CN103274780B - Method for producing organic fertilizer by utilizing hickory hulls - Google Patents

Method for producing organic fertilizer by utilizing hickory hulls Download PDF

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CN103274780B
CN103274780B CN201310201398.0A CN201310201398A CN103274780B CN 103274780 B CN103274780 B CN 103274780B CN 201310201398 A CN201310201398 A CN 201310201398A CN 103274780 B CN103274780 B CN 103274780B
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microbiobacterial agent
shell
aerobic fermentation
ageing
mixture
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CN103274780A (en
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杨柳
吕丹丹
罗胜华
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer and a production method thereof, and particularly relates to a method for producing an organic fertilizer by utilizing hickory hulls. The method comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing hull powder, meal and superphosphate, inoculating the obtained mixture into a microbial inoculan I after moisture is adjusted, and carrying out aerobic fermentation under the turning condition; after fermentation, inoculating a microbial inoculan II into the material, and then carrying out piled aging, drying, crushing, sieving and packaging and the like to obtain a hickory hull organic fertilizer. Aiming at the characteristics that lignin in the hull has a high content, and is difficult to break down, trametes gallic which has strong adaptability and is capable of breaking down lignin and cellulose is added during the piled aging, paint enzymes and lignin peroxidases generated in the growth process of the trametes gallic can promote conversion of lignin to humic acid, and simultaneously, lignin wrapped cellulose is released; and after the cellulose is treated at high temperature in the aerobic fermentation process, the cellulose is changed in structure, so that the cellulose is easily utilized by microbes, the material is composted more thoroughly, and the content of humic acid in the product is increased.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer and production method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of method of utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce fertilizer.
Background technology
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is the exocarp of Semen Caryae Cathayensis, and content of lignin is high, only has minority fungi energy lignin degrading.Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is alkalescence, contains the materials such as multiple alkaloid, flavones, tannins, and a lot of microorganisms of occurring in nature are difficult to survive therein, therefore Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell hard degradation, not perishable in environment.In Semen Caryae Cathayensis processing place, can produce approximately 5 times to the Pu shell of Semen Caryae Cathayensis drupe volume, a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell accumulations can have a strong impact on the ecotope in the Semen Caryae Cathayensis place of production.
On the active substance that the research of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell focuses mostly on wherein, as alkaloid, pigment, regianin etc.And aspect Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell recycling, study relatively less." Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell Comprehensive Treatment of Pollution and effect thereof " (kingdom's equality, modern agriculture science and technology, 2006) suggestions using Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell as alkaline fertilizer, agricultural chemicals or thin carbon utilization, but concrete grammar is not proposed.China Patent Publication No. CN101838163A(thoroughly effects a radical cure the effective ways of bamboo shoot shell Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contaminate environment, Yang Jun), open day on September 22nd, 2010, propose become sour bamboo shoot shell and the mixed fermentation of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell of anaerobically fermenting, tentatively realize the minimizing of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, but whole fermenting process, only up to 45~55 DEG C, is difficult to kill the disease bacterium such as the intestinal bacteria in material.(a kind of processing method of utilizing Hickory Hull to prepare bio-feritlizer such as Dong Minghua, China Patent Publication No. CN102674915A) utilize biological sludge and straw powder to mix with Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, make material anaerobically fermenting 8~10d at 33~35 DEG C by the microorganism in mud, the profit in this way product of preparation is become thoroughly decomposed not thorough, quality product is difficult to meet the requirements, and product likely there will be burning seedling phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem existing in prior art, one object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce fertilizer, the method can promote the xylogen in Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, cellulosic decomposition, improves the content of humic acid in fertilizer.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of employing is as follows:
Utilize Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce a method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that, at least comprise the steps:
Step 1., mixing of materials
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is ground into Pu shell powder, Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate is mixed, and add suitable quantity of water to regulate the moisture content of mixture;
Step 2., aerobic fermentation
In mixture, access the microbiobacterial agent I for making the abundant slaking of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, under turning at intermittence condition, carry out aerobic fermentation, in microbiobacterial agent I, at least contain aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete;
Step 3., the ageing of banking up
The access of material after finishing to aerobic fermentation is for making the lignin degradation of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell and forming the microbiobacterial agent II of humic acid, the ageing of banking up, and microbiobacterial agent II is Trametes gallica.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell quality is soft, and content of cellulose exceedes 15%, and content of lignin exceedes 40%, also contains the trace elements such as higher K, Ca and Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Cu.Therefore, Pu shell is good organic fertilizer production raw material.But in Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, wood fibre cellulose content is high, and most Mierocrystalline celluloses are wrapped up by xylogen, microorganism is difficult to utilize the natural cellulose of high-crystallinity, need to carry out pre-treatment to change material properties to lignocellulose, improve the utilization of microorganism to lignocellulose, the humic acid of the synthetic energy of lignin degradation post-concentration rehabilitating soil, the quality of raising Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell fertilizer.
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce the method for fertilizer, and its beneficial effect shows:
1), high for content of lignin in Pu shell, be difficult to the feature of decomposing, in the time banking up ageing, add strong adaptability, can decompose xylogen and cellulosic Trametes gallica, the laccase of the generation in Trametes gallica process of growth, lignin peroxidase can impel xylogen to transform to humic acid, discharge the Mierocrystalline cellulose of xylogen parcel simultaneously; Mierocrystalline cellulose is in aerobic fermentation process after the pyroprocessing of 60~70 DEG C, and structure changes and easily utilized by microorganism, and material becomes thoroughly decomposed more thorough, and increases content of humic acid in product.
2), the laccase that produces of Trametes gallica is a kind of polyphenoloxidase, the tannin in Pu shell, regianin can be transformed, and reduced toxic substance content in Pu shell, and remaining a small amount of polyphenols be conducive to suppress Plant diseases, reduces crop pest.
3), in the fertilizer raw material produced of method disclosed by the invention containing heavy metal, hormone etc., it is upper that the Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell fertilizer of preparation can be applied to organic crops plantation, improves quality of agricultural product.
4), the Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell of contaminate environment is converted into fertilizer by method disclosed by the invention, solved the pollution problem of Pu shell, and extended the industrial chain of Semen Caryae Cathayensis.
As the further embodiment of beneficial effect of the present invention, the present invention can also produce the fertilizer that quality is better by following technical proposals.
Comparatively perfect, after the ageing of banking up, also include dry, the operation of pulverizing and sieve.
Further, the described step 1. weight ratio of middle Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate is 50~60:40~50:3~5, and the particle diameter of described Pu shell powder is 1.0mm~1.8mm.
Further, described step 1. in the pH value of mixture be that 5.5~7.5, pH value is by the realization of interpolation calcium superphosphate.Adding water and regulating the moisture content of mixture is 60~70%, because Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell powder water-retaining capacity is strong, so the moisture content of fermentation raw material need be slightly high.Described step 1. in grouts be one or more in dregs of rapeseed cake, soybean cake, peanut dregs, cotton dregs.
Further, described step 2. in the weight of microbiobacterial agent I be mixture 0.5%, in microbiobacterial agent I, the colony-forming unit ratio of aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete is 1:1.5:1, in microbiobacterial agent I, bacteria containing amount is greater than 0.5 × 10 6individual/gram.Described step 2. discontinuous turning aerobic fermentation process is: mixture and microbiobacterial agent I carried out heap fermentation after 2~3 days, heap temperature rises to 60~70 DEG C, and (the microorganism growth speed of microbiobacterial agent I is fast, at this temperature, be difficult for dead) time, utilize turnover throwing machine to carry out turning, when heap temperature drops to 30~40 DEG C, aerobic fermentation finishes, and the aerobic fermentation time is 9~12 days.
Further, the described step 3. weight of middle access Trametes gallica is 50% of microbiobacterial agent I weight, and in described Trametes gallica, bacteria containing amount is greater than 2 × 10 5individual/gram.The described step ageing process of banking up in is 3.: the material that aerobic fermentation is finished moves to indoor stockyard, access microbiobacterial agent II, mix, pile the heap body of high 2m, the ageing of banking up, ageing process does not need turning, and white hypha to be grown disappears, ageing process finishes, and the ageing process time is 12~15 days.While decomposition because of lignin oxidation, heat production is little, and because of xylogen, to decompose the cellulose amount discharging less, and microorganism growth is slow, and heap temperature can acutely not rise.Bank up the ageing initial stage, can see that heap body content adularescent mycelia forms, with the delicate fragrance of basidiomycetes, later stage white hypha reduces, until disappear.
Trametes gallica non-refractory in microbiobacterial agent II and growth are slower, therefore need to add in the ageing stage of banking up.The nutritive substances such as protein in raw material, polysaccharide, hemicellulose can be utilized by microorganism and produce heat, temperature of charge has raise, Mierocrystalline cellulose is after long-time pyroprocessing, and crystalline texture is destroyed, and the Mierocrystalline cellulose not wrapped up by xylogen just can be utilized part in the aerobic fermentation stage.The Trametes gallica that the ageing stage adds of banking up can be grown taking Mierocrystalline cellulose as the energy, and lignin oxidation is degraded into quinone by laccase and the lignin peroxidase of generation, and quinone polymerization forms humic acid.When lignin degradation, discharge the Mierocrystalline cellulose being wrapped in.
Another object of the present invention is, provide a kind of total nutrient to be not less than 5%, organic content is not less than 60%, content of humic acid is not less than 5% fertilizer, this fertilizer is produced by aforesaid method, can be widely used in organic crops plantation upper, can significantly improve quality of agricultural product, and significantly improve Soil structure, reduce disease and pest.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Refer to Fig. 1, the present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce the method for fertilizer, its key step is: Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell powder, grouts, calcium superphosphate access microbiobacterial agent I after mixing, adjust moisture, under turning condition, carry out aerobic fermentation, after fermentation ends, in material, access microbiobacterial agent II, the ageing of banking up, then through super-dry, pulverize, sieve and packaging etc. obtains Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell fertilizer.
Embodiment 1
Step 1., mixing of materials
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is ground into the Pu shell powder that particle diameter is 1.3mm~1.5mm, is that 55:41:4 mixes by Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate according to weight ratio, and the pH value of mixture is 6.0~6.5, and adds suitable quantity of water to regulate the moisture content of mixture as 65%; Grouts are selected from peanut dregs.
Step 2., aerobic fermentation
Mixture and microbiobacterial agent I pile up (piling high 1m, the bar buttress of wide 2m) fermentation after 2~3 days, when heap temperature rises to 60~70 DEG C, utilize turnover throwing machine to carry out turning, when heap temperature drops to 30~40 DEG C, aerobic fermentation finishes, and the aerobic fermentation time is 9~12 days.
The weight of microbiobacterial agent I is 0.5% of mixture (comprising the water adding, lower same), and in microbiobacterial agent I, the colony-forming unit ratio of aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete is 1:1.5:1, and in microbiobacterial agent I, bacteria containing amount is greater than 0.5 × 10 6individual/gram.
Step 3., the ageing of banking up
The material that aerobic fermentation is finished moves to indoor stockyard, access microbiobacterial agent II, mix, pile the heap body of high 2m, the ageing of banking up, ageing process does not need turning, white hypha to be grown disappears, ageing process finishes, and the ageing process time is 12~15 days, and moisture content is down to below 40%.
Microbiobacterial agent II is Trametes gallica, and the weight of access Trametes gallica is 50% of microbiobacterial agent I weight, and in Trametes gallica, bacteria containing amount is greater than 2 × 10 5individual/gram.
Step 4., be dried, pulverize, sieve and pack, in dried fertilizer, moisture content is 25%.
The Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell fertilizer of preparing by this embodiment, total nutrient (nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide etc.) is 6%, and organic content is 65%, and content of humic acid is 7%.
Embodiment 2
Step 1., mixing of materials
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is ground into the Pu shell powder that particle diameter is 1.0mm~1.5mm, is that 50:45:5 mixes by Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate according to weight ratio, and the pH value of mixture is 6.0~7.0, and adds suitable quantity of water to regulate the moisture content of mixture as 60%; Grouts are selected from soybean cake.
Step 2., aerobic fermentation
Mixture and microbiobacterial agent I pile up (piling high 1m, the bar buttress of wide 2m) fermentation after 2~3 days, when heap temperature rises to 60~70 DEG C, utilize turnover throwing machine to carry out turning, when heap temperature drops to 30~40 DEG C, aerobic fermentation finishes, and the aerobic fermentation time is 9~12 days.
The weight of microbiobacterial agent I is 0.5% of mixture, and in microbiobacterial agent I, the colony-forming unit ratio of aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete is 1:1.5:1, and in microbiobacterial agent I, bacteria containing amount is greater than 0.5 × 10 6individual/gram.
Step 3., the ageing of banking up
The material that aerobic fermentation is finished moves to indoor stockyard, access microbiobacterial agent II, mix, pile the heap body of high 2m, the ageing of banking up, ageing process does not need turning, white hypha to be grown disappears, ageing process finishes, and the ageing process time is 12~15 days, and moisture content is down to below 40%.
Microbiobacterial agent II is Trametes gallica, and the weight of access Trametes gallica is 50% of microbiobacterial agent I weight, and in Trametes gallica, bacteria containing amount is greater than 2 × 10 5individual/gram.
Step 4., be dried, pulverize, sieve and pack.
The Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell fertilizer of preparing by this embodiment, total nutrient (nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide etc.) is 5%, and organic content is 68%, and content of humic acid is 8%.
Embodiment 3
Step 1., mixing of materials
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is ground into the Pu shell powder that particle diameter is 1.5mm~1.8mm, is that 57:40:3 mixes by Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate according to weight ratio, and the pH value of mixture is 5.5~6.5, and adds suitable quantity of water to regulate the moisture content of mixture as 70%; Grouts are selected from dregs of rapeseed cake.
Step 2., aerobic fermentation
Mixture and microbiobacterial agent I pile up (piling high 1m, the bar buttress of wide 2m) fermentation after 2~3 days, when heap temperature rises to 60~70 DEG C, utilize turnover throwing machine to carry out turning, when heap temperature drops to 30~40 DEG C, aerobic fermentation finishes, and the aerobic fermentation time is 9~12 days.
The weight of microbiobacterial agent I is 0.5% of mixture, and in microbiobacterial agent I, the colony-forming unit ratio of aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete is 1:1.5:1, and in microbiobacterial agent I, bacteria containing amount is greater than 0.5 × 10 6individual/gram.
Step 3., the ageing of banking up
The material that aerobic fermentation is finished moves to indoor stockyard, access microbiobacterial agent II, mix, pile the heap body of high 2m, the ageing of banking up, ageing process does not need turning, white hypha to be grown disappears, ageing process finishes, and the ageing process time is 12~15 days, and moisture content is down to below 40%.
Microbiobacterial agent II is Trametes gallica, and the weight of access Trametes gallica is 50% of microbiobacterial agent I weight, and in Trametes gallica, bacteria containing amount is greater than 2 × 10 5individual/gram.
Step 4., be dried, pulverize, sieve and pack.
The Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell fertilizer of preparing by this embodiment, total nutrient (nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide etc.) is 5.5%, and organic content is 70%, and content of humic acid is 7%.

Claims (4)

1. utilize Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell to produce a method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that, at least comprise the steps:
Step 1., mixing of materials
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell is ground into Pu shell powder, Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate is mixed, and add suitable quantity of water to regulate the moisture content of mixture; The weight ratio of Pu shell powder, grouts and calcium superphosphate is 50~60:40~50:3~5, and the particle diameter of described Pu shell powder is 1.0mm~1.8mm; The pH value of mixture is 5.5~7.5, and adding water and regulating the moisture content of mixture is 60~70%;
Step 2., aerobic fermentation
In mixture, access the microbiobacterial agent I for making the abundant slaking of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, under turning at intermittence condition, carry out aerobic fermentation, in microbiobacterial agent I, at least contain aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete; The weight of microbiobacterial agent I is 0.5% of mixture, and in microbiobacterial agent I, the colony-forming unit ratio of aspergillus niger, sporotrichum thermophile, thermophilic actinomycete is 1:1.5:1, and in microbiobacterial agent I, bacteria containing amount is greater than 0.5 × 10 6individual/gram;
Intermittently turning aerobic fermentation process is: mixture and microbiobacterial agent I carried out heap fermentation after 2~3 days, when heap temperature rises to 60~70 DEG C, utilize turnover throwing machine to carry out turning, when heap temperature drops to 30~40 DEG C, aerobic fermentation finishes, and the aerobic fermentation time is 9~12 days;
Step 3., the ageing of banking up
The access of material after finishing to aerobic fermentation is for making the lignin degradation of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell and forming the microbiobacterial agent II of humic acid, the ageing of banking up, and microbiobacterial agent II is Trametes gallica; The weight of access Trametes gallica is 50% of microbiobacterial agent I weight, and in described Trametes gallica, bacteria containing amount is greater than 2 × 10 5individual/gram;
The ageing process of banking up is: the material that aerobic fermentation is finished moves to indoor stockyard, and access microbiobacterial agent II, mixes, pile the heap body of high 2m, the ageing of banking up, ageing process does not need turning, white hypha to be grown disappears, and ageing process finishes, and the ageing process time is 12~15 days.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also includes dry, the operation of pulverizing and sieve after the ageing of banking up.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 1. in grouts be one or more in dregs of rapeseed cake, soybean cake, peanut dregs, cotton dregs.
4. the fertilizer of producing according to method described in claim 1~3 any one, is characterized in that, in described fertilizer, total nutrient is not less than 5%, and organic content is not less than 60%, and content of humic acid is not less than 5%.
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