CN104335603A - 电声换能器用的不对称多层隔膜 - Google Patents

电声换能器用的不对称多层隔膜 Download PDF

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CN104335603A
CN104335603A CN201380026694.XA CN201380026694A CN104335603A CN 104335603 A CN104335603 A CN 104335603A CN 201380026694 A CN201380026694 A CN 201380026694A CN 104335603 A CN104335603 A CN 104335603A
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multilayer laminates
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B.米西格
Y.特佩
M.埃格
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Tesa SE
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B32B2307/10Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2333/00Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04R2307/00Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的多层层合物,其包括第一层(3),第二层(1),和排列在第一(3)和第二(1)层之间的粘合剂层(2),第一层(3)包括在动态差示量热测量法的第一次加热曲线中确定的结晶热为至少15J/g的聚醚醚酮薄膜,第二层(1)包括在动态差示量热测量法的第一次加热曲线中确定的结晶热为不大于5J/g的热塑性塑料薄膜。或者,该第一(3)和第二(1)层由它们在200℃15分钟后的收缩性质限定:第一层(3)在至少一个方向上的收缩为大于10%,和第二层(1)在纵向和横向上的收缩小于10%。以此方式构建的层合物的特征在于当所述层合物使用多槽热成型加工时会形成较低的折叠。

Description

电声换能器用的不对称多层隔膜
本发明涉及一种不对称多层层合物,其用作电声换能器用隔膜,并且还涉及生产所述多层层合物的方法。
考虑到在消费电子领域中总的趋势是更小和更加紧凑的设备,另一重要的要求是恒定减少手机,智能电话,头戴式受话器,个人数字助手(PDAs),笔记本,等中存在的扬声器的尺寸。这些是日益增加的紧迫需要,涉及所述微扬声器的隔膜的声学性质和寿命,其尺寸通常为20mm2至900mm2
概括地来说,扬声器隔膜的材料应该同时具有最大的刚性,最小的重量,和良好的阻尼性质。这些要求源于的事实是:隔膜次振荡(sub-oscillations)开始的和发生增加的回声和畸变现象的频率与(E/ρ)0.5成正比,其中E是弹性模量,ρ是隔膜的密度。因此可通过增加因子(E/ρ)0.5来提高扬声器的频率范围的上限。具有低重量并且同时是刚性的隔膜的其它优点是在脉冲传送期间隔膜的快速加速,和因此可获得的较高的声压。另一方面,该隔膜应该同时具有高的内部阻尼(internal damping)tanδ,以便在频率响应中降低共振频率f0和抑制共振峰。但是由于刚性,较低重量,和良好的阻尼的标准代表了相互矛盾的设计需要,扬声器隔膜总是需要接受一定程度的与隔膜材料相关的折衷,或者选择刚性和阻尼层的组合。
最通常使用的隔膜材料是纸,金属,和塑料,也常常对这些隔膜材料进行涂覆和改性从而最大可能地与所提及的要求相顺应。纸具有低的密度和良好的阻尼性质,而刚性的缺乏能够例如通过使用玻璃纤维或者Kevlar纤维增强来减轻。金属具有高的刚性,但是通常与之相结合的是差的阻尼性质,因此常常给出细声细气的,刺耳的,和金属感的声音。金属箔片(铝,钛,铍)的阻尼性质能够通过例如使用软聚合物或者具有阻尼性质的泡沫体制备的中间层生产复合材料而改善。塑料隔膜的优点是它们包括非常宽的范围,从具有良好的阻尼性质的软聚合物至提供很小阻尼的刚性材料,并且它们能够合适地选择用于各种特定的应用。这些塑料隔膜或者基于浸渍的织物(impregnated textiles)或基于箔片,这些塑料隔膜的刚性或阻尼性质常常通过组合刚性和分别的阻尼层被优化。
EP 2 172 059 A描述了5-层扬声器隔膜,其中在具有阻尼性质的碳纤维非织造织物的每侧上存在通过热塑性粘合剂层粘性粘结的刚性聚醚醚酮箔片。US 2011-0272208 A描述5-层层合物,其中存在施加于粘合剂涂覆的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯背衬的两侧上的刚性外部层。US 7,644,801 A提及了3层层合物,其由2个多芳基化合物箔片和在其之间的丙烯酸酯粘合剂制成;当将所述层合物与简单的多芳基化合物箔片比较时,它显示出较少的翘曲和褶皱(buckling and crinkling)。
这些实施例显示出多层层合物原则上很适合作为扬声器隔膜,但是尽管存在大量的不同变化,仍然没有发现理想的解决方案。
因为微扬声器的隔膜在操作过程中经受高度的加热,所以他们常常使用耐高温的塑料制备的刚性箔片,所述耐高温的塑料例如聚醚醚酮(PEEK),聚醚酮(PEK),聚醚酮酮(PEKK),多芳基化合物(PAR),聚醚酰亚胺(PEI),聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),或芳族聚酰胺(aramids)。该微扬声器隔膜或者由这种类型的箔片直接形成,或者由所述箔片与另外的阻尼层的多层层合物形成。在本文中术语隔膜是指在成品扬声器中所使用的、从箔片或箔片复合材料形成的模塑的隔膜。本文中的表述多层层合物是指一种由至少两个箔片和位于所述箔片之间的另外的层制成的复合材料,其中从该复合材料形成实际的扬声器隔膜。
由聚醚醚酮(下文中称为PEEK)制备的隔膜具有优异的对温度变化的耐性,并且在扬声器制造商使用的越来越重要的高性能寿命试验中提供最好的性能,因此,尤其是对于微扬声器存在明显观察到的使用PEEK的趋势。因为上述原因,由PEEK和另外的阻尼层的多层层合物制备的隔膜受到极大关注,因为PEEK具有高的刚性。
用于生产该多层层合物的PEEK箔片可以以无定形和半结晶形式商购获得。无定形或者基本上无定形的PEEK箔片在它们的生产过程中足够快速地冷却至低于玻璃化转变温度Tg的温度,以防止在材料中形成任何显著的结晶区域。这些基本上无定形的PEEK箔片仅当在通过热成型和压花对该隔膜成型的过程中被加热至高于玻璃化转变温度时才结晶。相反,半结晶的PEEK箔片在它们被生产之后立即具有结晶部分。基本上无定形的PEEK箔片能够通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)与半结晶的PEEK箔片区分。
来自Netzsch的DSC 204 F1仪器用于对无定形和半结晶PEEK箔片进行DSC。对此,将约5mg的箔片称重到25μl具有穿孔的覆盖物的铝坩埚中,并以10K/min的加热速率从20℃加热至410℃。在此过程中分别记录吸收的热和耗散的热,得到的曲线称为第一次加热曲线。然后继而将样品以10K/min的冷却速率冷却至20℃,并且在此过程中记录冷却曲线。最终,通过再次将样品以10K/min的加热速率从20℃加热至410℃而记录第二次加热曲线。
两种类型的箔片的不同在于当无定形PEEK箔片在所述条件下测量时它们在第一次加热曲线中显示出显著的放热结晶峰;所述峰在半结晶PEEK箔片的情况下是没有的。对于本发明的目的而言,基本上无定形的PEEK箔片的特征在于在上述的DSC条件下它在第一次加热曲线中显示出结晶热为至少15J/g(即15J/g或更高)。对于本发明的目的而言,半结晶的PEEK箔片的特征在于在上述的DSC条件下它在第一次加热曲线中显示出结晶热为至多5J/g(即5J/g或更低)。该上限基于在测量过程中可能的基线变化;半结晶PEEK箔片通常在第一次加热曲线中不显示出结晶峰。
为了在成形方法过程中具有更好的加工性,扬声器隔膜主要使用用无定形PEEK箔片制备的多层层合物。在高于143℃的玻璃化转变温度的温度的热成型过程中发生这些多层层合物的结晶。因此在成品隔膜中的PEEK箔片是半结晶状态,并且他们因此提供了较高的刚性和随之而来的隔膜强度。
热成型的隔膜的厚度能够非常成功地通过在热成型方法的过程中经该方法的条件而调节;具有给定的总厚度的多层PEEK层合物因此能够用于生产适合于各种扬声器设计需要的不同的隔膜厚度。这种方法的缺点是高废料率,这是因为该成品隔膜仅包含非常小的部分的所用的多层层合物,取决于热成型的程度。具体地,因此对于非常昂贵的PEEK箔片而言,该热成型方法不是成本有效的。
在多槽热成型方法的情况下,该隔膜包括远远更大比例的多层层合物,但是隔膜的厚度变化范围很小。由于隔膜的共振频率与它的总厚度成正比,因此获得低的共振频率需要使用薄的多层层合物,并且因此也需要薄的PEEK箔片,作为前述方法的初始材料。目前可商业获得的最薄的无定形PEEK箔片的厚度是6μm。尽管对由这些箔片制备的多层层合物具有高度的兴趣,但是所述箔片到目前为止还不能使用,因为在多槽热成型方法的过程中在热成型模具中在向上且面向大气的一侧上发生严重的褶皱(creasing)。
出乎意料的是,已经发现该褶皱问题能够通过使用半结晶PEEK箔片代替在热成型模具中向上的无定形PEEK箔片而消除。因此,使用这种类型的由基本上无定形的PEEK箔片,粘合剂层,和半结晶PEEK层制成的不对称多层层合物容许产生薄的隔膜,其由多层PEEK层合物通过多槽热成型方法制成。
实际上,已经发现其它材料(其或者不能结晶,或者已经完全结晶)能够代替所述两种无定形的PEEK箔片之一。
因此,本发明提供一种用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的多层层合物,其包括
a)第一层(对于本文的目的而言称为"第一外层"),其由在差示扫描量热法的第一次加热曲线中确定的结晶热为至少15J/g(即15J/g或更高;结晶热Qcr≥15J/g)的聚醚醚酮箔片(PEEK箔片)制成,–即由基本上无定形的PEEK箔片制成,b)第二层(对于本文的目的而言称为"第二外层"),其由在差示扫描量热法的第一次加热曲线中确定的结晶热为至多5J/g(即5J/g或更低;结晶热Qcr≤5J/g)的热塑性箔片制成–即由基本上不能结晶或者不能进一步结晶的这种类型的箔片制成,和
c)排列在第一和第二外层之间的粘合剂层。
该多层层合物能够限制到提及的所述三层,但是也能够在所述层合物结构中具有另外的层。
由半结晶PEEK箔片(1),粘合剂(2),和无定形的PEEK箔片(3)制成的3层层合物示例于图1中。
已经发现在本发明中特别适合于第二外层的目的的材料是半结晶PEEK箔片,即其结晶热为至多5J/g的PEEK箔片,在差示扫描量热法中的第一次加热曲线中确定。
对于本发明的目的来说适合用作第二外层的其它箔片–即作为常规结构的两个无定形的PEEK箔片之一的替代–例如是由以下物质制备的箔片:聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),多芳基化合物(PAR),聚酰亚胺(PI),聚醚酰亚胺(PEI),聚苯砜(PPSU),聚醚砜(PES),或聚砜(PSU)。
用作第二外层的箔片优选的厚度为1μm至50μm,优选2μm至40μm,尤其优选5μm至15μm。
在不对称多层层合物中用于第一外层的无定形的PEEK箔片同样地–与用于第二外层的箔片的厚度无关–厚度为1μm至50μm,优选2μm至40μm,尤其优选5μm至15μm。
此处可以对无定形的第一外层和作为不能结晶的层的第二外层选择相同的厚度。
当将能够用作第二外层的上述箔片的性质与可商业获得的无定形的PEEK箔片的性质进行对比时,发现不能结晶的箔片(尤其是由前述的结晶热为至多5J/g的材料制备的箔片)的收缩显著小于无定形的PEEK箔片的收缩。对比例的值示例于表1中。
表1.各种箔片在200℃历经15min.的收缩
因此本发明还提供一种用于生产电声换能器用的隔膜的多层层合物,其包括第一层,第二外层和排列在该第一和第二外层之间的粘合剂层,该第一外层在200℃在15分钟后的在至少一个方向上的收缩大于10%,和该第二外层在200℃在15分钟后的在纵向和横向的收缩分别为小于10%,优选小于5%。优选使用下文所述类型的箔片作为用于第一和第二外层的箔片;与所述箔片相关的所做的声明相应地适用于所述多层层合物。
箔片的收缩通过如下确定:使用箔片标记物在室温制成在箔片上相隔10cm的两个标记,并且将该箔片在常规炉中在200℃自由悬挂15分钟。在冷却之后,再次测量两个标记之间的距离,测定该距离的变化百分比。该测量在箔片的纵向(也称为机器方向或者MD)和箔片的横向(也称为横跨方向或者TD)上进行,以便根据取向记录不同的收缩。
在本发明的多层层合物中,存在使用粘合剂制成的中间层,其排列于无定形的PEEK箔片和半结晶PEEK箔片之间。该层的功能是稳定地粘结位于上面和下面的箔片,并且减弱刚性外部箔片的振荡。
合适的粘合剂是溶解于溶剂中的聚丙烯酸酯,或者为水性聚丙烯酸酯分散体,或者为松香改性的天然和合成橡胶。本申请中溶液形式的聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂是特别合适的。
优选通过从溶剂或者从水在喷嘴或者刮刀的帮助下涂覆而将所述粘合剂层施用到第一外层上(尤其是厚度为6μm至12μm的无定形的PEEK箔片上),并且然后将该材料在100至170℃干燥5至30分钟。然后将该第二外层(尤其是厚度为6μm至12μm,优选8μm的半结晶PEEK箔片)层合到该干燥的粘合剂上。
干燥之后的粘合剂的厚度为2μm至100μm,优选5μm至50μm,尤其优选10μm至30μm。
能够在生产电声换能器用隔膜的方法中使用本发明的多层层合物并且获得优异的结果,在该方法中它们经受多槽热成型过程。在该方法中,将该多层层合物置于可加热的热成型模具上,所述模具包括多个凹陷,该凹陷以反面的形式复制要形成的隔膜。然后该多层层合物通过例如IR辐射加热,并由此软化,然后通过压缩空气迫使其从上方进入该多个凹陷。
或者,也可使用由有机硅或者发泡的有机硅制成的撞锤来迫使该软化的多层层合物进入到该模具中。与使用两个厚度为6至9μm的无定形的PEEK箔片和位于其间的粘合剂层制成的隔膜相比,通过本方法生产的本发明的隔膜显示出显著较少的褶皱。
图2显示出本发明的层合物在热成型模具中的有利的排列。本申请的参考标记1至3描述图1所述的多层层合物。该多层层合物置于优先加热的热成型模具4上,并且在通过压缩空气(5)加热之后,迫使该多层层合物进入该热成型模具的凹陷中。
最后,出于本文的目的,本发明也提供所述的多层层合物用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的用途。
以下实施例意图说明本发明,但不意图限制它。
实施例1
将来自Victrex厚度为6μm的Aptiv 2000-006GS无定形PEEK箔片用厚度为20μm的丙烯酸酯粘合剂涂覆,然后在120℃干燥5分钟。然后将Aptiv 1000-008GS半结晶PEEK箔片(厚度8μm)施用于粘合剂层上,并通过用辊以排除气泡的方式施加压力而使其层合于粘合剂层。从该多层层合物切出约10cm×10cm的面积,并将其置于该热成型的模具上,使得该无定形的PEEK箔片与加热的压花模具接触,并且该半结晶箔片面朝上。然后将层合物在热成型的模具中加热并迫使其经施加压力而成为成品隔膜的形式。与使用两个厚度为6至9μm的无定形的PEEK箔片和位于其间的粘合剂层制成的多层层合物相反,面朝上并且朝向压缩空气的本申请的PEEK箔片没有受到褶皱问题的影响。

Claims (8)

1.用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的多层层合物,其包括:
-第一层("第一外层"),其使用在差示扫描量热法的第一次加热曲线中确定的结晶热为至少15J/g的聚醚醚酮箔片("PEEK箔片")制得,
-第二层("第二外层"),其使用在差示扫描量热法的第一次加热曲线中确定的结晶热为至多5J/g的热塑性箔片制得,和
-排列在所述第一和第二外层之间的粘合剂层。
2.用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的多层层合物,其包括:
-第一层("第一外层"),其在200℃15分钟后的在至少一个方向上的收缩为大于10%,
-第二层("第二外层"),其在200℃15分钟后的在纵向和横向上的收缩分别为小于10%,优选小于5%,和
-排列在所述第一和第二外层之间的粘合剂层。
3.前述权利要求中任一项的多层层合物,其特征在于
所述第二外层由至少半结晶的PEEK箔片制得。
4.权利要求1或2的多层层合物,其特征在于第二外层由塑料制成,所述塑料的主要组成选自下组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚醚酰亚胺,聚酰亚胺,多芳基化合物,聚苯硫醚,聚苯砜,聚砜,聚醚砜。
5.前述权利要求中任一项的多层层合物,其特征在于
所述两个外层的厚度分别为1μm至50μm,优选2μm至40μm,尤其优选5μm至15μm。
6.前述权利要求中任一项的多层层合物,其特征在于
所述粘合剂层的厚度为2μm至100μm,优选5μm至50μm,尤其优选10μm至30μm。
7.用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的方法,所述隔膜使用权利要求1至6中任一项的多层层合物通过多槽热成型制得。
8.权利要求1至6中任一项的多层层合物用于生产电声换能器用隔膜的用途。
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CN104335603B (zh) 2018-03-09
JP6148726B2 (ja) 2017-06-14
KR101933983B1 (ko) 2018-12-31
US20150125692A1 (en) 2015-05-07
EP2853100B1 (de) 2019-11-27
EP2853100A1 (de) 2015-04-01
MX2014013722A (es) 2015-02-10
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IN2014DN10265A (zh) 2015-08-07
TW201412530A (zh) 2014-04-01
WO2013174609A1 (de) 2013-11-28

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