CN115286449A - Organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers and discloses an organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, different zymophyte agents are matched with different substrates for accurate fermentation, and then the coating process is utilized and inorganic additives such as: the multifunctional multilayer composite granular microbial organic fertilizer is finally prepared from iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid, attapulgite and the like, not only fully meets the growth requirement of corn, improves the yield and quality of corn, has remarkable prevention and treatment effect on corn diseases and insect pests, avoids the use of chemical agents, increases the slow release of the fertilizer, prolongs the fertilizer supply time, improves the fertilizer utilization rate, and realizes one-time fertilization in the corn growth period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Corn contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose, polysaccharide and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function food. Corn is the first crop in northeast, and more than 40% of corn is planted in black soil. The corn is a high-yield crop, the plant is tall and large, the demand on nutrients is high, the demand on the nutrients in the whole development period of the crop can be met only by multiple topdressing, the labor is wasted, the fertilization cost is increased, the nutrient loss of the topdressing and surface fertilizing materials is large, the fertilizer efficiency is obviously reduced, the yield-increasing effect of the fertilizer is difficult to exert, meanwhile, along with the popularization of an intensive cultivation mode, the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers in the planting process is realized, the fertilizer market mainly adopts totally-soluble, instant and rapidly-dispersed inorganic fertilizer varieties, the application of organic fertilizers is insufficient, the waste of the fertilizers and the loss of the nutrients are aggravated, the nutritive value of the produced corn is low, the taste is not good, the economic benefit is poor, and the excessive application of the further chemical fertilizers causes the nutrition damage of black soil, the soil fertility reduction, the soil hardening and the continuous reduction of the ecological environment quality.
Therefore, the organic planting fertilizer is suitable for black land, has high content of effective organic matters and lasting fertility, and can fully meet the nutrient requirement of corn by one-time fertilization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land consists of, by weight, 200-300 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue powder, 30-40 parts of mushroom dregs, 2-3 parts of streptomyces liquid, 2-4 parts of natto bacillus liquid, 1.5-3 parts of starch-decomposing bacillus liquid, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid, 15-20 parts of saponin dregs, 15-30 parts of biogas residues, 30-50 parts of livestock manure, 10-15 parts of a binder, 60-90 parts of attapulgite, 1-10 parts of an iron base, 2-6 parts of sorbitol, 2-8 parts of citric acid and 3-7 parts of lactic acid.
Preferably, the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land further comprises entomogenous fungi liquid and trichoderma liquid.
Preferably, the adhesive is prepared by mixing cassava starch, corn starch and water according to the weight ratio of 5-10 to 20-30, and stirring at the reaction temperature of 80-90 ℃ for 40-60 min at the rotating speed of 100 rpm.
Preferably, the streptomyces is streptomyces NEAU6; the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis B6-1; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is bacillus amyloliquefaciens PHODB35; the Bacillus natto is Bacillus natto NT-6; the Trichoderma is Trichoderma guianensis NJAU4742.
Preferably, the entomogenous fungi liquid, the streptomyces liquid, the natto bacillus liquid, the amylolytic bacillus liquid, the bacillus subtilis liquid and the trichoderma liquid are all suspended spore liquids prepared by a conventional method.
Preferably, the concentration of the spore liquid is 10 9 CFU·mL -1 。
Preferably, the entomogenous fungi solution is prepared by mixing white muscardine fungus spore solution, green muscardine fungus spore solution and violet spore solution prepared by the conventional method in the prior art according to the weight ratio of 1.
Further, the preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving wet traditional Chinese medicine residues for later use;
s2: uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residue powder prepared in the step S1, the edible fungus residue, the streptomycete liquid and the bacillus subtilis liquid according to the parts by weight to prepare a mixed material, stacking the mixed material in a compost box for fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving a fermented product to obtain powder A;
s3: performing electron beam irradiation on the livestock manure, uniformly mixing the livestock manure with saponin residues, biogas residues, bacillus natto solution and bacillus amyloliquefaciens solution to prepare a mixed material, fermenting the mixed material, finishing fermentation, drying a fermented product, crushing and sieving to obtain powder B;
s4, spreading the powder B, and uniformly spraying entomogenous fungi liquid to obtain a compound C;
s5, mixing the compound C, the powder A and a binder, granulating, and drying at a low temperature to obtain a compound D;
s6, uniformly spraying trichoderma liquid on the surface of the compound D according to the parts by weight, mixing the compound D with attapulgite, iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid and lactic acid, carrying out ball milling, granulating, air-drying at low temperature and sieving to obtain the corn organic planting fertilizer suitable for the black land.
Preferably, in step S1, the mixture is dried at 120-125 ℃ until the water content is 8-10%, and the mixture is sieved by a 5mm sieve after being crushed.
Preferably, the mixed materials in the step S2 and the step S3 are controlled to have the moisture content of 50-60%, and are respectively stacked in a range of 1.44m 3 And fermenting in a composting box, turning the compost once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning the compost once every 3-4 days later, fermenting for 20-25 d, completely drying the fermented materials at 100-110 ℃, and respectively crushing the fermented materials through a 5mm sieve.
Preferably, the irradiation dose of the electron beam in step S3 is 30 to 50kGy.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the ball mill is controlled at 440r/min, the ball milling time is 1-2 h, and then the ball mill is placed in a disk granulator for granulation and passes through a 5mm sieve.
Preferably, the low-temperature drying temperature in the step S5 is 40-50 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land and the preparation method thereof.
1. Compared with the traditional preparation method of the organic compound fertilizer, the method combines different fermentation substrates to accurately select the fermentation microbial inoculum, so that the fermentation efficiency is higher. The invention combines traditional Chinese medicine residue powder, edible fungus residue, streptomycete liquid and bacillus subtilis liquid for fermentation and drying to obtain powder A, dries the product of the liquid-phase combined fermentation of livestock manure, saponin residue, biogas residue, bacillus natto liquid and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to obtain powder B, sprays entomogenous fungi liquid on the surface of the powder B to form a layer of compound C coated with fungal spore film, tightly coats the powder A on the surface of the compound C by using the viscosity of a binder to form a compound D, sprays trichoderma liquid on the surface of the compound D, namely, takes the powder B as the center, sequentially arranges the entomogenous fungi spore film, the powder A layer and the trichoderma spore film on the surface of the powder B to finally prepare the multifunctional multilayer compound particle microbial organic fertilizer, and then matches some inorganic additives such as: the iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid and attapulgite fully meet the growth requirement of the corn, the yield and the quality of the corn are improved, the corn fertilizer has a remarkable prevention and control effect on corn diseases and insect pests, the use of chemical agents is avoided, the slow release performance of the fertilizer is increased, the fertilizer supply time is prolonged, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, one-time fertilization in the growth period of the corn is realized, the fertilization frequency is reduced, the manpower and material resources are saved, the raw material cost is reduced, the economic benefit is increased, and the corn fertilizer has the effects of decomposing harmful chemical substances in the soil, converting soil nutrients and improving the soil.
2. In the technical scheme of the invention, the livestock and poultry manure is firstly subjected to electron beam irradiation before fermentation. The pretreatment by electron beam irradiation has a destructive effect on bacterial cells in the livestock and poultry manure, so that the antibiotic concentration and the biotoxicity in the livestock and poultry manure and biogas residues are reduced, intracellular substances can be released, bacillus natto liquid and bacillus amyloliquefaciens can better act on mixed materials, the aromatization and humification process of protein substances in the livestock and poultry manure can be promoted, the rotting time is shortened, and the aerobic fermentation efficiency of compost is improved.
3. After the entomogenous fungi-containing compound particle microbial organic fertilizer wrapped with trichoderma prepared by the invention is applied to soil, the fertilizer efficiency is slowly released.
Firstly, the outer trichoderma can generate auxin and bacteria antagonistic substances, wherein the auxin acts on corn seeds to promote the germination of the corn seeds, and the antagonistic substances are used for inhibiting harmful bacteria in soil, so that the damage to the corn seeds is reduced, the germination rate of the corn is improved, and a foundation is laid for the yield increase of the corn.
The corn grows into a seedling stage, the powder A is exposed in the soil along with the continuous dissolution of the fertilizer in the soil, the powder A is obtained by mixing traditional Chinese medicine residue powder and edible fungus residue, fermenting and drying the mixture through streptomycete liquid and bacillus subtilis liquid, the traditional Chinese medicine residue has the characteristics of loose texture and good air permeability, can be used for improving the permeability of the soil and is rich in nutrients needed by various plants such as N, P, K and the like, under the action of the streptomycete and the bacillus subtilis, the lignin and cellulose indissolvable parts in the traditional Chinese medicine residue can be rapidly decomposed, so that the effective components in the traditional Chinese medicine residue are utilized, the corn seedling stage can be prevented from encountering with the medicinal active components while the nutrients are provided for the corn, the bacillus subtilis can generate poly-gamma-glutamic acid when fermenting the fungus residue, the fungus residue is fermented to generate various amino acids, the accumulation is carried out on the corn seedlings, the corn is enabled to be richer in nutritive value after the corn is matured, the mouthfeel is better, the poly-gamma-glutamic acid is beneficial to enrichment of cations such as calcium, copper, iron and the corn seedlings are utilized to the maximum, the fertilizer is improved, the nutrient utilization rate of the corn seedling stage is further ensured, and the nutrient utilization of the corn is further ensured.
When the corn grows to enter a physiological maturity period, the corn pest and disease attack enters a peak period, after entomogenous fungi consisting of beauveria bassiana, metarhizium destructor and lilium sinense enter soil, the corn aphid can be effectively killed, the yield and the quality of the corn are ensured, then the powder B enters the soil, the powder B is prepared by fermenting and drying the livestock manure, biogas residues and Chinese honeylocust residues through bacillus natto and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the livestock manure after irradiation has high humification degree and removes a large amount of residual antibiotics, the soil fertility is timely improved when the soil fertility is reduced, the organic matter content of the soil is further improved, and the corn disease is also positively taken to take a peak period, such as: the common large and small leaf spot, leaf sheath purple spot and stem rot of corn can effectively reduce the incidence rate of corn diseases through the fermentation of bacillus natto and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and tests show that the incidence rate of corn diseases and insect pests is only 20.2 percent when the organic fertilizer prepared by the method is applied, which is far less than that of the organic fertilizer applied to the market, so that the yield of the corn and the quality of the corn are ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment 1 of the invention discloses an organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land, which consists of 200 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine residue powder, 30 parts by weight of hypsizygus marmoreus residue, 2 parts by weight of streptomycete liquid, 2 parts by weight of bacillus natto liquid, 1.5 parts by weight of starch-decomposing bacillus liquid, 1 part by weight of bacillus subtilis liquid, 15 parts by weight of saponin residue, 15 parts by weight of biogas residue, 30 parts by weight of livestock manure, 10 parts by weight of binder, 60 parts by weight of attapulgite, 1 part by weight of iron-based montmorillonite, 2 parts by weight of sorbitol, 2 parts by weight of citric acid, 3 parts by weight of lactic acid and a proper amount of entomogenous fungi liquid and trichoderma liquid;
the adhesive is prepared by mixing cassava starch, corn starch and water according to the weight ratio of 5.
The preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, drying wet Chinese medicine residues at 120 ℃ until the water content is 10%, crushing and screening by a 5mm sieve for later use;
s2: uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residue powder prepared in the step S1, the edible fungus residue, the streptomycete liquid and the bacillus subtilis liquid according to the parts by weight to prepare a mixed material, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 50%, and stacking the mixed material at 1.44m 3 Fermenting in a composting box, turning over once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning over once every 3 days, fermenting for 20 days, completely drying the fermented materials at 100 ℃, and crushing and sieving by a 5mm sieve to obtain powder A;
s3: firstly, performing electron beam irradiation on the livestock manure with the irradiation dose of 30kGy, then uniformly preparing a mixed material with the saponin residue, the biogas residue, the bacillus natto liquid and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, controlling the water content of the mixed material at 50 percent, and stacking the mixed material at 1.44m 3 Fermenting in a composting box, turning over once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning over once every 3 days, fermenting for 20 days, completely drying the fermented materials at 100 ℃, and crushing and sieving by a 5mm sieve to obtain powder B;
s4, paving the powder B, and uniformly spraying entomogenous fungi liquid to obtain a compound C; the entomogenous fungi solution is prepared by mixing white muscardine fungus spore solution, green muscardine fungus spore solution and purple violet fungus spore solution which are prepared by the conventional method in the prior art according to the weight ratio of 1;
s5, mixing the compound C, the powder A and a binder, granulating, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain a compound D;
s6, uniformly spraying trichoderma liquid on the surface of the compound D according to parts by weight, mixing the compound D with attapulgite, iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid and lactic acid, placing the mixture in a ball mill, controlling the rotating speed at 440r/min, carrying out ball milling for 1h, placing the mixture in a disc granulator, granulating, carrying out air drying at 40 ℃, and sieving by a 5mm sieve to obtain the corn organic planting fertilizer suitable for the black land.
The embodiment 2 of the invention discloses an organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land, which comprises, by weight, 300 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue powder, 40 parts of chestnut mushroom residue, 3 parts of streptomycete liquid, 4 parts of bacillus natto liquid, 3 parts of starch-decomposing bacillus liquid, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid, 20 parts of saponin residue, 30 parts of biogas residue, 50 parts of livestock manure, 15 parts of a binder, 90 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of iron-based montmorillonite, 6 parts of sorbitol, 8 parts of citric acid, 7 parts of lactic acid, and a proper amount of entomogenous fungi liquid and trichoderma liquid;
the adhesive is prepared by mixing cassava starch, corn starch and water according to the weight ratio of 10.
The preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, drying wet traditional Chinese medicine residues at 125 ℃ until the water content is 10%, crushing and screening by a 5mm sieve for later use;
s2: uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residue powder prepared in the step S1, the edible fungus residue, the streptomycete liquid and the bacillus subtilis liquid according to the parts by weight to prepare a mixed material, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 60%, and stacking the mixed material at 1.44m 3 Fermenting in a composting box, turning the compost once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning the compost once every 4 days later, fermenting for 25 days, completely drying the fermented materials at 110 ℃, and crushing the materials through a 5mm sieve to obtain powder A;
s3: firstly, carrying out electron beam irradiation on the livestock manure with the irradiation dose of 50kGy, then uniformly preparing a mixed material with the saponin residue, the biogas residue, the bacillus natto liquid and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, controlling the water content of the mixed material at 60 percent, and stacking the mixed material at 1.44m 3 Fermenting in a composting box, turning the compost once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning the compost once every 4 days later, fermenting for 25d, completely drying the fermented materials at 110 ℃, and crushing the materials through a 5mm sieve to obtain powder B;
s4, paving the powder B, and uniformly spraying entomogenous fungi liquid to obtain a compound C; (ii) a The entomogenous fungi solution is prepared by mixing beauveria spore solution, metarhizium spore solution and lilac purple spore solution which are prepared by a conventional method in the prior art according to the weight ratio of 1;
s5, mixing the compound C, the powder A and a binder, granulating, and air-drying at 50 ℃ to obtain a compound D;
s6, uniformly spraying trichoderma liquid on the surface of the compound D according to the parts by weight, mixing the compound D with attapulgite, iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid and lactic acid, placing the mixture in a ball mill, controlling the rotating speed at 440r/min, carrying out ball milling for 2 hours, placing the mixture in a disc granulator, granulating, carrying out air drying at 50 ℃, and sieving by a 5mm sieve to obtain the corn organic planting fertilizer suitable for the black land.
The embodiment 3 of the invention discloses an organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for black land, which consists of 250 parts of traditional Chinese medicine slag powder, 35 parts of stropharia rugoso-annulata fungus slag, 2.5 parts of streptomycete liquid, 3 parts of natto bacillus liquid, 2 parts of amylolytic bacillus liquid, 1.5 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid, 18 parts of saponin slag, 25 parts of biogas residue, 40 parts of livestock manure, 13 parts of a binder, 80 parts of attapulgite, 6 parts of iron-based montmorillonite, 4 parts of sorbitol, 5 parts of citric acid, 5.5 parts of lactic acid and a proper amount of entomogenous fungi liquid and trichoderma liquid in parts by weight;
the adhesive is prepared by mixing cassava starch, corn starch and water according to the weight ratio of 8.
The preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, drying wet Chinese medicine residues at 123 ℃ until the water content is 9%, crushing and screening by a 5mm sieve for later use;
s2: uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residue powder prepared in the step S1, the edible fungus residue, the streptomycete liquid and the bacillus subtilis liquid according to the parts by weight to prepare a mixed material, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 55%, and stacking the mixed material at 1.44m 3 Fermenting in a composting box, turning over once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning over once every 4 days, fermenting for 22d, completely drying the fermented materials at 105 ℃, and crushing and sieving by a 5mm sieve to obtain powder A;
s3: firstly, performing electron beam irradiation on the livestock manure with the irradiation dose of 40kGy, then uniformly preparing a mixed material with the saponin residue, the biogas residue, the bacillus natto liquid and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 55 percent, and stacking the mixed material at 1.44m 3 Fermenting in a composting box, turning the compost once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning the compost once every 4 days later, fermenting for 22d, completely drying the fermented materials at 105 ℃, and crushing the materials through a 5mm sieve to obtain powder B;
s4, spreading the powder B, and uniformly spraying entomogenous fungi liquid to obtain a compound C; (ii) a The entomogenous fungi solution is prepared by mixing white muscardine fungus spore solution, green muscardine fungus spore solution and purple violet fungus spore solution which are prepared by the conventional method in the prior art according to the weight ratio of 1;
s5, mixing the compound C, the powder A and a binder, granulating, and air-drying at 45 ℃ to obtain a compound D;
s6, uniformly spraying trichoderma liquid on the surface of the compound D according to parts by weight, mixing the compound D with attapulgite, iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid and lactic acid, placing the mixture in a ball mill, controlling the rotating speed at 440r/min, carrying out ball milling for 1.5h, placing the mixture in a disc granulator, granulating, carrying out air drying at 45 ℃, and sieving by a 5mm sieve to obtain the corn organic planting fertilizer suitable for the black land.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Test examples
1: test site: in 2021, 4-10 months, heliuhe village is moved to Town, heilongjiang province, helen city, with no tall trees and buildings around, and in the northern temperate zone, semi-humid continental monsoon climate.
2: the soil type tested was black soil. The soil texture is clay loam, the thickness of a plough layer is 30cm, the organic matter content is 24.7g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.85g/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 86.8mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 178mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 5.8.
3. Design of a comparative test scheme: the experiment was designed with 3 treatments, random arrangement, cell area30m 2
Treatment A-the organic fertilizer prepared in example 3 of the invention: and mixing with soil according to the proportion of 2: 3, sowing treatment B: applying a commercial bio-organic fertilizer: mixed with soil according to the proportion of 2: 3 for sowing
And C, treatment: blank control, fertilizing amount is 0.
The top dressing is not needed during the growth period of the corn, and other field management measures are the same. And field management is carried out according to the requirements of high-yield fields.
4. And (3) test varieties: reclamation No. 5 (uncoated) with a planting density of 48000 plants/hm 2 。
5. Sowing and base fertilizer application time: seeding on 2021, 5, 25 days and sprinkling irrigation on 2 days. And (4) uniformly harvesting the mature corns in 30 days in 9 months, air-drying for 7d, measuring the weight of hundred grains, and calculating the yield of the corns.
The results are shown in Table 1
6. And (4) investigating the incidence conditions of corn northern leaf blight, corn southern leaf blight, corn leaf sheath purple spot and corn stalk rot at the later stage of milk maturity of the corn. The grading of the corn field disease measurement indexes is carried out according to the standard of disease identification of national corn area test varieties. The results are shown in tables 2 and 3
Disease incidence (%) = (number of diseased plants/total number of investigated plants) × 100
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on corn kernel weight and yield
| Treatment of | Hundred grain weight/g | Yield/(kg/hm) 2 ) |
| A | 38.1 | 12086.1 |
| B | 33.2 | 10238.4 |
| C | 28.5 | 9618.5 |
As is evident from the data in Table 1, compared with treatment C without fertilizer application, the corn yield is obviously improved after the fertilizer is applied by the treatment A and the treatment B, and compared with the treatment B, the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention applied by the treatment A can obviously improve the corn yield, the yield is increased by 18.05 percent, and the weight of hundred grains is improved by 14.76 percent.
TABLE 2-2021 determination of effect of fertilizer on corn diseases and insect pests at 6 months, 11-12 days
Table 3-2021 determination of effects of fertilizers on corn diseases and insect pests at 8 months and 26-28 days
The data in table 2 clearly show that the field diseases of corn have big spot, small spot, leaf sheath purple spot and stem rot, wherein the disease level of the big spot, small spot and leaf sheath purple spot of the group C is obviously increased compared with the group A and the group B which are treated by applying the organic fertilizer, the big spot and small spot of the group C are treated by applying the organic fertilizer to achieve the sensitivity S, the big spot and the small spot of the group B are treated by applying the organic fertilizer to achieve the resistance R, the big spot and the small spot of the group A which are treated by applying the organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention achieve the high resistance HR, and the total disease incidence of plant diseases and insect pests, the disease incidence of the group A which is treated by applying the organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is 10.6% at the lowest, 16.5% lower than that of the group C which is treated without applying the organic fertilizer, and 6.5% lower than that of the commercial biological organic fertilizer disclosed by applying the organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention.
As is obvious from the data in Table 3, the disease levels of all the cells with the field diseases are more serious than those of the cells with the disease levels occurring for the first time, the disease levels of the big spot disease, the small spot disease, the leaf sheath purple spot disease and the stem rot disease are increased, the big spot disease and the small spot disease of the treatment group C reach the sensitivity S, the treatment A combination treatment group B after the fertilizer application respectively achieves the resistance R and the medium resistance R, and the treatment A group and the treatment B group after the fertilizer application reduce the total incidence of the diseases and the pests, wherein the total incidence of the diseases and the pests of the corn is reduced by 18.7 percent by applying the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention. The organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has more remarkable prevention and treatment effect on corn diseases and insect pests.
Claims (9)
1. The organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the feed additive is composed of traditional Chinese medicine residue powder, bacteria residue, streptomycete liquid, bacillus natto liquid, amylolytic bacillus liquid, bacillus subtilis liquid, saponin residue, biogas residue, livestock manure, a binder, attapulgite, iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid, lactic acid, entomogenous fungi liquid and trichoderma liquid.
2. The organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land is characterized in that: the composition comprises, by weight, 200-300 parts of traditional Chinese medicine slag powder, 30-40 parts of bacterial slag, 2-3 parts of streptomyces liquid, 2-4 parts of bacillus natto liquid, 1.5-3 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid, 15-20 parts of saponin slag, 15-30 parts of biogas residue, 30-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-15 parts of a binder, 60-90 parts of attapulgite, 1-10 parts of iron-based montmorillonite, 2-6 parts of sorbitol, 2-8 parts of citric acid, 3-7 parts of lactic acid and a proper amount of entomogenous fungi liquid and trichoderma liquid.
3. The organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight according to claim 1 or 2: the adhesive is prepared by mixing cassava starch, corn starch and water according to the weight ratio of 5-10 to 20-30, and stirring at the reaction temperature of 80-90 ℃ for 40-60 min at the rotating speed of 100 r/min.
4. The organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight according to claim 1 or 2: the entomogenous fungi liquid is prepared by mixing beauveria spore liquid, green muscardine fungus spore liquid and lilac purple spore liquid which are prepared by a conventional method in the prior art according to the weight ratio of 1.
5. The organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight according to claim 1 or 2: the streptomyces is selected from streptomyces NEAU6; the Bacillus subtilis is selected from Bacillus subtilis B6-1; the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PHODB35; the Bacillus natto is selected from Bacillus natto NT-6; the Trichoderma is selected from Trichoderma Guizhou NJAU4742.
6. The preparation method of the corn organic planting fertilizer suitable for the black land according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving wet traditional Chinese medicine residues for later use;
s2: uniformly mixing the traditional Chinese medicine residue powder, the edible fungus residue, the streptomycete liquid and the bacillus subtilis liquid prepared in the step S1 according to parts by weight to prepare a mixed material, stacking the mixed material in a compost box for fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving a fermented product to obtain powder A after the fermentation is finished;
s3: performing electron beam irradiation on the livestock manure, uniformly mixing the livestock manure with saponin residues, biogas residues, bacillus natto solution and bacillus amyloliquefaciens solution to prepare a mixed material, fermenting the mixed material, finishing fermentation, drying a fermented product, crushing and sieving to obtain powder B;
s4, spreading the powder B, and uniformly spraying entomogenous fungi liquid to obtain a compound C;
s5, mixing the compound C, the powder A and a binder, granulating, and drying at a low temperature to obtain a compound D;
s6, uniformly spraying trichoderma liquid on the surface of the compound D according to the parts by weight, mixing the compound D with attapulgite, iron-based montmorillonite, sorbitol, citric acid and lactic acid, carrying out ball milling, granulating, air-drying at low temperature and sieving to obtain the corn organic planting fertilizer suitable for the black land.
7. The preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer for the black land as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step S1, the corn is dried at 120-125 ℃ until the water content is 8-10%, and the corn is crushed and sieved by a 5mm sieve; the irradiation dose of the electron beam in the step S3 is 30-50 kGy.
8. The preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mixed materials in the step S2 and the step S3 are controlled to have the moisture content of 50-60%, and are respectively stacked at 1.44m 3 And fermenting in a composting box, turning the compost once when the temperature of the mixed materials rises to 60 ℃, turning the compost once every 3-4 days later, fermenting for 20-25 d, completely drying the fermented materials at 100-110 ℃, and respectively crushing the fermented materials through a 5mm sieve.
9. The preparation method of the organic corn planting fertilizer suitable for the black land, according to the claim 6, is characterized in that the rotating speed of a ball mill is controlled at 440r/min, the ball milling time is 1-2 h, and the fertilizer is placed in a disc granulator for granulation and sieved by a 5mm sieve; the low-temperature drying temperature in the step S5 is 40-50 ℃.
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