CN104327717A - 碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法 - Google Patents

碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104327717A
CN104327717A CN201410673168.9A CN201410673168A CN104327717A CN 104327717 A CN104327717 A CN 104327717A CN 201410673168 A CN201410673168 A CN 201410673168A CN 104327717 A CN104327717 A CN 104327717A
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王延青
段宝荣
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Ye Xiangrong
Jinhua Polytechnic
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Abstract

本发明涉及碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,具体步骤为:首先对碳纳米管进行酸化处理,在其表面上修饰一定比例的羧基基团,然后通过与丙烯酰胺缩合反应,制备酰胺化碳纳米管中间体,最后利用原位聚合法将酰胺化的碳纳米管与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯聚合,提高碳纳米管在水性聚氨酯乳液中的分散性和增强与聚氨酯分子间的物理化学作用,最终制备出一种新型碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂乳液,广泛应用于墙体、家具、金属器具涂料,作为塑料、玻璃、橡胶、造纸、皮革和纺织的胶黏剂。

Description

碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,具体涉及碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法。
背景技术
碳纳米管是由Iijima在1991年发现的,主要是由碳六边形(弯曲处为碳五边形和碳七边形)组成的单层或多层管状纳米材料。碳纳米管具有极优的力学性能,其模量和强度可达200GPa~1000GPa和200MPa~900MPa之间。与一般的无机填料相比,碳纳米管的长径比高达100~1000,具有极好的柔韧性,且与聚合物具有相容性良好。此外,碳纳米管还具有优异的电导率,优良的电性能、磁性能和光性能,用碳纳米管复合的材料可以大幅度提高导电、导热性能、电磁屏蔽性能和光电子发射性能和耐热性能。同时,加入到聚合物中的碳纳米管在聚合物燃烧过程中形成网络结构的积炭隔热保护层,致密且无裂纹,阻碍了热量传递,从而增强了聚合物的阻燃性(参考:碳纳米管/聚合物复合体系阻燃性能的研究进展[J].纺织学报2009,3(30):136-142)。
水性聚氨酯作为一种常见的高分子材料,具有高弹性、良好的挠曲性、较高的弹性模量以及优良的耐磨性能,并具有良好的耐候、耐油、耐脂和耐许多种溶剂等优良的性能,此外水性聚氨酯产品形态多样、成型工艺简便,因而被广泛应用于诸多工业领域。但水性聚氨酯涂料产品强度不高,耐热、耐水、抗静电、阻燃等性能差,限制了其进一步的应用。碳纳米管与水性聚氨酯涂料的复合则将两者的优点集于一体,成为具有新型功能的材料。碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料主要是利用碳纳米管优良的力学、热学性能来大幅度提高材料的强度、韧性和阻燃性,以及利用其良好的电子传输性能能来提高涂料的导电性和电磁屏蔽性等。
碳纳米管改性水性聚氨酯的方法主要两种:一是物理共混,是指碳纳米管与聚氨酯通过机械法或溶液形式、乳液形式、熔融形式等直接混合;二是原位聚合法,是指将表面改性过的碳纳米管作为单体加入到聚氨酯聚合过程中,混合均匀后,引发单体聚合形成复合材料。经表面处理的碳纳米管表面含有-OH、-COOH、-NH2等活性基团时,这些基团能够与聚氨酯的异氰酸酯单体中的-NCO基反应,使得碳纳米管和聚氨酯主链间通过化学键结合,形成性能优良的复合材料。原位聚合法是在聚氨酯单体聚合反应过程中加入碳纳米管,更容易均匀分散,且与聚氨酯的结合以化学键相结合,碳纳米管在基体中的能更稳定分散,所以这种方法逐渐得到人们的重视。水性聚氨酯普遍存在耐热性能和机械性能不佳的情况,用碳纳米管掺杂化学改性聚氨酯,既保留了聚氨酯的基本的性能,又能使复合材料的强度、热稳定性、导电性能和耐磨性等得到显著提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种高分散性碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法,提高碳纳米管在聚氨酯乳液中的分散性和增强与聚氨酯基体的界面结合力,得到高分散性的碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯复合材料,以改善水性聚氨酯涂料的导电性和阻燃性等性能,提高其应用附加值。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其典型特征在于制备步骤如下:
(1)制备羧基化碳纳米管
将一定比例的碳纳米管加入到质子酸中混合,反应温度为50~70℃,在超声功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流1~5h,超声后用250~350g去离子水稀释,然后用直径为0.2μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,用去离子水反复洗涤直至中性,最后在105℃下烘12h,研磨至微细粉末状,即得羧基化碳纳米管;
其中,每100mL质子酸加入的碳纳米管量为0.1g~0.5g;
(2)制备酰胺化碳纳米管
将步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管加入到50~150g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入丙烯酰胺和分散剂、稳定剂,在功率为200W、频率为40KHz条件下超声分散10~60 min,然后置于60~80℃恒温水浴中反应48~72h,分别用25~50g二甲基甲酰胺、25~50g去离子水洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
其中所述的羧基化碳纳米管、丙烯酰胺、分散剂和稳定剂的用量比例以重量份:羧基化碳纳米管4~30份,丙烯酰胺30~250份,分散剂15~30份,稳定剂10~30份;
(3)制备导电阻燃型碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂乳液
将步骤(2)制得的酰胺化碳纳米管加入到20g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,在功率为200W、频率为40KHz条件下超声分散10min;在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的反应容器中加入聚碳酸酯二元醇,并加入超声分散后的酰胺化碳纳米管,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至65~85℃,加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和三碘代甲状腺素钠盐,当NCO基团含量达到6.4%时,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸,继续反应1h,然后降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷,反应1h,加入三乙胺中和成盐,并加去离子水调节pH至7,降温后出料;
其中,所用组分的用量比例为以下重量份:聚碳酸酯二醇30~50份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯13~23份,二羟甲基丁酸3~5份,三羟甲基丙烷1~3份,三乙胺2~4份,三碘代甲状腺素钠盐催化剂0.02~0.08份,酰胺化碳纳米管中间体0.01~0.5份;
所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的单壁、双壁、多壁碳纳米管或者三者当中的混合物,直径1~100nm,管长5~100μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积100~800m2/g;所述质子酸为浓硝酸、浓硫酸和浓盐酸中的一种,或浓硫酸与浓硝酸按体积比3:1的混合酸,或浓硫酸与浓盐酸按体积比3:1的混合酸;所述分散剂为聚乙二醇-2000、聚乙二醇-4000、聚乙二醇-6000和聚乙二醇-8000中的一种或几种混合物;所述稳定剂为壳聚糖,海藻酸钠,甲壳素,丝素蛋白中的一种或几种混合物;所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为1500~3000,脱乙酰度为9~95%;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇来由碳原子数4~12的具有直链或侧链的烷二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为200g/mol~3000g/mol。
本发明的积极效果在于:
(1) 本发明使用三碘代甲状腺素钠盐催化剂代替传统的锡类催化剂,降低所合成涂料和胶黏剂的毒性,同时提高其热稳定性能;
(2) 氯苯氧乙酸二甲胺基乙酯、薛佛氏钠盐、福美钠、氢化可的松琥珀酸钠和阿米妥钠对三碘代甲状腺素钠盐进行催化协效,提高催化效率;
(3)本发明采用酰胺化碳纳米管与异氰酸根原位聚合,提高碳纳米管在聚氨酯乳液中的分散性和增强与聚氨酯基体的界面结合力,得到具有阻燃和导电性能的高分散性的碳纳米管水性聚氨酯涂料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方法,进一步说明本发明。
实施例 1
(1)羧基化碳纳米管的制备
取0.1 g碳纳米管和100 mL浓硝酸加入到250 mL烧瓶中,反应温度为50℃,在超声功率为200W,超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流1h;然后转移到烧杯中用250g去离子水稀释,用直径为0.2 μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,去离子水反复洗涤直至中性;最后将抽滤后的碳纳米管在105℃下烘12h,研磨至粉末状备用,得羧基化碳纳米管;
所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的单壁碳纳米管,直径1nm,管长100μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积800m2/g;
(2)酰胺化碳纳米管的制备
取步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管0.040g加入到50g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入0.331g丙烯酰胺、0.20g壳聚糖和0.150g聚乙二醇-2000,功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的条件下超声分散10min,然后置于60℃恒温水浴中反应48h。用25g 二甲基甲酰胺溶剂、25g去离子水洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为1500 g/mol,脱乙酰度为90%;
第三步:碳纳米管水性聚氨酯复合材料的制备
将称取好的0.01g酰胺化碳纳米管加入在20g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,并在功率为200W,频率为40KHz的超声波中分散10min,得酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.01g;
在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的三口瓶中加入30.000g聚碳酸酯二元醇和上述酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.01g,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至65℃,加入13.500g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三碘代甲状腺素钠盐0.02g和对氯苯氧乙酸二甲胺基乙酯0.12g,65℃保温反应1h,当NCO基团含量达到6.4%时,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸2.975g,反应约60min,降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷1.057g,继续反应1h,最后加入2.030g三乙胺中和成盐,并加55g去离子水调节pH至7,降温后出料,即得碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂乳液;
所述的聚碳酸酯二醇由丁二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为200g/mol。
实施例 2
(1)羧基化碳纳米管的制备
取1g碳纳米管和200mL混酸(浓硫酸和浓硝酸的体积比为3:1)加入到500 mL烧瓶中,反应温度为70℃,在超声功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流5h;然后转移到烧杯中用350g去离子水稀释,用直径为0.2 μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,去离子水反复洗涤直至中性;最后将抽滤后的碳纳米管在105℃下烘12h,研磨至粉末状备用;
所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的多壁碳纳米管,直径100nm,管长5μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积100m2/g;
(2)酰胺化碳纳米管的制备
取步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管0.200g加入到100g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入1.653g丙烯酰胺、0.40g丝素蛋白和0.300g聚乙二醇-8000,在功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的条件下超声分散60min,然后置于80℃恒温水浴中反应72h,用50g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂、50g去离子水依次洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
(3)碳纳米管聚氨酯复合材料的制备
将称取好的0.05g酰胺化碳纳米管加入在20g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,并在功率为200W,频率为40KHz的超声波中分散10min,得酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.05g;
在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的三口瓶中加入40.000g聚碳酸酯二元醇和上述酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.05g,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至85℃,加入18.000g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三碘代甲状腺素钠盐0.05g和薛佛氏钠盐0.13g,85℃保温反应50min,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸3.967g,反应约60min,降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷1.409g,继续反应1h,最后加入2.70g三乙胺中和成盐,并加去离子水82g调节pH至7,降温后出料,即得碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂乳液;
所述的聚碳酸酯二醇来由1,12-十二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为3000g/mol。
实施例 3
(1)羧基化碳纳米管的制备
取0.5 g碳纳米管和250 mL浓硫酸加入到500 mL烧瓶中,反应温度为60℃,在超声功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流3h;然后转移到烧杯中用300g去离子水稀释,用直径为0.2 μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,用去离子水反复洗涤直至中性;最后将抽滤后的碳纳米管在105℃下烘干,研磨至粉末状备用,即得羧基化碳纳米管;
所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的双壁碳纳米管,直径3nm,管长50μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积400m2/g;
(2)酰胺化碳纳米管的制备
取步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管0.250g加入到150g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入2.000g丙烯酰胺、0.60g甲壳素稳定剂和0.200g聚乙二醇-6000分散剂,在功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的条件下超声分散30min,然后置于70℃恒温水浴中反应54h,用35g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂、35g去离子水依次洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
(3)碳纳米管聚氨酯复合材料的制备
将称取好的0.1g酰胺化碳纳米管加入在20g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,并在功率为200W,频率为40KHz的超声波中分散10min,得酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.1g;
在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的三口瓶中加入45.000g聚碳酸酯二元醇和上述酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.1g,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至75℃,加入20.000g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,三碘代甲状腺素钠盐0.08g和福美钠0.17g,保温反应1h,当NCO基团含量达到理论值6.4%以下时,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸4.500g,反应约60min,降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷2.510g,继续反应1h,最后加入3.100g三乙胺中和成盐,并加去离子水50g调节pH至7,降温后出料,即得碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂乳液;
所述的聚碳酸酯二醇来由1,2-己二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为1000g/mol。
实施例 4
(1)羧基化碳纳米管的制备
取1.2g碳纳米管和300 mL混酸(浓硫酸和浓硝酸的体积比为3:1)加入到500 mL烧瓶中,反应温度为65℃,在超声功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流4 h;然后转移到烧杯中用250g去离子水稀释,用直径为0.2 μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,去离子水反复洗涤直至中性;最后将抽滤后的碳纳米管在105℃下烘干,研磨至粉末状备用,即得羧基化碳纳米管;
所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的单壁碳纳米管,直径2nm,管长100μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积700m2/g;
(2)酰胺化碳纳米管的制备
取步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管0.300g 加入到150g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入2.480g丙烯酰胺、0.25g海藻酸钠稳定剂、0.225g聚乙二醇-4000和0.12g吐温40,在功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的条件下超声分散20min,然后置于65℃恒温水浴中反应60h,用40g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂、40g去离子水依次洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
(3)碳纳米管聚氨酯复合材料的制备
将称取好的0.2g酰胺化碳纳米管加入在20g二甲基甲酰胺中,并在功率为200W,频率为40KHz的超声波中分散10min,得酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.2g;
在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的三口瓶中加入50.000g聚碳酸酯二元醇和上述酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.2g,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至70℃,加入22.500g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三碘代甲状腺素钠盐0.08g和氢化可的松琥珀酸钠0.2g,70℃保温反应1.5h,当NCO基团含量达到理论值6.4%以下时,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸4.958g,反应约60min,降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷 2.762g,继续反应1h,最后加入3.380g三乙胺中和成盐,并加去离子水调节pH至7,降温后出料,即得碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂乳液;
所述的聚碳酸酯二醇来由1,10-癸二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为2000g/mol。
实施例 5
(1)羧基化碳纳米管的制备
取1.0g碳纳米管和250 mL浓硫酸加入到500 mL烧瓶中,反应温度为55℃,在超声功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流2 h;然后转移到烧杯中用275g去离子水稀释,用直径为0.2 μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,去离子水反复洗涤直至中性;最后将抽滤后的碳纳米管在105℃下烘干,研磨至粉末状备用,即得羧基化碳纳米管;
所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的多壁碳纳米管,直径20nm,管长100μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积550m2/g;
(2)酰胺化碳纳米管的制备
取步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管0.250g加入到150g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入2.000g丙烯酰胺、0.25g壳聚糖稳定剂和0.36g聚乙二醇-6000分散剂,在功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的条件下超声分散50min,然后置于80℃恒温水浴中反应68h,用30g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂溶剂、30g去离子水依次洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为3000 g/mol,脱乙酰度为95%;
(3)碳纳米管聚氨酯复合材料的制备
将称取好的0.5g酰胺化碳纳米管加入在20mL二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,并在功率为200W,频率为40KHz的超声波中分散10min,得酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.5g;
在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的三口瓶中加入45.000g聚碳酸酯二元醇和上述经过酰胺化碳纳米管分散液20.5g,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至85℃,加入20.000g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三碘代甲状腺素钠盐0.08g和阿米妥钠0.01g,85℃保温反应1.5h,当NCO基团含量达到理论值6.4%以下时,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸4.500g,反应约60min,降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷 2.510g,继续反应1h,最后加入3.100g三乙胺中和成盐,并加去离子水68g调节pH至7,降温后出料,即得碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂乳液;
所述的聚碳酸酯二醇来由1,11-十一烷二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到;所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为2500g/mol。
下面通过实验数据进一步说明本发明的有益效果:
阻燃性是通过烟密度法(最大烟密度、达到最大烟密度时间)、氧指数、垂直燃烧指标(有焰燃烧时间、无焰燃烧时间)来衡量,氧指数采用GB/T5454-1997《纺织品燃烧性能试验-氧指数法》测定;有焰燃烧时间和无焰燃烧时间是由GB/T 5455-1997《纺织品燃烧能试验-垂直法》来测定。
表一 碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂成膜的阻燃性
实例一 实例二 实例三 实例四 实例五 市场PU-1
最大烟密度 22 26 28 14 6 43
达到最大烟密度时间/s 161 165 186 210 221 121
氧指数/% 26.6 25.8 25.9 26.8 274 24
有焰燃烧时间/s 22.5 22.6 13.4 10.8 10.2 25
无焰燃烧时间/s 0 0 0 0 0 0
由表一可知,本发明碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂所得膜燃烧时,最大烟密度显著降低,达到最大烟密度时间显著延长,氧指数明显提高,燃烧时间明显缩短。
表二 碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料与胶黏剂成膜的体积电阻率
实例一 实例二 实例三 实例四 实例五 市场PU-1
体积电阻/Ω 7.75^109 4.62^108 3.50^108 1.70^107 2.80^106 8.00^109
电阻率/Ω·cm 7.75^109 1.04^1010 1.33^109 1.27^107 1.01^107 7.20^1010
从表二可以发现本聚氨酯体积电阻和电阻率均比市场的PU性能要好,显示较好的导电性。

Claims (8)

1. 碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于制备步骤如下:
(1)制备羧基化碳纳米管
将一定比例的碳纳米管加入到质子酸中混合,反应温度为50~70℃,在超声功率为200W、超声频率为40KHz的超声波清洗器中冷凝回流1~5h,超声后用250~350g去离子水稀释,然后用直径为0.2μm的微孔滤膜抽滤,用去离子水反复洗涤直至中性,最后在105℃下烘12h,研磨至微细粉末状,即得羧基化碳纳米管;其中,每100mL质子酸加入的碳纳米管量为0.1g~0.5g;
(2)制备酰胺化碳纳米管
将步骤(1)制得的羧基化碳纳米管加入到50~150g 二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,加入丙烯酰胺和分散剂、稳定剂,在功率为200W、频率为40KHz条件下超声分散10~60 min,然后置于60~80℃恒温水浴中反应48~72h,分别用25~50g二甲基甲酰胺、25~50g去离子水依次洗涤,过滤后在105℃下真空干燥12h,得到酰胺化碳纳米管;
其中所述的羧基化碳纳米管、丙烯酰胺、分散剂和稳定剂的用量比例以重量份:羧基化碳纳米管4~30份,丙烯酰胺30~250份,分散剂15~30份,稳定剂10~30份;
(3)制备导电阻燃型碳纳米管基水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂乳液
将步骤(2)制得的酰胺化碳纳米管加入到20g二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,在功率为200W、频率为40KHz条件下超声分散10min;在装有氮气管、冷凝管、搅拌装置的反应容器中加入聚碳酸酯二元醇,并加入超声分散后的酰胺化碳纳米管中间体,在温度50℃的条件下通氮气10min,升温至65~85℃,加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和三碘代甲状腺素钠盐,当NCO基团含量达到6.4%时,加入亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸,继续反应1h,然后降温至60℃,加入交联剂三羟甲基丙烷,反应1h,加入三乙胺中和成盐,并加去离子水分散调节pH至7,降温后出料;
其中,所用组分的用量比例为以下重量份:聚碳酸酯二醇30~50份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯13~23份,二羟甲基丁酸3~5份,三羟甲基丙烷1~3份,三乙胺2~4份,三碘代甲状腺素钠盐0.02~0.08份,酰胺化碳纳米管中间体0.01~0. 5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述的碳纳米管为化学气相沉积法生产的单壁、双壁、多壁碳纳米管或者三者当中的混合物,直径1~100nm,管长5~100μm,纯度99.5wt%,无定形碳杂<5%,灰份杂质<3wt%,比表面积100~800m2/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述质子酸为浓硝酸、浓硫酸和浓盐酸中的一种,或浓硫酸与浓硝酸按体积比3:1的混合酸,或浓硫酸与浓盐酸按体积比3:1的混合酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述分散剂为聚乙二醇-2000、聚乙二醇-4000、聚乙二醇-6000和聚乙二醇-8000中的一种或几种混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述稳定剂为壳聚糖,海藻酸钠,甲壳素和丝素蛋白中的一种或几种混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为1500~3000,脱乙酰度为90~95%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述的聚碳酸酯二醇来由碳原子数4~12的具有直链或侧链的烷二醇与碳酸甲酯共聚得到。
8.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基导电阻燃型水性聚氨酯涂料和胶黏剂制备方法,其特征在于:所述的聚碳酸酯二醇的平均分子量Mn为200g/mol~3000 g/mol。
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