CN103922856B - A kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus - Google Patents
A kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103922856B CN103922856B CN201410182786.3A CN201410182786A CN103922856B CN 103922856 B CN103922856 B CN 103922856B CN 201410182786 A CN201410182786 A CN 201410182786A CN 103922856 B CN103922856 B CN 103922856B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus, specifically comprising: cow dung 60 ~ 70 parts, 15 ~ 30 parts, fallen leaves, 10 ~ 15 parts, flyash, fine sand 3 ~ 5 parts, scale stone flour 5 ~ 10 parts, trace element 1 ~ 3 part.Wherein, described cow dung to be water content be 1 ~ 8% the fermentation cow dung become thoroughly decomposed completely, in digest process, add beans stalk powder 20 ~ 35%; Described fallen leaves are one or more in pine needle, Leaf of David Poplar, apricot leaf, leaf of pear tree, and preferred water content is the dead leaf of 20 ~ 35%, and fragmentation after gathering also extrudes, and then adds 10 ~ 15% vinegar residue fermented 8 ~ 15 days; Described trace element is manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid.The present invention adopts cow dung cold in nature to be main raw material, and by the larger flyash of specific surface area, scale stone flour, fine sand, dividing processing is carried out to cow dung, make it be in different interface structures, increase Gas permeability and porosity, the matrix of preparation is had advantages such as Gas permeability is high, water-intake rate is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation matrix technical field, particularly relating to a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus.
Background technology
Umbellate pore furgus, Aphyllophorales polyporaceae Ramalina medicinal fungi, edible when sporophore children is tender, taste is very delicious, its underground sclerotium black, various shapes, it is famous Chinese medicinal materials, diuresis is had to harness the river swollen effect, modern study shows, polyporusum bellatus that can be anticancer is contained in umbellate pore furgus, its main component is crude protein 7.89%, ether-soluble extractives 0.24%, robust fibre 46.06%, soluble sugar grade, and also containing free and mating type vitamin H, 2-hydroxyl-Lignoceric acid and ergosterol, is eat the multiplex fungi of medicine.Umbellate pore furgus tool happiness cool, gloomy, moistening, be afraid of arid characteristic.All grow under ground temperature 5 ~ 25 DEG C of conditions, producing region, northwest ground temperature is well-grown 17 ~ 19 DEG C time, sprouts when 10 DEG C, and when 22 DEG C, sporophore is open; And producing region, North China mean ground temperature just can be sprouted when reaching 9.5 DEG C, about 12 DEG C stylish Siberian cockleburs growths are expanded, and about 14 DEG C stylish Siberian cockleburs sprout many, individually increase fast, and be suitable for growth in soil moisture content 30 ~ 50%, pH value is 5 ~ 7 muck soilss, sandy loam.
At present, the report of relevant umbellate pore furgus cultivation is more, a kind ofly plants the method for umbellate pore furgus and the humic acid of plantation umbellate pore furgus as patent CN 102219612 A discloses; Patent CN 1403565 A discloses method and the substratum of fermentation method growth umbellate pore furgus; CN 102812854 A discloses a kind of umbellate pore furgus pure strain manually imitative wild cultivation technique.These patents can realize the object improving output, optimize quality, reduce costs, but, above-mentioned report adopts multiple farm manure to be mixed with matrix, and the matrix making it prepare is warm nature or hot, ignore umbellate pore furgus tremble with fear warm nature sprout feature, be unfavorable for the sprouting of umbellate pore furgus, and then affect seedling rate, and, the unreasonable mixing of multiple farm manure, not only matrix nutrient can not be improved, also the phenomenons such as nutrient degraded can be caused.
In conjunction with umbellate pore furgus tremble with fear warm nature sprout feature, pig manure, chicken manure are hot fertilizer, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, pile up or storage can produce heat, improve substrate temperature, be unfavorable for the sprouting of umbellate pore furgus; Cow dung is cold fertilizer, and can not generate heat because of process such as accumulations, temperature controllable, at about 10 DEG C, is beneficial to the sprouting of umbellate pore furgus.But, adopting cow dung to be matrix separately, then can cause the phenomenon that nutrient is on the low side, can supplement by adding urea, nitrogenous fertilizer etc., but the membership that adds of inorganic fertilizer causing matrix to harden, the problem of water-absorbent difference.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the deficiency overcoming existing umbellate pore furgus matrix, a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus is provided, in conjunction with the characteristic that umbellate pore furgus low temperature is sprouted, employing cow dung is main raw material, be additive by fallen leaves, flyash etc., make the matrix of preparation have the advantage of loose ventilative, good water absorption, homo(io)thermism.
For cultivating a cold warm nature matrix for umbellate pore furgus, it is characterized in that: with parts by weight, comprising following component:
Further, described cow dung is the fermentation cow dung become thoroughly decomposed completely, and its water content is 1 ~ 8%.
Further, described fallen leaves be in pine needle, Leaf of David Poplar, apricot leaf, leaf of pear tree any one or a few.
Further, described trace element is manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid.
Further, described cow dung adds beans stalk powder 20 ~ 35% in digest process.
Further, described fallen leaves to be water content be 20 ~ 35% dead leaf, brokenly after gathering also extrudes, the vinegar grain of then adding 10 ~ 15% carries out fermentation 8 ~ 15 days.
Further, the addition of described trace element is respectively: trace element manganese 1 ~ 3%, trace elements iron 3 ~ 8%, trace element magnesium 3 ~ 5%, trace element zinc 1 ~ 3%, trace copper 2 ~ 3%, boric acid 3 ~ 10%.
Said components is added respectively in mixing crushing machine, through broken, sieve after mix the cold warm nature matrix that can prepare for cultivating umbellate pore furgus, show through physico-chemical property test, total porosity is 70 ~ 84%, and breather hole porosity is 32 ~ 35%.
Inventive principle of the present invention and beneficial effect thereof:
Inventive principle: because cow dung is cold, long-term accumulation can not be generated heat, can the homoeostasis of holding temperature, but, cow dung is based on the impact of its moisture, make interface cohesion degree higher, space is few and little, Gas permeability and thermal diffusivity are subject to restriction more or less, in order to address this problem, the present invention carries out " segmentation " process by the large fine sand of specific surface area, flyash, scale stone flour to cow dung, makes it be in different interfaces, formed in hierarchical structure straggly, thus reach the object increasing Gas permeability, thermal diffusivity.
Can be found out by foregoing invention principle, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) cow dung cold in nature is adopted to be main raw material, can the homoeostasis of holding temperature, can not generate heat because accumulation waits process, for the umbellate pore furgus of low temperature sprouting, there is good temperature environment, germination rate can be increased;
2) adopt specific surface area larger flyash, fine sand and scale stone flour to carry out " segmentation " process to cow dung, make cow dung be on the different structural interface of level, increase Gas permeability and thermal diffusivity further, optimize the homoiothermy of cow dung matrix;
3) adopt vinegar residue fermented fallen leaves to carry out nutrient to supplement, the object regulating matrix pH value can be reached, increase again the organic content of matrix, improve matrix utilization ratio.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but does not limit interest field.
Embodiment 1
For cultivating a cold warm nature matrix for umbellate pore furgus, with parts by weight, comprise following component:
Cow dung 60 parts, 15 parts, fallen leaves, 10 parts, flyash, fine sand 3 parts, scale stone flour 5 parts, trace element 1 part.
Wherein, described cow dung is the fermentation cow dung become thoroughly decomposed completely, and its water content is 1 ~ 8%; Described fallen leaves are Leaf of David Poplar, apricot leaf, leaf of pear tree; Described trace element is manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid; Described cow dung adds beans stalk powder 20% in digest process; Described fallen leaves to be water content be 20% dead leaf, brokenly after gathering also extrudes, the vinegar grain of then adding 10% carries out fermentation 8 days.
The addition of described trace element is respectively: trace element manganese 1%, trace elements iron 3%, trace element magnesium 3%, trace element zinc 1%, trace copper 2%, boric acid 3%.
Said components is added respectively in mixing crushing machine, through broken, sieve after mix the cold warm nature matrix that can prepare for cultivating umbellate pore furgus, show through physico-chemical property test, total porosity is 73%, and breather hole porosity is 32%.
Embodiment 2
For cultivating a cold warm nature matrix for umbellate pore furgus, with parts by weight, comprise following component:
Cow dung 65 parts, 25 parts, fallen leaves, 13 parts, flyash, fine sand 4 parts, scale stone flour 8 parts, trace element 2 parts.
Wherein, described cow dung is the fermentation cow dung become thoroughly decomposed completely, and its water content is 1 ~ 8%; Described fallen leaves are pine needle, Leaf of David Poplar, apricot leaf, leaf of pear tree; Described trace element is manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid; Described cow dung adds beans stalk powder 30% in digest process; Described fallen leaves to be water content be 30% dead leaf, brokenly after gathering also extrudes, the vinegar grain of then adding 13% carries out fermentation 12 days.
The addition of described trace element is respectively: trace element manganese 2%, trace elements iron 5%, trace element magnesium 4%, trace element zinc 2%, trace copper 2.5%, boric acid 5%.
Said components is added respectively in mixing crushing machine, through broken, sieve after mix the cold warm nature matrix that can prepare for cultivating umbellate pore furgus, show through physico-chemical property test, total porosity is 82%, and breather hole porosity is 35%.
For cultivating a cold warm nature matrix for umbellate pore furgus, with parts by weight, comprise following component:
Cow dung 70 parts, 30 parts, fallen leaves, 15 parts, flyash, fine sand 5 parts, scale stone flour 10 parts, trace element 3 parts.
Wherein, described cow dung is the fermentation cow dung become thoroughly decomposed completely, and its water content is 1 ~ 8%; Described fallen leaves be in pine needle, Leaf of David Poplar, apricot leaf, leaf of pear tree any one or a few; Described trace element is manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid; Described cow dung adds beans stalk powder 35% in digest process; Described fallen leaves to be water content be 35% dead leaf, brokenly after gathering also extrudes, the vinegar grain of then adding 15% carries out fermentation 15 days.
The addition of described trace element is respectively: trace element manganese 3%, trace elements iron 8%, trace element magnesium 5%, trace element zinc 3%, trace copper 3%, boric acid 10%.
Said components is added respectively in mixing crushing machine, through broken, sieve after mix the cold warm nature matrix that can prepare for cultivating umbellate pore furgus, show through physico-chemical property test, total porosity is 77%, and breather hole porosity is 33%.
In order to verify the actual effect of matrix of the present invention, be described by blank's test.
1) choose best in quality, that state of health is good 200, umbellate pore furgus seed, be divided into A, B two groups, purchased from positive umbellate pore furgus industry development company of Liuba County, the Shaanxi Qin.
2) be positioned in substrate disk by matrix prepared by the present invention, addition is 2/3 of disk volume, then places it in the high greenhouse of the shading rate of temperature control 15 ~ 18 DEG C, sprays moisture and makes its relative air humidity be 20 ~ 30%;
3) by the A group umbellate pore furgus planting seed chosen in above-mentioned substrate plate, every bunch planting kind 1, seed spacing is 10cm; B group planting seed in conventional soil, every bunch planting kind 1, seed spacing is 10cm;
4) through about 3 ~ 5 days, umbellate pore furgus starts to sprout, and sprouts completely when 7 days, and now regulating the room temperature is 19 ~ 25 DEG C and atmospheric moisture 14%, and number upgrowth situation sprouted in record, the results are shown in following table 1.
Table 1-seed germination rate
As can be seen from Table 1, adopt substrate seedling of the present invention, its seed germination rate comparatively traditional method improves 8%, reach 100%, and sprout time foreshortens to 3 ~ 7 days in about 10 days from traditional method, shorten the growth cycle of umbellate pore furgus, because subsequent growth needs the long period, the present invention no longer too much studies.
Claims (7)
1. for cultivating a cold warm nature matrix for umbellate pore furgus, it is characterized in that: with parts by weight, comprising following component: cow dung 60 ~ 70 parts, 15 ~ 30 parts, fallen leaves, 10 ~ 15 parts, flyash, fine sand 3 ~ 5 parts, scale stone flour 5 ~ 10 parts, trace element 1 ~ 3 part.
2. a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described cow dung is the fermentation cow dung become thoroughly decomposed completely, and its water content is 1 ~ 8%.
3. a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described fallen leaves be in pine needle, Leaf of David Poplar, apricot leaf, leaf of pear tree any one or a few.
4. a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described trace element is manganese, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and boric acid.
5. a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described cow dung adds beans stalk powder 20 ~ 35% in digest process.
6. a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described fallen leaves to be water content be 20 ~ 35% dead leaf, brokenly after gathering also extrudes, the vinegar grain of then adding 10 ~ 15% carries out fermentation 8 ~ 15 days.
7. a kind of cold warm nature matrix for cultivating umbellate pore furgus as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the addition of described trace element is respectively: trace element manganese 1 ~ 3%, trace elements iron 3 ~ 8%, trace element magnesium 3 ~ 5%, trace element zinc 1 ~ 3%, trace copper 2 ~ 3%, boric acid 3 ~ 10%.
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| CN104718984B (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2018-04-10 | 甘肃天水岐黄药业有限责任公司 | A kind of umbellate pore furgus cultural method based on astragalus root dregs |
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| CN109804893A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-28 | 丹阳市陵口镇庙头土地股份专业合作社 | A kind of dedicated compost of Poria cocos |
| CN109328859A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-15 | 两当兴源中药饮片有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cultivating high quality umbellate pore furgus |
| CN112840949B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-05-27 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Artificial cultivation method of polyporus umbellatus |
| CN116924856A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-24 | 山西大学 | Preparation method of solid waste base artificial soil |
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