CN104222997A - 一种菌类营养调味盐的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种菌类营养调味盐的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104222997A CN104222997A CN201410377642.3A CN201410377642A CN104222997A CN 104222997 A CN104222997 A CN 104222997A CN 201410377642 A CN201410377642 A CN 201410377642A CN 104222997 A CN104222997 A CN 104222997A
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Abstract
一种菌类营养调味盐的制备方法,其特征是:取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、灵芝等各种食用菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,将其打成细浆,用盐腌制,均质过滤,获菌盐液;取沙棘果腌制,打浆,均质过滤,获沙棘盐液;最后将菌盐液、沙棘盐液及食用菌类植物单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液,混合,用冷冻干燥喷雾法,制得菌类营养调味盐。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种菌类营养调味盐的制备方法。
背景技术
自古以来食用盐就是生活中必不可少的重要调味品,其甚至涉及到了生命和健康,没有盐,人们就可能失去生命力,有人把盐称之为“生命盐”,一点也不为过。但盐摄入量过多,也容易患病,如心脏病、高血压等,所以又有了“少盐多醋”的说法。实际生活中,因为各种方便食品食材都在制作时加入了盐,所以,人们在食用这些材料和重新制作食品时,就会造成重复添加,使吃进去的食品含盐量不知不觉中就超标了,有的甚至是严重超标。这样对人体健康就会产生危害,各种相关疾病,就会随之而来。为了避免食盐过量,一方面要有严格控量意识,另一方面要从科学角度研究食用盐的品种,使商品食用盐中的氯化钠含量处于平衡状态,增加有益保健成分。如加入茯苓可以促使排钠,不易造成体内过多钠的累积;如加入微量元素,可以使钠对人体的危害起到制衡作用;如加入菌类营养物质,可以提高免疫力,相应的避免相关疾病的产生,让人们既吃到了应该吃的盐,又处于安全保健状态。 经过研究发现,利用菌类营养,制造一种生命保健盐,将是一个不错的选择。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种菌类营养调味盐的制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:a、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等各种食用菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,采用不锈钢打浆机,稍低转速,保持低温,将其打成细浆,可加纯净水反复打浆,至细为止,获单味或两味或三味以上不等的食用菌类植物浆液,不用过滤,渣浆同混,取食用菌类植物浆液20-40%、食用精细盐60-80%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中存放腌制72h,然后用均质机,加蒸馏水反复均质三遍,过滤,获菌盐液备用;弃渣另用;b、取沙棘果20-40%,食用精细盐60-80%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中,存放腌制72h,然后起出采用低转速,低温研磨打浆,连续打浆三次,过滤,均质机均质后再次过滤,获沙棘盐液备用;弃渣另用;c、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,打粉后,超临界工艺萃取,获单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液备用。d、取a步骤过滤后弃渣60%,b步骤过滤弃渣40%混合后,用乙醇提取法,进行二次提取合并提取液,获含盐混合提取液备用;e、取a步骤获得的菌盐液60-78%,b步骤获得的沙棘盐液10-15%,c步骤获得的食用菌类植物单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液10-20%,d步骤获得的含盐混合提取液2-5%,进行混合搅拌均匀,用冷冻干燥喷雾法,制得菌类营养调味盐,杀菌,包装即得。
本发明的积极效果在于:食用菌类植物和沙棘,在用盐腌制过程中,会使盐和植物中的化合物发生一些质的变化,折中和演变一下盐的作用,使其咸味永在,而盐质已不是原来的纯氯化纳了,且另具有食用菌类植物和沙棘果的鲜香味,另外食用菌类植物提取,特别是其茯苓的添加,增加了盐在人体中排纳作用和电解质平衡,减少摄入过多的纳易造成心脏病、高血压的弊端。而将食用菌类植物和沙棘弃渣重新提取,是为了其渣中的有效成分和黄酮等化合物的充分利用,减少资源浪费。总之,本工艺制备的菌类营养盐,营养丰富,既可以调味,又利于保健。
香菇,包括花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇等,其营养价值和香菇基本相同,都属于香菇类;其均含有分子量为100万的抗肿瘤香菇多糖、维生素B1、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素B6,氨基酸类,色氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、苯丙氨酸,以及抗病毒成分干扰素的诱发剂双链核糖核酸,有免疫增强和保肝作用。其中花菇:是菌中之星,其营养、药用价值极高,含蛋白质和17种氨基酸,30多种酶,丰富的香菇多糖,麦角甾醇、菌甾醇,VD含量达到120个国际单位,并含有大量香菇嘌呤碱和香菇太生(lentysin),可降低和抑制胆固醇吸收,减少血管硬化,香菇中含不饱和脂肪酸甚高,对血管保健有好处,花菇是香菇中的上品。茶树菇:性平,甘温,无毒,有利尿渗湿,健脾,止泻,清热平肝之功效,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪,集营养、保健、理疗于一身的珍贵食用菌。对肾虚,尿频、水肿、气喘、小儿低热,尿床有独特疗效,还是美容、降压、健脾胃、防病抗病、提高免疫力等优点,被称为“中华神菇”,同样有降低胆固醇,抗肿瘤等作用;含有18种氨基酸,其中含量最高的是蛋氨酸占2.49%,总氨基酸含量为16.86%,特别是人体不能合成的8种氨基酸含量特别高,并有维生素B族和钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锌等矿物质。羊肚菌:是一种珍贵的食用菌和药用菌,1818年被发现,其结构与盘菌相似,羊肚菌的营养相当丰富,据测定,其含粗蛋白20%、粗脂肪20%、碳水化合物38.1%,还有多种氨基酸,特别谷氨酸含量高达1.76%,被誉为“十分好的蛋白质来源”,并有“素中之荤”的美称;人体中的蛋白质是由20种氨基酸搭配而组成的,而羊肚菌含有18种,其中8种是人体不能制造的,称“必需氨基酸”;据测定,其还含有8种维生素:B1、B2、B12、烟酸、泛酸、吡哕醇、生物素、叶酸等;羊肚菌的营养成分可与牛乳、肉和鱼粉相当,国际上称它为“健康食品之一”,羊肚菌含抑制肿瘤的多糖和抗菌、抗病毒的活性成分,具有增强机体免疫力,抗疲劳,抗病毒,抑制肿瘤的作用。日本科学家发现羊肚菌提取液中含有酪氨酸酶抑制剂,可有效抑制脂褐质的形成;羊肚菌含有丰富的硒,硒是人体红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化酶的组成成分,可运输大量氧分子来抑制恶性肿瘤,使癌细胞失活,还能加强VE的抗氧化作用;羊肚菌性平、味甘、具有益肠胃,消化助食,化痰理气,补肾,壮阳,补脑,提神之功。其有机锗含量较高,具有强健身体,增强人体免疫力的功效;其钾、磷含量是冬虫夏草的7倍,锌含量是香菇的4.3倍,猴头菌的4倍,铁含量是香菇的31倍,猴头菌的12倍等。猴头菌:性平,味甘,利五脏,助消化,滋补抗癌,治疗神经衰弱,含多糖、氨基酸等,还有不饱和脂肪酸,利于血液循环,能降低胆固醇含量,具有提高肌体免疫力的功能,可延缓衰老,能抑制癌细胞中遗传物质的合成,从而预防和治疗消化道癌症和其他恶性肿瘤,对胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、胃炎等消化道疾病的疗效令人瞩目;还有保肝、降低血糖和血脂的作用,能增加心脏血液输出量。茯苓菌:味甘淡,性平,甘平和缓,淡而渗利,健脾补中,宁心安神,利水,渗湿,用于脾虚不能运化水湿而所致的泄泻、失眠等症。含茯苓聚糖,茯苓酸,蛋白质,卵磷脂等,能促进钠、钾、氯等电解质的排出,可提高免疫,抗肿瘤,保肝,对心血管,糖尿病均有好处。松菌:也叫松茸,是一种纯天然珍稀名贵食用菌类,被誉为“菌中之王”,其富含蛋白质、多种氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、核酸衍生物,肽类物质等稀有元素;其具有强精补肾,健脑益智、益胃补气、强心补血、理气化痰、抗衰老、抗细胞突变、抗辐射和抗癌和治糖尿病,抗癌效果可达90%以上,其氨基酸总量为4848mg/100g干品,其中8种必需氨基酸含量为2042mg/100g干品。竹荪:被誉为“菌中皇后”,是寄生在枯竹根部的一种隐花菌类,其营养丰富,香味浓郁,滋味鲜美,自古就列为“草八珍”之一;其具有滋补强壮,益气补脑,宁神健体,补气养阴,润肺止咳,清热利湿的功效,具有保护肝脏减少腹壁脂肪的积存,其还含有抑制肿瘤的成分,对高血压,神经衰弱,肠胃疾病等有保健作用;含丰富的氨基酸、维生素、无机盐、竹荪多糖、膳食纤维素等营养成分。银耳:临床流行病学研究发现,糖尿病、高血脂、动脉粥样硬化及高血压均与膳食纤维素摄入不足有关,银耳中膳食纤维素很高,且富含胶质,有降血糖作用。黑木耳:人称“素中之荤”“素中之肉”,是人们熟知的补品,是祖国医学传统的扶正强壮药,现代医学认为,黑木耳是天然的强有力的抗凝剂;黑木耳的汁液,与含血小板的血浆混合在一起,血小板即失去凝聚作用,这是由于黑木耳中含有一种嘌呤核苷的物质,具有抗血小板凝聚作用。灵芝:安神,保神,入心生血,助心充脉,益肝、肺、脾,防癌抗肿瘤,抗放射,防治肝炎、强心,协调人体新陈代谢,久服轻身不老,延年益寿,防止老年性痴呆症有一定疗效。
具体实施方式
实施例一
a、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等各种食用菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,采用不锈钢打浆机,稍低转速,保持低温,将其打成细浆,可加纯净水反复打浆,至细为止,获单味或两味或三味以上不等的食用菌类植物浆液,不用过滤,渣浆同混,取食用菌类植物浆液40%、食用精细盐60%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中存放腌制72h,然后用均质机,加蒸馏水反复均质三遍,过滤,获菌盐液备用;弃渣另用;b、取沙棘果40%,食用精细盐60%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中,存放腌制72h,然后起出采用低转速,低温研磨打浆,连续打浆三次,过滤,均质机均质后再次过滤,获沙棘盐液备用;弃渣另用;c、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,打粉后,超临界工艺萃取,获单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液备用。d、取a步骤过滤后弃渣60%,b步骤过滤弃渣40%混合后,用乙醇提取法,进行二次提取合并提取液,获含盐混合提取液备用;e、取a步骤获得的菌盐液60%,b步骤获得的沙棘盐液15%,c步骤获得的食用菌类植物单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液20%,d步骤获得的含盐混合提取液5%,进行混合搅拌均匀,用冷冻干燥喷雾法,制得菌类营养调味盐,杀菌,包装即得。
实施例二
a、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等各种食用菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,采用不锈钢打浆机,稍低转速,保持低温,将其打成细浆,可加纯净水反复打浆,至细为止,获单味或两味或三味以上不等的食用菌类植物浆液,不用过滤,渣浆同混,取食用菌类植物浆液20%、食用精细盐80%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中存放腌制72h,然后用均质机,加蒸馏水反复均质三遍,过滤,获菌盐液备用;弃渣另用;b、取沙棘果20%,食用精细盐80%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中,存放腌制72h,然后起出采用低转速,低温研磨打浆,连续打浆三次,过滤,均质机均质后再次过滤,获沙棘盐液备用;弃渣另用;c、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,打粉后,超临界工艺萃取,获单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液备用。d、取a步骤过滤后弃渣60%,b步骤过滤弃渣40%混合后,用乙醇提取法,进行二次提取合并提取液,获含盐混合提取液备用;e、取a步骤获得的菌盐液78%,b步骤获得的沙棘盐液10%,c步骤获得的食用菌类植物单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液10%,d步骤获得的含盐混合提取液2%,进行混合搅拌均匀,用冷冻干燥喷雾法,制得菌类营养调味盐,杀菌,包装即得。
Claims (1)
1.一种菌类营养调味盐的制备方法,其特征是:a、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等各种食用菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,采用不锈钢打浆机,稍低转速,保持低温,将其打成细浆,可加纯净水反复打浆,至细为止,获单味或两味或三味以上不等的食用菌类植物浆液,不用过滤,渣浆同混,取食用菌类植物浆液20-40%、食用精细盐60-80%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中存放腌制72h,然后用均质机,加蒸馏水反复均质三遍,过滤,获菌盐液备用;弃渣另用;b、取沙棘果20-40%,食用精细盐60-80%,进行混合,搅拌均匀,置不锈钢罐中,存放腌制72h,然后起出采用低转速,低温研磨打浆,连续打浆三次,过滤,均质机均质后再次过滤,获沙棘盐液备用;弃渣另用;c、取食用菌类植物,包括香菇、花菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、鸡腿菇、滑菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、猴头菌、茯苓菌、松菌、银耳、黑木耳、灵芝等菌类植物,单味或两味或三味以上不等,打粉后,超临界工艺萃取,获单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液备用;d、取a步骤过滤后弃渣60%,b步骤过滤弃渣40%混合后,用乙醇提取法,进行二次提取合并提取液,获含盐混合提取液备用;e、取a步骤获得的菌盐液60-78%,b步骤获得的沙棘盐液10-15%,c步骤获得的食用菌类植物单味或两味或三味以上不等提取液10-20%,d步骤获得的含盐混合提取液2-5%,进行混合搅拌均匀,用冷冻干燥喷雾法,制得菌类营养调味盐,杀菌,包装即得。
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CN108968010A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-11 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | 沙棘食用盐及其制备方法 |
CN109965255A (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-05 | 云南省盐业有限公司 | 一种食用菌复合营养盐及其制备方法 |
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CN108968010A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-11 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | 沙棘食用盐及其制备方法 |
CN109965255A (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-05 | 云南省盐业有限公司 | 一种食用菌复合营养盐及其制备方法 |
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