-杂环胺类的碱,是为了形成一种反应混合物;
(b)反应混合物用充足的一氧化碳加压,以满足羰基化反应的化学计量要求,
(c)加压的反应混合物被加热至30℃至150℃,直到大量形成所需的脂肪族羰酸衍生物,
(d)这样形成的有关不饱和羧酸衍生物被析离。
最好是,1,3-丁二烯被用作原料,而吡啶、烷基化的吡啶、喹啉、二甲基吡啶、甲基吡啶、异喹啉、烷基化的喹啉和异喹啉、吖啶,或N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二乙基苯胺、N,N-二乙基甲苯胺、N,N-二丁基甲苯胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮能用作N-杂环胺碱。
很清楚,在此前所叙述的这些方法中,并没有严格涉及把共轭不饱和化合物进行选择性转化的反应,特别是也没有涉及选择性地制备3-戊烯酸或其衍生物的内容,因此那些寻求经过改进的、选择性制备3-戊烯酸及其衍生物方法的熟练的专业人员,已经把他们的兴趣从上面叙述的那些方法转移开了。然而3-戊烯酸及其衍生物正日益成为有机合成(例如制备己二酸及其衍生物)重要的基本原料。
在大多数已知的丁二烯转化方法中,其特点是应用比较大浓度的盐酸或别的氢囟酸,不然就是用很苛刻的反应条件,由于参考到安全和设备(腐蚀),所以必需做一些补充,主要是增加成本数额。
现在,出人意外地发现了一种可在液相中和在一种特定的催化剂体系存在下,选择性地转化共轭双烯的改进方法,特别是通过1,3-丁二烯的转
化,可选择性地制备3-戊烯酸及其衍生物,而且异戊二烯、2-甲基丁二烯、1,3-己二烯、2,4-己二烯、2,4-庚二烯以及更高的同系物也能发生此类似的转化反应,并且一般具有增加的转化率。
因此本发明是关于一种在液相中存在有一种含羟基的化合物,以及存在有一种催化剂体系的条件下,把共轭双烯选择性地羰基化的方法,这种催化剂体系是由下列物质组合而制备的:
(a)钯或它的一种化合物,
(b)具有下列通式的一种有机磷、锑或砷衍生物:
其中R1代表带有一个或多个吸电子取代基的芳基,R2和R3各自代表被一个或多个吸电子基团任意取代的芳基,Q代表磷、锑或砷,
(c)一种pka值<4的取代的苯甲酸。
特别是,本发明有关于把1,3-丁二烯选择性地羰基化,成为3-戊烯酸或其衍生物的方法。最好用一种带有一个或多个吸电子取代基的苯甲酸,并且/或这些取代基形成一个更大的稠合芳香环系的一部分。
对于,例如,3-戊烯酸或它的衍生物的选择性,可用百分数来表示,其定义为:
(a)/(b) ×100
其中“a”是,例如,转化成3-戊烯酸或它的衍生物的1,3-丁二烯的量,“b”是1,3-丁二烯的总的转化量。
很清楚,在已知的方法中,例如,已经发现的把1,3-丁二烯转化为3-戊烯酸及其衍生物的非常高的选择性,是通过压抑另外同时形成3,8-壬二
烯酸或其衍生物的反应而获得的。
所说的化合物中特别优选的一类包括通式Ⅰ代表的化合物,其中Q是磷,芳基的环中包含最多不超过18个碳原子,例如蒽基、萘基和苯基,最好是苯基。
更优选的是那些式Ⅰ代表的有机膦化合物,其中R、R和R各自代表一个带有一个或多个吸电子取代基的苯基,这类吸电子基团的实例有氯、溴、氟、一氯甲基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、硝基和间-甲氧基。
本发明的方法中适用的有机膦化合物的实例有:
三(间-氯苯基)膦,
苯基二(间-氯苯基)膦
二苯基(间-氯苯基)膦
苯基二(对-氯苯基)膦
二苯基(对-氯苯基)膦
三(间-三氟甲基苯基)膦
苯基二(三氟甲基苯基)膦
二苯基(间-三氟甲基苯基)膦
苯基二(三氯甲基苯基)膦
二苯基(三氯甲基苯基)膦
二苯基(间-甲氧基苯基)膦
苯基二(间-甲氧基苯基)膦
苯基二(氯甲基苯基)膦
二苯基(氯甲基苯基)膦
二苯基(硝基苯基)膦
苯基二(硝基苯基)膦
三-(对-氯苯基)膦
用囟素或一、二、三囟甲基作为取代基,特别是用氯或三氟甲基作为
取代基,能够得到非常好的转化结果。
最优选的有机膦化合物是三(间-氯苯基)膦、三(对-氯苯基)膦和三(间-三氟甲基苯基)膦。
在本发明的方法中所用的取代苯甲酸,其pka值在水溶液中18℃测量时应<4.0,最好是在2.5和4之间。这类在苯环上有一个或多个吸电子基团(如囟素、最好是氯)取代的苯甲酸的典型实例有邻-氯苯甲酸、间-氯苯甲酸、对-氯苯甲酸、邻-羟基苯甲酸、邻-甲氧基苯甲酸、邻-溴苯甲酸、间-溴苯甲酸、2,6-二氯苯甲酸和9-蒽甲酸。
按照本发明方法的更具体的描述,除应用前面提到的单齿的有机膦化合物以外,也可以用二齿的有机膦化合物,并且也取得了有吸引力的结果。最好是,除了一种或多种前面提到的单齿的有机膦化合物以外,还应用二齿的有机膦化合物,其中苯基上被吸电子基团任意地取代,例如:
1,2-乙二基双二(氯苯基)膦
1,4-丁二基双二(氯苯基)膦
1,2-乙烯二基双二(三氟甲基苯基)膦
1,2-乙二基双二(三氟甲基苯基)膦
1,2-亚苯基双二(氯苯基)膦
1,2-四氟环丁烯二基双二(氯苯基)膦
1,2-四氟环丁烯二基双二(三氟甲基苯基)膦
1,2-六氟环戊烯二基双二(氯苯基)膦
1,2-八氟环己烯二基双二(氯苯基)膦
双(邻-二苯基膦苯基)氯苯基膦
1,2-乙二基双二苯基膦
1,4-丁二基双二苯基膦
1,2-乙烯二基双二苯基膦
1,2-乙二基双苯基(氯苯基)膦
1,2-亚苯基双二苯基膦
1,2-四氟环丁烯二基双二苯基膦
1,2-六氟环戊烯二基双二苯基膦
1,2-八氟环己烯二基双二苯基膦
1,2-六氟环戊烯二基双苯基(氯苯基)膦以及
1,2-六氟环戊烯二基双苯基(三氟甲基苯基)膦
本发明的方法中均相和多相钯催化剂组分都可应用,最好是用均相催化剂组分。合适的均相催化剂组分是通过钯盐与,例如,硝酸、硫酸或每分子中含有不超过12个碳原子的烷羧酸相互作用而形成的。考虑到囟离子引起的腐蚀作用,最好是不用氢囟酸的盐,一种优选的催化剂组分是醋酸钯。也可以用钯络合物,例如乙酰丙酮化钯、双-三-邻甲苯基膦醋酸钯或双-三苯基膦醋酸钯。
钯的用量并不是关键性的。在应用二价钯化合物的场合,优选的用量范围为每摩尔共轭双烯,最好是丁二烯,用10-5至10-1克原子钯。
有机磷、砷或锑化合物与钯的摩尔比也不是关键性的,可以在很宽的范围内变化。最好是每克原子钯用多于2摩尔的优选的有机膦化合物,以获得很高的选择性和很好的转化率。如果每克原子钯用多于2摩尔和少于20摩尔的有机膦化合物,则可以得到非常高的选择性和非常高的转化率。
相对于每当量取代的苯甲酸所用的有机膦化合物的当量数也不是关键性的,它也可以在很宽的范围内变化。每当量有机膦化合物,用0.1至10当量取代的苯甲酸是合适的。
一般,在所说的转化方法中最好用一种分离的溶剂。为此目的可以用任何一种惰性溶剂。这可以是,例如,砜类,如二异丙基砜;芳香烃类如苯、甲苯、二甲苯;酯类如乙酸甲酯和丁内酯;酮类如丙酮和甲基异丁基酮;以及醚类如苯甲醚、2,5,8-三氧杂壬烷(也称作二甘醇二甲醚)、二苯醚、二异丙基醚和四氢呋喃。最好是用一种醚如二苯醚。
本发明的方法允许用比较温和的反应条件,适用温度范围为50℃至200℃,最好是50℃至155°。
1,3-丁二烯的用量也可以在很宽的范围内变化。所用的-氧化碳的压力一般比迄今已知的其它方法要低。最好用5至60巴。
醇、酚、水或羧酸与共轭双烯、特别是丁二烯的摩尔比可以在很宽的限度内变化,一般范围是0.1∶1至10∶1。按照本发明方法的一个优选的实施方案,可用一种醇作为含羟基的反应物。这醇可以是脂肪的、环状脂肪的或芳香的,并且,如果必要,可以带有一个或多个惰性的取代基。合适的醇可包含直到20个碳原子,其中可以存在一个或多个羟基,在这种情况下,视所用反应物的摩尔比,可以形成不同的各种产物。例如,将一种多元醇如乙二醇、甘油、丁二醇和2,2-二羟基甲基-1-丁醇与适当量的丁二烯反应,均可以形成单酯或多元酯。因此,醇的选择只决定于所希望得到的产物。烷醇如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇或2,2-二羟基甲基-1-丁醇以及含有醚桥的醇如二缩三乙二醇等都能产生有价值的产物。
按照本发明方法的另一个实施方案,很多种类的羧酸可以用作反应物。例如,这些羧酸可以是脂肪的、环状脂肪的或芳香的,并可以任意地带有惰性取代基。合适的羧酸含有不超过25个碳原子。用作反应物的羧酸最好是烷羧酸或烯羧酸。合适的羧酸的实例有甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸、新戊酸、正戊酸、正己酸、正辛酸、癸酸、十二烷酸、十四烷酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸。烯羧酸的实例有丙烯酸、丙炔酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、油酸、马来酸、富马酸、柠康酸、中康酸等。
本发明的方法原则上也可以用多元羧酸来进行反应。这时,根据所选用的反应条件,包括所用反应物的摩尔比,能够得到所需要的不同的产物。如果按照本发明的方法把一种烷羧酸与1,3-丁二烯反应,即可形成对称的或混合的酸酐。
本发明也有关于在液相中存在有一种含羟基的化合物,以及存在有一种催化剂体系的条件下,把共轭双烯选择性地羰基化所用的一些催化剂体系,它们是由下列几种物质组合制成的:
(a)钯或它的一种化合物,
(b)一种具有下列通式的有机磷衍生物:
其中R1代表被一个或多个吸电子基团取代的芳基,R2和R3各自代表被一个或多个吸电子基团任意取代的芳基,Q代表磷、锑或砷,
(c)一种pka值<4的取代的苯甲酸。
根据本发明所用的催化剂体系中最好含有一种被一个或多个吸电子基团取代的苯甲酸,并且/或这些取代基形成一个更大的稠合芳香环系的一部分。这类取代的苯甲酸的典型实例有:邻-氯苯甲酸、间-氯苯甲酸、对-氯苯甲酸、2,6-二氯苯甲酸、邻-羟基苯甲酸、邻-甲氧基苯甲酸、邻-溴苯甲酸和9-蒽甲酸。在这些酸中最优选的是2,6-二氯苯甲酸和9-蒽甲酸。
优选的催化剂体系是那些含有有机膦,而且其中的苯基上被囟素、一、二或三囟甲基所取代的体系。
特别是那些含有三(间氯苯基)膦、三(对氯苯基)膦和三(间-三氟甲基苯基)膦的催化剂体系。
本发明的催化剂体系也可包含二齿的有机膦化合物和单齿的有机膦化合物。
在一个经优选的催化剂体系中、醋酸钯被用作催化剂组分。
有机磷、砷、锑化合物与钯的摩尔比不是关键性的,可以在很宽的范围内变化。最好是,每克原子钯用2至20摩尔的有机膦化合物。每当量取
代的苯甲酸所用的有机膦化合物的当量数也不是关键性的,可以在很宽的范围内变化。每当量有机膦化合物,用0.1至10当量取代的苯甲酸是合适的。
一般,希望催化剂体系中含有一种惰性溶剂,任何一种惰性溶剂均可用于这一目的。
现在将用下面的实施例来对本发明进行说明。这些实施例所叙述的方法中所形成的戊烯酸酯中,有90%以上是3-(顺式或反式)戊烯酸酯。
实施例1
在250毫升容积的、装有磁搅拌器的HastelloyR高压釜中(右上角的R表示Hastelloy是该商品高压釜的注册商标),依次加入15毫升乙醇、40毫升二苯醚、1毫摩尔醋酸钯、6毫摩尔三(间-氯苯基)膦以及20毫摩尔2,6-二氯苯甲酸。将高压釜抽真空,然后加入丁二烯(8毫升)和一氧化碳,使初始的压力达到30巴。关紧高压釜,加热至135℃。反应3小时后用气-液色谱分析高压釜内的成分。丁二烯转化为戊烯酸酯的选择性为95%,而戊烯酸酯的收率是原料丁二烯量的85%,其中90%以上是由3-(顺式和反式)戊烯酸乙酯所组成。用与上述方法基本相同的条件做一个比较实验,只是用2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸(20毫摩尔)代替2,6-二氯苯甲酸作为催化剂组分,反应5小时后,丁二烯转化为戊烯酸酯的选择性为50%(由于形成了壬二烯酸酯),戊烯酸酯的收率基于原料丁二烯计算为10%,这清楚地表明了按照本发明的方法,所用的质子酸的专一性。同样的效果也可以由下述的一个比较实验中显示出来:用基本相似的反应条件,只是用未取代的三苯基膦(6毫摩尔)来代替三(间-氯苯基)膦作催化剂组分,用甲醇(10毫升)代替乙醇,仍用2,6-二氯苯甲酸(20毫摩尔)作为助催化剂的酸,反应5小时后,丁二烯转化为戊烯酸酯的选择性小于50%,基
于原料丁二烯计算的戊烯酸酯的收率为10%。
实施例2
用基本与实施例1中所说的相同的方法,用下述催化剂体系进行实验:醋酸钯(1毫摩尔)、三(对-氯苯基)膦(8毫摩尔)、2,6-二氯苯甲酸(7.5毫摩尔)和15毫升乙醇;反应温度125℃,反应时间2.5小时。在这实验中初始的一氧化碳压力为60巴,丁二烯起始量为17毫升。结果丁二烯转化为戊烯酸酯的选择性为95%,而基于丁二烯用量计算的戊烯酸酯的收率为48%。
实施例3
用基本与实施例1中所说的相同的方法,用下述催化剂体系进行实验:醋酸钯(1毫摩尔)、三(间-氯苯基)膦(6毫摩尔),9-蒽甲酸(20毫摩尔);反应温度135℃,反应时间5小时。丁二烯转化为戊烯酸酯的选择性为90%,基于丁二烯用量计算的戊烯酸酯的收率为70%。为了比较,仍用基本与实施例1中所说的相同的方法进行实验,但在催化剂体系中不用羧酸;结果在155℃反应5小时后,按戊烯酸酯计算的选择性为90%,但基于丁二烯用量计算的戊烯酸酯的收率却只有25%。
实施例4
用基本与实施例1中所说的相同的方法,用下述催化剂体系进行实验:醋酸钯(1毫摩尔)、三(间-氯苯基)膦(4毫摩尔)、1,4-丁二基-双-二苯基膦(4毫摩尔)、2,6-二氯苯甲酸(20毫摩尔)以及10毫升甲醇;
Claims (12)
1、一些在液相中存在有一种含有羟基的化合物,以及存在有一种催化剂体系的条件下,能使共轭双烯选择性羰基化的催化剂体系,这些体系是由下面几种物质组合在一起而制备的:
(a)钯或它的一种化合物,
(b)具有下列通式的一种有机磷衍生物:
其中R1代表带有一个或多个吸电子取代基的芳基,R2和R3各自代表任意取代有一个或多个吸电子基团的芳基,Q代表磷,
(c)一种pka值<4的取代苯甲酸。
2、权利要求1的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们包含一种带有一个或多个吸电子取代基的苯甲酸,和/或这些取代基形成一个更大的稠合芳香环系的一部分。
3、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于所用的取代苯甲酸是邻-氯苯甲酸、间-氯苯甲酸、对-氯苯甲酸、2,6-二氯苯甲酸、邻-溴苯甲酸或9-蒽甲酸。
4、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于所用的取代苯甲酸是2,6-二氯苯甲酸或9-蒽甲酸。
5、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们包含有机膦化合物,其中的苯基带有卤素、一、二或三卤代甲基取代基。
6、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们包含三(间-氯苯基)膦、三(对-氯苯基)膦、和三(间-三氟甲基苯基)膦。
7、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们包含二齿的有机膦化合物和单齿的有机膦化合物。
8、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们包含醋酸钯。
9、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们中每克原子钯含有2至20摩尔的有机膦化合物。
10、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于相对于每当量有机膦化合物,含有0.1至10当量的取代苯甲酸。
11、权利要求1或2的催化剂体系,其特征在于它们包含一种惰性溶剂。
12、权利要求1-11的催化剂体系在共轭双烯选择性羰基化方法中的应用。
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CN (1) | CN1023218C (zh) |
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KR880007418A (ko) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-08-27 | 오노 알버어스 | 공역 디엔의 선택적 카르보닐화 방법 및 이를 위한 유기 질소-함유 열기를 갖지 않는 촉매 시스템 |
JPH04504267A (ja) * | 1989-12-29 | 1992-07-30 | ザ・ダウ・ケミカル・カンパニー | 共役ジエンの連続的テロメリゼーション法 |
US5166411A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1992-11-24 | Shell Oil Company | Carbonylation catalyst system |
US5026901A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-06-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Palladium catalyzed carboalkoxylation of butadiene |
GB9111583D0 (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1991-07-24 | Shell Int Research | Carbonylation catalyst system |
US5258546A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1993-11-02 | Shell Oil Company | Carbonylation catalyst system |
SG49630A1 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1998-06-15 | Shell Int Research | Carbonylation process using palladium phosphine catalyst |
EP0577205B1 (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1997-10-08 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Carbonylation of conjugated dienes |
US5350876A (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-09-27 | Shell Oil Company | Carbonylation of conjugated dienes |
KR960031420A (ko) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-09-17 | 미키엘 크램윈켈. | 부티디엔 또는 부타디엔 유도체의 카르보닐화 방법 |
US5495041A (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-02-27 | Dsm N.W. | Process for the preparation of a pentenoate ester |
DE19510324A1 (de) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-Pentensäureestern durch Carbonylierung von Alkoxybutenen |
US5962680A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-10-05 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Processes for producing epsilon caprolactams |
US5886236A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-03-23 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for producing aldehyde acid salts |
US5925754A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-07-20 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Epsilon caprolactam compositions |
US6049005A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2000-04-11 | Dsm N.V. | Process to prepare a pentenoic acid anhydride |
US6010975A (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2000-01-04 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Catalyst composition for preparing 3-pentenoic ester from butadiene |
TW524801B (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2003-03-21 | Shell Int Research | Process for the carbonylation of conjugated dienes |
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US3887595A (en) * | 1973-03-05 | 1975-06-03 | Shell Oil Co | Carbonylation process |
US4243829A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1981-01-06 | Charles U. Pittman, Jr. | Production of 1,7-octadiene from butadiene |
US4172087A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1979-10-23 | Texaco Development Corporation | Process for preparing unsaturated aliphatic esters from aliphatic dienes |
FR2450802A1 (fr) * | 1979-03-07 | 1980-10-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de fabrication d'acetate d'allyle par oxydation du propylene |
US4292437A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-09-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of isobutyric acid and esters |
GB2058074B (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1983-10-12 | Secr Defence | Palladium complexes |
US4582817A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1986-04-15 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Process for the preparation of alkyl nonadienoate esters |
US4471067A (en) * | 1981-11-09 | 1984-09-11 | Celanese Corporation | Dimeric carbonylation of 1,3-alkadiene |
US4501822A (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1985-02-26 | Celanese Corporation | Hydroesterification of 1-alkene |
GB8501919D0 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1985-02-27 | Shell Int Research | Carbonylation of allenically unsaturated compounds |
GB8509641D0 (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1985-05-22 | Shell Int Research | Carboxylic di-esters/acids |
-
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AU593413B2 (en) | 1990-02-08 |
JP2739644B2 (ja) | 1998-04-15 |
KR880007427A (ko) | 1988-08-27 |
DE3772344D1 (de) | 1991-09-26 |
CN87107284A (zh) | 1988-06-15 |
US4824817A (en) | 1989-04-25 |
EP0271145A2 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
AU8206787A (en) | 1988-06-09 |
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