CN104217878A - 一种镀贵金属开关触点元件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种镀贵金属开关触点元件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104217878A CN104217878A CN201410467116.6A CN201410467116A CN104217878A CN 104217878 A CN104217878 A CN 104217878A CN 201410467116 A CN201410467116 A CN 201410467116A CN 104217878 A CN104217878 A CN 104217878A
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- acid
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L potassium;sodium;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940074446 sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- RPAJSBKBKSSMLJ-DFWYDOINSA-N (2s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O RPAJSBKBKSSMLJ-DFWYDOINSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Au] BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XDFVDXNUFFNBOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxysilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO[SiH3] XDFVDXNUFFNBOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
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- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
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- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了通过阻镀、施镀和蚀刻工艺制备一种贵金属开关触点元件。阻镀工艺由印刷无需曝光机的阻镀油墨实现。施镀工艺由贵金属的电镀或化学镀实现。蚀刻工艺通过使用含有弱有机酸、弱无机酸或酸性缓冲剂的蚀刻液实现,通过含硫化合物提高蚀刻的光亮度、防止测蚀,通过提高蚀刻深度来提高触点的耐尘性能和耐油污性能。本发明制得的开关触点具有电导通可靠性好、耐尘性和耐油污性优良、触点抖动时间短、使用寿命长、原材料成本低等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种用于电路的接通和断开的开关触点元件及其制备方法,属于开关触点制造的技术领域。
背景技术
金、银等贵金属具有良好的导电性和化学稳定性,它们或它们的合金可以作为开关触点上的接触材料,但其昂贵的价格,限制了它们的应用空间。贱金属如铁、钴、镍、铝、铜、钛等以及包括不锈钢在内的合金,虽有在大气下有较好的化学稳定性,但作为触点材料其导电性能通常不如贵金属理想,它们的导电率大部分比金、银低,化学稳定性比金、银等贵金属差、耐电磨损性能一般也不及金、银等贵金属。同贵金属比较起来,贱金属通常价廉易得,市场供应充沛,作为导电材料或触点材料使用,它们的成本比贵金属低得多。总之,单独使用任何贵金属或贱金属时优缺点同时存在。
在以不锈钢等作为基材的触点上镀贵金属(特别是镀金)是提高触点性能的有效方法。在镀金方法和提高触点镀金质量上,科技人员做了大量的努力。例如,中国专利申请号为201310564337.0的专利文献“微型继电器触点、簧片镀金工艺方法”公开了通过特定的镀金液配方,提高镀金层的致密度和纯度,解决微型继电器接触电阻不稳定及静态粘接的功能性问题。美国专利申请号为20140045352的专利文献“Connector with gold-palladium plated contacts”,公开了通过调整在双金属合金中金和钯的浓度,控制双金属合金的外观颜色的方法。日本特开2003-057111号公报,公开了通过在银基触点材料上通过溅镀的方法镀一层1μm厚的金,然后再通过电镀的方法镀一层1μm厚的金,以消除镀层中的针孔,提高触点的耐腐蚀能力,使得触点甚至在高腐蚀性气体的环境中保持良好的可靠性。
申请号为201010557154.2的专利文献“局部镀金板的制作工艺”及其相同申请人同日申请的一系列专利文献,公开了通过选择性曝光使保护干膜遮挡非镀金区,从而实现局部镀金的一种方法。该方法中必须使用碱溶性保护干膜和曝光机。申请号为200910023466.2的专利文献“一种簧片局部镀金前的散件覆膜方法”公开的单面镀金方法,同样需要使用曝光机。美国专利4077852“Selective gold plating”公开了使用铬酸盐膜作为阻镀层在含铜的金属表面进行选择性镀金的工艺,以减少金的用量。铬酸盐膜作为阻镀层的尺寸分辨率相当高,可用于电子和集成电路。该工艺中的铬酸盐膜由重铬酸钾进行阴极沉积而得到。但使用铬酸盐作为阻镀层时,电镀金条件必须比常用镀金条件温和,如必须采用较低的镀液温度和较低的电压或电流密度等。
本发明申请人的专利申请号为201310748955.0的专利文献“开关触点元件及其制备方法”,公开了一种具有三层结构的开关触点元件:底层为橡胶、中间层为连续的贱金属薄片,上层为不连续的贵金属镀层或者为不连续的贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属复合层。该结构通过印刷局部阻镀层和电镀制得,作为开关触点元件具有好的电流导通稳定性、耐尘性和耐油污性。但是,这种方法制备的开关触点,镀层的厚度受到所印刷的阻镀油墨层的厚度的限制。印刷油墨很难印得很厚,最多通常只有十微米或十几微米,因此,采用这种方法,镀层的厚度就不能超过十几微米。镀层的厚度不够,就意味着触点中凸出于底材上的导电接触面的高度不够,作为触点使用时,触点的抗尘性、抗油污性就受到影响。镀层厚度超过阻镀油墨层的厚度时,阻镀油墨易被包覆在镀层之中。包覆在镀层中的阻镀油墨是电绝缘的,在触点使用过程中,会溢到触点的接触面,从而增加触点的接触电阻甚至使触点失去电导通功能。另外,所印刷的阻镀油墨在贱金属基材上的接触角,很难控制在90°,也就是说,所印刷阻镀油墨的边缘很难垂直于贱金属基材的表面,镀层的边缘因而很难垂直于贱金属基材。
原发明的镀层厚度被印刷油墨厚度所控制,
钢、不锈钢、铜或铜合金、镍或镍合金是常用于制备触点的贱金属材料。对这些金属的蚀刻,常使用含有较强的无机酸的蚀刻液,如:盐酸+硝酸+三氯化铁+己内酰胺(用于不锈钢的蚀刻)(中国专利申请号201010160309.9)、硝酸+三氯化铁+氯化钠(用于钢的蚀刻)(中国专利申请号201310100019.9)、氟硼酸或氟硅酸+甲基磺酸或氨基磺酸+水溶性亚铁盐(用于锡的蚀刻,不腐蚀铜和镍)(中国专利申请号201310187160.7)、硝酸或硫酸+过氧化氢+特定的聚合物(中国专利申请号200910023466.2)、硝酸和/或硫酸+过氧化氢+铵盐+芳香胺+硝基化合物(中国专利申请号201110110116.7)、硝酸+硝酸镍+碘酸+氨基酸(美国专利4556449)硫酸+过氧化物+低分子量羧酸(用于蚀刻铜)(美国专利4462861)、硫酸+硝酸+双氧水(日本特开2004-52001 号公报)、氯化铁+ 盐酸+ 高分子化合物(日本特开2000-336491 号公报)、磷酸+双氧水(日本特开2006-294797 号公报)、过氯酸+硝酸铈铵(日本特开2004-59973 号公报)(以上专利文献如未特别注明,蚀刻液均用于镍或镍合金的蚀刻)。
有专利文献公开了含有机酸的蚀刻液的蚀刻液。申请号为201080059307.9的专利文献“蚀刻液及使用其的半导体装置的制造方法”所公开的蚀刻液含有过氧化氢、有机酸(柠檬酸和苹果酸)和少量有机膦酸,该蚀刻液能够选择性蚀刻铜而不蚀刻镍。申请号为200610151609.4的专利文献,公开了以过醋酸为主的蚀刻液,蚀刻液中还包括过醋酸稳定剂、有机酸、无机酸和盐类,其中盐类是用来控制蚀刻液的pH值,可调变铜与钼的相对蚀刻率。尽管有这些专利文献公开了多种多样的蚀刻液,但还是有必要研发对铁、钴、镍、铜及其合金有良好的蚀刻效果,得到光亮的蚀刻的金属表面,消除侧蚀,同时对金、银等贵金属不产生腐蚀的蚀刻液。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明是为了解决现有触点生产技术生产的触点在耐尘性和耐油污性上的不足,提供了一种包含阻镀、施镀和蚀刻工艺的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法及其制得的产品。
技术方案:本发明中公开的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法有多种,但每种中都包含印刷阻镀层、镀贵金属和蚀刻三个工序,每种方法中的工序顺序有差别。
方法一:
1)印刷阻镀层:以0.01-10mm厚的贱金属薄片作为底材,在底材上表面用可溶解于溶剂、酸性溶液或碱性溶液的油墨,在底材的上表面局部地印刷一层0.5-10μm厚的局部阻镀层,使得在底材上表面没有阻镀层的部位呈点状、条纹状或者网格状分布或点、线的任意组合式的分布;在底材的下表面涂覆0.5-10μm厚的阻镀层,使阻镀层完全覆盖下表面;底材上表面的阻镀层和底材下表面的阻镀层,在化学组成上是相同的或不同的;阻镀层是耐水溶液的、耐酸性溶液的或耐碱性溶液的有机聚合物材料;或者在贱金属薄片上整面地印刷一层0.5-10μm厚的耐酸的或耐碱的感光油墨,用曝光机曝光,用水冲洗掉 使得在底材没有局部阻镀层的地方露出凸点状、条纹状或者网格状的贱金属底材。
2)镀贵金属:在底材上表面没有印刷阻镀层的部位上,以电镀或化学镀的方法,镀一层0.05-5μm厚的贵金属镀层;或者先镀一层0.1-20μm厚的非贵金属镀层,接着再在非贵金属镀层上面镀一层0.05-5μm厚贵金属镀层;
3)除去阻镀层:采用可溶解阻镀层的溶剂、碱性溶液或酸性溶液将底材上表面印刷的局部阻镀层通过溶解或剥离的方法去除;或采用碱液溶解、酸液溶解或溶剂溶解的方法,去除作为在阻镀层的固化的感光油墨;
4)蚀刻:用蚀刻液选择性腐蚀步骤3)中已经去除阻镀层的底材上表面,即腐蚀没有镀贵金属镀层的那部分底材的上表面,蚀刻的深度为底材厚度的5%至95%,使贵金属镀层突出于底材表面;所述的蚀刻液为:含过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液,或者含双氧水、双氧水尿素或过氧乙酸的三氯化铁蚀刻液;
5)与橡胶复合:除掉底材下表面的阻镀层,然后将底材的下表面与橡胶贴合,进行热硫化复合,制成厚度可至 0.25-5mm的复合薄片;
6)冲切:将复合薄片分割或冲切成横截面面积 0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、棱柱粒或者椭圆柱粒;
方法二:如方法一,但按照印刷阻镀层、镀贵金属、除去阻镀层(除去贱金属薄片上表面和下表面的阻镀层)、与橡胶复合、蚀刻和冲切的工序;
方法三:
采用含有以下先后次序的工序也可以制备镀贵金属开关触点元件,其电导通性能与方法一制备的镀贵金属开关触点元件相同或相近:
1)与橡胶复合:以贱金属薄片为底材,在其下表面上以热硫化的方式复合一层橡胶,制成厚度可至 0.25-5mm 的复合薄片;
2)印刷阻镀层:在贱金属薄片为底材的上表面,以可溶解于溶剂、酸性溶液或碱性溶液的油墨印刷一层0.5-10μm 厚的局部阻镀层,使得在底材没有局部阻镀层的地方露出凸点状、条纹状或者网格状的贱金属底材;
3)镀贵金属:在底材上表面没有局部阻镀层的地方露出密布的凸点状、条纹状或者网格状的部分,镀一层0.05-5μm厚的贵金属镀层;或者先镀一层0.1-20μm厚的非贵金属镀层,接着再在非贵金属镀层上面镀一层0.05-5μm厚的贵金属镀层;
4)除去阻镀层:将底材上表面印刷的局部阻镀层去除:采用可溶解阻镀层的溶剂、碱性溶液或酸性溶液将局部阻镀层溶解;
5)蚀刻:用蚀刻液腐蚀步骤4)中已经去除局部阻镀层的那部分的底材上表面,即腐蚀没有镀贵金属镀层的那部分底材的上表面,蚀刻的深度为底材厚度的10%至90%,使贵金属镀层突出底材表面;所述的蚀刻液为:含过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液,或者含过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸的三氯化铁蚀刻液;
6)冲切:将有镀层的复合薄片冲切成横截面面积 0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、椭圆柱粒或者棱柱粒;
在这种方法中,贱金属薄片的的下表面复合有一橡胶层,橡胶层对贵金属的电镀或化学镀有阻止作用,因此,贱金属薄片的的下表面就不需要印刷阻镀层了。
方法四:
如方法三,但按照与橡胶复合、印刷阻镀层、镀贵金属、除去阻镀层、冲切和蚀刻的工序进行。
在阻镀工序中,阻镀层是耐水溶液的但容易被有机溶剂溶解或剥离、耐酸性溶液的但易于被碱性溶液溶解或剥离、或者耐碱性溶液但易于被酸性溶液溶解或剥离的有机聚合物材料。阻镀层与贱金属底材之间应有良好的附着力。如选用耐水溶液的阻镀层,阻镀层就不应该在水溶液(例如:电镀金的镀液或化学镀镍的镀液)破裂、脱落或掉粉,但可以用有机溶剂把耐水溶液的阻镀层溶解掉或剥离掉。耐酸性溶液的但易于被碱性溶液溶解或剥离的阻镀层,同样也应在酸性溶液中保持良好的附着力,而用碱性溶液可以把阻镀层溶解掉或剥离掉。用市面上合适的阻镀油墨或我们自制的阻镀油墨,均可以在贱金属表面印刷出合适的阻镀层。在阻镀工序中,如采用酸性电镀液电镀贵金属镀层,就需采用耐酸的阻镀油墨或感光油墨。如采用碱性电镀液电镀贵金属镀层,就需采用耐碱的阻镀油墨或感光油墨。
贵金属的电镀或化学镀,特别是在贱金属基材上的电镀或化学镀,包括镀金或镀99.9%以上的纯金,包括电镀金或化学镀金的工艺,是成熟的工艺,可以供我们选用。化学镀金工艺所得金层的厚度较小,厚度可达0.2μm左右,采用电镀金工艺可得到比较厚的镀金层,镀金的厚度可达1μm以上。根据对开关触点元件的性能要求(如工作电流和开关次数),可选择不同的镀金工艺和不同的镀金厚度。
蚀刻工序是上述所有方法中的关键工序。所述的蚀刻液中含有2-20%的氯化铜或三氯化铁,0.5-10%过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸。过氧化氢以过氧化氢浓度为30%的双氧水的形式加入到蚀刻液中。过氧乙酸以40%的水溶液的形式加入到蚀刻液中。过氧化氢尿素直接以其固体的形式加入到蚀刻液中,或者将其用蒸馏水按2:1的比例稀释后加入到蚀刻液中。如果蚀刻液中过氧化物的浓度太低,不能得到适当的蚀刻速度;如果蚀刻液中过氧化物的浓度太高,蚀刻液就变得较不稳定,在蚀刻时反应剧烈并有大量气体产生。优选蚀刻液中过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸为1.5-7.5%。
过氧化氢尿素是过氧化氢和尿素的加合物,使用的安全性更高。过氧化氢尿素溶于水后分解为过氧化氢和尿素。据专利文献(特开平10-130870号公报),尿素能抑制蚀刻液中NOx的产生。另据申请号为201210126971.1的专利文献“一种低酸型酸性蚀刻再生剂及其酸性蚀刻母液”,在低酸的蚀刻液中加入尿素,可降低副反应发生、降低了物料消耗。我们在蚀刻实验中也没发现尿素在蚀刻液中对蚀刻有不利的影响。
通常过氧乙酸的氧化能力高于过氧化氢。在蚀刻液中使用过氧乙酸,可以使蚀刻液在更低的温度下进行,也就是说,使用过氧乙酸制得了低温蚀刻液,蚀刻液可以在0-35℃下使用而获得良好的蚀刻速率和蚀刻效果。
蚀刻过程是一种消耗氢离子的过程,以上弱酸性体系的存在,为蚀刻提供了氢离子。在蚀刻液中使用弱酸性体系,可使得蚀刻过程平稳。如果将本蚀刻液中的弱酸性体系换成强酸,蚀刻过程将变得剧烈,金属薄片在蚀刻液中,将骤然产生大量气泡,甚至时蚀刻反应失控。反应失控的表现是:金属薄片的一部分被完全溶解掉,而另一部分只蚀刻了厚度的一半,也就是说金属薄片各部位的蚀刻速率不均匀。
作为优化:所述的蚀刻液的主要成分及配比为:每100克蚀刻液中含氯化铜或三氯化铁2-20克、过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸1-20克、弱有机酸、弱无机酸、酸性的无机盐或含弱酸的pH缓冲剂1-25克或强酸0.1-5克;用过氧乙酸配制蚀刻液时,同时使用或同时不使用弱有机酸、弱无机酸、酸性的无机盐或含弱酸的pH缓冲剂;
所述的弱有机酸为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、已二酸、羟基乙酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、乙酸酐、苯酚和硝基化的苯酚、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、丙酮酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、氨基三乙酸、亚磺酸、氨基酸、膦酸中的至少一种;优选柠檬酸和草酸;
所述的弱无机酸或酸性的无机盐为硼酸、氢氟酸、次氯酸、亚硫酸、磷酸二氢钠、三氯化铝、氯化铵、硫酸铝、硫酸铁中的至少一种;
所述的强酸是无机强酸盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氯酸、高氯酸、氢碘酸、氢溴酸中的至少一种或有机强酸三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、磺酸中的至少一种;强酸在所述的蚀刻液中浓度在5%以下。
所述的pH缓冲剂为含弱有机酸或弱无机酸的pH缓冲剂,优选含柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸或乙酸的pH缓冲剂,进一步优选柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠体系、柠檬酸–柠檬酸钠体系、邻苯二甲酸–盐酸体系或乙酸–乙酸钠体系。使用这些化合物,可使得蚀刻液具有稳定的弱酸性,能够得到适当的蚀刻速度。有机酸可以组合使用。这些酸性物质的加入,有利于控制蚀刻液的pH值,使蚀刻速率平稳。
作为优化:所述的蚀刻液中,每100克蚀刻液含有0.005-2克的硫脲类化合物或巯基化合物;所述的硫脲类化合物优选硫脲、苯基硫脲、二苯基硫脲、对甲苯基硫脲、邻甲苯基硫脲、酰基硫脲、氨基硫脲或缩氨基硫脲;所述的巯基化合物优选巯基乙酸或巯基乙酸盐、巯基丁二酸、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2-炔丙基巯基苯并咪唑、巯基噻二唑、二巯基噻二唑或巯基三唑类化合物。在蚀刻液中加入这些化合物中的一种或多种,可使得被蚀刻出来的表面,具有光亮的银白色,同时,这些化合物,可抑制测蚀。对侧蚀的抑制,对制备所镀贵金属层不发生塌陷的触点元件很重要,可使得所镀贵金属全部作为触点的接触面、充分发挥贵金属导电性能优良的作用。
作为优化:所述的蚀刻液中,每100克蚀刻液含有0-20克的络合剂,络合剂优选酒石酸钾钠、柠檬酸钠、EDTA钠盐。在蚀刻液中加入络合剂,不仅可以控制蚀刻速率,使蚀刻保持平稳,而且对蚀刻所生成的表面的光亮度也有所帮助,在我们所用的几种络合剂中,以柠檬酸钠在提高蚀刻所生成的表面的光亮度的作用最为明显。
作为优化:所述的蚀刻液中,同时含有过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素和过氧乙酸,同时含有弱有机酸、弱无机酸、酸性的无机盐和含弱酸的pH缓冲剂,或者同时含有氯化铜和氯化铁。
在蚀刻液中同时含有这些化合物,增加了蚀刻液对各种贱金属和贱金属合金蚀刻的适应性。只是要注意当蚀刻液中的过氧乙酸含量较多时,应控制蚀刻温度不高于35℃,以防止剧烈的蚀刻反应。
除了上述成分,蚀刻液可含有甲醇或乙醇或表面活性剂,或者不含醇和表面活性剂而只含有水。甲醇、乙醇或表面活性剂用于溶解水溶性较差的苯基硫脲或二苯基硫脲,以便把溶解了的苯基硫脲或二苯基硫脲加入到蚀刻液中。关于水,优选通过蒸馏、离子交换处理、过滤处理、各种吸附处理等去除了金属离子、有机杂质、颗粒等的纯水。
蚀刻液最好现配现用,以防止蚀刻液中可能的过氧化物对有机酸的氧化作用。
含过氧化氢或过氧化氢尿素的氯化铜蚀刻液,或者含双氧水或双氧水尿素的三氯化铁蚀刻液,是常温蚀刻液,使用温度在15-50℃之间,更优选为20-30℃,蚀刻液温度为20℃以上时,蚀刻速度不会变得过慢,生产效率不会显著降低。蚀刻液的温度为50℃以上时,蚀刻速度增大,但液体的稳定性变差,反应剧烈,难以得到稳定的蚀刻速度和良好的蚀刻后的金属外观。使用这两种蚀刻液在20-30℃的温度下对铜或铜合金、钢或不锈钢、镍或镍合金进行蚀刻,蚀刻速率可维持在0.25-5μm/min之间。
含过过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液或者含过氧乙酸的三氯化铁蚀刻液,是低温蚀刻液,使用温度在0-35℃之间,更优选为5-25℃。在0-10℃的温度条件下,使用含过过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液或者含过氧乙酸的三氯化铁蚀刻液,也是可以蚀刻钢或不锈钢、铜或铜合金、镍或镍合金等的,只是蚀刻速度比较慢,生产效率不高。蚀刻液的温度在10-25℃时,可维持较高的和稳定的蚀刻速率。用含过过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液,在蚀刻温度为20℃左右时,蚀刻铜的蚀刻速率是1-5μm/min,蚀刻SS304不锈钢和N6纯镍的蚀刻速率是0.5-3μm/min。用含过过氧乙酸的氯化铁蚀刻液,在蚀刻温度为20℃左右时,蚀刻纯铜的蚀刻速率是1-6μm/min,蚀刻SS304不锈钢和纯镍的蚀刻速率是1-4μm/min。当蚀刻液温度超过35℃时,这些金属在蚀刻液中反应剧烈,有大量气泡生成,蚀刻过程不稳定,也不易控制。因此,本发明中的蚀刻液,适宜于在室温条件下或较低温度下使用,无需加热,使用的安全性高。特别是在冬天,也可通过选用或调整配方,不用加热蚀刻液。
作为优化:所述的阻镀层是耐水溶液的但容易被有机溶剂溶解或剥离、耐酸性溶液的但易于被碱性溶液溶解或剥离、或者耐碱性溶液但易于被酸性溶液溶解或剥离的有机聚合物材料。
一种镀贵金属的开关触点元件,用作开关的导电触点,能够接通电路板上的开关触点并导通电路,为厚度0.5-10mm、横截面面积0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、椭圆柱粒或棱柱粒的形状,具有多层的层状结构:
底层为橡胶;中间层为连续的和上表面被局部蚀刻的贱金属薄片层,上层为凸点状、条纹状或网格状的贵金属镀层,或凸点状和条纹状任意组合的贵金属镀层,或者为凸点状、条纹状或网格状的贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层,或凸点状和条纹状任意组合的贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层;所述的贱金属镀层在贱金属薄片层与贵金属镀层之间;贱金属薄片层上表面是在局部镀有的贵金属镀层或贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层的覆盖下被蚀刻的;
所述的贱金属薄片的材质为镁、铝、钛、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、铌、锡、钼、钽、钨或者是它们中任意一种金属的合金;所述的贱金属薄片是单一的金属材质,或者是由不同的金属材质的层状复合形成的;所述的贱金属薄片的材质优选为不锈钢、镍或镍合金、铜或铜合金,这些贱金属在上述的蚀刻液中,蚀刻速率快,而金、银、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂或以这些元素为主的合金,基本上不被腐蚀;
所述的贵金属镀层的材质为:金、银、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂或者它们中任意一种金属的合金;所述的贵金属镀层的材质优选为银或金;
所述的橡胶层的材质是天然橡胶或合成橡胶;优选三元乙丙橡胶和硅橡胶;三元乙丙橡胶和硅橡胶的耐候性能优良,在大气中具有较长的使用寿命,同时其价格也较低,适合用于开关触点元件中;
所述的凸点是圆柱体、棱柱体、台柱体或横截面随柱轴变化的柱体,其顶面直径或外接圆的直径为0.1-2mm,相邻的凸点之间的间距为0.05-2mm;
所述的条纹是曲线或直线,相互之间是平行的或不平行的,平行的相邻的条纹之间的间距为0.1-2mm;条纹的宽度是可变的或固定的,宽度为0.02-2mm;
所述的网格的大小是可变的或固定的,网格之间的孔洞面积为0.05-5mm2,网格状组成网格的线条宽度为0.02-2mm;
所述的柱体、条纹、网格的高度是贵金属镀层厚度、贱金属镀层厚度和贱金属薄片蚀刻深度之和,数值在0.2μm-9.5mm之间。
作为优化:所述橡胶是三元乙丙橡胶或硅橡胶,所述贱金属薄片的材质是不锈钢、镍或镍合金、铜或铜合金,所述的贱金属镀层的材质为镍或镍合金、钴或钴合金;所述贵金属的材质是纯度大于99%的金。
作为优化:所述的贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层中贱金属镀层的厚度是贵金属镀层厚度的1.5-10倍,以达到省用贵金属的目的,同时保证触点元件具有良好的电导通性能。
作为优化:所述的金的镀层是由化学镀或电镀制备的。
有益效果:本发明所公开的方法,具有蚀刻深度可控,不象申请号为201310748955.0的专利文献“开关触点元件及其制备方法”那样,镀层的厚度受到阻镀油墨厚度的限制。通过本发明所公开的方法,由于贵金属镀层突起的高度是蚀刻深度和贵金属镀层厚度之和,贵金属镀层突起的高度可在更宽的范围内取值,可使得贵金属镀层更加突出于贱金属基材的表面,从而使得由此种方法制备的开关触点具有更佳的耐尘性和耐油污性能、更稳定的导电性能。本发明制得的开关触点具有电导通可靠性好、耐尘性和耐油污性优良、触点抖动时间短、使用寿命长、原材料成本低等优点。本发明中所采用的阻镀、施镀和蚀刻工艺可靠性强,易于工业化生产。采用本发明所公开的方法制备的开关触点元件,由于可在很大范围内调整蚀刻深度,是的触点元件的抗尘性和耐油污性更加优良。
附图说明
图1为本发明在镀贵金属前没有镀一贱金属层的开关触点的结构示意图;
图2为本发明在镀贵金属前镀有一贱金属层的开关触点的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种镀贵金属的开关触点元件,用作开关的导电触点,能够接通电路板上的开关触点并导通电路,为厚度0.5-10mm、横截面面积0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、椭圆柱粒或棱柱粒的形状,具有多层的层状结构:底层为橡胶层1;中间层为连续的和上表面被局部蚀刻的贱金属薄片层2,上层为凸点状、条纹状或网格状的贵金属镀层4,或凸点状和条纹状任意组合的贵金属镀层4,或者为凸点状、条纹状或网格状的贱金属镀层3和贵金属镀层4的双金属镀层,或凸点状和条纹状任意组合的贱金属镀层3和贵金属镀层4的双金属镀层;所述的贱金属镀层3在贱金属薄片层2与贵金属镀层4之间;贱金属薄片层2上表面是在局部镀有的贵金属镀层4或贱金属镀层3和贵金属镀层4的双金属镀层的覆盖下被蚀刻的。
实施例1:
不锈钢和硅橡胶复合:将0.10mm厚的材质为SUS304的不锈钢片由碱性清洗剂除油,用自来水清洗,用5%的稀盐酸浸泡30秒,用去离子水清洗。冷风吹干。将一种含有1%乙烯基三特丁基过氧硅烷(VTPS)和0.5%过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶和不锈钢片放在模腔表面涂有特氟龙的模具中,在175℃下让不锈钢片的一面与硅橡胶进行热硫化粘合,硫化时间为8分钟,形成1.0mm厚的不锈钢和硅橡胶的层状复合片材。甲基乙烯基硅橡胶采用商品化的道康宁东丽公司生产的SE 4706U或信越公司生产的KE 961U或其它牌号的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶,都是可行的。VTPS是一种含有过氧基的偶联剂,它既可以使含乙烯基的硅橡胶交联,同时也促进含乙烯基的硅橡胶与金属之间的粘合。
印刷阻镀油墨:在此复合片材的不锈钢表面,用阻镀油墨印刷一条条0.25mm宽的直线,两条相邻直线之间的间隔是0.25mm。直线状油墨的厚度为2.0-20.0μm。自制的或市面上的耐酸性蚀刻的对不锈钢有良好附着力的阻镀油墨均可选用。市面上的可选用的阻镀油墨有:抗蚀刻电镀油墨(如台湾川裕生产的的PR2000SA抗蚀刻电镀油墨)、紫外光固化的耐酸油墨(如昆山田菱精细化工生产的THS-19耐酸油墨)等。本实施例中分别选用了自制的耐酸的但可碱溶的阻镀油墨和川裕的PR2000SA抗蚀刻电镀油墨。
镀金:镀金之前先将上述印好了阻镀油墨的复合片材清洗干净。可用中性或酸性清洗液、乙醇或异丙醇等有机溶剂对复合片材进行清洗。 用化学镀或电镀的方法,在上述印好了阻镀油墨的复合片材中不锈钢的表面,镀上一层0.2μm后的镀金层(结果将得到如图1所述的开关触点),或者先镀上一层0.1-10μm厚的纯镍层或镍合金层,然后再镀上一层0.2μm后的镀金层(结果将得到如图2所述的开关触点)。镀金层只生成在不锈钢未印有阻镀油墨的部位上。在化学镀金或电镀金的工艺中,均采用酸性化学镀金液或酸性电镀金液。
除去阻镀油墨:将上述镀金后的复合片材,用5%的氢氧化钠溶液清洗,除掉复合片材中不锈钢表面上的阻镀油墨,得到在不锈钢表面镀有条纹状镀金层的复合片材。
蚀刻:将上述镀金的没有阻镀油墨的复合片材,浸渍在下述蚀刻液中,使复合片材中裸露的不锈钢受到选择性蚀刻,复合片材中有镀金层的部位,由于受到镀金层的保护而不被蚀刻。蚀刻在室温下进行。蚀刻液温度控制在20-28℃,控制蚀刻时间(约2-15分钟,依蚀刻液温度而定),使不锈钢被蚀刻的厚度至0.050-0.075mm时,取出复合片材,用自来水冲洗,然后用去离子水冲洗。所使用的蚀刻液的配方是:每100g蚀刻液中,含三氯化铁8g,双氧水尿素4g,柠檬酸8g,柠檬酸钠5g,氨基硫脲0.1g,其余为水。该蚀刻液不腐蚀镍基材上的镀金层,侧蚀少。所得的蚀刻表面比较光亮,呈银白色。
冲切:将上述蚀刻了的片材,冲切得到直径为2-10mm的小圆片。这种小圆片可以作为触点,和其它橡胶进行热硫化粘合和热硫化冲洗,制备含有触点的橡胶按键。这种触点,具有良好的耐尘性能和耐油污性能、良好的抗抖动性能和良好的使用寿命,同时贵金属用量少,制作成本低。
实施例2:
将实施例1 中的不锈钢片材,将其一面印刷上如实施例1 所示的阻镀油墨,将其另一面全部用相同组成的和相同厚度的阻镀油墨覆盖。然后,如实施例1进行镀金。用5%的氢氧化钠溶液冲洗掉不锈钢片上有镀金的一面上的阻镀油墨,然后如实施例1进行蚀刻。之后,用5%的氢氧化钠溶液冲洗掉不锈钢片的另一面上的阻镀油墨。将镀金后的不锈钢片中没有镀金的一面和硅橡胶进行热硫化粘合和热硫化成型,形成不锈钢表面有镀金的不锈钢和硅橡胶的层状复合片材。将此复合片材冲切,得到直径2-10mm的小圆片。这种小圆片作为触点,其性能和实施例1所得的触点的性能基本上一样。
实施例3:
所有步骤如实施例1,除了把镀金该为镀银。镀银层由电镀或化学镀方法制备。银镀层的厚度为2.5μm。为了防止银镀层变色,对镀银层可进行镀后处理,如浸亮、化学和电化学钝化、涂覆电镀银抗氧化剂或保护剂等。
实施例4:
如实施例3,镀银完毕后,再用化学镀或电镀的方法,镀上0.1μm的金。然后如实施例1进行除去阻镀油墨、蚀刻、冲切等工艺。
实施例5:
以0.1mm厚的镍含量大于99.5%的镍片为基材,如实施例1,与硅橡胶作热硫化复合,制成约1mm厚的层状复合片材。然后,印刷耐酸的的局部阻镀层,露出均匀分布的小圆形的基材,小圆的直径是0.25mm,相邻小圆的圆心间的距离是0.75mm。用酸性的电镀液,在层状复合片材的镍基材上露出小圆形的地方镀上1μm厚的纯度大于99.5%的金。用5%的氢氧化钠溶液除掉阻镀层。然后进行冲切和蚀刻,或者进行蚀刻和冲切,即可制得直径为2-10mm的小圆形的开关触点元件。
实施中,所用的蚀刻液含有过氧乙酸:每100g蚀刻液中,含氯化铜7.5g, 20%的过氧乙酸12g,草酸8g,EDTA二钠8g,2-巯基苯并噻唑0.1g,其余为水。蚀刻温度18℃,时间为5分钟。所得的在基材上的蚀刻深度约为30μm。该蚀刻液不腐蚀镍基材上的镀金层,侧蚀少。所得的蚀刻表面呈光亮的银白色。
实施例1至实施例5 制得的开关触点元件,都含有橡胶层。橡胶层的存在,使得这些开关触点元件易于与其它橡胶做热硫化粘结和热硫化成型,从而制备出有有贵金属镀层的触点的橡胶按键。这种有贵金属镀层的触点,具有电导通可靠性好、耐尘性和耐油污性优良、触点抖动时间短、耐电磨损性能好、使用寿命长、原材料成本低等优点。
对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改变、改进和润饰,比如,将蚀刻液中的三氯化铁换成其它可溶性的三价铁盐,将蚀刻液中的氯化铜换成其它可溶性的二价铜盐,将镀贵金属开关触点元件中的橡胶换成热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯或塑料等。这些改变、改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法,其特征在于:制备方法中至少包含印刷阻镀层、镀贵金属和蚀刻三个工序:
1)印刷阻镀层:以0.01-10mm厚的贱金属薄片作为底材,在底材上表面用可溶解于溶剂、酸性溶液或碱性溶液的油墨,在底材的上表面局部地印刷一层0.5-10μm厚的局部阻镀层,使得在底材上表面没有阻镀层的部位呈点状、条纹状或者网格状分布或点、线的任意组合式的分布;在底材的下表面涂覆0.5-10μm厚的阻镀层,使阻镀层完全覆盖下表面;底材上表面的阻镀层和底材下表面的阻镀层,在化学组成上是相同的或不同的;阻镀层是耐水溶液的、耐酸性溶液的或耐碱性溶液的有机聚合物材料;或者在贱金属薄片上整面地印刷一层0.25-10μm厚的耐酸的或耐碱的感光油墨,用曝光机曝光,用水冲洗掉未固化的感光油墨,使得在底材上露出凸点状、条纹状或者网格状的贱金属底材;
2)镀贵金属:在底材上表面没有印刷阻镀层的部位上,以电镀或化学镀的方法,镀一层0.05-5μm厚的贵金属镀层;或者先镀一层0.1-20μm厚的非贵金属镀层,接着再在非贵金属镀层上面镀一层0.05-5μm厚贵金属镀层;
3)除去阻镀层:采用可溶解阻镀层的溶剂、碱性溶液或酸性溶液将底材上表面印刷的局部阻镀层通过溶解或剥离的方法去除;或采用碱液溶解、酸液溶解或溶剂溶解的方法,去除作为在阻镀层的固化的感光油墨;
4)蚀刻:用蚀刻液选择性腐蚀步骤3)中已经去除阻镀层的底材上表面,即腐蚀没有镀贵金属镀层的那部分底材的上表面,蚀刻的深度为底材厚度的5%至95%,使贵金属镀层突出于底材表面;所述的蚀刻液为:含过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液,或者含双氧水、双氧水尿素或过氧乙酸的三氯化铁蚀刻液;
5)与橡胶复合:除掉底材下表面的阻镀层,然后将底材的下表面与橡胶贴合,进行热硫化复合,制成厚度可至 0.25-5mm的复合薄片;
6)冲切:将复合薄片分割或冲切成横截面面积 0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、棱柱粒或者椭圆柱粒;
或者,按照印刷阻镀层、镀贵金属、除去阻镀层(除去贱金属底材上、下表面的阻镀层)、与橡胶复合、蚀刻和冲切的工序;
或者,含有以下先后次序的工序:
1)与橡胶复合:以贱金属薄片为底材,在其下表面上以热硫化的方式复合一层橡胶,制成厚度可至 0.25-5mm 的复合薄片;
2)印刷阻镀层:在贱金属薄片为底材的上表面,以可溶解于溶剂、酸性溶液或碱性溶液的油墨印刷一层0.5-10μm 厚的局部阻镀层,使得在底材没有局部阻镀层的地方露出凸点状、条纹状或者网格状的贱金属底材;
3)镀贵金属:在底材上表面没有局部阻镀层的地方露出密布的凸点状、条纹状或者网格状的部分,镀一层0.05-5μm厚的贵金属镀层;或者先镀一层0.1-20μm厚的非贵金属镀层,接着再在非贵金属镀层上面镀一层0.05-5μm厚的贵金属镀层;
4)除去阻镀层:将底材上表面印刷的局部阻镀层去除:采用可溶解阻镀层的溶剂、碱性溶液或酸性溶液将局部阻镀层溶解;
5)蚀刻:用蚀刻液腐蚀步骤4)中已经去除局部阻镀层的那部分的底材上表面,即腐蚀没有镀贵金属镀层的那部分底材的上表面,蚀刻的深度为底材厚度的10%至90%,使贵金属镀层突出底材表面;所述的蚀刻液为:含过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸的氯化铜蚀刻液,或者含过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸的三氯化铁蚀刻液;
6)冲切:将有镀层的复合薄片冲切成横截面面积 0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、椭圆柱粒或者棱柱粒;
或者,按照与橡胶复合、印刷阻镀层、镀贵金属、除去阻镀层、冲切和蚀刻的工序进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的蚀刻液的主要成分及配比为:每100克蚀刻液中含氯化铜或三氯化铁2-20克、过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素或过氧乙酸1-20克、弱有机酸、弱无机酸、酸性的无机盐、含弱酸的pH缓冲剂1-25克或强酸0.1-5克;用过氧乙酸配制蚀刻液时,同时使用或同时不使用弱有机酸、弱无机酸、酸性的无机盐或含弱酸的pH缓冲剂;
所述的弱有机酸为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、已二酸、羟基乙酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、乙酸酐、苯酚和硝基化的苯酚、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、丙酮酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、氨基三乙酸、亚磺酸、氨基酸、膦酸中的至少一种;优选柠檬酸和草酸;
所述的弱无机酸或酸性的无机盐为硼酸、氢氟酸、次氯酸、亚硫酸、磷酸二氢钠、三氯化铝、氯化铵、硫酸铝、硫酸铁中的至少一种;
所述的强酸是无机强酸盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氯酸、高氯酸、氢碘酸、氢溴酸中的至少一种或有机强酸三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、磺酸中的至少一种;强酸在所述的蚀刻液中浓度在5%以下;
所述的pH缓冲剂为含弱有机酸或弱无机酸的pH缓冲剂,优选含柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸或乙酸的pH缓冲剂,进一步优选柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠体系、柠檬酸–柠檬酸钠体系、邻苯二甲酸–盐酸体系或乙酸–乙酸钠体系。
3.根据权利要求1所述的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的蚀刻液中,每100克蚀刻液含有0.005-2克的硫脲类化合物或巯基化合物;所述的硫脲类化合物优选硫脲、苯基硫脲、二苯基硫脲、对甲苯基硫脲、邻甲苯基硫脲、酰基硫脲、氨基硫脲或缩氨基硫脲;所述的巯基化合物优选巯基乙酸或巯基乙酸盐、巯基丁二酸、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2-炔丙基巯基苯并咪唑、巯基噻二唑、二巯基噻二唑或巯基三唑类化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的蚀刻液中,每100克蚀刻液含有0-20克的络合剂,络合剂优选酒石酸钾钠、柠檬酸钠、EDTA钠盐、葡萄糖酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1所述的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的蚀刻液中,同时含有过氧化氢、过氧化氢尿素和过氧乙酸,同时含有弱有机酸、弱无机酸、酸性的无机盐和含弱酸的pH缓冲剂,或者同时含有氯化铜和氯化铁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的镀贵金属开关触点元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的阻镀层是耐水溶液的但容易被有机溶剂溶解或剥离、耐酸性溶液的但易于被碱性溶液溶解或剥离、或者耐碱性溶液但易于被酸性溶液溶解或剥离的有机聚合物材料。
7.一种镀贵金属的开关触点元件,用作开关的导电触点,能够接通电路板上的开关触点并导通电路,为厚度0.5-10mm、横截面面积0.8-80mm2的小圆柱粒、椭圆柱粒或棱柱粒的形状,具有多层的层状结构,其特征在于:
底层为橡胶;中间层为连续的和上表面被局部蚀刻的贱金属薄片层,上层为凸点状、条纹状或网格状的贵金属镀层,或凸点状和条纹状任意组合的贵金属镀层,或者为凸点状、条纹状或网格状的贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层;所述的贱金属镀层在贱金属薄片层与贵金属镀层之间;贱金属薄片层上表面是在局部镀有的贵金属镀层或贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层的覆盖下被蚀刻的;
所述的贱金属薄片的材质为镁、铝、钛、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、铌、锡、钼、钽、钨或者是它们中任意一种金属的合金;所述的贱金属薄片是单一的金属材质,或者是由不同的金属材质的层状复合形成的;所述的贱金属薄片的材质优选为不锈钢、镍或镍合金、铜或铜合金;
所述的贱金属镀层的材质是钛、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钼、钨或者它们中任意一种金属的合金,优选镍或镍合金、钴或钴合金;
所述的贵金属镀层的材质为:金、银、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂或者它们中任意一种金属的合金;所述的贵金属镀层的材质优选为银或金;
所述的橡胶层的材质是天然橡胶或合成橡胶;优选三元乙丙橡胶和硅橡胶;
所述的凸点是圆柱体、棱柱体、台柱体或横截面随柱轴变化的柱体,其顶面直径或外接圆的直径为0.1-2mm,相邻的凸点之间的间距为0.05-2mm;
所述的条纹是曲线或直线,相互之间是平行的或不平行的,平行的相邻的条纹之间的间距为0.1-2mm;条纹的宽度是可变的或固定的,宽度为0.02-2mm;
所述的网格的大小是可变的或固定的,网格之间的孔洞面积为0.05-5mm2,网格状组成网格的线条宽度为0.02-2mm;
所述的柱体、条纹、网格的高度是贵金属镀层厚度、贱金属镀层厚度和贱金属薄片蚀刻深度之和,数值在0.2μm-9.5mm之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的开关触点元件,其特征在于:所述橡胶是三元乙丙橡胶或硅橡胶,所述贱金属薄片的材质是不锈钢、镍或镍合金、铜或铜合金,所述的贱金属镀层的材质为镍或镍合金、钴或钴合金;所述贵金属的材质是纯度大于99%的金。
9.根据权利要求7所述的开关触点元件,其特征在于:所述的贱金属镀层和贵金属镀层的双金属镀层中贱金属镀层的厚度是贵金属镀层厚度的1.5-10倍。
10.根据权利要求7和8所述的开关触点元件,其特征在于:所述的金的镀层是由化学镀或电镀制备的。
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