CN104428475A - 用于形成地板覆盖物的面板、用于制造这种面板的方法和用于所述面板的颗粒物 - Google Patents

用于形成地板覆盖物的面板、用于制造这种面板的方法和用于所述面板的颗粒物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104428475A
CN104428475A CN201380036382.7A CN201380036382A CN104428475A CN 104428475 A CN104428475 A CN 104428475A CN 201380036382 A CN201380036382 A CN 201380036382A CN 104428475 A CN104428475 A CN 104428475A
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China
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layer
panel
thermoplastic
particle
glass fiber
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Granted
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CN201380036382.7A
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CN104428475B (zh
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M·塞加尔特
C·内耶尔特
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Unilin BV
Flooring Industries Ltd SARL
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Unilin BV
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    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
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    • Y10T428/24868—Translucent outer layer

Abstract

用于形成地板覆盖物的面板，其中该面板(1)至少包括热塑性材料的层(9)，其特征在于，所述层(9)还包括长度大于1毫米的独立纤维。

Description

用于形成地板覆盖物的面板、用于制造这种面板的方法和用于所述面板的颗粒物
技术领域
本发明涉及用于形成地板覆盖物的面板、用于制造这种面板的方法和用于所述面板的颗粒物。
更具体地，本发明涉及包括至少一层热塑性材料的层、尤其是热塑性材料的基板层的面板。而且，这种面板还可以最所述层包括具有印刷装饰层的至少一个顶层和半透明和透明的耐磨层。
本发明尤其涉及这种类型的面板，即，在两个或更多个相对边缘上，包括联接装置或联接部，两块这种地板面板可以借助所述联接装置或联接部在所述边缘处联接，使其在垂直于相应边缘的水平方向上并且在地板面板的平面中以及在垂直于地板面板的平面的竖向方向上相互锁定。这种地板面板可以用于构成所谓的浮动地板覆盖物，其中地板面板在其边缘处连接至彼此，但自由地铺设在下部表面上。
背景技术
例如从EP 1938963、EP 2339092A1和WO 2010/023042已知这种面板。从这些文献已知乙烯基地板面板用于形成浮动地板覆盖物。这种乙烯基地板面板大部分具有3至5毫米的厚度并且具有高材料密度。面板的相应芯部由例如可以包括填料的软PVC的热塑性材料的一个或多个层构成。在印刷部上设有透明热塑性层并且可以设有表面漆层。根据EP2339092A1，可以施加在玻璃纤维基础上的加强层。
现有技术的面板的缺点在于在温度影响下，它们经受较强的收缩和膨胀。收缩和膨胀会导致地板覆盖物或各面板向上推起，例如以相互释放联接部，或者导致这样的现象，即，各板形部件将漂离，由此会产生间隙。现有技术的面板的特征使得已经由于例如在房间窗户处入射阳光的加热而出现问题。
从WO 2012/004701已知施加玻璃纤维层或嵌入型材来增大这种面板的尺寸稳定性。尤其在此已经解决了面板的弯曲硬度。
US 6306318描述了用于再循环废弃地毯的方法，其中，从基于废弃地毯和新的软PVC的再循环物料的熔融混合物开始，借助注射成型方法生产最小厚度为大约5毫米的柔性地板砖。所述混合物包括重量百分比最大为5的塑化剂的量，所获得的地板砖横过其厚度具有均匀的成分并且包括重量百分比为10至20的未熔化聚酰胺或聚酯地毯纤维，所述地毯纤维横过这些地板砖的厚度均匀分布。所述纤维提供耐磨表面。作为废弃地毯的再循环物料的替代物，也可以应用玻璃纤维强化的合成材料(英文：玻璃纤维)的再循环物料。在地毯的情况下，其以大约3.2毫米或更大的地毯纤维开始，其中尽可能避免在处理期间长度的减小。但可以预期在注射成型之前使地毯破碎并在挤压机中对其进行处理实际上将导致现有纤维缩短。不清楚当从玻璃纤维加强合成材料的再循环开始时玻璃纤维的长度将是多少。而且不清楚多少玻璃纤维已经合并到地板砖基体中以及应用了何种玻璃纤维。所得到的地板砖较硬并且柔性不足。这会导致在使用期间冲击噪音的问题以及不能适应不平坦的下部表面的问题。注射成型的地板砖包括沿着边缘的联接装置，但这些联接装置并不提供沿竖向方向的锁定。而且，尤其在软热塑性材料的情况下，注射成型的精度较差。该方法是耗时的，并且地板砖的耐磨侧的外观几乎不可能变化。这种地板砖可能仍随着温度变化而具有较大的尺寸变化。
GB 1248060作为与US 6306318类似的替代方法描述了通过一种方法制造加强热塑性材料的可行方案，在所述方法中，连续的纤维层与热塑性颗粒物层交替地层叠并被挤压。这样，避免了在挤压机中现有纤维的破碎。根据示例，硬PVC可用作热塑性材料。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种可替代面板，其首先用作用于形成浮动地板覆盖物的地板面板。根据本发明的各优选实施例，还提供用于解决现有技术面板的问题的方案。
为此，本发明根据其第一独立方面涉及一种用于形成地板覆盖物的面板，其中该面板包括由热塑性材料构成的至少一层，其特征在于，所述层还包括优选地长度大于1mm的独立纤维。“独立纤维”意味着它们不形成诸如玻璃纤维布的层或预制层的一部分，而是例如在热塑性材料内均匀或不均匀地自由分布。发明人已经发现使用这种松散或独立的纤维可以在主要程度上有助于面板的尺寸稳定性，并且继而尤其可以限制膨胀或收缩的程度。通常，这种独立纤维嵌入在热塑性材料中看起来比例如玻璃纤维布更好。而且与这种玻璃纤维网(无纺布)或玻璃纤维布(纺织)相比，所述独立纤维可以在热塑性材料的较大厚度上有效，从而可以在较大程度上避免通过在这种玻璃纤维布上移开而产生收缩或膨胀。
优选地，相应纤维的平均长度为3毫米或更大。已借助平均长度为大约4.5毫米的纤维获得了良好的效果。优选地，配件厂的短于10毫米或者甚至短于6毫米。
优选地，相应的层所包括的相应纤维的重量百分比在1与25之间，并且重量百分比更好是在5与15之间，而不包括诸如白垩的其它可能的纤维。
优选地，玻璃纤维用于所述纤维。优选地选择例如在DIN 1259中定义的E玻璃。根据替代方案，可以应用钢纤维或其它纤维，诸如碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或聚乙烯纤维。
优选地，应用防潮纤维，并且因而没有纤维素纤维，除非它们例如用乙酰化作用涂覆或处理，以便使其至少在一定程度上防潮。
优选地，例如玻璃纤维的纤维的平均直径在1微米与100微米之间或者更好在3微米与30微米之间，其中在各种试验中，在5微米与25微米之间的范围已被证明是最好的。
优选地，所述纤维设有涂层或被处理以提高到热塑性材料的附着性。优选地，纤维的表面用诸如硅烷的耦合剂处理。
优选地，所述纤维的热膨胀系数小于其所处于其中的热塑性材料的热膨胀系数，并且/或者杨氏模量高于其所处于其中的热塑性材料的杨氏模量。
优选地，所应用的纤维的杨氏模量大于40GPa，更好是大于60GPa。
优选地，所应用的纤维的热膨胀系数小于30μm/mK并且更好的是小于5μm/mK。
优选地，所述热塑性材料涉及聚氯乙稀，优选地半刚性或甚至是软的聚氯乙稀(PVC)，即具有塑化剂的PVC，例如PVC中塑化剂的重量百分比大于百分之20或大于百分之30。清楚的是代替PVC的使用，还可以应用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PET)或聚氨酯(PUR)。
优选地，本发明的面板还包括在所述层上方的至少印刷装饰层和设置在其上面的半透明或透明的耐磨层。所述装饰层可以由在合成材料膜上进行印刷而形成，例如印刷的PVC膜、PU膜、PP膜、PET膜。在PP膜的情况下，这可以例如涉及定向聚丙烯膜。耐磨层优选地也包括热塑性材料，诸如PVC、PU、PP或PET。优选地，透明热塑性耐磨层没有固体添加剂，例如用于增强耐磨性的陶瓷颗粒物，但这种颗粒物并不被排除在外。但发明人已经发现为了获得良好的透明度而将其省略，同时仍保持可接受的耐磨性，即，根据EN 13329测量，耐磨性可以与AC2或AC3级的层叠面板相比或更好。耐磨层的厚度是最小0.15毫米，并且更好是最小0.3毫米，但优选地小于1毫米，其中0.2至0.4毫米是较好的值。借助该较好的值，通过耐磨层自身的热塑性材料，因而不考虑可能的固体添加剂，对于住宅应用就已经可以获得足够的耐磨性。因此例如可以在附件E的EN 13329中描述的挺度测试中获得2000或更高的IP值(初始磨损点)。
根据替代方案，印刷装饰或印刷可以设置在耐磨层的下侧上。
优选地，所述热塑性层还包括至少玻璃纤维布或玻璃纤维网。优选地，其在此涉及所谓的“无纺布”，即，玻璃纤维网。发明人已经发现最好买入在热塑性材料中的玻璃纤维网可以被定向，并且因此可以更高效地加工玻璃纤维。
优选地，根据本发明包括独立纤维的热塑性层涉及基板层，即，在顶层下面延伸的层。优选地，这种层位于面板厚度的至少中间。这样，限制或排除了随温度变化的可能的弯曲效应。
面板的基板可以通过各种可能的方式构成。下文总结了非排他性的一些可行方案。
根据第一可行方案，面板包括基于热塑性材料的至少两个这种层。这些层可以直接位于彼此之上或者可以通过诸如玻璃纤维布或玻璃纤维网的一个或多个中间层分开。根据该第一可行方案，面板的厚度优选地由这些层形成百分之40或更多，或者甚至一半或更多。换言之，面板的基板，因而位于装饰下面的层，基本可以由具有热塑性材料和独立纤维的这种层形成。明显的是这样可以通过有利方式减小随温度变化膨胀或收缩的程度。
根据第二可行方案，所述面板进包括基于热塑性材料和纤维的一个这种层。这种层位于面板和/或基板的厚度的至少中间。相应层优选地形成面板和/或基板的厚度的至少百分之10并且更好是至少百分之50。基板的厚度的其余部分继而可以由可以不必包括纤维的热塑性材料层形成，和/或由一个或多个玻璃纤维布或玻璃纤维网形成。不排除相应层形成多于百分之80或者甚至是整个基板。
优选地，基板厚度是1.3至10毫米。整个地板面板的厚度优选地是在2至6毫米之间。优选地，基板形成地板面板的厚度的至少二分之一。
在基板下侧上，可以设有相对层或衬垫层，优选地是蒸气密封层。这种相对层或衬垫层优选地由热塑性合成材料层构成。相对层的厚度优选地对应于包括可能的背衬层的顶层的厚度，但优选地较薄。相对层优选地用作平衡层，以便可以获得平衡的夹层结构，即，面板没有翘曲或翘曲最小。
优选地，根据本发明包括独立纤维的层的热塑性材料还包括填料，诸如石灰石。
漆层可以用作面板的最下层。在此，这可以涉及UV或电子束硬化的漆层或PU漆层。
优选地，应用本发明的地板面板在各边缘处设有机械联接装置，允许将两块这种地板面板联接至彼此，以便在垂直于联接边缘的水平方向上并且在面板的平面中以及在垂直于所联接的面板的平面的竖向方向上产生锁定。优选地，所述联接装置还具有以下特征中的一个或两个或多个的组合：
-所述机械联接装置或联接部基本实现为舌部和由上唇和下唇界定的槽，其中该舌部和槽基本用于沿所述竖向方向锁定，并且其中舌部和槽设有基本用于沿所述水平方向锁定的额外锁定部。优选地，锁定部包括在舌部的下侧上的凸起和在下部槽唇中的凹槽。这种联接装置和锁定部例如从WO 97/47834已知；
－所述机械联接装置或联接部将所联接到地板面板压靠在彼此上，例如是由于这些机械联接装置设有从EP 1026341已知的所谓的预紧装置。使得地板面板压靠在彼此上或朝向彼此压靠的张力可以例如借助下唇与上述特征相组合而获得，所述下唇在联接位置向外弯曲并且当试图弹回时压靠在舌部的下侧上；
－所述机械联接装置允许借助面板朝向彼此地水平移动或准水平移动而进行联接；
－所述机械联接装置允许借助沿着相应边缘的转动W而进行联接；
－所述机械联接装置允许借助凸出联接部向下运动到凹入联接部中而进行联接，所述凸出联接部例如具有舌部，所述凹入联接部例如具有槽。借助这种面板，具有随着面板的膨胀或向上挤压而使连接释放的高风险，这是因为在这种情况下沿竖向方向的锁定会变弱；
－所述机械联接装置或至少所述上边缘借助旋转铣刀的铣削操作而实现。
优选地，所述联接装置基本在所述基板中实现，尤其是在根据本发明包括松散纤维的所述层中实现。优选地，所述联接装置借助旋转铣刀的铣削操作而提供。优选地，本发明的地板面板涉及长方形或正方形的矩形面板，其设有在两对相对边缘上的机械联接装置。
设有联接装置的面板的厚度优选地是2.5毫米，更好是3毫米。由于所述独立纤维的存在，也可以在4毫米或更薄的面板中提供可靠的联接装置。由于所获得的面板尺寸稳定性较高，因此联接装置应力较小并且可以做得更小。
本发明可以用于在其边缘处没有联接装置的面板，其中这些面板继而用于以其下侧粘合至下部表面。这种面板的厚度优选地小于4毫米，但优选地大于1.5毫米。
本发明的面板的宽度优选地是8厘米或更大。尤其优选的尺寸是宽度在14与22厘米之间并且长度在118与220厘米之间。清楚的是这涉及面板形部件并且因而不涉及墙到墙的地板覆盖物。但面板形部件不必是刚性的，而可以是能卷起的。本发明尤其涉及厚板形式或板砖形式的所谓的LVT(豪华乙烯基板砖)。
当在具有重量百分比为20的塑化剂的软PVC中使用长度为3.2毫米的独立E玻璃纤维时，发明人已经发现，从20℃加热到120℃，仅膨胀0.05％，而对于没有应用独立纤维的类似样品，膨胀了0.35％。对于冷却而言，也发现了类似的收缩值。
根据独立的第二方面，本发明还涉及可以用于制造面板的方法，所述面板具有本发明的第一方面或其优选实施例的特征，但也可以更广泛地应用。为此，本发明设计一种用于制造面板的方法，其中所述方法至少包括形成热塑性材料的层的步骤，其特征在于，所形成的层包括优选地长度大于1毫米的独立纤维。
根据尤其优选的实施例，所述层形成在所述热塑性材料的颗粒物的基础上。优选地，颗粒物的颗粒包括重量百分比为至少50或重量百分比为60至80的填料，诸如白垩。该颗粒物例如可以散布或通过其他方式沉积在下部表面上，然后所述颗粒物借助优选的加热的挤压处理合并成热塑性层。根据最优选的实施例，颗粒物沉积或者可以散布在输送装置上，并且在连续挤压装置的带之间被引导，在此进行合并或至少开始合并。根据该具体的优选实施例，为此可以应用诸如从WO 2012/016916得知的装置。优选地，所述颗粒物的平均颗粒物尺寸是1至3毫米，或者是大约2毫米。根据具体实施例，使用所谓的微颗粒物或平均颗粒物尺寸小于1毫米的颗粒物，例如大约800微米的颗粒物。可以应用小于350微米的颗粒物，或者甚至更好是100微米和小于100微米的颗粒物。这种小颗粒物优选地不是仅通过破碎较大颗粒物而获得，而是通过凝固热塑性材料而获得。凝固因而将例如通过在液体中淬火(英文：quenching)而进行。用于形成颗粒物的该特定技术使得所获得的颗粒物的颗粒物形状更接近球形。通过利用可以通过凝固获得的小于1毫米的颗粒物或微颗粒物，可以获得相应热塑性层的更均匀的成分。本发明的独立纤维当位于基于这种颗粒物的层中时将具有更好的效果。
所述独立纤维也可以被散布或合并在所散布的颗粒物的颗粒中。
当最终层不包括任何独立纤维时，使用上述微颗粒物也是具有优点的。因此，本发明根据具体独立方面还涉及用于制造面板的方法，该方法至少包括形成热塑性材料的层的步骤，其特征在于，所述层基于所述热塑性材料的散布颗粒物而形成并且所述颗粒物的平均颗粒物尺寸小于1mm，并且更好是小于350微米或更小，或者是100微米或更小。优选地，所述平均颗粒物尺寸大于25微米，以便避免颗粒物结块并且保持颗粒物良好的流动性。清楚的是这种方法具有优选实施例，其对应于所述第二方面的方法的优选实施例，而不必应用独立纤维。清楚的是优选地将软PVC用作热塑性材料，并且相应的热塑性层优选地包括填料，诸如白垩或石灰。这些填料可以或可以不经由相应的颗粒物来提供。优选地，所述颗粒物包括多于百分之50重量的填料或者更好百分之60与80之间重量的填料，例如大约百分之70或72重量的填料。通过应用高填充的颗粒物，可以实现填料在层中较好的分布，并且获得平稳的制造过程。还清楚的是该方法可以用于制造与所述第一方面或其优选实施例类似的地板面板，而不必应用所述独立纤维。
根据第二方面的另一个实施例，所述层基于挤压的热塑性材料而形成。在此这可以涉及例如借助所谓的Banbury混合器(Kobe Steel公司)获得到材料，其中相应热塑性材料的颗粒物被揉制，其中例如在至少一套辊之间处被揉制的材料被挤压成层。在此，产生纤维在混合期间被破碎的风险。
还根据上述两个尤其优选的实施例，所述颗粒物还优选地包括所述独立纤维的至少一部分，优选地是玻璃纤维。
明显的是在上述步骤中所获得的层必须与在所述层中或不在所述层中的其他材料一起处理，以形成最终面板。还可以首先获得板材或片材，由此通过将其细分而获得多块这种面板。
通常可以通过多种方式处理相应的层。根据第一可行方案，借助加热并挤压，相应的层至少在表面处与诸如印刷装饰膜和/或耐磨层和/或另一基层的一个或多个其它热塑性层熔合到一起。根据第二可行方案，一个或多个其它材料层、尤其是一个或多个其它基层通过对其压延或以其他方式将其提供在已形成的层上而以液体形式或膏形式提供。根据第三可行方案，根据本发明包括纤维的层设置在已形成的其它层上，例如在玻璃纤维网上或在玻璃纤维布上，和/或在另一个已形成的基板层上。
优选地，本发明的方法包括在相应的层中提供玻璃纤维层的步骤，优选地是玻璃纤维网或“无纺布”。
应注意，透明耐磨层当施加时优选地没有诸如玻璃纤维的纤维。当利用装饰膜时，其也优选地没有这种独立纤维，无论是否是层的形式。对于装饰膜，优选地应用印刷硬PVC膜，即，没有或几乎没有塑化剂的PVC膜。使用硬PVC膜会得到高质量的印刷，这是因为在印刷期间较少经受尺寸变化。当在印刷期间借助供热进行一个或多个干燥处理时，这是尤其有利的，当用水基着色墨水时将是这种情况。对于透明耐磨层，可以使用软PVC层，例如具有重量百分比为12或更多的塑化剂。
根据第三独立方面，本发明还涉及可以应用于所述第二方面和/或其优选实施例的方法的材料。为此，本发明涉及用于形成热塑性材料的颗粒物，其中该颗粒物除了相应热塑性材料之外还包括玻璃纤维，该玻璃纤维的平均长度优选地大于1mm，并且更好是3毫米或更长。所述颗粒物可以包括填料，诸如石灰或白垩。在这种情况下，所述颗粒物优选地包括重量百分比为至少50或从60至80的填料，诸如白垩。
清楚的是热塑性材料还可以具有在第一方面中陈述的成分。优选地，热塑性材料涉及用于形成半刚性或软PVC的原料。优选地，该PVC包括塑化剂的量的重量百分比大于12，例如20或更大的重量百分比。
应理解，根据本发明，“基板”意味着地板面板自身的内层，其可以由单层或多层构成，但其中相应的层的总厚度优选地大于所述面板总厚度的一半，并且/或者其中所述相应层的总重量优选地大于所述地板的总重量的一半。优选地，可能的联接装置的轮廓基本或完全在基板中实现。
而且，应理解，“纤维”意味着长形颗粒物。优选地，这种纤维的长度至少是其平均直径的一百倍。优选地，这涉及具有圆形或大致圆形横截面的纤维。
附图说明
为了较好地示出本发明的特征，下文将参照附图描述作为非限制性示例的一些优选实施例，其中：
图1示出具有本发明的特征的面板；
图2以较大比例示出按照图1中的线II－II的横截面；
图3示意性地示出在具有所述第二方面的特征的方法中的一些步骤。
具体实施方式
图1示出矩形和长方形地板面板1，其具有一对长边2－3和一对短边4－5。
图2示出相应的地板面板1由各层6－7－8－9－10构成。
基板11由热塑性材料的层9形成，所述热塑性材料在这种情况下是软PVC，其包括诸如玻璃纤维的独立纤维。相应的基板层9还包括内嵌的玻璃纤维网12。在相应的层9上设有顶层13，其包括印刷装饰层7和基于热塑性材料的透明耐磨层6。顶层13还包括位于装饰膜7下面的背衬层8。在该示例中，背衬层8、装饰膜7和耐磨层6是基于聚氯乙稀制成的。优选地，装饰膜7制成为印刷硬PVC膜，而耐磨层6和可能的可选背衬层8优选地基于软PVC实现，即，具有重量百分比为12或更多的塑化剂的量。
在该示例中，装饰膜7设有带木纹图案14的印刷部，其中每块面板1每次都提供单个木板的图像。
在基板11的下侧15上，设有也基于软PVC的相对层10。
图2示出所述层9至少在基板11的厚度T的中间中。在这种情况下，相应的层9形成整个基板11。
图2还示出包括独立纤维的相应的层9构成面板1的厚度T的至少百分之40并且在此甚至大于该厚度的一半。
而且，该示例的面板1设有在相对边缘2－3上的机械联接装置或联接部16。图2示出至少一对长边缘2－3上的机械联接装置16允许两块这种地板面板1联接至彼此，使得在与所联接的面板1的平面垂直的竖向方向V1上以及在与所联接的边缘2－3垂直的水平方向H1上和在面板1的平面中产生锁定。所示联接装置16的特征在于其基本实现为由上唇19和下唇20界定的槽18和舌部17，其中所述舌部17和槽18基本用于沿所述竖向方向V1进行锁定，并且其中所述舌部17和槽18设有额外的锁定部21－22，基本用于沿所述水平方向H1进行锁定。在这种情况下，锁定部包括在舌部17下侧上的凸起21和在下唇20中的与其配合的凹槽22。
在此示出的联接装置16允许至少通过沿相应边缘2－3的转动W而进行联接。
机械联接装置16基本在层9中实现，其根据本发明包括独立纤维。在该示例中，它们通过铣削处理提供，例如通过旋转刀具提供。
图3示出用于制造图1和2的面板的方法的一些步骤。更具体地，所述步骤示出为用热塑性材料形成所述层9，其根据本发明包括独立纤维。
在图3的示例中，相应层9基于相应的热塑性材料的颗粒物23形成。在此，这涉及具有所述第三方面的特征的颗粒物23，其中所述颗粒物也包括玻璃纤维。
图3示出颗粒物23开始在输送装置25上分别借助散布装置24沉积，然后在连续挤压装置17的带26之间被合并。在此，颗粒物23沿着一个或多个加热装置28被传送并且其可以在积压处理之后或在积压处理结束时再次被冷却。通过冷却，获得了挤压的板材、片材或层可以较快用于进一步处理。
图3还示出可以与挤压同时地通过在挤压处理中在颗粒物23上或颗粒物之间设置另一层而将其施加或插入，在这种情况下，所述另一层是玻璃纤维层12。这可以如上所述涉及例如玻璃纤维层12或背衬层8、装饰膜7或耐磨层6。其还可以涉及已经层压在一起的组合层，例如已经完全或部分地复合的顶层3，其例如包括至少装饰膜7和耐磨层6，或者至少背衬层8和装饰膜7；或者背衬层8、装饰膜7以及背衬层6。优选地在积压处理之后提供可能的表面漆层。这在此未示出。根据另一个未示出的可行方案，在颗粒物23已经至少部分地被挤压、优选地已经被至少积压成粘着整体之后，设置至少装饰膜7或耐磨层6或者可以是二者的组合。在后者情况下，基于颗粒物已经挤压的层优选地在其余层6－7设置在其上之前被研磨。为了提供装饰膜7和/或耐磨层6，优选地再次利用连续挤压装置。代替研磨处理，还可以例如借助塑溶胶进行调平。
本发明不限于在此所述的实施例；相反，这种面板、方法和颗粒物可以根据各种变型而实现，而不脱离本发明的范围。而且，所述面板代替作为地板面板也可以实现为墙壁面板或天花板面板或者甚至是家具面板。

Claims (15)

1.用于形成地板覆盖物的面板，其中该面板(1)至少包括热塑性材料的层(9)，其中该面板(1)在所述层(9)上至少还包括印刷装饰物和半透明或透明的耐磨层，其特征在于，所述层(9)至少还包括长度大于1毫米的独立玻璃纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其特征在于，所述独立玻璃纤维设有提高到所述热塑性材料的附着性的涂层或处理。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的面板，其特征在于，所述层(9)至少还包括玻璃纤维布或玻璃纤维网(12)。
4.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的面板，其特征在于，该面板包括基于热塑性材料的至少两个所述层(9)。
5.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的面板，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料涉及具有重量百分比为百分之12或更多的塑化剂的软聚氯乙稀。
6.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的面板，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料还包括填料。
7.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的面板，其特征在于，所述独立玻璃纤维的平均直径在5与25微米之间。
8.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的面板，其特征在于，所述独立玻璃纤维的平均长度大于3mm。
9.用于制造面板的方法，其中所述方法至少包括形成热塑性材料的层(9)的步骤，其特征在于，所述层(9)基于所述热塑性材料的散布颗粒物(23)而形成，并且所形成的层(9)包括长度大于1毫米的独立纤维。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述散布层在连续挤压装置(27)的带(26)之间合并。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述颗粒物(23)包括所述独立玻璃纤维的至少一部分。
12.根据权利要求9至11中的任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料涉及软PVC，并且所述独立纤维设有提高到所述热塑性材料的附着性的涂层或处理。
13.用于制造面板的方法，其中该方法至少包括形成热塑性材料的层(9)的步骤，其特征在于，所述层(9)基于所述热塑性材料的散布颗粒物(23)而形成，并且所述颗粒物(23)的平均颗粒物尺寸小于1mm。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，对于所述颗粒物(23)，其从平均颗粒物尺寸为350微米或更小的颗粒物开始。
15.用于形成热塑性材料的颗粒物，其中所述颗粒物(23)除了相应的热塑性材料之外还包括长度大于1mm的玻璃纤维。
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