CN104478550B - It is a kind of suitable for tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix of tomato seedling and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
It is a kind of suitable for tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix of tomato seedling and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104478550B CN104478550B CN201410641189.2A CN201410641189A CN104478550B CN 104478550 B CN104478550 B CN 104478550B CN 201410641189 A CN201410641189 A CN 201410641189A CN 104478550 B CN104478550 B CN 104478550B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention disclose it is a kind of suitable for tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix of tomato seedling and preparation method thereof, based on volumn concentration, the matrix include following components:Tea grounds earthworm excrement 20%~40%, perlite 10%~30%, vermiculite 10%~30%, peat 20%~40%;Described tea grounds earthworm excrement is to digest formed earthworm excrement through earthworm using tea grounds and cow dung as earthworm culture matrix.The present invention has broken traditional pattern with single pure cow dung breeding earthworm, realizes the Vermicomposting rationally compounded with cow dung and tea grounds, improves the nutrient content of earthworm excrement.With this earthworm excrement as tomato seedling substrate, status of the peat on traditional cultivation technique without soil is largely weakened.The compounding mode of tomato seedling substrate is further optimized, the quality of tomato seedling is improved, that tea grounds has been opened up while adding economic benefit reuses approach.The new method that earthworm is raised using tea grounds is opened, the approach of vermiculture and the production of earthworm excrement is added.
Description
Technical field
Discarded and recycling field the invention belongs to biological treatment cultural solid, and in particular to one kind is applied to tomato
Tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix of nursery and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Tomato, also known as tomato, are that one of fruit and vegetable the most universal are cultivated in the whole world, research shows different seedling mediums
Significantly affecting the situation of growing of tomato seedling, therefore screen suitable raw material is used to prepare tomato seedling substrate, is gardening
One of research topic of worker.
As what intensive agriculture was produced quickly propels and urban modernization construction, agricultural wastes and municipal solid waste
Thing accumulation is more and more, and then generates more serious environmental problem and problem of resource waste.In China, as tea beverage is produced
The fast development of industry, a large amount of accumulation of tea grounds cause harm to ecological environment.In discarded tea grounds, still remain more
Nutritional ingredient.Tea grounds by extraction still remains 1%~2% Tea Polyphenols, 0.1%~0.3% caffeine, 17%~
The content of lysine and methionine is respectively 1.5%~2% in 19% crude protein, 16%~18% crude fibre, amino acid
With 0.5%~0.7%, nitrogen 4.16%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.43%, potassium oxide 1.44%, organic carbon 28.11%, C/N ratios
6.19, there is higher potential value.
It is the current important thinking for solving utilization of waste as resource using biological treatment solid waste, can be by money
Source improves product quality using endless-chain is increased in link, improves added value.Handled using the vital movement of earthworm organic
Solid waste is a biotechnology efficiently, economic, and organic waste is by the digestive system of earthworm, in protease, fat
It in the presence of fat enzyme, cellulase, amylase, can rapidly decompose, transform into the nutrients that itself or other biological are easy to utilize
Matter, i.e. earthworm can decompose material synthesising biological albumen and a variety of nutriments in excrement, be utilized by the mankind, not only with ring
Support value value, and with economic value.
Numerous studies show, nursery is carried out using wormcast as seedling medium, and seedling quality will be substantially better than turf and answer
Matrix is closed, the emergence rate of seed had both been improved, and had improved seedling leaves chlorophyll content and Net Photosynthetic Rate, seedling is promoted again
Grow, compared with the control, plant height, stem are thick, complete stool dry weight, seedling vigorous index have different degrees of increase.Therefore, it is recommended that
The higher turf of wormcast fictitious hosts is as the key component of Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings matrix, and not only hole plate seedling growth cost is significantly
Reduce and substantially increase the strong sprout ratio of seedling.Wormcast carries out industrialization development as the main composition of seedling medium,
Good economic benefit and social benefit will be obtained, this is for promoting China's Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings and vegetables production to produce
Active influence.
Earthworm excrement source traditional at present is all to digest to form through earthworm by initial material of pure cow dung, currently as nursery base
Matter is mainly compounded the earthworm excrement of composition and also raised with pure cow dung based on the earthworm excrement obtained by earthworm.But the limited source of cow dung, comform
Many agricultural wastes and municipal solid wastes screen new earthworm breeding material, obtain the different wormcast of nutritional ingredient and carry out
Recycle, prepare and carry out tomato seedling suitable for the matrix of tomato seedling, expand agricultural wastes and municipal solid wastes resource
It is the technical problem for being currently needed for solving to change the scope utilized.
The content of the invention
Compounded it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of earthworm excrement for raising earthworm acquisition by the use of tea grounds as primary raw material
Tomato seedling substrate and preparation method thereof, widens the raw material sources of tomato seedling, reduces tomato production cost, realizes waste resource
Multi-class propagation.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix suitable for tomato seedling, based on volumn concentration, the matrix is included with the following group
Point:Tea grounds earthworm excrement 20%~40%, perlite 10%~30%, vermiculite 10%~30%, peat 20%~40%;Described tea
Slag earthworm excrement is to digest formed earthworm excrement through earthworm using tea grounds and cow dung as earthworm culture matrix.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme, the volume ratio of the tea grounds and cow dung is 1:2~4.
Still more preferably, the volume ratio of the tea grounds and cow dung is 1:3.
It is preferred that, the content of each component is tea grounds earthworm excrement 20%~40%, perlite 20%, vermiculite in the matrix
20%th, peat 20%~40%.
Above-mentioned tea grounds earthworm excrement is prepared using following methods:By the tea grounds compounded in proportion and cow dung (tea grounds and ox
The water content of excrement be 60%~80%) pre- heap corruption banked up after 4~10 days as earthworm culture matrix in fermenting case, access earthworm
And carry out heap corruption in earthworm culture matrix top layer laying straw;Temperature and appropriateness during controlling earthworm culture matrix heap rotten,
Turning is once weekly;After digestion is earthworm excrement to earthworm culture matrix completely, earthworm excrement and earthworm separation are obtained into tea grounds earthworm excrement.Earthworm excrement
Heart method can be removed using rossing with the separation method of earthworm.
Temperature during above-mentioned heap is rotten is that 20~30, DEG C humidity is 60%~70%, and turning is once weekly.
The above-mentioned heap rotten time is 30~40 days.
The inoculum concentration of described earthworm is the 3 ‰ of earthworm culture matrix quality.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned tea grounds earthworm excrement suitable for tomato seedling, is comprised the steps of:
(1) tea grounds earthworm excrement is prepared:By the tea grounds compounded in proportion and cow dung, (water content of the tea grounds and cow dung is 60%
~80%) pre- heap corruption banked up after 4~10 days as earthworm culture matrix in fermenting case, access earthworm and in earthworm culture matrix
It is rotten that top layer laying straw carries out heap;Temperature and humidity during controlling earthworm culture matrix heap rotten, turning is once weekly;Work as earthworm
Earthworm culture matrix digests that after earthworm excrement, earthworm excrement and earthworm separation are obtained into tea grounds earthworm excrement completely;
(2) the tea grounds earthworm excrement in proportion preparing step (1) is well mixed with perlite, vermiculite, peat.
Above-mentioned method, it is that the volume ratio of the tea grounds and cow dung is 1:2~4.
In above-mentioned matrix, addition of the tea grounds earthworm excrement in matrix significantly affects the effect of matrix tomato seedling.
In the preparation process of above-mentioned tea grounds earthworm excrement, the proportioning of tea grounds and cow dung significantly affects the growing state and tea grounds of earthworm
The quality of earthworm excrement.
It is demonstrated experimentally that the effect of tomato seedling is most when tea grounds earthworm excrement accounts for volumn concentration 20%~40% in matrix
It is good.The proportioning of tea grounds and cow dung is volume ratio 1:2~4, especially volume ratio 1:The growing state of earthworm and tea grounds earthworm excrement when 3
Quality is optimal.
Present invention research and development utilize tea grounds and cow dung by volume 1:Digested after 2~4 ratios compounding through earthworm
Tea grounds earthworm excrement is that primary raw material prepares tomato seedling substrate, determines the production technology of tomato seedling substrate, and utilize this matrix pair
Tomato carries out nursery, realizes 3 innovations:
1st, the present invention has broken traditional pattern with single pure cow dung breeding earthworm, and it is reasonable with cow dung and tea grounds to realize
The Vermicomposting of compounding, improves the nutrient content of earthworm excrement.
2nd, peat is largely weakened on traditional cultivation technique without soil as tomato seedling substrate with this earthworm excrement
Status.
3rd, the compounding mode of tomato seedling substrate is further optimized, the quality of tomato seedling is improved, adds economy
That tea grounds has been opened up while benefit reuses approach.
4th, the new method that earthworm is raised using tea grounds is opened, the approach of vermiculture and the production of earthworm excrement is added.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. enriching the raw material sources of tomato seedling substrate, have actively for the stabilizing for peat price increasingly gone up
Effect;
2. in tomato seedling substrate production, the earthworm excrement of material production based on rationally being compounded using cow dung and tea grounds, for
The use of peat is reduced, preserving the ecological environment has certain effect.
3. tomato is cultivated with the matrix, compared with peat growing medium:Production cost is greatly reduced, part is substituted using earthworm excrement
Peat cultivates tomato, and every cube is saved 80~120 yuan, and the nutrient content of matrix is greatly improved.
4. the present invention has not only widened the innoxious processing method of tea grounds, a kind of side of new breeding earthworm has more been opened up
Method, realizes the Multi-class propagation of waste resource, reduces environmental pollution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the compounding flow of tea grounds earthworm excrement seedling medium.
Embodiment
First, tea grounds earthworm excrement is prepared
The compounding flow of tea grounds earthworm excrement seedling medium as shown in Figure 1, by by the tea grounds of the volume ratio compounding in table 1 and cow dung
After (water content of the tea grounds and cow dung be 60%~80%) pre- heap is rotten 7 days fermenting case is banked up as earthworm culture matrix
In, access earthworm and the thick straw progress heap corruption of 2~3cm is laid on earthworm culture matrix top layer;Control earthworm culture matrix heap
Temperature and humidity during corruption, turning is once weekly;After digestion is earthworm excrement to earthworm culture matrix completely, the heart is removed using rossing
Earthworm excrement and earthworm separation are obtained tea grounds earthworm excrement by method.Temperature during the heap is rotten is 25 ± 3 DEG C, humidity be 64%~
68%.The heap rotten time is 35 days.The inoculum concentration of earthworm is the 3 ‰ of earthworm culture matrix quality.By in the rotten process of heap
In earthworm growing state filter out the matrix formulations of suitable earthworm growth.
The tea grounds of table 1 and the volume ratio of cow dung
Processing | Tea grounds and the volume ratio of cow dung |
Comparative example 1 | 1:0 (pure tea grounds) |
Embodiment 1 | 2:1 |
Embodiment 2 | 3:1 |
Embodiment 3 | 4:1 |
Embodiment 4 | 1:1 |
Embodiment 5 | 1:2 |
Embodiment 6 | 1:3 |
Embodiment 7 | 1:4 |
Comparative example 2 | 0:1 (pure cow dung) |
Note:Tea grounds and cow dung in above volume ratio are fresh material.
Earthworm excrement earthworm upgrowth situation prepared by tea grounds earthworm excrement, the comparative example 1~2 of the embodiment 1~7 of table 2 preparation
By the upgrowth situation discovery of earthworm dunghill earthworm during rotten, tea grounds and cow dung volume ratio are 4:1~1:Meeting between 1
Significantly reduce earthworm day proliferation times and daily output cocoon number.Tea grounds and cow dung volume ratio are 1:Growth tendency is optimal between 2~4,
Wherein, tea grounds and cow dung by volume 1:Formed earthworm excrement is digested through earthworm after 3 ratio compounding, effect is best.
2nd, the tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix of tomato seedling is prepared
The tea grounds earthworm excrement prepared using embodiment 5,6,7 is formulated for the matrix of tomato seedling, using the normal of market sale
Rule matrix (CK) and the tomato seedling substrate prepared using commercially available pure cow dung earthworm excrement are compared, to show tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix
Advantage in tomato seedling.
The tea grounds earthworm excrement prepared using embodiment 5,6,7 coordinates peat, perlite and vermiculite to prepare tomato seedling substrate
Compound scheme (volume ratio):
Embodiment 8:20% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:3), 40% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 9:30% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:3), 30% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 10:40% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:3), 20% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 11:20% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:2), 40% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 12:30% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:2), 30% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 13:40% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:2), 20% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 14:20% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:4), 40% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 15:30% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:4), 30% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Embodiment 16:40% tea grounds earthworm excrement (tea grounds:Cow dung=1:4), 20% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Comparative example 3:20% cow dung earthworm excrement, 40% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Comparative example 4:30% cow dung earthworm excrement, 30% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
Comparative example 5:40% cow dung earthworm excrement, 20% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite;
CK:60% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite (Shandong Shouguang seedling medium)
The embodiment 8~16 of table 3, comparative example 3~5 and blank control seedling medium physicochemical character
Processing | PH | EC | Organic matter % | N% | P2O5% | K2O% | Total pore space % | Ventilating slit % |
Embodiment 8 | 6.21 | 0.46 | 29.63 | 1.25 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 64.3 | 16.7 |
Embodiment 9 | 6.35 | 1.02 | 30.38 | 1.36 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 65.2 | 16.5 |
Embodiment 10 | 6.54 | 1.31 | 31.27 | 1.45 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 67.7 | 16.3 |
Embodiment 11 | 6.36 | 0.84 | 30.56 | 1.35 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 66.4 | 16.8 |
Embodiment 12 | 6.42 | 1.14 | 31.43 | 1.42 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 67.5 | 16.9 |
Embodiment 13 | 6.61 | 1.47 | 33.25 | 1.52 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 68.7 | 17.1 |
Embodiment 14 | 6.12 | 0.32 | 28.25 | 1.12 | 1.02 | 0.92 | 63.2 | 16.4 |
Embodiment 15 | 6.25 | 0.95 | 29.78 | 1.28 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 64.5 | 16.6 |
Embodiment 16 | 6.41 | 1.04 | 30.12 | 1.34 | 1.21 | 1.16 | 65.1 | 16.7 |
Comparative example 3 | 6.37 | 0.78 | 28.78 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 1.06 | 65.9 | 15.1 |
Comparative example 4 | 6.40 | 1.10 | 31.51 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 1.18 | 65.6 | 16.9 |
Comparative example 5 | 7.01 | 1.43 | 30.82 | 0.89 | 1.08 | 1.28 | 64.8 | 16.6 |
CK | 5.62 | 1.83 | 31.15 | 1.39 | 0.48 | 0.58 | 65.9 | 12.3 |
The embodiment 5~16 of table 4, comparative example 3~5 and blank control matrix carry out tomato seedling tomato seedling botany
Shape
Note:Data above is in terms of butt.
From the above, it can be seen that tea grounds earthworm excrement seedling medium can significantly improve children compared with the seedling medium of market sale
The quality of seedling is not notable with conventional pure cow dung earthworm excrement nursery quality discrepancy.Illustrate the earthworm that the present invention is prepared using tea grounds and cow dung
The growth for not only significantly promoting tomato seedling for the seedling medium that excrement is compounded, while also opening a kind of new breeding earthworm
Method, opened up the utilization ways of tea grounds.
Described above is only the preferred compounding mode of the present invention, it should be pointed out that:For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix suitable for tomato seedling, it is characterised in that based on volumn concentration, the matrix bag
Containing following components:Tea grounds earthworm excrement 20% ~ 40%, perlite 20%, vermiculite 20%, peat 20% ~ 40%;Described tea grounds earthworm excrement is with tea
Slag and cow dung digest formed earthworm excrement as earthworm culture matrix through earthworm;The volume ratio of the tea grounds and cow dung is 1:3;It is described
Tea grounds earthworm excrement using following methods prepare:The tea grounds compounded in proportion and the pre- heap corruption of cow dung are cultivated as earthworm after 4 ~ 10 days
Matrix is banked up in fermenting case, is accessed earthworm and is carried out heap corruption, the tea grounds and ox in earthworm culture matrix top layer laying straw
The water content of excrement is 60% ~ 80%;Temperature and humidity during controlling earthworm culture matrix heap rotten, turning is once weekly;Work as earthworm
Earthworm culture matrix digests that after earthworm excrement, earthworm excrement and earthworm separation are obtained into tea grounds earthworm excrement completely;Temperature during the heap is rotten
It is 60% ~ 70% for 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity.
2. the tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix according to claim 1 suitable for tomato seedling, it is characterised in that the heap it is rotten when
Between be 30 ~ 40 days.
3. the tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix according to claim 1 suitable for tomato seedling, it is characterised in that described earthworm
Inoculum concentration is the 3 ‰ of earthworm culture matrix quality.
4. the preparation method of the tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix suitable for tomato seedling described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprising with
Lower step:
(1)Prepare tea grounds earthworm excrement:The volume ratio of tea grounds and cow dung is 1:3, by the tea grounds compounded in proportion and the pre- heap corruption 4 of cow dung ~
Banked up after 10 days as earthworm culture matrix in fermenting case, access earthworm and carried out in earthworm culture matrix top layer laying straw
Heap is rotten, and the water content of the tea grounds and cow dung is 60% ~ 80%;Temperature and humidity during controlling earthworm culture matrix heap rotten,
Turning is once weekly;After digestion is earthworm excrement to earthworm culture matrix completely, earthworm excrement and earthworm separation are obtained into tea grounds earthworm excrement;
(2)In proportion by step(1)The tea grounds earthworm excrement of preparation is well mixed with perlite, vermiculite, peat.
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