CN113860950A - Medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113860950A
CN113860950A CN202111179911.1A CN202111179911A CN113860950A CN 113860950 A CN113860950 A CN 113860950A CN 202111179911 A CN202111179911 A CN 202111179911A CN 113860950 A CN113860950 A CN 113860950A
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parts
soil
hickory
hulls
storage
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刘琛
傅庆林
林义成
裘高扬
郭彬
李华
刘俊丽
陈晓冬
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and relates to a medium and low yield farmland topsoil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent and a preparation method thereof. The paint comprises the following components in parts by mass: 85-90 parts of a soil amplified storage fertilizer base material, 1-4 parts of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of lime, 1-2 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, wherein the soil amplified storage fertilizer base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of hickory outer cattail shell, 10-25 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of humic acid and 10-20 parts of sheep manure. The invention has important significance for preventing soil acidification, increasing plough layer thickness, breaking soil hardening, preserving water and fertilizer, improving soil fertility, preventing and treating soil-borne diseases and insect pests and improving crop yield.

Description

Medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and relates to a medium and low yield farmland topsoil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the attention paid to soil conditioners worldwide, the soil conditioners are widely applied, such as soil moisturizing agents, soil loosening agents, sand fixing agents, fertility increasing agents, disinfectants, acid and alkali reducing agents and the like. However, the soil conditioner with single function type is not comprehensive in improvement effect, and may have negative effects. The two soil conditioners are mixed for use, although the effect of improving the soil is greatly improved due to obvious orthogonal interaction, the effect is not good when the soil conditioner or the chemical fertilizer is applied singly in some poor farmlands with poor structures and low fertility. The soil storage-enlarging and capacity-increasing fertilizer is gradually rising as a soil improvement fertilizer, if researches are carried out, wheat straws, corn straws, straw charcoal, rape residues, rape straws, sawdust, charcoal, activated carbon, domestic furnace slag, construction waste and other raw materials are mixed and stirred with chemical preparations such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea and the like according to a certain proportion, and finally various soil storage-enlarging and capacity-increasing fertilizers are formed by granulation. However, the soil water-storage-increasing and capacity-increasing modifying agent for improving the medium and low-yield fields has not been successfully developed by utilizing resources such as the hulls of the southern hickory nuts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the medium and low-yield farmland plough layer soil warehouse-expanding storage improving agent.
The medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 85-90 parts of soil amplified storage fertilizer base material, 1-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of lime, 1-2 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide.
In the medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir amplification and storage modifier, the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of hickory hulls, 10-25 parts of straws, 10-20 parts of humic acid and 10-20 parts of sheep manure.
In the medium and low yield farmland topsoil reservoir amplification and storage modifier, the preparation method of the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material comprises the following steps: crushing hulls of hickory nuts and straw stalks, mixing the crushed hulls with humic acid and sheep manure, adjusting the initial C/N to 25-35 through the straw stalks and the sheep manure, adding a microbial inoculum 1, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding water to adjust the water content to 50-65%, then composting and fermenting, keeping the temperature for 5-6 days when the temperature is increased to be higher than 50 ℃, turning piles after 5-6 days, cooling the temperature to be lower than 40 ℃ to obtain a fermented material, adding a microbial inoculum 2, and cooling the fermented material to room temperature to obtain the soil warehouse-expansion-based storage fertilizer base material.
In the medium and low yield farmland topsoil reservoir amplification and storage modifier, the preparation method of the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material comprises the following steps: crushing the hulls of the hickory and straw stalks, mixing the crushed hulls of the hickory with humic acid and sheep manure, respectively adding white rot fungi with the mass of 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the hulls of the hickory, 1 to 2 percent of cane sugar and 30 to 35 percent of water, adjusting the water content to be 50 to 65 weight percent, uniformly mixing the crushed hulls of the hickory, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning and throwing operation, sealing and stacking at the temperature of between 26 and 28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 days, turning, intermittently turning and mixing in the composting period, intermittently turning for 2-3 times with the interval duration of 3-5 days, obtaining a fermented material when the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls into the fermented material, stacking for 10-15 days at 25-28 ℃, turning and mixing at the high temperature of 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier.
In the medium and low-yield farmland topsoil reservoir-expanding storage-increasing modifier, the microbial inoculum 1 is white rot fungi, and the addition amount of the microbial inoculum 1 is 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the hickory hulls.
In the medium and low-yield farmland topsoil warehouse-expanding storage-increasing modifier, the microbial inoculum 2 is trichoderma, and the addition amount of the microbial inoculum 2 is 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the hickory hulls.
A preparation method of a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials, namely preparing the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of hickory outer cattail shell, 10-25 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of sheep manure, 1-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of lime, 1-2 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide,
step 2, preparing a soil warehouse expansion storage improver base material, crushing hickory hulls and straws into powder, uniformly paving the powder on the ground, uniformly laminating humic acid and sheep manure on the hickory hulls and straw powder, respectively adding white rot fungi with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls, 1-2% of cane sugar and 30-35% of water, adjusting the water content to 50-65 wt%, uniformly mixing the hickory hulls, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning operation, stacking in a sealing way at the temperature of 26-28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 days, turning, intermittently turning and mixing in the composting period, intermittently turning for 2-3 times with the interval duration of 3-5 days, obtaining a fermented material when the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls into the fermented material, stacking for 10-15 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃, turning and mixing at the high temperature of 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier for expanding the warehouse,
and 3, mixing, namely screening the components by a 20-mesh sieve according to the proportion of 85-90 parts of the soil reservoir amplification fertilizer base material, 1-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of lime, 1-2 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, uniformly mixing, granulating and packaging to obtain the finished product of the soil reservoir amplification modifier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the soil warehouse-expanding storage modifier is produced by adopting raw materials including hickory hulls, straws, humic acid, sheep manure, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, lime, bentonite, polyacrylamide and trichoderma, not only solves the problem of environmental pollution of the hickory hulls by degrading the lignin of the hickory hulls, but also solves the problem of selecting and proportioning biocontrol bacteria, water-retaining agents and fertilizers, and has important significance for preventing soil acidification, increasing the thickness of plough layers, breaking hardened soil, retaining water and fertilizer, improving soil fertility, preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases and insect pests and improving crop yield.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of hickory hulls, 25 parts of straws, 20 parts of sheep manure and 10 parts of humic acid, 0.3% of white rot fungi and 2% of cane sugar are added according to the mass of the hickory hulls, 30-35% of water is added to adjust the water content to be 50-65% (the water content refers to the total water content of all components), and the components are mixed and fermented to obtain a base material of the warehouse-expanding storage-increasing modifier;
according to the mass parts: and uniformly mixing 90 parts of the base material of the reservoir expansion and storage modifier, 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 part of lime and 2 parts of bentonite to obtain a matrix 1.
The embodiment also provides a medium and low yield farmland topsoil reservoir expansion and storage modifier which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45 parts of hickory hulls, 10 parts of straws, 10 parts of sheep manure and 20 parts of humic acid, wherein the initial C/N is 25-35, 0.2% of white rot fungi and 2% of cane sugar are added according to the mass of the hickory hulls, 30-35% of water is added to adjust the water content to be 50-65%, and the mixture is mixed and fermented to obtain a base material of the modifier for expanding the warehouse and increasing the storage;
according to the mass parts: 85 parts of base material of the reservoir amplification and storage modifier, 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of lime and 1 part of bentonite are mixed uniformly to obtain a matrix 2.
The tomato is cultivated by adopting a substrate 1 and a substrate 2, and the tomato is cultivated by uniformly mixing 85 parts of local cultivation soil, 2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of sheep manure, 2 parts of lime and 3 parts of bentonite as a contrast, wherein the variety is Zhe powder No. 3.
TABLE 1 Effect of different substrates on tomato fruit and yield
Figure BDA0003296630020000051
As can be seen from table 1, the fruit shape index of matrix 1 reached 0.85, which is 13.5% higher than that of the control, but the fruit shape index of matrix 2 is not significantly different from that of the control; the single fruit weight of the substrate 1 and the substrate 2 is 137.21g and 136.91g respectively, which are respectively increased by 15.0 percent and 14.8 percent compared with the control; the yields of substrate 1 and substrate 2 were 23.89kg.m, respectively-2And 22.99kg.m-2The improvement is 50.9 percent and 45.2 percent respectively compared with the control.
The concrete preparation process of the soil reservoir amplification and storage improvement agent base material is as follows: crushing the hulls of the hickory and straw stalks, mixing the crushed hulls of the hickory with humic acid and sheep manure, respectively adding white rot fungi with the mass of 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the hulls of the hickory, 1 to 2 percent of cane sugar and 30 to 35 percent of water, adjusting the water content to be 50 to 65 weight percent, uniformly mixing the crushed hulls of the hickory, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning and throwing operation, sealing and stacking at the temperature of between 26 and 28 ℃,
when the temperature is increased to be more than 50 ℃, the mixture is turned after the temperature is kept for 5 to 6 days, the mixture is turned and mixed intermittently in the composting period, the intermittent turning frequency is 2 to 3 times, the interval duration is 3 to 5 days, the fermented material is obtained after the temperature is reduced to be less than 40 ℃, trichoderma with the quality of 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the hickory hulls is added into the fermented material, the mixture is stacked for 10 to 15 days at the temperature of between 25 and 28 ℃, the mixture is turned and mixed at the high temperature of 180 ℃ with 160 organic chemicals until the water content is lower than 8 percent, and the base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier is obtained after the mixture is cooled to the room temperature.
Example 2
This example provides the following soil-expanded storage fertilizer fermentations,
the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 percent of hickory hulls, 10 percent of straws, 10 percent of bean cakes, 10 percent of sheep manure and 10 percent of humic acid, 0.3 percent of white rot fungi and 2 percent of cane sugar are added according to the mass of the hickory hulls, 30 to 35 percent of water is added to adjust the water content to be 50 to 65 percent, and the components are mixed and fermented.
The composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 percent of hickory hulls, 20 percent of straws, 10 percent of sheep manure and 10 percent of humic acid, 0.3 percent of white rot fungi and 2 percent of cane sugar are added according to the mass of the hickory hulls, 30 to 35 percent of water is added to adjust the water content to be 50 to 65 percent, and the components are mixed and fermented.
The composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 percent of hickory hulls, 10 percent of straws, 20 percent of sheep manure and 10 percent of humic acid, 0.3 percent of white rot fungi and 2 percent of cane sugar are added according to the mass of the hickory hulls, 30 to 35 percent of water is added to adjust the water content to be 50 to 65 percent, and the components are mixed and fermented.
The composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 percent of hickory hulls, 10 percent of straws, 10 percent of sheep manure and 20 percent of humic acid, 0.3 percent of white rot fungi and 2 percent of cane sugar are added according to the mass of the hickory hulls, 30 to 35 percent of water is added to adjust the water content to be 50 to 65 percent, and the components are mixed and fermented.
The fermented material is different in the addition of straw, bean cake, sheep manure and humic acid in percentage by mass.
Using A, B, C, D and other 4 kinds of fermented materials as main materials, and forming 4 matrixes with different proportions according to 60% of fermented materials, 20% of vermiculite and 20% of perlite, wherein the 4 matrixes are all 4 kg.m-3And mixing APEX slow release fertilizer. The diameter of the upper opening of a plastic pot for planting small photinia fraseri seedlings is 10cm, and each pot is filled with 400g of matrix. The test was repeated 4 times for 16 pots, completely randomly arranged, harvested after 8 weeks of culture, and the plant height and the dry weight of the above-ground part were measured.
As can be seen from Table 1, the difference in water-to-air ratio (i.e., the ratio of large to small pores) between the 4 treated heaps was significant, ranging from 0.29 to 0.55, with B > C > D > A in order. It is believed that an optimum moisture-to-air ratio for agricultural substrates is between 0.33 and 0.66, i.e., between about 25% and 40% air and between about 60% and 75% moisture in the substrate. The water-air ratio of the agricultural substrate is very suitable for the root system of the seedling and the growth and development of the plant. From the test results, the water-air ratios of the substrate B and the substrate C are respectively 0.37 and 0.66 in the range of the water-air ratio suitable for the growth of plants; the water-gas ratio of the treatment A and the treatment D is respectively 0.29 and 0.25, which are both smaller than the water-gas ratio range suitable for seedling planting. The water holding capacity of each treatment is ranked as C > B > D > A. Wherein the maximum saturated water holding capacity of the treatment C is 84.0%, and the second treatment B is 77.1%. The result shows that the hickory husk matrix has strong water retention capacity.
TABLE 2 physicochemical properties of four different substrates and the effect on Photinia fraseri growth
Figure BDA0003296630020000071
It can also be seen from table 2 that the photinia fraseri grows best in the two retted substrates treated B, C, with significantly higher dry matter biomass and plant height of the aerial parts than in the other two heaped substrates a and D.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent which comprises the following components in parts by mass: adding 0.3 wt% of white rot fungi, 1.5 wt% of cane sugar and 30-35 wt% of water according to the mass of the hickory hulls, adjusting the water content to be 50-65 wt% (the water content refers to the total water content of each component), uniformly mixing the hickory hulls, straw powder, humic acid, sheep manure and white rot fungi through turning and throwing operation, hermetically stacking at 26-28 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 days when the temperature is increased to be more than 50 ℃, turning and throwing intermittently and mixing during composting, wherein the number of intermittent turning and throwing is 2-3, the interval time is 3-5 days, and the temperature is reduced to be below 40 ℃ to obtain a fermented material;
adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.2% of hickory hulls into the fermentation material, stacking for 10-15 days at 25-28 ℃, stirring at the high temperature of 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the soil storage amplification improver base material 1.
Adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.3% of hickory hulls into the fermentation material, stacking for 10-15 days at 25-28 ℃, stirring at the high temperature of 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the soil storage amplification improver base material 2.
Stacking the fermented materials at 25-28 ℃ for 10-15 days, stirring at 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a blank reference substrate.
The base materials in weight ratio: vermiculite: uniformly stirring the perlite in a ratio of 6:2:2, adjusting the water content to 60%, then putting the substrate into a 50-hole plug tray, sowing 1 seed in each hole, covering with corresponding seedling raising soil, watering thoroughly, and covering with a double-layer sunshade net for keeping moisture. And when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, finishing seedling culture and measuring related indexes. Strong seedling index (stem thickness/plant height) x dry weight of the whole plant (g).
Adopt eggplant cultivated in a pot, after the eggplant is transplanted, inoculate eggplant sclerotiniose sclerotinia sclerotiorum after the suitable period of morbidity, every is handled and is established 30 eggplant, and every is handled and sets up 4 and repeat, records the eggplant morbidity condition after 1 month.
TABLE 3 Effect of different substrates on eggplant fruits and yields
Figure BDA0003296630020000081
As shown in Table 3, the weight average of the plant height, stem thickness, aerial parts and root stems was the highest with the substrate 1 treatment, which was significantly higher than the plant height, stem thickness, aerial parts and root dry weights of the substrate 2 and the control. Therefore, the strong seedling index was the greatest with matrix 1 treatment, significantly higher than other treatments, with no significant difference between other treatments.
TABLE 4 control of sclerotinia rot of potted eggplant with different substrates
Figure BDA0003296630020000082
Pot experiments show that (table 4), the trichoderma has good control effect on eggplant sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the control effect of 0.2 percent and 0.3 percent of application amount can reach 74.68 percent and 76.09 percent.
Example 4
A preparation method of a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials, namely preparing the following components in parts by mass: 45 parts of hickory nut outer cattail shell, 25 parts of straw, 10 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of sheep manure, 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of lime, 1 part of bentonite and 5 parts of polyacrylamide,
step 2, preparing a soil warehouse expansion storage improver base material, crushing hickory hulls and straws into powder, uniformly paving the crushed hickory hulls and straws on the ground, uniformly stacking humic acid and sheep manure on the hickory hulls and straw powder, respectively adding white rot fungi with the quality of 0.2 percent of the hickory hulls, 1 percent of cane sugar and 30 to 35 percent of water, adjusting the water content to be 50 weight percent, uniformly mixing the hickory hulls, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning operation, sealing and stacking at the temperature of 26 to 28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, the mixture is turned after the temperature is kept for 5 to 6 days, the mixture is turned and mixed intermittently in the composting period, the intermittent turning frequency is 2 to 3 times, the interval duration is 3 to 5 days, the fermented material is obtained after the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, trichoderma with the quality of 0.3 percent of the hickory hulls is added into the fermented material, the mixture is stacked for 10 to 15 days at the temperature of 25 to 28 ℃, the mixture is turned and mixed at the high temperature of 180 ℃ with 160 ℃ to the water content of lower than 8 percent by weight, the mixture is cooled to the room temperature, the base material of the soil storage-expanding improver is obtained,
and 3, mixing, namely screening the components by a 20-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing, granulating and packaging according to the proportion of 85 parts of the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material, 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of lime, 1 part of bentonite and 5 parts of polyacrylamide to obtain a finished product of the soil reservoir amplification and storage modifier.
Example 5
A preparation method of a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials, namely preparing the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of hickory nut hulls, 10 parts of straws, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of sheep manure, 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 part of lime, 2 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of polyacrylamide,
step 2, preparing a soil warehouse expansion storage improver base material, crushing hickory hulls and straws into powder, uniformly paving the powder on the ground, uniformly laminating humic acid and sheep manure on the hickory hulls and straw powder, respectively adding white rot fungi with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls, 1-2% of cane sugar and 30-35% of water, adjusting the water content to 50-65 wt%, uniformly mixing the hickory hulls, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning operation, stacking in a sealing way at the temperature of 26-28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, the mixture is turned after the temperature is kept for 5 to 6 days, the mixture is turned and mixed intermittently in the composting period, the intermittent turning frequency is 2 to 3 times, the interval duration is 3 to 5 days, when the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, a fermented material is obtained, trichoderma with the quality of 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the hickory hulls is added into the fermented material, after the mixture is stacked for 10 to 15 days at the temperature of between 25 and 28 ℃, the mixture is turned and mixed at the high temperature of between 160 and 180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8 percent by weight, when the temperature is lowered to the room temperature, the base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier for expanding the warehouse is obtained,
and 3, mixing, namely screening the components by a 20-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing, granulating and packaging according to the proportion of 90 parts of the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material, 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 part of lime, 2 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of polyacrylamide to obtain a finished product of the soil reservoir amplification and storage modifier.
Example 6
A preparation method of a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials, namely preparing the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of hickory outer cattail shell, 15 parts of straw, 15 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of sheep manure, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of lime, 1.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of polyacrylamide,
step 2, preparing a soil warehouse-expanding storage improver base material, crushing hickory hulls and straws into powder, uniformly paving the powder on the ground, uniformly laminating humic acid and sheep manure on the hickory hulls and straw powder, respectively adding white rot fungi with the quality of 0.25 percent of the hickory hulls, 1.5 percent of cane sugar and 32 percent of water, adjusting the water content to be 58wt percent, uniformly mixing the hickory hulls, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning and throwing operation, sealing and stacking at the temperature of 26-28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 days, turning, intermittently turning and mixing in the composting period, intermittently turning for 2-3 times with the interval duration of 3-5 days, obtaining a fermented material when the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.25 percent of the hickory hulls into the fermented material, stacking for 10-15 days at 25-28 ℃, turning and mixing at the high temperature of 180 ℃ at 160 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8 percent by weight, and obtaining a base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier when the temperature is lowered to the room temperature,
and 3, mixing, sieving the components by a 20-mesh sieve according to the proportion of 87 parts of the soil reservoir amplification fertilizer base material, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of lime, 1.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of polyacrylamide, uniformly mixing, granulating and packaging to obtain a finished product of the soil reservoir amplification modifier.
Application example
The finished product of the soil warehouse expansion and storage improvement agent of the example 6 is taken, and the dosage is 1000kg. (667m)-2(N1) in an amount of 1500kg (667m)-2(N2) in an amount of 2000kg. (667m)-2(N3) in an amount of 2500kg. (667m)-2(N4)。
The soil to be tested is yellow-stringy mud field, the pH of the soil is 5.18, and the organic matter is 29.60 g/kg-11.99 g/kg of total nitrogen-1154.44 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-15.18 mg/kg of available phosphorus-197.26 mg/kg quick-acting potassium-1Cation exchange capacity 18.84cmol kg-1。
The field test adopts 5 treatments: the amount of the soil reservoir expansion and storage improver (CK) is not applied, and the amount of the soil reservoir expansion and storage improver is 1000kg (667m)-2(N1)、1500kg. (667m)-2(N2)、2000kg.(667m)-2(N3) and 2500kg. (667m)-2(N4). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and each cell area was 10m × 5m — 50m2. And (4) randomly arranging. The application amount of each treated chemical fertilizer is N180 kg.hm-2，P2O590 kg·hm-2， K2O 120kg·hm-2The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are applied at one time, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: and (3) topdressing, namely 1: 1 is applied. The test is to sow rice seeds in late 4 th of the month in 2020, transplant in the early 6 th of the month and harvest in middle 9 th of the month. In the final stage of tilleringAnd (4) baking the field, wetting and drying in the booting stage and the mature stage, wherein the rice management measures in the whole growth period are consistent. The rice variety is Zhejiang excellent 18.
TABLE 5
Influence of different dosage of soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent on chemical properties of yellow-gluten mud field soil
Figure BDA0003296630020000121
As can be seen from Table 5, the different amounts of the soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent have different degrees of influence on the chemical properties of the soil in the yellow-stringy mud field. The pH values of the surface layers of the soils treated by N1, N2, N3 and N4 are obviously increased, and are increased from 5.18 of CK to 5.85-6.78 and are increased by 1.17-1.60 units. The result shows that the soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent can obviously improve the soil acidification problem of the yellow-gluten mud field, improve the pH value and reduce the soil acidity. Compared with CK, the content of organic matters in soil treated by N1, N2, N3 and N4 is also obviously improved, which shows that the addition of the soil reservoir expansion storage improver has an obvious promotion effect on the increase of the organic matters in the soil. The total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil have no significant difference between the treatments. Compared with CK, the soil effective phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium treated by N1, N2, N3 and N4 are obviously improved, which shows that the soil reservoir expansion storage improving agent can improve the soil effective phosphorus content and the soil quick-acting potassium content. From the above, the amount of the soil reservoir amplification/storage improving agent used was 1500kg (667m)-2(N2) or 2000kg. (667m)-2(N3) is most suitable.
TABLE 6 influence of different amounts of soil storage-increasing improver on the yield of rice in yellow-gluten mud field
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from Table 6, the amount of the soil improvement agent for soil improvement in the warehouse was 1500kg (667m)-2(N2) and 2000kg. (667m)-2The yield of the rice treated by the (N3) is the highest, and is increased by 30.0 percent and 30.6 percent respectively compared with that of the control rice (CK). Therefore, the dosage of the soil reservoir amplification and storage improving agent can be determined to be 1500kg (667m)-2(N2) or 2000kg. (667m)-2(N3) is the best dosage for high yield of rice in the yellow gluten mud field.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The medium and low-yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir expansion and storage improving agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
85-90 parts of soil amplified storage fertilizer base material, 1-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1-3 parts of lime.
2. The medium and low-yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir amplification and storage improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of hickory outer cattail shell, 10-25 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of humic acid and 10-20 parts of sheep manure.
3. The medium and low-yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir amplification and storage improver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material is as follows: crushing hulls of hickory nuts and straw stalks, mixing the crushed hulls with humic acid and sheep manure, adjusting the initial C/N to 25-35 through the straw stalks and the sheep manure, adding a microbial inoculum 1, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding water to adjust the water content to 50-65%, then composting and fermenting, when the temperature is increased to be higher than 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-6 days, turning over piles, and when the temperature is reduced to be lower than 40 ℃, obtaining a fermented material, adding a microbial inoculum 2, and when the temperature is reduced to be room temperature, obtaining a soil warehouse expansion and storage fertilizer base material.
4. The medium and low-yield farmland plough layer soil reservoir amplification and storage improver as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the soil reservoir amplification and storage fertilizer base material is as follows: crushing the hulls of the hickory and straw stalks, mixing the crushed hulls of the hickory with humic acid and sheep manure, respectively adding white rot fungi with the mass of 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the hulls of the hickory, 1 to 2 percent of cane sugar and 30 to 35 percent of water, adjusting the water content to be 50 to 65 weight percent, uniformly mixing the crushed hulls of the hickory, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning and throwing operation, sealing and stacking at the temperature of between 26 and 28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 days, turning, intermittently turning and mixing in the composting period, intermittently turning for 2-3 times with the interval duration of 3-5 days, obtaining a fermented material when the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls into the fermented material, stacking for 10-15 days at 25-28 ℃, turning and mixing at the high temperature of 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier.
5. The medium and low-yield farmland topsoil warehouse-expansion storage improver as claimed in claim 3, wherein the microbial inoculum 1 is white rot fungi, and the addition amount of the microbial inoculum 1 is 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the hickory hulls.
6. The medium and low-yield farmland topsoil warehouse-expansion storage improving agent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the microbial inoculum 2 is trichoderma, and the addition amount of the microbial inoculum 2 is 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the hickory hulls.
7. A preparation method of a medium and low yield farmland plough layer soil warehouse expansion and storage improving agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials, namely preparing the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of hickory outer cattail shell, 10-25 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of sheep manure, 1-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of lime, 1-2 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide,
step 2, preparing a soil warehouse expansion storage improver base material, crushing hickory hulls and straws into powder, uniformly paving the powder on the ground, uniformly laminating humic acid and sheep manure on the hickory hulls and straw powder, respectively adding white rot fungi with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls, 1-2% of cane sugar and 30-35% of water, adjusting the water content to 50-65 wt%, uniformly mixing the hickory hulls, the straw powder, the humic acid, the sheep manure and the white rot fungi through turning operation, stacking in a sealing way at the temperature of 26-28 ℃,
when the temperature is raised to be higher than 50 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 days, turning, intermittently turning and mixing in the composting period, intermittently turning for 2-3 times with the interval duration of 3-5 days, obtaining a fermented material when the temperature is lowered to be lower than 40 ℃, adding trichoderma with the quality of 0.2-0.3% of the hickory hulls into the fermented material, stacking for 10-15 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃, turning and mixing at the high temperature of 160-180 ℃ until the water content is lower than 8%, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a base material of the soil storage-increasing modifier for expanding the warehouse,
and 3, mixing, namely screening the components by a 20-mesh sieve according to the proportion of 85-90 parts of the soil reservoir amplification fertilizer base material, 1-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of lime, 1-2 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, uniformly mixing, granulating and packaging to obtain the finished product of the soil reservoir amplification modifier.
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