CN113999066A - Special organic fertilizer for lotus roots and preparation method and fertilization method thereof - Google Patents
Special organic fertilizer for lotus roots and preparation method and fertilization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113999066A CN113999066A CN202111319064.4A CN202111319064A CN113999066A CN 113999066 A CN113999066 A CN 113999066A CN 202111319064 A CN202111319064 A CN 202111319064A CN 113999066 A CN113999066 A CN 113999066A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots, which is prepared from the following raw materials: livestock and poultry manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossambicus, sawdust and an adsorbent. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots, which comprises the following steps: s1: uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossambicus, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, and adding sawdust to adjust the water content and carbon-nitrogen ratio to obtain a primary organic fertilizer; s2: fermenting the primary organic fertilizer, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature, and periodically turning to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer; s3: and (3) aging the fermented organic fertilizer, periodically turning the pile, and maintaining the temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer special for lotus roots is rich in nutrition, can promote the growth of the lotus roots and increase the yield of the lotus roots, is high in fermentation speed and sufficient in fermentation in the preparation process, and is scientific in fertilizing method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nelumbo nucifera belongs to Magnoliaceae, Shanlongyanmu. Preferring warm, not able to endure yin, not suitable for water deficiency and strong wind. The lotus root is slightly sweet and crisp, can be eaten as raw food or used as a vegetable, has high medicinal value, and can be used as a medicine for nourishing if the root, the leaf, the flower whisker and the fruit are not precious. The lotus root is made into powder, can digest and stop diarrhea, whet the appetite and clear heat, nourish and nourish the sex, prevent internal bleeding, and is good liquid food and nourishing good treasure for women, children and children old woman and the weak and sick people.
The residue of the Chinese medicinal materials is residue obtained after extraction with solvent or other methods. With the development of Chinese traditional medicines, 3000 million of medicine dregs are generated in China every year, and the traditional treatment method of the medicine dregs is incineration or landfill treatment, which not only causes resource waste, but also causes environmental pollution.
The organic fertilizer can be divided into plant source organic fertilizer and animal source organic fertilizer. The animal-derived organic fertilizer mainly comprises livestock and poultry manure such as chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure and the like. Because chickens, cattle, pigs and the like are cultivated in a factory in a large scale at present, a lot of antibiotics are added into feed, so that the produced excrement contains a large amount of heavy metals and antibiotics, if the organic fertilizer is produced by taking the heavy metals and the antibiotics as raw materials, the heavy metals and the antibiotics cannot be removed in the fermentation process of the organic fertilizer, so that the produced fertilizer can only be applied to landscaping and flower lawns, and if the produced fertilizer is applied to other field lotus roots and economic lotus roots, the harm to human bodies is possibly caused; in addition, the nutrition required by the growth of the lotus roots cannot be completely met only by using the feces of the livestock as the organic fertilizer, and the result that the growth of the lotus roots is slow and the yield is low can be generated after the application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots and a preparation method thereof, which can meet various nutrient substances required by the growth of the lotus roots, promote the growth of the lotus roots and increase the yield of the lotus roots, and the prepared organic fertilizer has high fermentation speed and sufficient fermentation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of livestock manure, 80-120 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma harzianum, 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of sacculus molesta, 10-20 parts of sawdust and 10-20 parts of adsorbent;
the adsorbent is prepared from vermiculite, peat and biochar according to a mass ratio of 2:1: 1.5.
Further, the livestock manure comprises two or more than two of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure and sheep manure.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises residue obtained after decocting radix scutellariae, salvia miltiorrhiza, radix isatidis, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, cortex magnoliae officinalis and liquorice.
Further comprises 0.5-1 part of trametes versicolor, 0.5-1 part of aspergillus candidus, 0.5-1 part of streptomyces microflavus and 0.5-1 part of aspergillus niger.
A preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossamensis, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, and adding sawdust to adjust the water content and carbon-nitrogen ratio to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
s2: stacking the primary organic fertilizer in a composting room for fermentation, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature at 60-70 ℃, and periodically turning the stack for 15-25 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer;
s3: aging the fermented organic fertilizer, turning over the pile periodically, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and aging for 5-15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, in step S1, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 30:1-35: 1.
Further, in step S2, the pile turning period is 4-6 d/time.
Further, in step S3, the pile-turning period is 1-2 d/time.
A fertilizing method of an organic fertilizer special for lotus roots is characterized by comprising the following steps: draining water in the pond 15-20 days before lotus root planting, deeply ploughing soil by 20-30cm, scattering 60-80kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, raking, and injecting into pond water; when 1 st lotus leaf is exposed out of the water surface and 1 vertical leaf exists, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 40-50kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, and when 5-6 vertical leaves grow on lotus root, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 20-30kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu; and when the lotus root leaves are stopped, discharging pool water to shallow water, and applying 15-20kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine residues and the livestock and poultry manure are used as main materials, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues and the livestock and poultry manure are rich in nutrients and organic matters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by the growth and development of lotus roots, so that the growth of the lotus roots is promoted, and the yield of the lotus roots is increased; the traditional Chinese medicine residues are rich in nutrient elements, and the flavone, alkaloid, terpenoid, glycoside and the like contained in the traditional Chinese medicine residues also have a certain disease and pest resistance effect, have high organic matter content and low heavy metal content, do not contain pathogenic bacteria and antibiotics, can loosen the soil to a certain extent, and improve the soil fertility.
2. The fermentation bacteria are used for fermenting the Chinese medicine residues and the livestock and poultry manure, so that harmful bacteria and worm eggs in the livestock and poultry manure can be removed, and the lotus roots are prevented from being attacked by pests and harmful microorganisms; after the traditional Chinese medicine residues are fermented, humus can be formed and converted into soil organic matters and nutrients, so that the lotus roots can obtain renting nutrients in the growth process, and the yield and the quality of the lotus roots are improved.
3. The zymophyte used in the invention contains bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, and has comprehensive fermentation and high speed. Trametes versicolor contains laccase, lignin which is difficult to degrade in the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be rapidly degraded, and the phenomenon that the fermentation speed is slow and the fermentation time is long due to the blocking effect of the lignin is prevented; in the primary metabolism stage, the streptomyces microflavus modifies the lignin structure and can achieve the effect of high-efficiency and rapid fermentation by matching with trametes versicolor; cellulase contained in trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger can quickly decompose cellulose which is difficult to decompose in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the degradation time is further shortened; the hemicellulase contained in the aspergillus leucatus and the bacillus can degrade the hemicellulose in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the hemicellulose is used as an adhesive between the cellulose and the lignin, so that the decomposition of the hemicellulose is a prerequisite condition for the decomposition of the lignin and the cellulose, the degradation of the lignin and the cellulose can be smoothly carried out by degrading the hemicellulose, and in addition, the bacillus subtilis decomposes organic matters, contains protease, amylase and lipase, can inhibit the growth and the propagation of harmful microorganisms such as harmful bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and the like, and improves the disease and pest resistance of the lotus roots. The Mucilomyces mossi can enable the root system of the lotus root to absorb nutrient substances such as phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and the like from soil, so that the chlorophyll content of the plant is improved, the photosynthesis of the plant is enhanced, and the growth of the plant is promoted; the saccaromyces mosseae can also promote the germination of trichoderma harzianum spores, the volatile compounds released by trichoderma harzianum can stimulate the formation of auxiliary cells of saccaromyces mosseae, the degradation efficiency can be increased under the synergistic effect of the trichoderma morzianum and the trichoderma harzianum, so that the degradation is more sufficient, the branch and root length of secondary roots of lotus roots can be increased, more nutrients can be absorbed from soil, and the growth of lotus roots is promoted. In addition, the combined action of the sacculus moscillus and the bacillus subtilis can ensure that the activity of defensive enzyme is higher, increase the stress resistance of the lotus root, reduce the influence of the environment on the growth of the lotus root and increase the quality and the yield of the lotus root.
4. The adsorbent used in the present invention contains Mg2+And Ca2+And the gaps on the surface of the biochar and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the biochar can adsorb NH in the fertilizer3Reduction of NH3Can adsorb NH4 +Reduction of NH3To make NH in the pile material3The concentration is reduced, thereby being beneficial to the nitrification and further reducing the nitrogen loss. At the same time, adsorbing NH3Can also reduce the odor of the fertilizer.
5. The preparation method of the invention carries out fermentation by aerobic composting, obtains the optimum condition of the composting by adding sawdust, is beneficial to full fermentation of the composting and quickens the composting time; the aeration system is used for ventilating and supplying oxygen, the optimum temperature and oxygen content are maintained, and the compost is turned over periodically, so that the material fermentation is more uniform, the water content of the compost is maintained, sufficient oxygen is provided for the interior of the compost, and the compost is prevented from entering an anaerobic state; after the aerobic composting is finished, aging is carried out, so that macromolecular organic matters which are not completely decomposed after the composting fermentation are further decomposed, stabilized and dried.
6. The fertilizing method of the invention can supplement nutrients in time and promote the growth of lotus roots to the maximum extent by reasonably applying enough base fertilizer and performing topdressing in time.
Detailed Description
Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of chicken manure, 25 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 10 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza dregs, 10 parts of isatis root dregs, 10 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome dregs, 10 parts of mangnolia officinalis dregs, 20 parts of liquorice dregs, 0.5 part of trichoderma harzianum, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.5 part of morchella, 18 parts of sawdust and 6.7 parts of vermiculite: 3.3 of peat: 15 parts of adsorbent prepared from biochar 5 in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.5, 0.8 part of trametes versicolor, 0.8 part of aspergillus candidus, 0.8 part of streptomyces microflavus and 0.8 part of aspergillus niger.
A preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing Scutellariae radix residue, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix residue, radix Isatidis residue, Atractylodis rhizoma residue, cortex Magnolia officinalis residue, and Glycyrrhrizae radix residue in advance to obtain Chinese medicinal residue; mixing vermiculite, peat and biochar in advance to obtain an adsorbent; uniformly mixing chicken manure, cow manure, Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossambicus, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, adding sawdust to adjust the water content to 60%, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 32:1, and obtaining a primary organic fertilizer;
s2: stacking the primary organic fertilizer in a composting room for fermentation, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature at 65 ℃, and periodically turning the pile for 4/time for 15 days to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;
s3: aging the fermented organic fertilizer, and turning the fermented organic fertilizer periodically for 2 d/time, maintaining the temperature at 45 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-15 days.
A fertilizing method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the steps of draining water in a pond 17 days before the lotus roots are planted, deeply ploughing 20cm of soil, scattering 80kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, raking and injecting the special organic fertilizer into pond water; when the 1 st lotus leaf is exposed out of the water surface and 1 lotus leaf stands, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 40kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; when 5-6 vertical leaves grow on the lotus roots, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 25kg of organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; and (3) discharging pool water to shallow water when the lotus root stops leaves, applying 20kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water.
Example 2
The organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of pig dung, 10 parts of sheep dung, 30 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 20 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza dregs, 20 parts of isatis root dregs, 10 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome dregs, 10 parts of mangnolia officinalis dregs, 10 parts of liquorice dregs, 1 part of trichoderma harzianum, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of sacculus mossambucus, 10 parts of sawdust and 6.7 parts of vermiculite: 3.3 of peat: 20 parts of adsorbent prepared from biochar 5 in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.5, 0.5 part of trametes versicolor, 0.5 part of aspergillus candidus, 0.5 part of streptomyces microflavus and 0.5 part of aspergillus niger.
A preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing Scutellariae radix residue, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix residue, radix Isatidis residue, Atractylodis rhizoma residue, cortex Magnolia officinalis residue, and Glycyrrhrizae radix residue in advance to obtain Chinese medicinal residue; mixing vermiculite, peat and biochar in advance to obtain an adsorbent; uniformly mixing cow dung, pig dung, sheep dung, Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossambicus, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, adding sawdust to adjust the water content to 55%, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30:1, and obtaining a primary organic fertilizer;
s2: stacking the primary organic fertilizer in a composting room for fermentation, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature at 60 ℃, and periodically turning the pile for 18 days at a pile turning period of 5 d/time to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;
s3: aging the fermented organic fertilizer, and turning the fermented organic fertilizer periodically for 5-15 days at 40 deg.C for 1 d/time.
A fertilizing method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the steps of draining water in a pond 18 days before the lotus roots are planted, deeply ploughing soil by 22cm, scattering 65kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, raking and injecting the special organic fertilizer into pond water; when the 1 st lotus leaf is exposed out of the water surface and 1 lotus leaf stands, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 50kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; when 5-6 vertical leaves grow on the lotus roots, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 30kg of the organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; and (3) discharging pool water to shallow water when the lotus root stops leaves, applying 15kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the pool water.
Example 3
The organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of chicken manure, 35 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 10 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza dregs, 20 parts of isatis root dregs, 20 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome dregs, 20 parts of magnolia officinalis dregs, 30 parts of liquorice dregs, 0.8 part of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.8 part of morchella, 20 parts of sawdust and 6.7 parts of vermiculite: 3.3 of peat: 10 parts of adsorbent prepared from biochar 5 in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.5, 0.6 part of trametes versicolor, 0.6 part of aspergillus candidus, 0.6 part of streptomyces microflavus and 0.6 part of aspergillus niger.
A preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing Scutellariae radix residue, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix residue, radix Isatidis residue, Atractylodis rhizoma residue, cortex Magnolia officinalis residue, and Glycyrrhrizae radix residue in advance to obtain Chinese medicinal residue; mixing vermiculite, peat and biochar in advance to obtain an adsorbent; uniformly mixing chicken manure, sheep manure, Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossambicus, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, adding sawdust to adjust the water content to 50%, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 33:1, and obtaining a primary organic fertilizer;
s2: stacking the primary organic fertilizer in a composting room for fermentation, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature at 70 ℃, and periodically turning the pile for 25 days at a pile turning period of 6 d/time to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;
s3: aging the fermented organic fertilizer, and turning pile periodically for 1 d/time, maintaining the temperature at 50 deg.C, and maintaining for 5-15 days.
A fertilizing method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the steps of draining water in a pond 20 days before the lotus roots are planted, deeply ploughing 25cm of soil, scattering 70kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, raking and injecting the special organic fertilizer into pond water; when the 1 st lotus leaf is exposed out of the water surface and 1 lotus leaf stands, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 40kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; when 5-6 vertical leaves grow on the lotus roots, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 20kg of the organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; and (3) discharging pool water to shallow water when the lotus root stops leaves, applying 15kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the pool water.
Example 4
The organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of cow manure, 10 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis dregs, 10 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza dregs, 30 parts of isatis root dregs, 20 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome dregs, 20 parts of magnolia officinalis dregs, 20 parts of liquorice dregs, 0.6 part of trichoderma harzianum, 0.6 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.6 part of morchella moschata, 12 parts of sawdust and 4.4 parts of vermiculite: 2.2 of peat: 3.3 of biochar, 12 parts of adsorbent prepared according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1.5, 1 part of trametes versicolor, 1 part of aspergillus candidus, 1 part of streptomyces microflavus and 1 part of aspergillus niger.
A preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing Scutellariae radix residue, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix residue, radix Isatidis residue, Atractylodis rhizoma residue, cortex Magnolia officinalis residue, and Glycyrrhrizae radix residue in advance to obtain Chinese medicinal residue; mixing vermiculite, peat and biochar in advance to obtain an adsorbent; uniformly mixing chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mosissima, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, adding saw dust to adjust the water content to 52 percent, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 35:1 to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
s2: stacking the primary organic fertilizer in a composting room for fermentation, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature at 68 ℃, and periodically turning the pile for 20 days at a pile turning period of 4 d/time to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;
s3: aging the fermented organic fertilizer, and turning the fermented organic fertilizer periodically for 2 d/time, maintaining the temperature at 45 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5-15 days to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;
a fertilizing method of a special organic fertilizer for lotus roots comprises the steps of draining water in a pond 15 days before the lotus roots are planted, deeply ploughing soil by 30cm, scattering 80kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, raking and injecting the special organic fertilizer into pond water; when the 1 st lotus leaf is exposed out of the water surface and 1 lotus leaf stands, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 15kg of organic fertilizer special for lotus root per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; when 5-6 vertical leaves grow on the lotus roots, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 20kg of the organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the organic fertilizer into the pool water; and (3) discharging pool water to shallow water when the lotus root stops leaves, applying 15kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu, and injecting the pool water.
Comparative example 1
Basically the same as the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer special for lotus root are not added with the traditional Chinese medicine dregs; the mixture ratio of other raw materials is unchanged.
Comparative example 2
Basically the same as the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots are not added with trichoderma harzianum and sacculus mossamusceus; the mixture ratio of other raw materials is unchanged.
Comparative example 3
Basically the same as the example 3, except that no Gliocladium mossambica is added in the raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots; the mixture ratio of other raw materials is unchanged.
Comparative example 4
Basically the same as the example 3, except that trichoderma harzianum is not added in the raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots; the mixture ratio of other raw materials is unchanged.
Comparative example 5
Basically the same as example 3, except that in the raw materials for preparing the lotus root organic fertilizer, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossambicus, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus and aspergillus niger are not added, and a commercial organic fertilizer starter is adopted instead.
Comparative example 6
Basically the same as the example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots are not added with an adsorbent; the mixture ratio of other raw materials is unchanged.
Comparative example 7
Basically the same as example 3, except that the water content and carbon-nitrogen ratio were not adjusted in the step of preparing the organic fertilizer dedicated to lotus root.
Comparative example 8
Basically the same as example 3, except that oxygen was not supplied to the raw materials for preparing the organic fertilizer exclusively for lotus root through the aeration system.
Comparative example 9
Basically the same as the example 3, except that the method for applying the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots does not discharge pool water to shallow water before application.
Comparative example 10
The fertilization method of the special fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer for planting lotus roots of Hebei Juntian biotechnology limited is the same as that of the example 3.
1. Determination test of nutrient components of organic fertilizer special for lotus roots
The organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6 were sampled at the same position and the percentage content of N, P, K and organic matters in the organic fertilizer was measured.
TABLE 1 nutrient contents of organic fertilizers of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-8
| Organic fertilizer | N(％) | P(％) | K(％) | Organic matter (%) |
| Example 3 | 3.02 | 3.45 | 0.72 | 67.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 0.26 | 36.4 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.62 | 1.95 | 0.38 | 40.3 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.86 | 2.23 | 0.48 | 46.7 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.94 | 2.35 | 0.46 | 46.4 |
| Comparative example 5 | 2.68 | 3.15 | 0.65 | 60.3 |
| Comparative example 6 | 2.01 | 3.06 | 0.58 | 54.6 |
| Comparative example 7 | 2.51 | 2.96 | 0.62 | 57.3 |
| Comparative example 8 | 2.44 | 2.75 | 0.55 | 52.8 |
As can be seen from table 1, the N, P, K contents in example 3 are respectively increased by 1.99%, 2.35% and 0.46% compared with comparative example 1, because the herb residue is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for growth and development of lotus root and organic matters, and can greatly increase the nutrient substances in the organic fertilizer when added to the organic fertilizer.
Example 3 has an organic content increase of 1.4%, 1.5%, 0.34%, 27.5% relative to N, P, K of comparative example 2;
the organic content of example 3 was increased by 1.16%, 1.22%, 0.24%, 21.6%, respectively, compared to N, P, K of comparative example 3;
example 3 has an organic content increase of 1.08%, 1.1%, 0.26%, 21.4% relative to N, P, K of comparative example 4, respectively;
therefore, the Mucilomyces mosseae and the Trichoderma harzianum are used together, so that organic matters can be better degraded, and the degradation is more sufficient.
The commercial starter culture used in comparative example 5, which contained less nutrients than in example 3, demonstrates that the strains of the present invention are more fully degraded and produce nutrients than the commercial starter culture.
Comparative example 6 without using an adsorbent, the N content was significantly reduced due to the Mg content in the adsorbent2+And Ca2+And the gaps on the surface of the biochar and the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the biochar can adsorb NH in the fertilizer3Reduction of NH3Can adsorb NH4 +Reduction of NH3To make NH in the pile material3The concentration is reduced, thereby being beneficial to the nitrification and further reducing the nitrogen loss.
Comparative example 7 the water content and carbon nitrogen ratio were not adjusted, the nutrient content was decreased, because the activity of the microorganism mainly uses organic matter as nutrient source, if the carbon nitrogen ratio is high, the nitrogen element contained in the organic matter is less, which causes the lack of nutrient nitrogen source of the microorganism, and the decomposition of the microorganism is difficult; if the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too low, the carbon source is lost in the composting process, and meanwhile, the nitrogen content of the raw materials is too high, so that the microorganisms can convert redundant nitrogen into ammonia gas, and finally the loss of nitrogen elements in the composting materials is caused, so that the adjustment of the proper carbon-nitrogen ratio has an important effect on the content of nutrient elements in the organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 8 no oxygen supply was performed by the aeration system, and the nutrient content was decreased because if the microorganism did not receive enough oxygen in time, the aerobic environment was changed to the anaerobic environment, and the aerobic bacteria died in the anaerobic environment and could not ferment.
2. Degradation rate test
The test method comprises the following steps: using a paradigm method to determine the content of lignin and cellulose in the organic fertilizer of example 3 and comparative example 5 before and after fermentation
TABLE 2 changes in lignin and cellulose content
As can be seen from Table 2, the lignin content in the organic fertilizer in example 3 is reduced by 18.96%, and the reduction rate is 53%; the cellulose content is reduced by 8.31 percent, and the reduction rate is 23 percent. Therefore, the fermentation bacteria can quickly degrade lignin and cellulose which are difficult to degrade in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, so that the fermentation is more sufficient, and the fermentation bacteria used in the invention contain bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, so that the fermentation is comprehensive and fast. Trametes versicolor contains laccase, lignin which is difficult to degrade in the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be rapidly degraded, and the phenomenon that the fermentation speed is slow and the fermentation time is long due to the blocking effect of the lignin is prevented; in the primary metabolism stage, the streptomyces microflavus modifies the lignin structure and can achieve the effect of high-efficiency and rapid fermentation by matching with trametes versicolor; cellulase contained in trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger can quickly decompose cellulose which is difficult to decompose in the traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the degradation time is further shortened; hemicellulase contained in aspergillus leucatus and bacillus can degrade hemicellulose in herb residue, and the hemicellulose is used as a bonding agent between cellulose and lignin, so that the decomposition of the hemicellulose is a prerequisite condition for decomposing the lignin and the cellulose, and the degradation of the lignin and the cellulose can be smoothly carried out by degrading the hemicellulose.
3. Lotus root yield and growth test
Planting tests are carried out on examples 1-4, comparative examples 1-4 and comparative examples 9-10 by using the Escholtzia 5 variety, the planting area of each example and comparative example is 1 mu, and the plants are harvested at the same period, and the growth vigor of each group is measured and the yield is counted.
TABLE 3 Lotus root yield and growth vigor
As can be seen from Table 3, the yield per mu of example 3 is increased by 3066-;
the yield per mu of the comparative example 3 is increased by 2664-2375-289 kg compared with the comparative example 2, and the growth rate is 12 percent;
the yield per mu of the comparative example 4 is increased by 2631-2375-256 kg compared with the comparative example 2, and the growth rate is 10 percent;
then, the combined use of Sphaerotheca morganii and Trichoderma harzianum in example 3 produced an additive effect of 692kg, the use of Trichoderma harzianum alone in comparative example 3 and the use of Sphaerotheca morganii alone in comparative example 4 produced additive effects of 189+156 ═ 542 < 692, and (692-. Therefore, the glomus mosseae and the trichoderma harzianum generate a synergistic effect, and the lotus root yield is increased.
The mosses sacculus mildew can enable the root system of the lotus root to absorb nutrient substances such as phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and the like from soil, so that the chlorophyll content of the plant is improved, the photosynthesis of the plant is enhanced, and the growth of the plant is promoted; the saccaromyces mosseae can also promote the germination of trichoderma harzianum spores, the volatile compounds released by trichoderma harzianum can stimulate the formation of auxiliary cells of saccaromyces mosseae, the synergistic effect of the two can increase the degradation efficiency, so that the degradation is more sufficient, and the branch and root length of secondary roots of lotus roots can be increased, thereby absorbing more nutrients from soil, and promoting the quality and yield increase of lotus roots; all numerical values of the comparative example 8 are lower than those of the example 3, which shows that the quality and the yield of the lotus roots can be effectively improved by using the fertilizing method provided by the invention.
The yield of the lotus roots in the comparative example 9 is lower than that in the example 3, and the yield per mu in the example 3 is increased by 14% compared with the comparative example 9, which shows that the yield of the lotus roots can be effectively increased and the economic benefit can be increased by using the organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots of the invention compared with the organic fertilizer sold in the market.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The organic fertilizer special for the lotus roots is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of livestock manure, 80-120 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma harzianum, 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of sacculus molesta, 10-20 parts of sawdust and 10-20 parts of adsorbent;
the adsorbent is prepared from vermiculite, peat and biochar according to a mass ratio of 2:1: 1.5.
2. The organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the livestock manure comprises two or more of chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure and sheep manure.
3. The organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the Chinese medicinal residue comprises Scutellariae radix, Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix, radix Isatidis, Atractylodis rhizoma, cortex Magnolia officinalis, and Glycyrrhrizae radix.
4. The organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: also comprises 0.5-1 part of trametes versicolor, 0.5-1 part of aspergillus candidus, 0.5-1 part of streptomyces microflavus and 0.5-1 part of aspergillus niger.
5. A preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, sacculus mossamensis, trametes versicolor, aspergillus leucatus, streptomyces microflavus, aspergillus niger and an adsorbent, and adding sawdust to adjust the water content and carbon-nitrogen ratio to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;
s2: stacking the primary organic fertilizer in a composting room for fermentation, supplying oxygen through an aeration system, maintaining the temperature at 60-70 ℃, and periodically turning the stack for 15-25 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer;
s3: aging the fermented organic fertilizer, turning over the pile periodically, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and aging for 5-15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
6. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S1, the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 30:1-35: 1.
7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S2, the pile turning period is 4-6 d/time.
8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S3, the pile turning period is 1-2 d/time.
9. A fertilizing method of the organic fertilizer special for lotus roots according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: draining water in the pond 15-20 days before lotus root planting, deeply ploughing soil by 20-30cm, scattering 60-80kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, raking, and injecting into pond water; when 1 st lotus leaf is exposed out of the water surface and 1 vertical leaf exists, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 40-50kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu, and when 5-6 vertical leaves grow on lotus root, discharging pool water to shallow water, applying 20-30kg of the special organic fertilizer for lotus root per mu; and when the lotus root leaves are stopped, discharging pool water to shallow water, and applying 15-20kg of the special organic fertilizer for the lotus roots per mu.
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