CN108450265A - A kind of paddy rice nursery method - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice nursery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108450265A CN108450265A CN201810283859.6A CN201810283859A CN108450265A CN 108450265 A CN108450265 A CN 108450265A CN 201810283859 A CN201810283859 A CN 201810283859A CN 108450265 A CN108450265 A CN 108450265A
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- seedling
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- paddy rice
- raising ground
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of paddy rice nursery methods, include the following steps：(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, the seedling raising ground substance includes the raw material of following parts by weight：0.8 72 parts of 80 90 parts of stalk, 10 20 parts of straw charcoal, 5 15 parts of animal wastes, 5 15 parts of clinker, 0.04 0.05 parts of fermenting microbe and water.(2) seedling raising ground substance is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is used as earthing after being mixed with charcoal base manure, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as compost；It is seeded in compost, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, spray the aqueous solution of wood vinegar；(3) after seed sprouting, charcoal base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, and sprays the aqueous solution of wood vinegar.The soilless culture medium of the present invention can reduce environmental pollution caused by crop straw burning, it effectively solves salt-soda soil seedling to fetch earth difficulty, bed soil shortage of resources, the problems such as seedling cost is high, is that innoxious, inexpensive, the low-carbon direction of seedling-cultivation technique are developed and provide new way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dry rice seedling technical fields, and in particular to a kind of rice in saline-alkali field dry rice seedling method.
Background technology
China is dispersed with the salt-soda soil of large area, and in recent years, rice in saline-alkali field cultivated area constantly expands, and shows therewith
Rice yield is low, plantation deficiency in economic performance, to lack the problems such as efficiency cultivation technology for high outstanding day by day.Wherein, rice in saline-alkali field seedling
Hardly possible becomes matter of utmost importance urgently to be resolved hurrily.Traditional dry rice seedling technology is simple and easy to do, but in salinization of soil area, due in soil
Saline and alkaline to be unfavorable for seedling growth, so being difficult to acquire there is bed soil for raising seedlings, bed soil acid-base value is not easy to control, fetches earth and applies year after year
It is easy to cause ecological disruption with pesticide, and the problems such as rice seedling growth is slow, and the seedbed phase is long, rice shoot susceptible disease.
For this purpose, Chinese patent literature CN103202196B discloses a kind of quick dry rice seedling method of rice in saline-alkali field, the party
Method includes the following steps：One, brine is soaked seed；Two, match soil sowing；Three, overlay film vernalization；Four, temperature control seedling；Five, it divulges information and practices seedling.On
It states technology to soak seed by using brine, rice shoot can be made to adapt to saline and alkaline adverse circumstance in advance, improve salt tolerant alkali ability and the transplanting of rice shoot
Survival rate；By using turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil mixture as seedling bed earth, solve the problems, such as that bed soil acidity is difficult to；It is logical
It crosses and uses overlay film temperature control nursery, reduce the influence of chilling injury, promote seed sprouting fast, go out full stand, shorten growing-seedling period,
Reduce the generation of seedbed disease.However, since turfy soil is the product in formation process of bog, it is formed in the Quaternary Period, by natural pond
The residuum of damp plant cannot decompose completely under the anaerobic condition of more water accumulates, and is a kind of natural resources of preciousness, excellent
Point is that quality is soft, is in subacidity, but the disadvantage is that not having water-retaining property, the seedbed soil so as to cause above-mentioned technology still remains
Fetch earth difficult problem, and water retention property is bad, this undoubtedly increases the difficulty and cost of seedling.
Invention content
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that rice in saline-alkali field method of raising seedling in the prior art is overcome to be deposited
The difficulty that fetches earth, the ineffective defect of poor water retention property, seedling, to provide it is a kind of using soilless substrate, water-retaining property is strong, educates
The good paddy rice nursery method of seedling effect.
For this purpose, the present invention provides a kind of paddy rice nursery method, include the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, the seedling raising ground substance includes the raw material of following parts by weight：80-90 parts of stalk, straw charcoal
0.8-72 parts of 10-20 parts, 5-15 parts of animal wastes, 5-15 parts of clinker, 0.04-0.05 parts of fermenting microbe and water.
(2) seedling raising ground substance is divided into two parts, conduct after seedling raising ground substance described in a portion is mixed with charcoal base manure
Earthing, seedling raising ground substance described in remainder is as compost；
It is seeded in the compost, and the earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, spray the aqueous solution of wood vinegar；
(3) after the seed sprouting, charcoal base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, and sprays the aqueous solution of wood vinegar.
The paddy rice nursery method, the preparation method of seedling raising ground substance described in step (1) are as follows：
S1, stalk is mixed, stacking, overlay film with fermenting microbe, water, in 10-40 DEG C of heat-preservation fermentation 10-15 days, obtains stalk
Decomposed material；
S2, by straw decomposing material and straw charcoal, animal wastes, clinker mixture to obtain the final product.
The paddy rice nursery method, the turning when stacking temperature reaches 50-60 DEG C；And/or
With agitating mode mixture 3-5 minutes of 20-30r/min.
Preferably, the fermenting microbe is mass ratio (3-5)：The saccharomycete of (5-7) and lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the saccharomycete is Candida, and bacteria containing amount is (5-10) × 108CFU/g。
Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria is plant lactobacillus, and bacteria containing amount is (12-30) × 108CFU/g。
Preferably, the straw charcoal is that stalk is warming up to 450-650 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 1-5 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 1-3s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time.
Preferably, the stalk is mass ratio (7-8)：1 maize straw and rice straw.
Preferably, the stalk, straw charcoal, animal wastes, clinker grain size be 40-60 mesh.
The paddy rice nursery method, the thickness of earthing described in step (2) is 0.5-0.8cm, per 100m2It is described to cover
The charcoal base manure dosage in soil is 7.5-20kg.
The paddy rice nursery method, in step (3), be unearthed respectively in rice shoot, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves one
The charcoal base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields when the heart.
The paddy rice nursery method, per 100m2The compost spreads fertilizer over the fields the charcoal base manure of 2.5-4kg every time.
The paddy rice nursery method, wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 are mixed to form the aqueous solution of the wood vinegar.
The paddy rice nursery method, in step (2), per 100m2The wood vinegar of the compost sprinkling 2-3kg
Aqueous solution.
The paddy rice nursery method in step (3), monitors the pH value of the compost in real time, when pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of the wood vinegar is sprayed, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5.The paddy rice nursery method controls seedling process
Middle temperature is 25-28 DEG C, humidity 25-35%.
Technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages that：
1. paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention is raw material by using stalk, straw charcoal, animal wastes, clinker etc.
Seedling raising ground substance is prepared, compared with prior art, soilless culture medium of the invention can not only be reduced caused by crop straw burning
Environmental pollution, and can also effectively solve salt-soda soil seedling and fetch earth difficulty, bed soil shortage of resources, the problems such as seedling cost is high, it is
Innoxious, inexpensive, the low-carbon direction of seedling-cultivation technique, which are developed, provides new way.
Stalk is transformed into straw decomposing material by 2, paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention by using fermenting microbe, then
With straw charcoal, animal wastes and clinker mixture, acted on so as to generate coordinated between above-mentioned each raw material, so that the present invention
Seedling medium physical behavior is loose, and pH value is moderate, water imbibition is strong, permeability is good, nutrient composition content is high, resistant to lodging and disease resistance
It is good, compared with commercially available common seedling medium, can make rice seedling growth is rapid, plant height compared with it is high, take root, radical is more, root system is sent out
Reach, packing ability is strong, hundred plants of fresh weight height, be transplanted to behind crop field that block of turning green, tiller is early, effective tillering is more, no matter from plant forms
Still dry matter accumulation is built up, the best seedling quality needed for Rice Production is reached.Also, the seedling medium in the present invention exists
Can directly be rolled after nursery mature seedling and be inserted into Honda together with rice shoot, this Tanaka resolve into organic fertilizer easily by rice absorbing and
Humus, to enhance soil fertility and crop disease-resistant ability.
The paddy rice nursery method of the present invention, by selecting mass ratio (3-5)：The saccharomycete of (5-7) and lactic acid bacteria are as straw
The fermenting microbe of stalk has quick heating compared with common stalk fermentation strain-single saccharomycete, not by temperature limiting,
Subzero 30 degrees Celsius also can normal fermentation, the advantages that maximum temperature is up to 70-80 degrees Celsius.Since routine culture soil is neutrality-
Alkalescence is unfavorable for seedling growth, and seedling quality is poor, and rice shoot is grown preferably under acidic conditions, and root of hair is good.The present invention
Using Bacillus acidi lactici so that the pH value of fermentate is 6.5-6.8, is in subacidity, and the seedling medium being consequently formed is conducive to rice shoot
Growth, stalwartness；This seedling medium passes through hot fermentation, and weed seed has been killed, and reduces seedbed closing weeding medication, simultaneously
Hot fermentation also kills the germ for making crop generate disease, reduces seedbed damping-off control medication；Process is simple, reduce at
This, reduces Pesticide use amount and pollution.
The present invention paddy rice nursery method, by using by ad hoc approach-by stalk 1-5 DEG C/min the rate of heat addition
Under be warming up to 450-650 DEG C and product residence time be 1-3s under conditions of the obtained straw charcoal of thermal cracking occurs, with routine
The straw charcoal that method for destructive distillation obtains is compared, organic matter quality more preferably, soluble activating content of organics higher, can reach conditioned soil
The function of earth and carrying nutrient, is good soil conditioner and fertilizer slow release material, can promote plant growth, realize that volume increase increases
It receives.
The paddy rice nursery method of the present invention, it is preferred to use mass ratio (7-8)：1 maize straw and rice straw is as base
Matter raw material, it is advantageous that, the silicon content in rice straw is high, is 9-13wt%, can significantly improve Soil Silica element nutrition bar
Part meets absorption of the rice to silicon element, improves rice root vigor, adjusts internal nitrogen and phosphoric acid nutrition, keep plant epidermis thin
Cell wall siliceousization enhances, and improves anti-fall, disease resistance.
The paddy rice nursery method of the present invention, uses clinker for base starting material, can make the good permeability of seedling medium, and can protect
Water fertilizer conservation.
The present invention paddy rice nursery method, using the farm manure such as animal wastes be used as base starting material, source extensively, quantity
Greatly, it convenient for gathering materials on the spot, uses on the spot, cost is also relatively low.Farm manure containing nutriment it is more comprehensive, not only contain nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potassium, but also containing calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron and some trace elements, these nutrients are in organic matter state more, by soil
The fermentation of chemical physical action and microorganism in earth is decomposed, and nutrient is made gradually to discharge, thus fertilizer efficiency is long and stablize, and can
To reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer.In addition, applications of farmyard manure material may advantageously facilitate the formation of soil aggregate structure, make loosing soil,
Increase water conservation, heat preservation, ventilative, fertilizer conservation ability.
3, paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention is used as earthing after being mixed with seedling raising ground substance by using charcoal base manure, can
It improves ground temperature, increase permeability, be conducive to rice shoot fast-growth.
4, paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly
When uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure, required nutrient can be provided for seedling growth process.
5, paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention, by monitoring the pH value of compost in real time to spray the water-soluble of wood vinegar
Thus liquid can not only ensure that the pH value of matrix is maintained at 4.5-5.5, be suitable for rice seedling growth, while can also sterilize
Expelling parasite promotes root of hair, enhances photosynthesis, supplements carbon and trace element.
Specific implementation mode
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific embodiment, unless otherwise stated, disclosed in this invention
Experimental method be all made of the art routine techniques.
Following embodiments all need to carry out following early-stage preparations：
(1) rake levelling is used in seedbed, shovel it is high mend it is low, with fine sand levelling bed surface, within height error 0.5cm, make its from
It so falls dry heavy real, seedbed is made to reach real, flat, light, straight；
(2) good disease resisting rice kind is selected, the fine day 3-4h that basks seeds then is existed with hectogram seed soaking disinfection 12 hours is made
It is impregnated 5 minutes in 55 DEG C of warm water, drains heap, sowed again after keeping 35-38 DEG C, 15-18 hours of grain mass temperature.
Embodiment 1
A kind of paddy rice nursery method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, maize straw 75kg, rice straw 10kg, chicken manure 10kg and high phosphorus slag 10kg are weighed, by stalk, chicken manure and height
It is 50 mesh that phosphorus slag crushes respectively；
S2, the water that 50kg is uniformly spilled into the stalk crushed, it is 8 × 10 to add bacteria containing amount8The false silk of CFU/g
Saccharomycete 0.0135kg and bacteria containing amount are 20 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.0315kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, stacking, overlay film,
The heat-preservation fermentation at 30 DEG C, turning is primary when stacking temperature reaches 50 DEG C, and fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 12 days；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 15kg, chicken manure, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, mixing speed 20r/
Min, mixing time are 4 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in the present embodiment is that stalk is warming up to 550 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 3 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 2s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 10kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed, by the good rice seed of pre-processing
Son is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.6cm, and
It is erected with common brick, makes have 4cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen, temperature change in seedbed
It is small, to ensure neat and consistent of emerging；Then, using the aqueous solution of wood vinegar (by wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 mixing
Formed) seedbed is poured, per 100m2Compost sprays the aqueous solution of 2.5kg wood vinegar；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 4kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, and the wooden vinegar is uniformly sprayed when the pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of liquid, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 26 DEG C, humidity 30%,
Temperature carries out sun-shading when being more than 30 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
A kind of paddy rice nursery method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, maize straw 70kg, rice straw 10kg, cow dung 15kg and high phosphorus slag 15kg are weighed, it is 40 that stalk, which is crushed,
It is 60 mesh that mesh, cow dung and high phosphorus slag crush respectively；
S2, to after being uniformly spilled into the water of 72kg in the stalk crushed, add bacteria containing amount be 5 × 108CFU/g's
Candidiasis 0.025kg and bacteria containing amount are 30 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.025kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, and stacking covers
Film, at 40 DEG C, successively, fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 10 days for turning when stacking temperature reaches 55 DEG C；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 20kg, cow dung, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, mixing speed 25r/
Min, mixing time are 5 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in the present embodiment is that stalk is warming up to 650 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 5 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 1s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 20kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.5cm,
It is used in combination common brick to erect, makes have 5cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen in seedbed, temperature becomes
Change it is small, with ensure emerge neat and consistent；Then, using the aqueous solution of wood vinegar (by wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 is mixed
Close and formed) seedbed is poured, per 100m2Compost sprays the aqueous solution of 2kg wood vinegar；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 2.5kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, and the wooden vinegar is uniformly sprayed when the pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of liquid, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 25 DEG C, humidity 35%,
Temperature carries out sun-shading when being more than 30 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
A kind of paddy rice nursery method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, maize straw 80kg, pig manure 5kg and high phosphorus slag 5kg are weighed, it is 60 mesh, pig manure and high phosphorus slag that stalk, which is crushed,
Crush respectively is 40 mesh；
S2, to will uniformly be spilled into the water of 0.8kg in the stalk crushed, add bacteria containing amount be 10 × 108The vacation of CFU/g
Silk saccharomycete 0.015kg and bacteria containing amount are 12 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.025kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, stacking, overlay film,
It is kept the temperature at 10 DEG C, turning is primary when stacking temperature reaches 60 DEG C, and fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 15 days；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 10kg, pig manure, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, stirring mixing speed is
30r/min, mixing time are 3 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in the present embodiment is that stalk is warming up to 450 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 1 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 3s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 7.5kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and in the surface of the seed earthing, non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface, is used in combination by thickness of earth covering 0.8cm
Common brick is erected, and makes have 3cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, and the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen, temperature change in seedbed
It is small, to ensure neat and consistent of emerging；Then, using the aqueous solution of wood vinegar (by wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 mixing
Formed) seedbed is poured, per 100m2Compost sprays the aqueous solution of 3kg wood vinegar；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 3kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, and the wooden vinegar is uniformly sprayed when the pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of liquid, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 28 DEG C, humidity 25%,
Temperature carries out sun-shading when being more than 30 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
A kind of paddy rice nursery method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, wheat stalk 72kg, rice straw 10kg, pig manure 5kg, chicken manure 7kg and high phosphorus slag 8kg are weighed, by straw powder
Broken is 45 mesh, and it is 55 mesh that pig manure and chicken manure, which crush, and broken high phosphorus slag powder is 60 mesh；
S2, to will uniformly be spilled into the water of 34kg in the stalk crushed, add bacteria containing amount be 6 × 108The vacation of CFU/g
Silk saccharomycete 0.020kg and bacteria containing amount are 25 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.028kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, stacking, overlay film,
The heat-preservation fermentation at 20 DEG C, turning is primary when stacking temperature reaches 52 DEG C, and fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 12 days；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 17kg, pig manure, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, mixing speed 28r/
Min, mixing time are 3 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in the present embodiment is that stalk is warming up to 520 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 4 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 2s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 15kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.8cm,
It is used in combination common brick to erect, makes have 3cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen in seedbed, temperature becomes
Change it is small, with ensure emerge neat and consistent；Then, using the aqueous solution of wood vinegar (by wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 is mixed
Close and formed) seedbed is poured, per 100m2Compost sprays the aqueous solution of 2.4kg wood vinegar；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 3.5kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, and the wooden vinegar is uniformly sprayed when the pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of liquid, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 27 DEG C, humidity 28%,
Temperature carries out sun-shading when being more than 30 DEG C.
Embodiment 5
A kind of paddy rice nursery method is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, cotton stalk 77kg, rice straw 10kg, cow dung 6kg, chicken manure 3kg and high phosphorus slag 11kg are weighed, by straw powder
Broken is 55 mesh, and it is 45 mesh that cow dung and chicken manure, which crush, and broken high phosphorus slag powder is 50 mesh；
S2, the water that 61kg is uniformly spilled into the stalk crushed, it is 9 × 10 to add bacteria containing amount8The false silk ferment of CFU/g
Female bacterium 0.0168kg and bacteria containing amount are 15 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.0252kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, stacking, overlay film,
Heat-preservation fermentation at 25 DEG C, turning is primary when stacking temperature reaches 57 DEG C, and fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 11 days；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 13kg, pig manure, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, mixing speed 23r/
Min, mixing time are 4 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in the present embodiment is that stalk is warming up to 610 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 2 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 1s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 18kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.7cm, and
It is erected with common brick, makes have 4cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen, temperature change in seedbed
It is small, to ensure neat and consistent of emerging；Then, using the aqueous solution of wood vinegar (by wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 mixing
Formed) seedbed is poured, per 100m2Compost sprays the aqueous solution of 2.8kg wood vinegar；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 3.8kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, and the wooden vinegar is uniformly sprayed when the pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of liquid, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 26 DEG C, humidity 32%,
Temperature carries out sun-shading when being more than 30 DEG C.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of paddy rice nursery method, includes the following steps：
(1) by acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil in mass ratio 1:1 mixed preparing seedling raising ground substance；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 10kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.6cm,
It is used in combination common brick to erect, makes have 4cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen in seedbed, temperature becomes
Change it is small, with ensure emerge neat and consistent；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 4kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, control seedling temperature is 26 DEG C, and humidity 30% is hidden when temperature is more than 30 DEG C
Sun processing.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a kind of paddy rice nursery method, includes the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, maize straw 75kg, rice straw 10kg, chicken manure 10kg and high phosphorus slag 10kg are weighed, by stalk, chicken manure and height
It is 50 mesh that phosphorus slag crushes respectively；
S2, the water that 50kg is uniformly spilled into the stalk crushed, it is 8 × 10 to add bacteria containing amount8The false silk of CFU/g
Saccharomycete 0.0135kg and bacteria containing amount are 20 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.0315kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, stacking, overlay film,
The heat-preservation fermentation at 30 DEG C, turning is primary when stacking temperature reaches 50 DEG C, and fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 12 days；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 15kg, chicken manure, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, mixing speed 20r/
Min, mixing time are 4 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in this comparative example is that stalk is warming up to 550 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 3 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 2s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 10kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.6cm,
It is used in combination common brick to erect, makes have 4cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen in seedbed, temperature becomes
Change it is small, with ensure emerge neat and consistent；Then, using the aqueous solution of wood vinegar (by wood vinegar and water in mass ratio 1:100 is mixed
Close and formed) seedbed is poured, per 100m2Compost sprays the aqueous solution of 2.5kg wood vinegar；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, and the wooden vinegar is uniformly sprayed when the pH value is higher than 5.5
The aqueous solution of liquid, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 26 DEG C, humidity 30%,
Temperature carries out sun-shading when being more than 30 DEG C.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a kind of paddy rice nursery method, includes the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, steps are as follows：
S1, maize straw 75kg, rice straw 10kg, chicken manure 10kg and high phosphorus slag 10kg are weighed, by stalk, chicken manure and height
It is 50 mesh that phosphorus slag crushes respectively；
S2, the water that 50kg is uniformly spilled into the stalk crushed, it is 8 × 10 to add bacteria containing amount8The false silk of CFU/g
Saccharomycete 0.0135kg and bacteria containing amount are 20 × 108The plant lactobacillus 0.0315kg of CFU/g, stirs evenly, stacking, overlay film,
The heat-preservation fermentation at 30 DEG C, turning is primary when stacking temperature reaches 50 DEG C, and fermentation obtains straw decomposing material after 12 days；
S3, straw decomposing material and straw charcoal 15kg, chicken manure, high phosphorus slag are uniformly mixed, mixing speed 20r/
Min, mixing time are 4 minutes, to which seedling raising ground substance be made；
The straw charcoal used in this comparative example is that stalk is warming up to 550 DEG C and product under the rate of heat addition of 3 DEG C/min
Under conditions of being 2s solid product obtained from thermal cracking occurs for the residence time；
(2) seedling raising ground substance obtained in step (1) is divided into two parts, a portion seedling raising ground substance is mixed with charcoal base manure
It is used as earthing afterwards, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 10kg, and remainder seedling raising ground substance is as culture
Soil；
Compost is entirely laid in seedling-cultivation plate, then seedling-cultivation plate is laid on seedbed soil, by the good rice of pre-processing
Seed is seeded in seedling-cultivation plate, and earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, and non-woven fabrics is then placed on surface by thickness of earth covering 0.6cm,
It is used in combination common brick to erect, makes have 4cm distances between non-woven fabrics and bed surface, the purpose is to make to have sufficient oxygen in seedbed, temperature becomes
Change it is small, with ensure emerge neat and consistent；Then, seedbed is poured using acidifying water, per 100m2Compost sprays 2.5kg acidifying waters；
(3) after seed sprouting, respectively rice shoot be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when press 4kg/
100m2Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base manure；
During entire seedling, the pH value of compost is monitored in real time, uniformly sprays acidification when the pH value is higher than 5.5
Water, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5；Meanwhile the seedling temperature for controlling seedbed is 26 DEG C, humidity 30% is more than in temperature
Sun-shading is carried out at 30 DEG C.
Effect example 1
Experimental group seedling in common vinyl house, common seedling set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, it is longitudinal
50 seedling-cultivation plates are put, 2 seedling set bed and put 500 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, educated according to the paddy rice nursery method in embodiment 1
Seedling；
The seedling in same vinyl house of control group 1, it is common set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, longitudinally put
30 seedling-cultivation plates put 150 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, and seedling is carried out according to the paddy rice nursery method in comparative example 1；
The seedling in same vinyl house of control group 2, it is common set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, longitudinally put
30 seedling-cultivation plates put 150 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, and seedling is carried out according to the paddy rice nursery method in comparative example 2；
The seedling in same vinyl house of control group 3, it is common set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, longitudinally put
30 seedling-cultivation plates put 150 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, and seedling is carried out according to the paddy rice nursery method in comparative example 3.
The rice varieties Ji round-grained rice 88 of initial point selection is disease-free strain.
In seedling growth 15 days, 28 age in days, it is fresh to investigate the plant height of rice shoot, root long, radical, leaf age and hundred plants for multidraw
Weight, the results are shown in Table 1.
1 rice seedling growing state of table
By table 1 as it can be seen that carrying out seedling using seedling raising ground substance made from the embodiment of the present invention, the seedling growth cultivated is fast
Speed, plant height is higher, and hundred plants of fresh weights are big, and radical is more, well developed root system, and the quality of seedlings is good.
Effect example 2
The seedling in common vinyl house of experimental group 1, common seedling set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, indulge
To 50 seedling-cultivation plates are put, 2 seedling set bed and put 500 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, educated according to the method for raising seedling in embodiment 1
Seedling；
The seedling in common vinyl house of experimental group 2, common seedling set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, indulge
To 50 seedling-cultivation plates are put, 2 seedling set bed and put 500 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, educated according to the method for raising seedling in embodiment 3
Seedling；
The seedling in same vinyl house of control group 1, it is common set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, longitudinally put
30 seedling-cultivation plates put 150 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, and seedling is carried out according to the method for raising seedling in comparative example 1；
The seedling in same vinyl house of control group 3, it is common set it is horizontally-arranged on bed put 5 seedling-cultivation plates, longitudinally put
30 seedling-cultivation plates put 150 seedling-cultivation plates altogether, and seedling is carried out according to the method for raising seedling in comparative example 3.
The rice varieties Ji round-grained rice 88 of initial point selection is disease-free strain.
Rice field, rice field normal management are inserted into 30 age in days of seedling growth.
It investigates within 7 days before rice harvesting, pours in separately volt, tiltedly volt, slightly inclination and 4 grades upright, record experimental group 1,2 and of experimental group
The lodging area of control group 1 accounts for the percentage of test area, the results are shown in Table 2.
Disease-resistant sex investigation：Blast resisting situation is investigated, stationary phase investigation occurs in fringe pest, divides 9 grades, 0 grade：It is disease-free；1 grade：
5% or less is lost per fringe；3 grades：6%~20% is lost per fringe；5 grades：21%~50% is lost per fringe；7 grades：51% is lost per fringe
~70%；9 grades：71%~100% is lost per fringe.Statistics and calculating the disease index, (morbidities at different levels of disease index=100 × ∑
Number × typical value at different levels)/(investigation sum × highest typical value), experiment with computing group 1, experimental group 2, control group 1 and control group 3
Disease-resistant implementations, the results are shown in Table 3.
2 lodging resistance in rice situation of table
| Grouping | It lodges (%) | Tiltedly volt (%) | Slightly tilt (%) | Uprightly (%) | Evaluation |
| Experimental group 1 | 0 | 1.7 | 10.6 | 87.7 | It is resistant to lodging |
| Experimental group 2 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 11.4 | 82.4 | It is resistant to lodging |
| Control group 1 | 3.5 | 11.3 | 19.7 | 65.5 | It is more resistant to lodging |
As can be seen from Table 2, for the rice shoot that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is cultivated without lodging plant, tiltedly volt and slightly inclination plant are less, anti-fall
Property is good.The lodging resistance for the rice shoot cultivated using the embodiment of the present invention 3 is taken second place.
3 paddy disease-resistant implementations of table
| Grouping | Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Control group 1 | Control group 3 |
| 0 grade | 178 | 172 | 7 | 19 |
| 1 grade | 224 | 223 | 44 | 36 |
| 3 grades | 51 | 56 | 38 | 40 |
| 5 grades | 26 | 23 | 30 | 31 |
| 7 grades | 19 | 21 | 25 | 19 |
| 9 grades | 2 | 5 | 7 | 5 |
| Disease index | 14.62 | 15.51 | 40.44 | 36.22 |
| Evaluation | Moderate resistance | Moderate resistance | It is susceptible | It is susceptible |
As can be seen from Table 3, the disease index for the rice shoot that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is cultivated is 14.62, and morbidity radix is at 7 grades
Hereinafter, improving the disease resistance of rice shoot.The disease resistance for the rice shoot cultivated using the embodiment of the present invention 3 is taken second place.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of paddy rice nursery method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, the seedling raising ground substance includes the raw material of following parts by weight：80-90 parts of stalk, straw charcoal 10-20
0.8-72 parts of part, 5-15 parts of animal wastes, 5-15 parts of clinker, 0.04-0.05 parts of fermenting microbe and water；
(2) seedling raising ground substance being divided into two parts, seedling raising ground substance described in a portion is used as earthing after being mixed with charcoal base manure,
Seedling raising ground substance is as compost described in remainder；
It is seeded in the compost, and the earthing is covered in the surface of the seed, spray the aqueous solution of wood vinegar；
(3) after the seed sprouting, charcoal base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, and sprays the aqueous solution of wood vinegar.
2. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation of seedling raising ground substance described in step (1)
Method is as follows：
S1, stalk is mixed, stacking, overlay film with fermenting microbe, water, in 10-40 DEG C of heat-preservation fermentation 10-15 days, obtains straw decomposing
Material；
S2, by straw decomposing material and straw charcoal, animal wastes, clinker mixture to obtain the final product.
3. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the turning when stacking temperature reaches 50-60 DEG C；
And/or
With agitating mode mixture 3-5 minutes of 20-30r/min.
4. according to the paddy rice nursery method described in claim 1-3 any one, which is characterized in that in step (2), the earthing
Thickness be 0.5-0.8cm, per 100m2The charcoal base manure dosage in the earthing is 7.5-20kg.
5. paddy rice nursery method according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that in step (3), respectively in seedling
Seedling be unearthed, a leaf wholeheartedly, two leaves wholeheartedly with three leaves wholeheartedly when spread fertilizer over the fields the charcoal base manure.
6. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that per 100m2The compost spreads fertilizer over the fields 2.5- every time
The charcoal base manure of 4kg.
7. according to the paddy rice nursery method described in claim 1-6 any one, which is characterized in that wood vinegar and water are in mass ratio
1:100 are mixed to form the aqueous solution of the wood vinegar.
8. according to the paddy rice nursery method described in claim 1-7 any one, which is characterized in that in step (2), per 100m2Institute
State the aqueous solution of the wood vinegar of compost sprinkling 2-3kg.
9. paddy rice nursery method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that in step (3), monitor in real time
The pH value of the compost sprays the aqueous solution of the wood vinegar when pH value is higher than 5.5, until pH value is reduced to 4.5-5.5.
10. according to paddy rice nursery method described in any one of claim 1-9, which is characterized in that control seedling process medium temperature
Degree is 25-28 DEG C, humidity 25-35%.
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| CN110338013A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-18 | 镇江乾文农业技术有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice nursery method |
| CN110622821A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-31 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Saline-alkali-resistant rice seedling raising substrate |
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| CN111480560A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-08-04 | 河北稻宇农业开发有限公司 | Soilless rice seedling raising method |
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