CN106882989B

CN106882989B - Method for treating garden waste by using earthworms and prepared culture medium

Info

Publication number: CN106882989B
Application number: CN201710076822.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李素艳; 龚小强; 蔡琳琳; 孙向阳; 于鑫
Original assignee: Beijing Forestry University
Current assignee: Beijing Forestry University
Priority date: 2017-02-13
Filing date: 2017-02-13
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-13
Also published as: CN106882989A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating garden waste by earthworms and a prepared plant culture medium. The invention can treat garden waste by composting to form a composting product, thereby promoting the resource utilization of garden waste. In the process of composting garden wastes, the method can accelerate the degradation rate of the garden wastes and increase the growth rate and the propagation rate of earthworms, and the decomposed product obtained by the garden waste treatment method has balanced nutrients, high nutrient content, reasonable structure and stable physical properties, and can improve the survival rate and the ornamental effect of flower plant cultivation by being prepared into a flower plant cultivation medium.

Description

Method for treating garden waste by using earthworms and prepared culture medium

Technical Field

The invention relates to a garden waste treatment method, in particular to a method for treating garden waste by earthworm composting.

Background

With the increasing of national economy of China, the urban greening construction is rapidly developed, and the production of garden wastes such as dead branches and fallen leaves, branch trimmings, shrub trimmings, lawn trimmings, residual flowers and the like is also increased rapidly. In the landscaping, the ecological environment is improved, and the waste generated by the landscaping is consumed as an urgent problem to be solved. The resource treatment rate of the incineration and landfill treatment mode is low, and a large amount of landscaping waste is discharged into the environment through an incorrect mode, so that precious land resources are occupied, and pollution to the atmosphere, water and soil can be caused. At present, landscaping waste treatment not only influences the personal health of residents and the construction of ecological cities, but also becomes a great problem in the landscaping industry.

The garden waste composting treatment refers to that garden waste is directly naturally composted to generate clean organic substances which can be used as organic fertilizer of agriculture and forestry soil or used as soilless culture medium for replacing peat. However, the traditional composting method generates unpleasant odor during the composting process, and the properties of the composting product are easy to change; and because the garden waste contains a large amount of lignocellulose which is difficult to degrade, the compost material utilization rate is low, the composting period is long, and the efficiency is low. How to make garden waste compost efficient, resource and harmless is a problem which is increasingly concerned by people.

Earthworm compost is used for converting substances containing fibers into beneficial humus by utilizing the action of earthworms and microorganisms. The earthworm has the characteristic of wide edible property, and the digestive tract of the earthworm can secrete protease, lipase, cellulase, chitinase and amylase, and has stronger decomposition effect on most organic wastes. After the organic matter is swallowed by the earthworms, a small part of the organic matter is directly assimilated and utilized, and most of the organic matter is discharged in particles after being decomposed and extruded to form the granular organic earthworm cast which has good physical properties. The earthworm contains a large amount of fatty acid, nucleic acid and free amino acid of derivatives thereof, and trace elements of phosphorus, calcium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper and various vitamins, and is an excellent protein resource. In the actual environment, the earthworm survival and aggregation degree is low, and the swallowing treatment effect on organic wastes is not obvious; the method for treating garden waste by earthworm composting is characterized in that the garden waste contains a large amount of lignin and cellulose which are difficult to degrade, and the direct treatment is found in research, so that the problems of low survival rate, slow growth, low reproduction efficiency, low composting efficiency and the like of earthworms in the composting process often exist. Therefore, the search for improving the composting environment, improving the growth and reproduction of earthworms, accelerating the composting efficiency and improving the composting quality becomes a key for promoting the application of the earthworm composting technology in the treatment of landscaping wastes.

The earthworm compost is a biological treatment process for biologically oxidizing and converting organic solid wastes to form products rich in humus and nutrient elements under the synergistic action of earthworms and microorganisms under the aerobic condition at normal temperature. Although earthworm composting is the most promising technology for treating organic solid waste at present, landscaping waste contains a large amount of lignin and cellulose which are difficult to degrade, and the problems of low survival rate, slow growth, low reproduction rate, low composting efficiency and the like of earthworms in the composting process often exist. Therefore, finding a composting way capable of improving the composting environment and improving the growth and reproduction of earthworms becomes a key for promoting the application of the earthworm composting technology in landscaping waste treatment.

Many factors can affect the earthworm composting process, including starting feed, material particle size, earthworm density, composting period, microorganisms, exogenous additives, and the like. The prior patent utilizes earthworm composting to treat agricultural organic wastes, such as cow dung, traditional Chinese medicine residues, corn straws and the like; however, no one has studied to treat garden waste by earthworms.

Therefore, the method screens the stockpile particle size, earthworm varieties, raw materials C/N, earthworm density, composting period and exogenous additives in proportion of cow dung by using earthworms to treat garden waste to obtain the optimal treatment parameters and method, and the product can be used for substrate cultivation of nursery stocks and flowers (such as geranium flowers).

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the aspect is to provide a method for treating garden waste, aiming at the technical problem existing in the existing process of utilizing garden waste compost. In the process of composting the garden waste, the method can accelerate the degradation rate of the garden waste, has short composting and fermenting time and high composting efficiency, can increase the growth rate and the reproduction rate of the earthworms, and the decomposed product obtained by the garden waste treatment method has balanced nutrients, high nutrient content, reasonable structure and stable physical properties, can be prepared into fertilizer or used as a flower plant culture medium, and improves the survival rate and the ornamental effect of the flower plant culture.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a treatment method of garden waste, which comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out aerobic composting treatment and earthworm-assisted composting treatment on the garden waste.

Wherein the garden waste is selected from dead branches and fallen leaves, branch trimmings, shrub trimmings, lawn trimmings, residual flowers and the like.

In particular, the aerobic composting is carried out according to the following steps:

a) adjusting the C/N ratio of the garden waste to 25-35: 1;

b) adding water, and mixing uniformly to make the water content of the waste reach 65-70%;

c) piling the waste into a fermentation pile, and carrying out piling fermentation treatment, wherein pile turning treatment is carried out every 3-4 days in the process of piling fermentation treatment, and the water content of the pile is adjusted to 65% -70%.

In particular, the C/N ratio of the garden waste is adjusted to 25-28 in the step a): 1.

particularly, the method also comprises a step a1) of uniformly mixing the garden waste and the cow dung and then adjusting the C/N ratio of the waste to be 25-35: 1, preferably 25-28: 1.

Particularly, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the garden waste is 0-20: 80-100, preferably 15-20: 80-85.

wherein, in the step a), urea is added into the waste to regulate the C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio) of the waste to be 25-35: 1, preferably 25-28: 1.

In particular, the time for the heap fermentation treatment in step c) is 14 to 28 days, preferably 18 to 24 days, and more preferably 21 days.

Particularly, the aerobic composting fermentation treatment is carried out until the temperature of the compost is reduced by 20-25 ℃, and the aerobic composting treatment is stopped. The death temperature of the Eisenia foetida is about 40 ℃, the growth temperature of the earthworms is within the range of 5-30 ℃, and the suitable temperature is about 20-25 ℃).

The earthworm assisted composting treatment comprises the following steps in sequence:

A) adding a first compost modifier into the material after aerobic composting treatment, and uniformly stirring to prepare a first earthworm fermented material;

B) supplementing water to the first earthworm fermentation material, adjusting the water content of the first earthworm fermentation material to 65-70%, inoculating earthworms, stacking into a fermentation stack, and performing earthworm-assisted fermentation treatment;

C) adding a second compost modifier into the fermentation heap on the 29 th to 31 th days after the earthworms are inoculated, and uniformly stirring to prepare a second earthworm fermentation material;

D) supplementing water to the second earthworm fermentation material, and stacking the second earthworm fermentation material into a fermentation stack after adjusting the water content of the second earthworm fermentation material to 65-70%, wherein the C/N ratio of the stack material is less than or equal to 20, and the germination index is greater than or equal to 80%.

The first compost modifier in the step A) comprises an exogenous additive and an exogenous microbial agent, wherein the exogenous additive is alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme; the exogenous microbial agent is azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and chamotte culture solution.

Particularly, the addition amount of the alkyl glycoside is 1-2g of the alkyl glycoside added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste; the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste.

Particularly, alkyl glycoside is mixed with water to prepare an alkyl glycoside solution, and then the alkyl glycoside solution is sprayed to the material after aerobic composting treatment, wherein the mass percent concentration of the alkyl glycoside solution is 1%.

Wherein the addition amount of the azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 0-20ml, preferably 10-20ml, of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste; the adding amount of the chameleon culture solution is 0-20ml, preferably 10-20ml, added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste.

In particular, the concentration of the microorganisms in the azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 1 × 10⁵CFU/ml; the concentration of the microorganisms in the chamotte fungus culture solution is 1 × 10⁸CFU/ml。

The azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is prepared by the following method: inoculating azotobacter chroococcum into 250mL azotobacter culture medium, shake culturing at 30 deg.C and 170rpm, culturing for 5d, measuring the microbial concentration of the culture solution, and adjusting the concentration to 1 × 10 with sterile azotobacter culture medium⁵CFU/ml。

In particular, the nitrogen fixation medium is: yeast extract, 0.5 g; mannitol, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄，0.2g；K₂HPO₄,1.0g；MgSO₄·7H₂O，0.2g；CaSO₄·2H₂O，0.2g；Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, 0.005 g; agar, 15.0 g; 1.0L of distilled water; the pH was adjusted to 7.2.

The trametes versicolor is prepared by the following method: inoculating trametes versicolor into 250mL of complex culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C and 170rpm in a shaking incubator for 5d, measuring the microbial concentration of the culture solution, and adjusting the concentration to 1 × 10 with sterile complex culture medium⁸CFU/ml；

In particular, the complex medium is: distilled water, 1L; peeled potato, 200 g; glucose, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄,3.0g；MgSO₄·7H₂O,1.5 g; vitamins and trace; the pH was adjusted to 7.0.

Wherein, the earthworms inoculated in the step B) are selected from Eiseniafetida (Eiseniafetida) earthworms or Williams loop earthworms (Phenetima guilleimi).

In particular, the earthworm is Eiseniafetida (Eiseniafetida) earthworm with reproductive ring or Williams' loop earthworm (Phenetima guillellemi)

Particularly, the inoculation amount of the earthworms is that 40-80 earthworms are inoculated in 1kg of garden waste.

Particularly, the earthworms are turned and piled once every 9 to 10 days in the auxiliary fermentation treatment process of the earthworms, and preferably turned and piled once every 10 days.

Wherein, the second compost improver in the step C) comprises an exogenous additive and an exogenous microbial agent, wherein the exogenous additive is alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme; the exogenous microbial agent is azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and chamotte culture solution.

Particularly, the addition amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside in the second compost improver is 1-2g of alkyl glycoside added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste; the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste.

Wherein the second compost improver is added with 0-20ml of exogenous microbial inoculum and preferably 10-20ml of round brown azotobacter culture solution in each 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste; the adding amount of trametes versicolor is 0-20ml, preferably 10-20ml, per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste.

Particularly, the concentration of the microorganisms in the azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 1x10⁵CFU/ml; the concentration of the microorganisms in the chameleon culture solution is 1x10⁸CFU/ml；

In particular, the second compost improving agent is added to the fermentation heap at day 30 of the earthworm inoculation in step C).

Particularly, the pile turning treatment is carried out once every 9 to 10 days, preferably once every 10 days in the fermentation treatment process in the step D).

Particularly, the water content of the heap fermentation material is controlled to be 65-70% in the process of heap fermentation treatment.

In particular, in the step D), the earthworms are fermented for 60 days until the stockpile is thoroughly decomposed (smell: odour of moist soil; color: black brown or black; germination index: greater than 80%; C/N: <20), the fermentation treatment is stopped.

The invention also provides a treatment method of garden waste, which comprises the following steps in sequence:

1) uniformly mixing the crushed garden waste with water, piling the mixture into a pile body, and performing aerobic composting fermentation treatment to prepare an aerobic composting material;

2) adding a first compost modifier into an aerobic compost material, uniformly mixing, inoculating earthworms, performing earthworm-assisted composting treatment, adding a second compost modifier into a fermented compost material at 29-31 days after the earthworms are inoculated in the assisted composting treatment process, and continuing composting fermentation until the C/N ratio of the compost material is less than or equal to 20 and the germination index is more than or equal to 80%.

Wherein, the particle size of the garden waste crushed in the step 1) is 0.2-2.0 cm, preferably 0.2-0.8 cm, and more preferably 0.5 cm.

Particularly, the water content of the mixed material obtained by mixing the crushed garden waste and water is 65-70%.

Wherein, the aerobic composting fermentation treatment time is 14 to 28 days, preferably 18 to 24 days, and more preferably 21 days.

Particularly, in the aerobic compost fermentation treatment process, the pile is turned once every 3 to 4 days.

Particularly, the method also comprises the step 1a) of adding urea into the crushed garden waste to adjust the C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio) of the waste to be 25-35: after 1, mix with water.

In particular, the C/N (carbon to nitrogen ratio) is preferably 25 to 28: 1.

Wherein, the first compost modifier and the second compost modifier in the step 2) comprise exogenous additives and exogenous microbial agents, wherein the exogenous additives are alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme; the exogenous microbial agent is azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and chamotte culture solution.

Particularly, the addition amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside in the first compost improver and the second compost improver is 1-2g of alkyl glycoside added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste; the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste.

Particularly, the concentration of the microbes in the culture solution of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum in the first compost modifier and the second compost modifier is 1x10⁵CFU/ml, concentration of microorganism in chamotte culture medium is 1x10⁸CFU/ml；

Particularly, the adding amount of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution in the first compost modifier and the second compost modifier is 0-20ml, preferably 10-20ml, of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste; the adding amount of the chameleon culture solution is 0-20ml, preferably 10-20ml, of the chameleon culture solution added in 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste;

particularly, the azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is prepared by the following method: inoculating azotobacter chroococcum into 250mL azotobacter culture medium, shake culturing at 30 deg.C and 170rpm, culturing for 5d, measuring the microbial concentration of the culture solution, and adjusting the concentration to 1x10 with sterile azotobacter culture medium⁵CFU/ml。

In particular, the nitrogen fixation medium is: yeast extract, 0.5 g;mannitol, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄，0.2g；K₂HPO₄,1.0g；MgSO₄·7H2O，0.2g；CaSO₄·2H₂O，0.2g；Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, 0.005 g; agar, 15.0 g; 1.0L of distilled water; the pH was adjusted to 7.2.

The trametes versicolor is prepared by the following method: inoculating trametes versicolor into 250mL of complex culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C and 170rpm in a shaking incubator for 5d, measuring the microbial concentration of the culture solution, and adjusting the concentration to 1x10 with sterile complex culture medium⁸CFU/ml；

In particular, the complex medium is: distilled water, 1L; peeled potato, 200 g; glucose, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄，3.0g；MgSO₄·7H₂O,1.5 g; vitamins and trace; the pH was adjusted to 7.0.

Wherein, the inoculation amount of the earthworms in the step 2) is that 40-80 earthworms are inoculated in each 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste.

Particularly, the second compost improving agent is added to the fermentation heap on the 30 th day of the earthworm inoculation in the step 2).

Wherein, the earthworms inoculated in the step 2) are selected from Eiseniafetida (Eiseniafetida) earthworms or/and Williams loop earthworms (Phertema guilleimi).

In particular, the earthworm is Eiseniafetida (Eiseniafetida) earthworm with reproductive ring or/and Williams loop earthworm (Phenetima guillellemi).

Particularly, the step 2) also comprises the step of adjusting and keeping the water content of the materials to be 65-70% in the auxiliary composting fermentation process.

Wherein, in the process of earthworm-assisted composting, the earthworms are turned over once every 9 to 10 days, preferably once every 10 days.

In particular, a second compost improving agent is added to the fermented compost material on day 30 after the earthworms are inoculated.

In particular, fermentation was carried out for 60 days in step 2) until the compost was thoroughly decomposed (odor: odour of moist soil; color: black brown or black; germination index: greater than 80%; C/N: less than 20), the fermentation treatment is stopped.

I) uniformly mixing the crushed garden waste, the air-dried cow dung and water, and performing aerobic composting treatment to prepare an aerobic composting material;

II) adding a first compost modifier into the aerobic compost material, uniformly mixing, inoculating earthworms, performing earthworm assisted composting treatment, adding a second compost modifier into the fermented compost material 29-31 days after the earthworms are inoculated in the assisted composting treatment process, and continuing composting fermentation until the C/N ratio of the compost material is less than or equal to 20 and the germination index is more than or equal to 80%.

Wherein the weight ratio of the air-dried cow dung to the garden waste in the step I) is 15-20: 80-85.

In particular, the particle size of the crushed garden waste in the step I) is 0.2-2.0 cm, preferably 0.2-0.8 cm, and more preferably 0.5 cm.

Particularly, the water content of the mixed material of the crushed garden waste, the cow dung and the water is 65-70%.

Wherein, the first compost modifier and the second compost modifier in the step II) comprise exogenous additives and exogenous microbial agents, wherein the exogenous additives are alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme; the exogenous microbial agent is azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and chamotte culture solution.

Particularly, the concentration of the microbes in the culture solution of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum in the first compost modifier and the second compost modifier is 1x10⁵CFU/ml, concentration of microorganism in chamotte culture solution is1x10⁸CFU/ml；

in particular, fermenting to 60 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed (smell: smell of moist soil; color: black brown or black; germination index: more than 80%; C/N: less than 20).

In still another aspect, the present invention provides a plant cultivation substrate prepared according to the above method.

Compared with the prior art, the garden waste treatment method has the following advantages:

1. in the process of treating the garden waste by using the earthworms, the garden waste is pretreated firstly, and is crushed into a certain particle size for composting, the particle size provides an aerobic condition which is favorable for composting, and pores among the particle sizes enable a pile body to have larger water holding capacity and proper volume weight, so that the earthworm ecological bed is suitable for growth and propagation of microorganisms and earthworms, and the decomposition of the microorganisms and the earthworms on the organic garden waste is accelerated. Meanwhile, the proper particle size can mechanically damage a large amount of lignocellulose in the garden waste, accelerate the utilization and decomposition of microorganisms and shorten the composting period, and the proper particle size is favorable for feeding earthworms.

2. In the invention, cow dung and earthworms are added in the treatment and degradation of garden waste, and alkyl glycoside, cellulose lyase, azotobacter chroococcum and trametes versicolor are added as compost modifiers for composting treatment.

When urea is used as a nitrogen source, the respiration effect of the compost reaches the maximum, and the compost is suitable for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms; the earthworm is adopted to intensively degrade the cow dung and the organic garden waste, so that the composting and decomposing process can be accelerated, the amount of adult earthworms, juvenile earthworms and earthworm eggs is obviously increased by the earthworm eating the cow dung and the garden waste, the average weight of the adult earthworms is obviously increased, and the bred earthworms can be used as feed and the like; while forming a complete forestry ecological chain, the addition treatment of the alkyl glycoside, the cellulolytic enzyme and the azotobacter chroococcum as a compost modifier can reduce the surface tension of solid and liquid, increase the degradation rate of organic wastes, reasonably release nutrient elements in the organic wastes, adjust the nutrient balance of compost products, reduce the biotoxicity and obviously improve the germination rate of seeds; meanwhile, a large amount of lignin and cellulose in the cow dung and the garden waste can be catalytically decomposed, the conversion rate and the utilization rate of the lignin and the cellulose are improved, and the lignin and the cellulose are decomposed and converted into effective components which can be used by microorganisms and plants in a short time; the method increases the population quantity of beneficial microorganisms in the compost, promotes the beneficial microorganisms to decompose organic substrates through metabolic activities to maintain the self vital activities, simultaneously achieves the aim of decomposing complex organic compounds into small molecular substances which can be utilized by organisms, increases the total nitrogen content of the compost, and promotes the growth of flowers and trees and the development of fruits when the compost products are used as flower and tree substrates.

Detailed Description

The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The garden waste used in the embodiment of the invention is collected from a fragrant mountain plant garden in the Hai lake region of Beijing City, and mainly comprises branch trimmings, plant litters and lawn trimmings generated by greening and maintenance in the garden. The pH value of the landscaping waste is 6.15, the TOC is 487.28g/kg, the total N content is 14.34g/kg, the total P content is 2.06g/kg, the total K content is 3.56g/kg, and the C/N content is 30.6, wherein the total nitrogen content (TN) is determined by adopting a Kjeldahl method; total phosphorus content (TP) is H₂SO₄‐H₂O₂Digestion, molybdenum-antimony colorimetric-resistance determination; total potassium content (TK) is H₂SO₄‐H₂O₂Boiling, and measuring by flame photometry; the content of organic carbon is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and the specific measurement method is as follows: adding air-dried matrix to dry hard test tube, and adding K₂Cr₂O₇Standard solution and concentrated H₂SO₄Boiling the liquid in the test tube at 170-180 ℃ for 5min, pouring out the content in the test tube, titrating by using a ferrous sulfate standard solution, and calculating the organic carbon content according to the consumption of ferrous sulfate; the pH value is measured by a pH meter, and the specific measurement method comprises the following steps: the air-dried matrix piled in the example and water are mixed according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10(W/V), and are shaken for 30min and then are centrifugally filtered, and a pH meter is used for measuring the pH value in the filtrate. Determination of germination index: uniformly mixing materials in a container, uniformly collecting 10g of materials, leaching with distilled water (1:10, W/V), oscillating at 160rpm for 30min, filtering by using filter paper to obtain compost leaching liquor, sucking 10mL of leaching liquor, putting the leaching liquor into a culture dish with the bottom paved with the filter paper, sucking distilled water for the same treatment as a control, putting 20 Chinese cabbage seeds purchased from Chinese academy of agricultural science on the filter paper, covering the culture dish with a cover, and repeating the treatment for 3 times. Placing the culture dishes in a dark incubator at 25 ℃ for 48h, counting the germination number of seeds in each culture dish, wherein the germination rate (%) of the seeds is the average germination number of the seeds/the total number of the seeds (20) × 100%, the average germination number of the seeds is the germination number/3 of the seeds in 3 culture dishes for each treatment repetition, the root length of the germinated seeds is measured by using an electronic vernier caliper (L), and the germination index (GI,%) (G1 × L1)/(G2 × L2) × 100% (II) is shown in the specification, wherein G1 is the germination rate (%) of the seeds treated by each treatment compost extract; l1 is the average root length of the germinated seeds treated by the leaching liquor of each treated compost, G2 is the germination percentage (%) of the seeds treated by distilled water, and L2 is the average root length of the germinated seeds treated by distilled water.

In the embodiment of the invention, the composting treatment of the wastes is carried out in a greenhouse of Beijing university forestry university science and technology limited company, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the whole composting period, namely the external environment temperature of the compost is 20-25 ℃.

In the embodiment of the invention, the earthworms used in the process of earthworm composting are Erigeniafetida with reproductive ring and William's ring earthworm (Phermeta guillemi), which are purchased from Shunxin organic fertilizer factory of Beijing macrocycle in Shunyi of Beijing.

Azotobacter chroococcum and trametes versicolor used in the examples of the present invention were purchased from China general microbiological culture center, and the numbers of the strains were 1.0233 and 5.106, respectively.

Example 1: screening of earthworm varieties and addition density for garden waste composting

The earthworms can swallow the garden waste containing a large amount of wood fiber substances and convert the garden waste into humus-like substances, namely earthworm cast, namely nutrient elements such as N, P, K in the organic waste can be converted into a form which can be absorbed and utilized by plants more easily. The index of the degree of decomposition of the garden waste compost treatment assisted by the earthworms is superior to that of the conventional compost treatment, the degree of decomposition can be reached in advance, and the composting period is shortened

1. Waste pretreatment

Garden waste is crushed to 0.5cm particles using a crusher, 40kg (dry weight) of crushed material per composting is placed in a plastic reaction vessel (length x width x height, 0.6m x 0.8m x 0.65m, bottom with 20 holes of 1cm diameter for drainage) open at the top, urea is added to adjust the C/N of the waste to 25: 1, adding water to adjust the humidity of the compost material to 65-70%.

2. Aerobic composting

Composting materials are piled up in a reaction container to form a pile body, aerobic fermentation treatment is carried out, the pile body is turned once every 3 days, the water content of the pile body materials is controlled to be 65-70% until the pile body materials are piled up for 21 days, and harmful substances of organic acid and the like in the raw materials to earthworms are eliminated, so that the aerobic composting materials are prepared.

3. Earthworm composting

Adding Eisenia foetida and Ardisia williamsii Roxb into aerobic compost materials according to the earthworm adding density shown in table 1, respectively adding the Eisenia foetida and the Ardisia williamsii Roxb into different treatment reaction containers, uniformly mixing, and performing earthworm auxiliary fermentation treatment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The whole test process keeps the humidity of the compost materials at 65-70% (namely, a hygrograph is inserted into a reaction container to measure the humidity of the materials every ten am, when the moisture content is insufficient, a proper amount of moisture is sprayed from the upper part of the reaction container to keep the humidity at 65-70%), and the compost is turned over once every 9-10 days. The ambient temperature is 20-25 deg.C, and the normal ambient light is used. In order to prevent earthworms from escaping in the earthworm composting process, plastic nets with the aperture of 1mm are arranged above each container and at the bottom hole and are fixed by rubber belts.

TABLE 1 different Density earthworm composting

Aerobic pre-composting is carried out until the pH value of the compost is 7.0-8.5, the temperature of the compost is 20-25 ℃, and the activity range of Eisenia fetida/Williams' loop earthworm (Pheretima guillemii) is suitable.

And (4) composting the earthworms until the germination index of the compost materials treated by different methods is more than or equal to 80 percent and the C/N is less than or equal to 20, and finishing the earthworm composting treatment. Earthworm compost is selected for 60 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed (smell: smell of moist soil; color: black brown or black; germination index: more than 80% and C/N: less than 20), the earthworm compost treatment is ended, and the compost product is analyzed for physicochemical properties, and the results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 physical and chemical properties of different earthworm species, density treated compost products and earthworm growth conditions

As can be seen from the results of the measurements in Table 2, the N, P, K content of the compost product increased significantly and the TOC content and C/N decreased significantly as the density of earthworms increased. In production, the C/N ratio of the compost products is lower than 20, the GI index reaches more than 80%, the compost products are considered to be thoroughly decomposed, the compost products can be applied to agricultural production, T4-T8 treatment is carried out, and A4-A8 products are thoroughly decomposed. Between the treatments of T4 and T8, the nutrient element content between the treatments of A4 and A8 is not obvious, but the treatments of T7, T8, A7 and A8 have the phenomenon of escape and death after earthworms are added due to the high density of the added earthworms, so the adding density of the earthworms in the garden waste composting treatment method is the best at 40-80 earthworms per kg of matrix (dry weight). Meanwhile, the quality difference of the two earthworm treatment products is not obvious, so that the same effect can be achieved by using the two earthworms.

Example 2: screening of waste particle size of garden waste earthworm compost

1. Waste pretreatment

Pulverizing garden waste into particles with particle diameters of 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 respectively by a pulverizer, as shown in Table 3;

TABLE 3 particle size treatment of different materials in garden waste earthworm compost

Treatment of	Particle size of material	Treatment of	Particle size of material
				T1	0.2cm	T4	1.0cm
T2	0.5cm	T5	1.5cm
				T3	0.8cm	T6	2.0cm

2. Aerobic composting

Each aerobic composting treatment was exactly the same as the aerobic composting treatment in step 2 of example 1, and the aerobic composting treatment was repeated 3 times for 21 days to eliminate harmful substances to earthworms such as organic acids in the raw materials.

3. Earthworm composting

After 21 days of aerobic composting, 1600 earthworms of Eiseniafetida (40 pieces/kg of raw material) were added to each treatment reactor, and earthworm composting was performed. In order to prevent earthworms from escaping, plastic nets with the aperture of 1mm are arranged above each container and at the bottom hole and are fixed by rubber belts. The moisture of the compost material is kept at 65-70% during the earthworm composting process, and other experimental conditions are the same as those of the earthworm composting process in step 3 in example 1.

After the earthworms are composted for 60 days, the compost body is thoroughly decomposed (the smell is the smell of moist soil, the color is black brown or black, the germination index is more than 80 percent, the C/N is less than 20, the fermentation treatment is stopped), the physical and chemical properties of the compost products are analyzed, and the analysis results are shown in the table 4.

TABLE 4 physicochemical Properties of particle size treatment of different materials in garden waste earthworm compost

From the measurement results shown in Table 4, it is found that the content of nutrient elements in the compost gradually increases as the particle size of the compost decreases within the range of 0.2 to 2 cm. In each treatment, C/N of T1-T5 treatment is less than 20, C/N of T6 treatment is more than 20, germination index of T1-T3 treatment is more than 80%, germination index of T4-T6 treatment is less than 80%, and the condition that compost treated by T1-T3 is thoroughly decomposed is shown; the decomposition is not reached by the treatment of T4-T6. The T1-T3 treats the reason that the compost is thoroughly decomposed earlier than T4-T5, but the proper particle size can effectively promote the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the composting process, increase the porosity of the compost, improve the water retention and water retention capacity of the compost, improve the ventilation and water permeability of materials in the composting process, accelerate the heating rate in the composting process of the compost, provide a good physicochemical environment for the propagation and decomposition activities of microorganisms, enable the microorganisms to fully degrade organic wastes, form humus and improve the fertility level of a compost matrix on the basis of forming a good composting environment. Meanwhile, the proper particle size is beneficial to the swallowing of the earthworms. The grain size of the garden waste compost is selected to be 0.2-0.8 cm.

Example 3: screening of garden waste earthworm compost mode

1. Waste pretreatment

2. Aerobic composting

Aerobic composting was carried out according to 6 different composting methods in table 5, each of which was repeated 3 times, namely 18 parts of 40kg (dry weight) of crushed waste were separately placed in a plastic reaction vessel with an upper opening, and urea was added to adjust the C/N of the waste to 25: 1, adding water to adjust the humidity of the compost material to 65-70%, and carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment, wherein the aerobic fermentation treatment is completely the same as the aerobic fermentation treatment in the step 2 of the example 1 except that the aerobic fermentation days are different.

T1 treatment, aerobic composting treatment is only carried out, earthworm composting treatment is not carried out, and aerobic composting treatment is directly carried out for 81 days.

TABLE 5 different pretreatment modes of garden waste earthworm compost

Treatment of	Composting method	Treatment of	Composting method
				T1	81d (day) aerobic composting	T4	21d pre-compost and earthworm compost
T2	14d pre-composting and earthworm composting	T5	24d pre-compost and earthworm compost
				T3	18d pre-composting and earthworm composting	T6	28d pre-compost and earthworm compost

3. Earthworm composting

After 14 days, 18 days, 21 days, 24 days and 28 days of aerobic composting, 1600 Eiseniafetida earthworms are added into each treatment reaction vessel for earthworm composting treatment. In order to prevent earthworms from escaping, plastic nets with the aperture of 1mm are arranged above each container and at the bottom hole and are fixed by rubber belts. The moisture of the compost material was maintained at 65-70% throughout the test.

After the pre-composting is carried out for 14d by the T2 test treatment, the temperature of the stack in the reaction vessel is still about 40 ℃, and after earthworms are added, the earthworms escape and die. After carrying out aerobic composting for 18 days, 21 days, 24 days and 28 days respectively in the test treatment of T3-T6, the temperature of the compost is reduced to be within 20-25 ℃, and no escape and death phenomena occur after earthworms are added.

In the earthworm composting process, samples were taken every 5 days and the GI and C/N values of the compost products were measured in the dark, and the measurement results are shown in Table 6-1.

TABLE 6-1 Germination index GI, C/N of earthworm composted products after different pre-composting methods as a function of earthworm composting time

As can be seen from Table 6-1, the germination indices for both T1 (pure aerobic composting) and T2 (pre-composting for 14 days) treatments were < 80% over a 70 day composting period. Germination index of T3 treatment (pre-compost 18 days) is more than 80% in 50 days of earthworm treatment; the germination index was > 80% on day 45 of earthworm treatment for T4 (21 days pre-compost), T5 (24 days pre-compost) and T6 treatment (28 days pre-compost). Furthermore, after the earthworms treat the compost for 60 days, the germination indexes of T3-T6 are both more than 90%, and the germination indexes of 65 days and 70 days after the treatment are not obviously increased.

The C/N of compost treated by T1 (pure aerobic compost) and T2 (pre-compost for 14 days) is more than 20 in a 70-day composting period. T3 treatment (pre-compost for 18 days), T4 (pre-compost for 21 days), T5 (pre-compost for 24 days) and T6 treatment (pre-compost for 28 days) all had compost C/N values <20 on day 45 of earthworm treatment. And the C/N values of the composts on days 65 and 70 after the treatment of T3-T6 are all less than 18 after the treatment of the earthworms for 60 days.

In production, compost C/N is less than 20, GI is more than 80%, compost is thoroughly decomposed, the smaller the C/N value is, the larger the GI index is, the higher the compost quality is, and the analysis shows that the compost can be thoroughly decomposed after being treated by T3-T6 in 45 days of earthworm compost, the compost quality is continuously improved in the 45-60 days, and the treatment in 60-70 days has no obvious influence on the improvement of the compost product quality. Therefore, the earthworm composting period recommends a minimum treatment time of 45d, and is optimally 60d or more.

After 60 days, samples were collected from the earthworm composts treated in the T1-T6 test, and the analysis results were shown in Table 6-2.

TABLE 6-2 physicochemical Properties of compost products in different composting modes

As can be seen from the table 6-2, the N, P, K content and GI value of the compost products after the compost treatment of the T3-T6 test are obviously higher than those of the compost treatment of the T1 test, and the TOC content and C/N are obviously lower than those of the compost treatment of the T1 test. The increase of nutrient elements of compost products is mainly caused by the degradation of organic substances. Therefore, the treatment with earthworm added T3-T6 accelerates the degradation of organic substances and improves the quality of compost products. The N, P, K content, the TOC content and the C/N content of the T2 treatment are not different from those of the T1 treatment. The possible reason is that the earthworms die after being added. The germination indexes of the treated compost of T3-T6 are all higher than 80%, and the C/N is less than 20, which indicates that the compost is thoroughly decomposed. The difference between the GI value and the C/N value between the T6 treatment and the T3-T5 treatment is not obvious, but the T6 treatment consumes long time, so the aerobic composting (18-24) d +60d earthworm composting is selected for the garden waste composting treatment.

Example 4: C/N screening of garden waste earthworm compost material

1. Waste pretreatment

2. Aerobic composting

Aerobic composting was carried out in 5 different composting manners shown in Table 7, each of which was repeated 3 times, namely 15 parts of 40kg (dry weight) of the crushed waste was separately placed in a plastic reaction vessel having an upper opening, urea was added to adjust the C/N of the waste to 20:1 to 30:1, water was added to adjust the humidity of the compost material to 65 to 70%, and aerobic fermentation was carried out, and the aerobic composting treatment was completely the same as the aerobic composting treatment in step 2 of example 1 except that the C/N value was different.

TABLE 7 treatment of garden waste earthworm compost at different C/N ratios

Treatment of	Initial C/N ratio of compost material	Treatment of	Initial C/N ratio of compost material
				T1	25	T4	32
T2	28	T5	35
				T3	30

3. Earthworm composting

After aerobic composting was carried out for 21 days, 1600 Eiseniafetida earthworms were added to each treatment reactor, and earthworm composting was carried out. In order to prevent earthworms from escaping, plastic nets with the aperture of 1mm are arranged above each container and at the bottom hole and are fixed by rubber belts. The temperature, humidity, illumination and the like during the whole test are completely the same as those of the earthworm composting treatment in the step 3 of the example 1.

After 60 days of earthworm compost treated by the T1-T5 test, the earthworm compost treatment is finished, then the materials are sampled and analyzed for physicochemical properties, and the analysis results are shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8 physicochemical Properties of the compost products in different composting modes

As can be seen from Table 8, the compost products after the composting of the invention have N, P, K content T1-T2 treatment which is significantly higher than T3-T5 treatment, and TOC content and C/N which are significantly lower than T3-T5 test treatment. In each treatment, C/N of T1-T2 treatment is less than 20, GI value T1-T2 treatment is more than 80%, and GI value T3-T5 treatment is less than 80%, which indicates that compost treated by T1-T2 is thoroughly decomposed, and T3-T5 treatment does not reach the state of thoroughly decomposing. Therefore, the earthworm is used for treating the garden waste, and the initial C/N is recommended to be adjusted to 25-28.

Example 5: influence of addition of alkyl glycoside (APG) and cellulase on garden waste earthworm compost

1. Waste pretreatment

2. Preparation of exogenous additives

Mixing alkyl glycoside and water uniformly to prepare an alkyl glycoside solution for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the water is 1:100, each 1ml solution contains 0.01g of alkyl glycoside.

3. Aerobic composting

The aerobic composting treatment of each treatment was completely the same as the aerobic composting treatment in step 2 of example 1, and the harmful substances to earthworms, such as organic acids in the raw materials, were eliminated by aerobic composting for 21 days.

4. Earthworm composting

4A) Adding an alkyl glycoside solution and cellulose degrading enzymes into each aerobic compost material according to the adding mode in the table 9, respectively adding 1600 Eisenia foetida after uniformly mixing, and performing earthworm-assisted fermentation treatment, wherein the humidity of the compost material is kept at 65-70% in the whole test process, the inoculation amount of the earthworms is that 40 earthworms are inoculated into every 1kg (dry weight) of waste materials, and the compost is turned over once every 9-10 days to provide oxygen for the activity of microorganisms;

4B) on the 30 th day of earthworm inoculation, alkyl glycoside solution and cellulose degrading enzyme are added into the aerobic compost materials according to the adding mode shown in the table 7, the materials are uniformly mixed, and earthworm auxiliary fermentation treatment is continuously carried out, and the pile turning treatment is carried out every 9 to 10 days.

Table 9 different treatments of garden waste with alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme addition

Treatment of	Cellulose degrading enzyme (g/kg)	Alkyl glycoside (g/kg)	Treatment of	Cellulose degrading enzyme (g/kg)	Alkyl glycoside (g/kg)
						T1	0	0	T6	0.5	1
T2	0.25	0	T7	0	2
						T3	0.5	0	T8	0.25	2
T4	0	1	T9	0.5	2
						T5	0.25	1

In the earthworm compost treatment process, adding earthworm compost exogenous additives alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme into the compost respectively on the 1 st day and the 30 th day of the earthworm compost treatment according to the adding mode in table 9, stirring uniformly, turning the compost once every 9-11 days (preferably 10 days) to provide oxygen for the activity of microorganisms and ensure the uniformity of the compost, wherein: adding 1g of alkyl glycoside per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on day 1 of earthworm composting treatment as T6 treatment; the amount of added cellulose degrading enzyme was 0.5 g; 1g of alkyl glycoside is added per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on day 30; adding cellulose degrading enzyme 0.5g, adding exogenous additive, turning and mixing.

After the earthworms are composted for 60 days, the materials are sampled, the physical and chemical properties and the growth condition of the earthworms are analyzed, and the number of adult earthworms, the number of young earthworms and the number of eggs in the samples are sorted and counted: after sorting and counting, the sample was washed with clean water, and the sample was weighed with an electronic balance with a precision of 0.001 using a water-absorbent paper to remove attached water. The analysis results are shown in tables 10 and 11.

TABLE 10 Effect of alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme addition on the physicochemical Properties of compost products

TABLE 11 Effect of alkyl glycoside and cellulose degrading enzyme addition on earthworm growth

Treatment of	Number of adult earthworms/kg	Number of young earthworms/kg	Egg number/kg	Adult earthworm weight (g/bar/kg)
					T1	45b	62c	30c	5.44b
T2	42b	68c	45b	5.59b
					T3	45b	60c	39b	5.51b
T4	56a	79ab	48b	5.66ab
					T5	55a	71b	56a	5.74a
T6	52a	78ab	47b	5.62ab
					T7	47ab	77ab	45b	5.91a
T8	52a	86a	54a	6.07a
					T9	51a	82a	58a	5.86a

The key point of organic matter degradation is that the biosurfactant liquid film on the surface layer of the organic particulate matter can reduce the surface tension of solid and liquid, increase the activity of cellulase, promote the microbial degradation of cellulose, increase the degradation rate of garden waste, improve the utilization rate of nutrients, and adjust the content of various nutrient elements and the nutrient balance of materials in the fermentation process. The alkyl glycoside as an external additive is a mild nonionic biosurfactant, does not exist in an ionic state in a solution, and is attached to the surface of waste particles to provide an excellent growth environment for composting fermentation microorganisms and increase the number of microbial communities. In addition, biochemical reaction processes in the composting process all occur under the catalysis of biological enzymes, exogenous cellulase can promote the composting process by increasing the activity of extracellular cellulase produced by microorganisms in the compost, and the exogenous cellulase and alkyl glycoside are added together to have the effect of coordinating the degradation of the microorganisms on organic wastes.

From the results of tables 10 and 11, it is understood that: according to the treatment method for treating garden waste, the addition amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside is 0.25-0.5g/kg (dry weight), the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is 1-2g/kg (dry weight), so that the degradation of organic carbon can be remarkably promoted, and the nutrient content of the product is improved; has remarkable promoting effect on the growth of the earthworms and has no toxic or side effect.

Example 5A: influence of inoculated azotobacter chroococcum and trametes discolour on garden waste earthworm compost

1. Waste pretreatment

2. Preparation of exogenous microbial agent

2A) Azotobacter chroococcum was inoculated into 250mL of azotobacter fixing medium (yeast extract, 0.5 g; mannitol, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄，0.2g；K₂HPO₄,1.0g；MgSO₄·7H2O，0.2g；CaSO4·2H₂O，0.2g；Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, 0.005 g; agar, 15.0 g; 1.0L of distilled water; adjusting pH to 7.2), culturing at 30 deg.C and 170rpm in a shaking incubator for 5d, measuring microorganism concentration in the culture solution, and adjusting the concentration to 1x10 with sterile nitrogen-fixing culture medium⁵CFU/ml；

2B) Trametes versicolor was inoculated in 250mL of complex medium (distilled water, 1L; peeled potato, 200 g; glucose, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄,3.0g；MgSO₄·7H₂O,1.5 g; vitamins and trace; adjusting pH to 7.0), culturing at 28 deg.C and 170rpm for 5d in a shaking incubator, determining microorganism concentration in the culture solution, and culturing with sterile comprehensive culture mediumConcentration adjusted to 1x10⁸CFU/ml；

3. Aerobic composting

4. Earthworm composting

4A) Adding azotobacter chroococcum and chamotte culture solution into aerobic compost materials respectively according to the adding mode in the table 12, mixing uniformly, adding 1600 Eisenia fetida earthworms respectively, performing earthworm-assisted fermentation treatment, keeping the humidity of the compost materials at 65-70% in the whole test process, inoculating 40 earthworms into 1kg (dry weight) of waste materials, and performing turning treatment once every 7 days to provide oxygen for microbial activities;

4B) on the 30 th day of earthworm inoculation, adding azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and chamotte bacterium culture solution into the aerobic compost materials according to the adding mode shown in the table 10, mixing uniformly, and continuing earthworm auxiliary fermentation treatment, wherein the pile turning treatment is carried out once every 9-10 (usually 10) days.

TABLE 12 treatment with azotobacter chroococcum

Treatment of	Azotobacter chroococcum	Trametes versicolor	Treatment of	Azotobacter chroococcum	Trametes versicolor
						T1	0	0	T6	20ml/kg	10ml/kg
T2	10ml/kg	0	T7	0	20ml/kg
						T3	20ml/kg	0	T8	10ml/kg	20ml/kg
T4	0	10ml/kg	T9	20ml/kg	20ml/kg
						T5	10ml/kg	10ml/kg

In the earthworm compost treatment process, azotobacter chroococcum and trametes discolour of the earthworm compost exogenous microbial inoculum are added into the compost on the 1 st day and the 30 th day of the earthworm compost treatment according to the adding modes shown in the table 10, the materials are uniformly stirred, and the compost is turned over once every 9-10 days to provide oxygen for the activity of microorganisms and ensure the uniformity of the compost, wherein: adding azotobacter chroococcum 0ml per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on days 1 and 30 of earthworm composting treatment as T1 treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 0 ml; as with the treatment of T2, the amount of azotobacter chroococcum added per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material is 10ml on the 1 st and 30 th days of earthworm composting treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 0 ml; adding azotobacter chroococcum in an amount of 20ml per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on days 1 and 30 of earthworm composting treatment as T3 treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 0 ml; adding azotobacter chroococcum 0ml per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on days 1 and 30 of earthworm composting treatment as T4 treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 10 ml; as with the treatment of T5, the amount of azotobacter chroococcum added per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material is 10ml on the 1 st and 30 th days of earthworm composting treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 10 ml; adding azotobacter chroococcum in an amount of 20ml per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on days 1 and 30 of earthworm composting treatment as T6 treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 10 ml; adding azotobacter chroococcum 0ml per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on days 1 and 30 of earthworm composting treatment as T7 treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 20 ml; as with the treatment of T8, the amount of azotobacter chroococcum added per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material is 10ml on the 1 st and 30 th days of earthworm composting treatment; adding trametes versicolor in an amount of 20 ml; adding azotobacter chroococcum in an amount of 20ml per 1kg (dry weight) of garden waste material on days 1 and 30 of earthworm composting treatment as T9 treatment; the amount of trametes versicolor added was 20 ml.

After 60 days of earthworm composting, samples of the materials were collected, and physicochemical property analysis and earthworm growth analysis were performed, and the analysis results are shown in tables 13 and 14.

TABLE 13 Effect of exogenous microbial Agents on growth and reproductive Capacity of earthworms

Note: letters in the same column indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).

TABLE 14 influence of exogenous microbial inoculum on physical and chemical properties of earthworm compost garden waste

Treatment of

pH value

TOC(g/kg)

Total N content (g/kg)

Total P content (g/kg)

Total K content (g/kg)

C/N

GI(％)

T1

8.32a

338.75a

18.11c

7.57c

7.04d

18.71a

84c

T2

8.30a

332.16b

19.54a

7.85c

7.43c

17.00b

88c

T3

8.31a

331.76b

19.66a

7.76c

7.54c

16.87b

87c

T4

8.32a

328.53b

19.06b

8.91b

7.88b

17.24b

92b

T5

8.30a

298.66c

19.96a

9.22a

8.32a

14.96c

106a

T6

8.29a

296.74c

19.87a

9.17a

8.17a

14.93c

112a

T7

8.30a

32785b

19.16b

8.96ab

7.98b

17.11b

94ab

T8

8.29a

292.17c

19.83a

9.14a

8.28a

14.73c

98a

T9

8.28a

297.35c

19.95a

9.02a

8.32a

14.90c

110a

In the composting process of garden wastes, exogenous microbial agents of azotobacter chroococcum and trametes versicolor are added, so that the types and the number of beneficial microorganisms in the composting process are increased, the number and the activity of earthworms in the auxiliary composting process of the earthworms are promoted, and the lignin decomposition of composting materials is promoted, thereby accelerating the decomposition process; the azotobacter chroococcum can also secrete azotase, promote the fixation of nitrogen in the composting process and improve the nitrogen content of the product; trametes versicolor can secrete coriolus versicolor polysaccharide for microorganism growth and reproduction, and the secreted protease can accelerate degradation of compost raw materials and has the function of decomposing lignin.

As can be seen from tables 13 and 14, the exogenous microbial agent adopted in the treatment method for treating garden waste is azotobacter chroococcum with the addition amount of 10-20 ml/kg; the addition amount of trametes versicolor is 10-20 ml/kg. Has positive promoting effect on the growth and reproductive capacity of the earthworms, can obviously improve the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, obviously improve the GI value, and obviously reduce the TOC content and C/N.

Example 6: influence of cow dung addition on garden waste earthworm composting

1. Waste pretreatment

Firstly, garden waste is crushed into particles of 0.5cm by a crusher, then, the crushed garden waste and air-dried cow dung are uniformly mixed according to the proportion in a table 13 to prepare mixed compost materials, then, 40kg (dry weight) of the mixed compost materials are respectively taken for each compost treatment and are placed in a plastic reaction container (with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height, 0.6m multiplied by 0.8m multiplied by 0.65m, and the bottom is provided with 20 holes with the diameter of 1cm for drainage) with an opening at the upper part, and urea is added to adjust the C/N of the waste to be 25: and 1, adding water to adjust the humidity of the compost material to 65-70%, namely respectively putting 4 parts of 40kg (dry weight) mixed compost material and 1 part of crushed garden waste into plastic reaction containers with openings at the upper parts, respectively adding urea to adjust the C/N (25: 1) of the compost material after 5 treatments, and adding water to adjust the humidity of the compost material to 65-70%.

Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The compost waste material was measured for pH, organic carbon, C/N, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, total potassium content, and the results are shown as the initial values in Table 15.

TABLE 15 treatment of garden waste earthworm compost by cow dung addition

2. Aerobic composting

3. Earthworm composting

1600 Eiseniafetida earthworms are respectively added into each aerobic compost material for earthworm auxiliary fermentation treatment, the humidity of the compost material is kept at 65-70% in the whole test process, and the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 40 in every 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material. The rest is the same as in example 1.

After 60 days of earthworm composting, samples of the materials were collected, and physicochemical property analysis and earthworm growth analysis were performed, and the analysis and measurement results are shown in tables 16 and 17.

TABLE 16 influence of cow dung addition on growth and reproduction of Eiseniafetida

TABLE 17 analysis of physical, chemical and biological indicators of sample collection

As can be seen from table 16, the quality of adult earthworms, the maximum number of earthworm eggs, and the maximum number of young earthworms at T4 and T5 were significantly higher at the end of composting than in other treatments, and the annual earthworm mortality rate was significantly reduced in T4 and T5 treatments.

As can be seen from Table 17, the organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium increase rate and GI value of the T4 and T5 treatments at the end of composting were significantly higher than those of the T1-T3 treatments, the C/N was significantly reduced by the T1-T3 treatments, and the pH of the 5 treatments were all within the range of the ideal culture medium. Therefore, the method of the invention comprises the following steps of mixing the cow dung and the landscaping waste in parts by weight of 15: 85-20: 80 are subjected to composting treatment.

Example 7: composting of garden waste

1. Waste pretreatment

1A) Crushing garden waste into particles with the particle size of 0.5cm by using a crusher, and uniformly mixing the crushed waste particles with air-dried cow dung to obtain a cow dung-waste mixed material; wherein the weight ratio of the air-dried cow dung to the garden waste is 20: 80;

1B) 40kg of the cow dung-waste mixed material is weighed, water is added into the cow dung-waste mixed material, the water content of the mixed material is adjusted to 65%, and then the mixed material is placed in a plastic reaction container with an opening at the upper part (the length is multiplied by the width, multiplied by the height, 0.6m is multiplied by 0.8m is multiplied by 0.65m, and 20 holes with the diameter of 1cm are arranged at the bottom for draining water).

2. Preparation of exogenous additive and exogenous microbial agent

2A) Azotobacter chroococcum was inoculated into 250mL of sterile azotobacter medium (yeast extract, 0.5 g; mannitol, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄，0.2g；K₂HPO₄,1.0g；MgSO₄·7H₂O，0.2g；CaSO₄·2H₂O，0.2g；Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, 0.005 g; agar, 15.0 g; 1.0L of distilled water; adjusting pH to 7.2, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min), and shakingCulturing at 30 deg.C and 170rpm in incubator for 5d, measuring microorganism concentration in culture solution, and adjusting to 1 × 10 with sterile nitrogen-fixing medium⁵CFU/ml；

2B) Trametes versicolor was inoculated into 250mL sterile complex medium (distilled water, 1L; peeled potato, 200 g; glucose, 20.0 g; KH (Perkin Elmer)₂PO₄,3.0g；MgSO₄·7H₂O,1.5 g; vitamins and trace; adjusting pH to 7.0, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min), culturing at 28 deg.C and 170rpm in a shaking incubator for 5d, measuring microorganism concentration in the culture solution, and adjusting to 1 × 10 with sterile comprehensive culture medium⁸CFU/ml；

2C) Mixing alkyl glycoside and water to prepare an alkyl glycoside solution for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the water is 1: 100.

3. Aerobic composting

Piling the mixed materials in the reactor, performing aerobic fermentation treatment to eliminate harmful substances of organic acid and the like in the raw materials to the earthworms, turning the piles once every 3 days, and controlling the water content of the piled materials to be 65% until the piled materials are subjected to the aerobic fermentation treatment for 21 days to obtain the aerobic compost materials.

4. Earthworm composting

4A) Adding a first compost modifier alkyl glycoside, cellulose degrading enzyme, azotobacter chroococcum and trametes versicolor into the aerobic compost material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first earthworm fermented material; wherein 2L of alkyl glycoside solution is sprayed into the aerobic compost material, namely the addition amount of the alkyl glycoside is 0.5g of the alkyl glycoside added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; spraying 800ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution, 800ml of chameleon culture solution and 40g of cellulose degrading enzyme, wherein the adding amount of azotobacter chroococcum is 20ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the adding amount of the discoloring bacteria is that 20ml of discoloring bacteria culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is that 1g of cellulose degrading enzyme is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material;

4B) spraying water into the first earthworm fermented material, adjusting the water content of the material to 65%, inoculating 1600 Eisenia fetida earthworms, stacking the earthworms into a pile, and performing first earthworm fermentation treatment; wherein, the stack is turned once every 10 days (9-11 days), and the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 40 pieces of earthworms inoculated in every 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material;

4C) on the 30 th day (29-31 th day) of earthworm inoculation, adding a second compost modifier, namely alkyl glycoside, cellulose degrading enzyme, azotobacter chroococcum and trametes versicolor into the fermentation heap, and uniformly stirring, wherein 2L of alkyl glycoside solution is added into the fermentation heap, namely 0.5g of alkyl glycoside is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; spraying 800ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution, 800ml of chameleon culture solution and 40g of cellulose degrading enzyme, wherein the adding amount of azotobacter chroococcum is 20ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the adding amount of the discoloring bacteria is that 20ml of discoloring bacteria culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is that 1g of cellulose degrading enzyme is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; continuously performing earthworm fermentation treatment, turning the earthworms once every 10 days (9-11 days), and after fermentation for 60 days, finishing composting.

The physical and chemical properties of the earthworm compost substrate and the earthworm growth condition were analyzed, and the analysis results are shown in tables 18 and 19.

Example 8: composting of garden waste

1. Waste pretreatment

The procedure of step 1 was repeated as in example 7 except that the particle size of the garden waste particles was 0.2cm and the weight ratio of the air-dried cow dung to the garden waste was 15: 85;

2. preparation of exogenous additive and exogenous microbial agent

Same as example 7;

3. aerobic composting

The procedure of example 7 was repeated except that the pile was turned once every 4 days and aerobic fermentation treatment was carried out for 18 days;

4. earthworm composting

Except that 1L of alkyl glycoside solution is sprayed into the aerobic compost material in the step 4A), namely the addition amount of the alkyl glycoside is 0.25g of the alkyl glycoside added into each 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; 400ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution, 400ml of chameleon culture solution and 80g of cellulose degrading enzyme are sprayed, namely 10ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the adding amount of the color-changing trametes is that 10ml of color-changing trametes culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the addition amount of the cellulose degrading enzyme is 2g of cellulose degrading enzyme added in 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the inoculation amount of the earthworms in the step 4B) is that 80 earthworms are inoculated in every 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material and turned over once every 9 days; spraying 1L of alkyl glycoside solution in the step 4C), namely adding 0.25g of alkyl glycoside into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; 400ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution, 400ml of chameleon culture solution and 80g of cellulose degrading enzyme are sprayed, namely 10ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the adding amount of the color-changing trametes is that 10ml of color-changing trametes culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the amount of the cellulose-degrading enzyme added was the same as in example 7 except that 2g of the cellulose-degrading enzyme was added to 1kg (dry weight) of the cow dung-waste mixed material.

The physical and chemical properties of the earthworm compost substrate and the earthworm growth condition were analyzed, and the analysis results are shown in tables 16 and 17.

Example 9: composting of garden waste

1. Waste pretreatment

The procedure of step 1 was repeated as in example 7 except that the particle size of the garden waste particles was 0.8cm and the weight ratio of the air-dried cow dung to the garden waste was 20: 80;

2. preparation of exogenous additive and exogenous microbial agent

Same as example 7;

3. aerobic composting

The procedure of example 7 was repeated except that the pile was turned every 3 days, and aerobic composting and fermentation treatment were carried out for 24 days;

4. earthworm composting

Except that 1.5L of alkyl glycoside solution is sprayed into the aerobic compost material in the step 4A), namely the addition amount of the alkyl glycoside is 0.375g of the alkyl glycoside added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; spraying 600ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution, 600ml of chameleon culture solution and 1.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme, wherein the adding amount of azotobacter chroococcum is 15ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution added in each 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the adding amount of the color-changing trametes is that 15ml of color-changing trametes culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the addition amount of the cellulose-degrading enzyme is 1.5g of the cellulose-degrading enzyme added in 1kg (dry weight) of the cow dung-waste mixed material; the inoculation amount of the earthworms in the step 4B) is that 60 earthworms are inoculated in every 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material and turned over once every 11 days; spraying 1.5L of alkyl glycoside solution in the step 4C), namely adding 0.375g of alkyl glycoside into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; spraying 600ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution, 600ml of chameleon culture solution and 1.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme, wherein the adding amount of azotobacter chroococcum is 15ml of azotobacter chroococcum culture solution added in each 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the adding amount of the color-changing trametes is that 15ml of color-changing trametes culture solution is added into 1kg (dry weight) of cow dung-waste mixed material; the amount of the cellulose-degrading enzyme added was the same as in example 7 except that 1.5g of the cellulose-degrading enzyme was added to 1kg (dry weight) of the cow dung-waste mixed material.

TABLE 18 determination of the physical and chemical properties of the substrates of the present invention after composting of garden waste

TABLE 19 Effect of the treatment of Garden waste according to the invention on the growth and reproductive ability of earthworms

	Number of adult earthworms/kg	Number of young earthworms/kg	Egg number/kg	Adult earthworm weight g/strip/kg
					Example 7	64a	91a	53a	6.07a
Example 8	62a	88a	55a	6.14a
					Example 9	67a	93a	50a	6.23a

Test example: germination index test

Taking 10g of earthworm compost matrixes obtained in the embodiments 7-9 respectively, putting the earthworm compost matrixes into conical flasks, adding 100mL of distilled water respectively, oscillating at 160rpm for 30min, filtering with qualitative filter paper to obtain compost leaching solutions, sucking 10mL of leaching solutions respectively into a culture dish with the bottom paved with filter paper, placing 20 Chinese cabbage seeds purchased in Chinese academy of agricultural science on the filter paper, repeating the steps for 3 times, and using the distilled water as a blank control.

Placing the culture dish in an incubator, culturing at 25 ℃ in the dark, taking out and observing after culturing for 48h, counting the germination number of seeds manually, recording the germination number of the seeds, measuring the root length (L) of the germinated seeds by using an electronic vernier caliper, and calculating the germination rate (G) and the Germination Index (GI) according to the formulas (I) and (II):

germination percentage (%). average number of seeds germinated/total number of seeds × 100% (I)

Germination index (GI,%) (G1 × L1)/(G2 × L2) × 100% (ii)

Wherein: g1 is the germination rate of the seeds treated by the compost leaching solution; l1 is the average root length of compost leaching solution treated seeds, G2 is the germination rate of distilled water treated seeds, and L2 is the average root length of distilled water treated seeds.

The calculation result is as follows: the earthworm compost substrate germination index of example 7 was 116%; the earthworm compost substrate germination index of example 8 was 122%; the germination index of the earthworm compost substrate of example 9 was 118%.

Claims

1. A method for treating garden waste by earthworms is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:

1) uniformly mixing the crushed garden waste with water, piling the mixture into a pile body, and performing aerobic composting fermentation treatment to prepare an aerobic composting material, wherein the aerobic composting fermentation treatment time is 14-28 days;

2) adding a first compost modifier into an aerobic compost material, uniformly mixing, inoculating Eisenia foetida or Armillaria Williamsii, and performing compost fermentation treatment, wherein the first compost modifier comprises an exogenous additive alkyl glycoside, a cellulose degrading enzyme, an exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and a chamotte fungus culture solution, wherein: the adding amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside is 1-2g of alkyl glycoside added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the adding amount of the cellulolytic enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the adding amount of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, and the adding amount of the color-changing suppository culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste; in the compost fermentation treatment process, adding a second compost modifier into the fermented compost material on the 29 th to 31 th days after the earthworms are inoculated, continuing the compost fermentation treatment, wherein the second compost modifier comprises exogenous additive alkyl glycoside, cellulose degrading enzyme, exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and color-changing embolus culture solution, wherein the addition amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside in the second compost improver is 1-2g of alkyl glycoside added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the addition amount of the cellulolytic enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the addition amount of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, and the addition amount of the color-changing suppository culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste; fermenting until the C/N ratio of the stacked materials is less than or equal to 20 and the germination index is more than or equal to 80 percent.

2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the aerobic composting fermentation treatment in step 1) is performed according to the following steps:

1-1) adjusting the C/N ratio of garden waste to 25-28: 1;

1-2) adding water, and uniformly mixing to enable the water content of the waste to reach 65-70%;

1-3) piling the wastes into a fermentation pile body, and carrying out piling fermentation treatment, wherein pile turning treatment is carried out every 3-4 days in the process of piling fermentation treatment, and the water content of the pile body is adjusted to 65% -70%.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step 2A): supplementing water to the aerobic compost material added with the first compost modifier, adjusting the water content of the aerobic compost material added with the first compost modifier to 65-70%, and then inoculating earthworms; further comprising step 2B): supplementing water to the fermented compost material added with the second compost improver, adjusting the water content of the fermented compost material added with the second compost improver to 65-70%, and then piling up the fermented compost material until the C/N ratio of the compost material is less than or equal to 20 and the germination index is more than or equal to 80%.

4. The method as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the earthworms inoculated in the step 2) is 40-80 earthworms per 1kg dry weight of the garden waste.

5. A method for treating garden waste by earthworms is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:

1) uniformly mixing the crushed garden waste, the air-dried cow dung and water, and performing aerobic composting treatment to prepare an aerobic composting material, wherein the aerobic composting fermentation treatment time is 14-28 days;

2) adding a first compost modifier into an aerobic compost material, uniformly mixing, inoculating Eisenia foetida or Armillaria Williamsii, and performing compost fermentation treatment, wherein the first compost modifier comprises an exogenous additive alkyl glycoside, a cellulose degrading enzyme, an exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and a chamotte fungus culture solution, wherein: the adding amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside is 1-2g of alkyl glycoside added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the adding amount of the cellulolytic enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the adding amount of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, and the adding amount of the color-changing suppository culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added in 1kg of dry weight of garden waste; in the compost fermentation treatment process, on the 29 th to 31 th days of earthworm inoculation, a second compost modifier is added into the fermented compost material for continuous compost fermentation treatment, wherein the second compost modifier comprises exogenous additive alkyl glycoside, cellulose degrading enzyme, exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution and color-changing embolus culture solution, wherein the addition amount of the exogenous additive alkyl glycoside in the second compost improver is 1-2g of alkyl glycoside added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the addition amount of the cellulolytic enzyme is 0.25-0.5g of cellulose degrading enzyme added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, the addition amount of the exogenous microbial agent azotobacter chroococcum culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste, and the addition amount of the color-changing suppository culture solution is 0-20mL/kg added to 1kg of dry weight of garden waste; fermenting until the C/N ratio of the stacked materials is less than or equal to 20 and the germination index is more than or equal to 80 percent.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of the air-dried cow dung to the garden waste in the step 1) is 15-20: 80-85.

7. A plant culture substrate, characterized in that it is prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.