CN108338054B

CN108338054B - Method for preparing culture medium from camellia oleifera shells

Info

Publication number: CN108338054B
Application number: CN201810170972.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张金萍
Original assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2018-03-01
Filing date: 2018-03-01
Publication date: 2020-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-01
Also published as: CN108338054A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a culture medium by using oil tea shells, which comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring oil tea fruit shells, a starter, a surfactant, urea and a microorganism mixed microbial inoculum, adding water to adjust the water content to 55-60%, fermenting in a heat-preservation and ventilation composting device, raising the temperature to 55-70 ℃ after two days of fermentation, preserving the heat for 5-6 days, turning over the compost, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, adding functional bacteria to degrade cellulose and lignin which are difficult to decompose when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and finishing composting when the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the culture medium with the insecticidal and sterilization effects. The culture medium disclosed by the invention is simple in formula and low in cost, and the physical and chemical properties of the camellia oleifera shells and the camellia oleifera dregs of the tea oil processing residues are fully utilized to prepare the culture medium which has nutrition, insecticidal and bactericidal functions, so that high-value utilization of the tea oil processing residues is realized.

Description

Method for preparing culture medium from camellia oleifera shells

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting and cultivation, in particular to a method for preparing a cultivation medium by using oil tea shells.

Background

The culture medium accepted by countries in the world is peat, but because peat cannot be regenerated in a short period of time and the storage capacity is limited, the exploitation of peat causes serious damage to wetland ecology, and the focus of medium research is to reduce the consumption of peat or search for new peat substitutes. Many advances are made in the research on peat substitutes, such as the application of agricultural and forestry wastes, such as sawdust, cow dung, grape pomace, coconut shell, sunflower, corn stalk, mushroom pomace, reed powder, etc., as culture mediums. The culture medium has great application potential in economic benefit, ecological benefit and production.

In recent years, people pay more and more attention to research and development of organic wastes as culture substrates, and the utilization of the organic wastes is a main development direction of substrate selection in the future. Camellia oleifera (Camellia spp. abel) is an important woody oil tree species in the south of china and is the most productive tree species for oil in plants of the Camellia genus. With the development of the tea oil processing industry, the cultivation area of the existing tea oil trees in China is about 550 kilohm²The annual production of camellia oleifera fruits is nearly 1000 ten thousand tons, the annual production of camellia oleifera oil is 51.8 ten thousand tons, and the annual production of byproducts of camellia oleifera shells is nearly 800 ten thousand tons. The main components of the oil tea fruit shell are cellulose (13.87-20.95%), hemicellulose (34.21-49.34%), lignin (30.07-36.23%) and mineral elements, and are the same as the raw material components formed by peat. At present, the wastes are discarded at the side of a valley, a river beach and a highway in an unordered way, and flow into a water area after being washed by rainwater, so that the water body is seriously polluted; or the biomass fuel is burnt as fuel to pollute the atmosphere, becomes a pollution source seriously polluting the environment, and causes a great deal of biomass resource waste and ecological damage.

Chinese patent CN106831065A discloses an organic fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia shells and oil-tea camellia cakes to obtain a biological fertilizer rich in tea saponin.

Chinese patent CN105315094A discloses an efficient organic fertilizer for camellia seeds, which is prepared from camellia oleifera shells, camellia oleifera seed meal, chicken manure, tobacco powder and RW ferment agent, and has lasting fertilizer effect and insect resistance and sterilization.

However, with the development of the oil tea industry, a series of new problems and challenges are faced in the low-cost, clean, efficient and high-value utilization of oil tea processing waste.

The invention provides a method for preparing a culture medium by using oil tea shells, and the prepared medium has the functions of nutrition, insect killing and sterilization and can reduce the cost of the medium.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a culture medium by using oil tea shells. The culture medium disclosed by the invention is simple in formula and low in cost, has nutrition and insecticidal and bactericidal functions, and realizes high-value utilization of tea oil processing residues.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preparing a culture medium by using camellia oleifera shells comprises the following steps:

uniformly stirring oil tea fruit shells, a starter, a surfactant, urea and a microbial mixed microbial inoculum, adding water to adjust the water content to about 55-60%, fermenting in a heat-preservation and ventilation composting device, raising the temperature to 55-70 ℃ after two days of fermentation, preserving the heat for 5-6 days, turning over the compost, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, adding functional bacteria to degrade cellulose and lignin which are difficult to decompose when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and finishing composting when the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the culture medium with the insecticidal and sterilization effects.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the oil tea fruit shell, the initiating explosive, the surfactant, the urea and the mixed microbial inoculum is as follows: 100:(5-30):(0.1-0.5):(2.5-3.2):(1-5).

Preferably, the culture medium has a saponin content of 2-4%, an organic matter content of more than or equal to 50% and a C/N ratio of 16-19.

Preferably, the camellia oleifera shells are shells of any camellia oleifera species without any crushing treatment, and the content of the fruit shell tea saponin is 4-5%.

Preferably, the initiating explosive is camellia oleifera abel dregs, and the camellia oleifera abel dregs are residues obtained after oil extraction and residual oil extraction of camellia oleifera abel seeds.

The tea saponin is a saccharide type compound in seeds of Theaceae plants, and belongs to saponin class, and the oil Camellia shell contains 4-5% of tea saponin, and the oil Camellia cake contains about 15% of tea saponin. The tea saponin is an excellent auxiliary agent of water-soluble or soluble powder pesticide, can improve the physical property of the pesticide, improve the adhesive force of the liquid medicine on the body surface of organisms or plants, and has the synergistic effect on the pesticide. The tea saponin has good biological activity, can be mixed with monosultap, methomyl, dimethoate, etc. to prevent and treat Sinorhizus apis, Panonychus citri, diamondback moth, etc., and has obvious synergistic effect. Meanwhile, a proper amount of tea saponin has a certain poisoning effect on cabbage caterpillars, cutworms, nematodes, pomacea canaliculata, snails, oncomelania and the like, and the tea saponin can be automatically degraded without toxicity or harm, and does not influence plant growth.

The oil tea dregs are rich in protein, fat, starch, tea saponin, crude fiber, ash and the like, and can inhibit plant growth when being used as a culture substrate although having a certain insecticidal effect. Because the water-retaining property of the oil-tea camellia shells which are not crushed is poor, the microbial agent is directly added, the heap temperature cannot rise, and the oil-tea camellia meal is used as the initiating explosive, so that the temperature can be rapidly increased, and the heap decay speed can be accelerated.

Preferably, the surfactant is a biosurfactant. Biosurfactants are amphoteric substances with certain surface activity produced by a class of microorganisms, and are generally metabolic or secondary metabolic products secreted by the microorganisms during the metabolic process when the microorganisms are cultured under certain conditions. More preferably, the biosurfactant is a bacterial-produced glycolipid species.

Preferably, the microbial mixed microbial inoculum is indigenous microbes and tannin saponin degrading bacteria screened from naturally rotted oil-tea camellia shells, and the ratio of the indigenous microbes to the tannin saponin degrading bacteria is (6-4): 1, the adding amount is 1-5% of the mass of the composting raw material.

Preferably, the indigenous microorganisms are mixed bacteria, including aspergillus niger, penicillium and partial bacteria; the tannin saponin degrading bacteria is Klebsiella. The tannin saponin degrading bacteria are added into the compost, because the growth temperature of the Klebsiella is below 40 ℃, and the bacteria are conditional pathogenic bacteria, the compost is added, so that part of the tannin saponin can be degraded, and the bacteria can be killed at high temperature.

Preferably, the functional bacteria are lignin-degrading bacteria Phanerochaete chrysosporium and cellulose-degrading bacteria Basidiomycetes screened from rotten fir. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes are fungi, and are added in the cooling stage because the growth temperature is below 40 ℃, and the non-degraded cellulose and lignin are mainly decomposed in the cooling stage.

The main components of the oil-tea camellia shell are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the cellulose and the lignin are the most difficult components for microorganisms to degrade and utilize, functional bacteria for degrading the cellulose and the lignin and a biosurfactant easy for the secretion of the cellulase and the ligninase are added, and the degradation rate of the cellulose of the oil-tea camellia shell is more than or equal to 70 percent, the degradation rate of the hemicellulose is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the degradation rate of the lignin is more than or equal to 60 percent.

Compared with the current application situation of the oil-tea camellia shell, the invention has the following technical characteristics:

the culture medium disclosed by the invention is simple in formula and low in cost, and the physical and chemical properties of the camellia oleifera shells and the camellia oleifera dregs of the tea oil processing residues are fully utilized to prepare the culture medium which has nutrition, insecticidal and bactericidal functions, so that high-value utilization of the tea oil processing residues is realized.

Detailed Description

The following specific examples are further illustrative of the methods and techniques provided by the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.

For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and not to limit the claims thereto.

Example 1

Adding one third of oil tea meal in dry weight into the oil tea fruit shells which are not dried and crushed, adding urea, adjusting the C/N ratio to 30, adding a microbial mixed microbial inoculum of 4% of composting raw materials, adding water, turning over the piles, and uniformly mixing to enable the water content to reach about 60%. After two days, the temperature of the compost is increased to more than 50 ℃, the temperature of the compost is maintained at 55-70 ℃ for 5 days, the compost is turned and repeated for 3-4 times, when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, 2% of mixed microbial inoculum of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes is added, the temperature is reduced to room temperature after about 4 weeks, and the substrate is detected to be the cultivation substrate with the saponin content of 2.82%, the organic matter content of 57.65% and the C/N ratio of 16.92.

Example 2

Adding one fourth of oil tea meal in dry weight into the oil tea fruit shells which are not crushed, adding urea, adjusting the C/N ratio to 28, adding a microbial mixed microbial inoculum with 5% of composting raw materials, adding water, turning over and mixing uniformly to enable the water content to reach about 60%. After two days, the temperature of the compost is increased to more than 50 ℃, the temperature of the compost is maintained at 55-70 ℃ for 5 days, the compost is turned and repeated for 3-4 times, when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, 1 percent of mixed microbial inoculum of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes is added, the temperature is reduced to room temperature after about 4 weeks, and the substrate is detected to be the cultivation substrate with the saponin content of 2.34 percent, the organic matter content of 64.78 percent and the C/N ratio of 17.23.

Example 3

Adding one fifth of oil tea meal in dry weight into the oil tea fruit shell which is not crushed, adding urea, adjusting the C/N ratio to 27, adding a microbial mixed microbial inoculum of 3% of the composting raw materials, adding water, turning over the composting and uniformly mixing to enable the water content to reach about 60%. After two days, the temperature of the compost is increased to more than 50 ℃, the temperature of the compost is maintained at 55-70 ℃ for 5 days, the compost is turned and repeated for 3-4 times, when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, 5 percent of mixed microbial inoculum of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes is added, the temperature is reduced to room temperature after about 4 weeks, and the substrate is detected to be the culture substrate with the saponin content of 3.28 percent, the organic matter content of 70.12 percent and the C/N ratio of 17.98.

Example 4

Adding one tenth of oil tea meal in dry weight into the oil tea fruit shells which are not dried and crushed, adding urea, adjusting the C/N ratio to 25, adding a microbial mixed microbial inoculum of 2% of composting raw materials, adding water, turning over the heaps, and uniformly mixing to enable the water content to reach about 60%. After two days, the temperature of the compost is increased to more than 50 ℃, the temperature of the compost is maintained at 55-70 ℃ for 5 days, the compost is turned and repeated for 3-4 times, when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, 4 percent of mixed microbial inoculum of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes is added, the temperature is reduced to room temperature after about 4 weeks, and the substrate is detected to be the cultivation substrate with the saponin content of 3.00 percent, the organic matter content of 76.52 percent and the C/N ratio of 16.99.

Example 5

Adding one fourth of oil tea meal in dry weight into the oil tea fruit shells which are not crushed, adding urea, adjusting the C/N ratio to 26, adding a microbial mixed microbial inoculum of 3% of composting raw materials, adding water, turning over the piles, and uniformly mixing to enable the water content to reach about 60%. After two days, the temperature of the compost is increased to more than 50 ℃, the temperature of the compost is maintained at 55-70 ℃ for 5 days, the compost is turned and repeated for 3-4 times, when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, 3 percent of mixed microbial inoculum of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes is added, the temperature is reduced to room temperature after about 4 weeks, and the substrate is detected to be the cultivation substrate with the saponin content of 2.63 percent, the organic matter content of 78.41 percent and the C/N ratio of 17.21.

Example 6

Adding one fifth of oil tea meal in dry weight into the oil tea fruit shell which is not crushed, adding urea, adjusting the C/N ratio to 25-30, adding a microbial mixed microbial inoculum with 2% of composting raw materials, adding water, turning over and mixing uniformly to enable the water content to reach about 60%. After two days, the temperature of the compost is increased to more than 50 ℃, the temperature of the compost is maintained at 55-70 ℃ for 5 days, the compost is turned and repeated for 3-4 times, when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, 3 percent of mixed microbial inoculum of phanerochaete chrysosporium and basidiomycetes is added, the temperature is reduced to room temperature after about 4 weeks, and the substrate is detected to be the culture substrate with the saponin content of 2.98 percent, the organic matter content of 78.03 percent and the C/N ratio of 18.11.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for preparing the culture medium by using the camellia oleifera shells is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

uniformly stirring oil tea fruit shells, a starter, a surfactant, urea and a microorganism mixed microbial inoculum, adding water to adjust the water content to 55-60%, fermenting in a heat-preservation and ventilation composting device, raising the temperature to 55-70 ℃ after two days of fermentation, preserving the heat for 5-6 days, turning over the compost, repeating the steps for 3-4 times, adding functional bacteria to degrade cellulose and lignin which are difficult to decompose when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and obtaining a culture medium with insecticidal and sterilization effects when the composting is reduced to room temperature; the oil tea fruit shell, the initiating explosive, the surfactant, the urea and the mixed microbial inoculum are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 100 (5-30) (0.1-0.5) (2.5-3.2) (1-5); the microbial mixed microbial inoculum is indigenous microbes and tannin saponin degrading bacteria screened from naturally rotted oil-tea camellia shells, and the ratio of the indigenous microbes to the tannin saponin degrading bacteria is (6-4): 1; the indigenous microorganisms are mixed bacteria including aspergillus niger, penicillium and partial bacteria; the tannin saponin degrading bacteria are Klebsiella; the functional bacteria are lignin-degrading bacteria Phanerochaete chrysosporium and cellulose-degrading bacteria basidiomycetes screened from rotten fir; the initiating explosive is camellia oleifera seed meal, and the camellia oleifera seed meal is the residue after oil is extracted from camellia oleifera seeds; the surfactant is a biosurfactant which is a glycolipid substance produced by bacteria.

2. The method for preparing the culture medium from the camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium has a saponin content of 2-4%, an organic matter content of not less than 50% and a C/N ratio of 16-19.

3. The method for preparing a culture medium from camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein the camellia oleifera shells are shells of any camellia species without any crushing treatment, and the content of the camellia oleifera shells and the content of tea saponin in the shells are 4-5%.