CN1038929C - 具有邻位络合官能度的螯合剂及其复合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
具有邻位络合官能度的螯合剂及其复合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1038929C CN1038929C CN89108398A CN89108398A CN1038929C CN 1038929 C CN1038929 C CN 1038929C CN 89108398 A CN89108398 A CN 89108398A CN 89108398 A CN89108398 A CN 89108398A CN 1038929 C CN1038929 C CN 1038929C
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- amino
- carboxymethyl
- acid
- ethyl
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
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Abstract
本文公开了具有邻位络合官能度的官能化胺螯合剂的制备方法,该螯合剂与稀土金属离子形成复合物。该复合物可以以共价键与抗体或抗体片段连接,并用于治疗和/或诊断目的。另外,在组合中可使用某些螯合剂-放射性核素复合物用作钙化瘤和/或缓解骨痛的治疗剂和/或诊断剂。
Description
本发明涉及具有邻位络合官能度的螯合剂,它们的复合物和结合物,及其制备方法,以及将它们用于配方,和将它们用于诊断和/或治疗癌症的方法。
巳知具有官能度的螯合剂或双官能度配位体能够以共价键的形式结合到对癌或肿瘤细胞表位或抗原具有特异性的抗体上。这类抗体/螯合剂结合物放射性核素复合物可以将放射性核素传递到癌或肿瘤细胞上,由此,可用于癌症的诊断和/或治疗。参见:Meareset al,Anal Biochem.142,68-78,(1984);和Krejcareket al,Biochem and Biophys Res Comm,77,581-585(1977)。
近几年来,文献中报导并研究了多种氨基羧酸螯合剂。典型的氨基羧酸是:次氮基三乙酸(NTA),乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸(HEDTA),二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA),和反式-1,2-环己二胺四乙酸(DCTA)。已经报导并制备了为数众多的氨基羧酸为基础的双官能度螯合剂。例如,文献中已报导了DTPA的混合环化二酸酐(Hnatowichet al,Science,220,613-615,1983;美国专利4,479,930号),DTPA的羧基碳酸酐(Gansow,美国专利4,454,106号和4,472,509号;Krejcarek et al,Biochem and Biophys Res Comm.77,581-585,1977。当上述酸酐偶合到蛋白上时,通过形成一个酰胺键进行偶合,因此,二亚乙基三胺(DETA)主链上原有的五个羧甲基还剩下四个(Hnatowich et al,Int.J.Appl.Isot.33,327-332,1982)。另外,美国专利4,432,907号和4,352,751号公开了用于将金属离子键合到“诸如有机靶分子或抗体之类的有机体上的双官能度螯合剂。如上所述,通过利用二氨基四乙酸二酸酐形成酰氨基团完成偶合。酸酐的例子包括下述各酸的二酸酐:EDTA,DCTA,亚丙基二胺四乙酸,亚苯基1,2-二胺四乙酸。最近,美国专利4,647,447号公开了几种用于各种诊断技术的由复合酸阴离子形成的复合盐。该文介绍了通过复合酸羧基的结合作用实现以酰胺键的连接。
在文献中还详细地介绍过另一类以氨基羧酸官能度为基础的双官能度螯合剂。Sundberg等人在“J.of Med Chem.17(12),1304(1974)”中公开了EDTA的双官能度同系物。具有代表性的这类化合物是:1-(对硝基苯基)乙二胺四乙酸,1-(对氨基苯基)乙二胺四乙酸和1-(对重氮苯)乙二胺四乙酸。该文讨论了通过对位取代基与蛋白的结合,以及将放射活性金属离子键合到螯合基团上。在Biochem.Biophys.ResComm.75(1),149(1977)和美国专利3,994,966号和4,043,998号中也公开了这类化合物。其最重要的一点是:通过乙二胺主链的碳将芳基连接到EDTA的结构上。美国专利4,622,420号公开了以EDTA,HEDTA和DTPA为基础的具有光学活性的双官能度螯合剂。该文还介绍了通过亚乙胺主链的碳将氨基羧酸官能度连接到双官能团螯合分子的其余部分。在这些化合物中,通过亚烷基将芳香基团(含有连接到蛋白上所需的官能度)连接到含有螯合官能度的多胺的碳上。有关这类化合物的其他参考文献包括:Brechbiel et al Inorg Chem.25,2772-2781(1986),美国专利4,647,447号和国际出版号为WO 86/06384的PCT申请。最近,美国专利4,678,667号公开了某些大环双官能度螯合剂以及它们的铜盐螯合结合物在诊断或治疗中的应用。通过环状多胺主链上的环碳原子将氨基羧酸官能度连接到双官能度螯合分子的其余部分。因此,一端与环状多胺的碳原子连接的连接体,其另一端也可以连接到能与蛋白质反应的官能团上。
另一类有价值的双官能度螯合剂是下述化合物:化合物的螯合部分(即,氨基羧酸)通过氮原子连接到含有能与蛋白质反应的分子的官能团上。例如,Mikola等人在PCT申请出版物(国际出版编号WO 84/03698,9/27/1984出版)中公开了通过下述反应制得的双官能度螯合剂:先由对硝基苄基溴与DETA反应,然后与溴代乙酸反应,形成氨基羧酸。将硝基还原成相应的氨基,然后与硫光气反应转化为硫代异氰酸基。这些化合物是双官能度螯合剂,它们可以与生物有机分子结合,用作能与镧系元素螯合的诊断剂。由于氨基羧酸中的一个氮原子将分子连接到该连接体的某一位置,那么就失去了用于螯合的一个潜在的氨基羧基。因此,制得了含有四个(不是五个)酸基的DETA一基质双官能度螯合剂。就此而言,这类双官能度螯合剂类似于通过酰氨基连接到蛋白上并随之失去羧基螯合度团的那些化合物。
在“J.Radioanalytical Chem.57(12),553-564(1980)”中,Paik等人公开了:采用对硝基苄基溴与“保护的”二亚乙基三胺〔即,二-(2-苯邻二甲酰亚胺乙基)胺〕反应,然后去保护,并使用氯乙酸羧甲基化,由此得到N′-对硝基苄基二亚乙基三胺N,N,N″,N″-四乙酸。另外,由于是通过氮原子相连,则得到四乙酸衍生物。该文讨论了双官能度螯合剂的结合作用和与铟的螯合作用。Eckelman等人在“J.Pharm Sci 64(4),(1975)”中还介绍了在氮原子上的取代反应,即,在羧甲基化前由胺(例如,亚乙基二胺或二亚乙基三胺)与适宜的烷基溴反应。这类化合物可成为有效的“放射药物显影剂”。
最近,Carney,Rogers,Johnson公开了题为“体内高级组织不摄取铟111标记的抗体:给裸鼠模型同时服用铟-111和碘-125标记的B72.3”和“螯合剂齿合性在裸鼠体内对铟-111标记的B72.3免疫结合物生物分布的影响”的文摘(第三届单克隆抗体国际会议,圣地亚哥,加利福尼亚,1988年2月,4-6日)。该文讨论了铟-111与EDTA和DTPA双官能度螯合剂络合后的生物分布情况。通过乙酸基使芳香环与EDTA/DTPA残基连接。在此之前,Hunt等人在美国专利4,088,747号和4,091,088号(1978)中公开了以亚乙基二胺二乙酸(EDDA)为基础的螯合剂,其中,通过亚烷基或乙酸基使芳香环与EDDA残基相连。据介绍,该类化合物可作为螯合剂用于研究肝胆管的功能。优选金属是锝-99m。另据介绍,铟-111和铟-113也可用作显影的放射性核素。
Martell等人在“Inorganica Chemica Acta 138,215-230(1987)”中公开了用于治疗地中海贫血的铁螯合剂。所采用的配位体是具有以下特性的EDTA的同系物:带有氨基和羧酸基供电子基团,或者具有其他供电子基团,例如:取代在吡啶环上的酚基;另外含有酚和氨基供电子基团的氨基膦酸或酯基;含有羧酸酯和/或酚供电子基团的大环多胺;三异羟肟酸;三儿茶酚;以及含有同向酰胺基的多齿配位体。
对癌症患者来说,骨转移瘤病变是经常发生的灾难性事件。疼痛,病变性骨折,经常性神经病学缺陷,以其由这些骨转移瘤损伤引起强制性不动性给癌症患者的生活带来了极大困难。由于患有乳腺癌,肺癌或前列腺癌的所有患者中近50%最终都会发展成骨转移瘤,因此,患有骨转移瘤疾病的患者数目是巨大的。在患有肾癌、甲状腺癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌和其他肿瘤的病人中也可见到骨转移瘤,总之,这就表明不足20%的患者会发展成骨转移瘤。骨转移癌对生命威胁极大,在发现骨损伤后存活数年的患者纯属偶然。最初治疗目标集中于缓解疼痛,减少麻醉治疗,增加行走。显然,人们还是期望能够治愈某些癌症。
采用放射性核素治疗骨转移癌可以追遡到50年代初。据报导,以适宜的形式注射发射放射性粒子的核素,用以治疗钙化损伤。最理想的是将这类核素集中于骨损伤的区域,而将到达软组织和正常骨骼的量降至最低。已采用了放射性磷(P-32和P-33)化合物,但其核性质及生物定位性质限制了这些化合物的利用。〔Kaplan,E,et al,J Nuc Med.1(1),1,(1960);(美国专利3,965,254号)〕。
治疗骨癌的另一方法就是采用含有硼残基的磷化合物。将这些化合物注入体内(静脉注射),并在骨骼系统积累。然后用中子幅射治疗区域,借以激活硼,由此得到治疗放射剂量(美国专利4,399,817号)。
在前述方法中,以不严重损伤正常组织为前提而使肿瘤达到治疗剂量是不可能的。在许多情况下,尤其对骨转移瘤损伤而言,肿瘤巳扩散到整个骨骼系统,截肢或放射治疗都是不切实的(Seminars in Nuclear Medicine IX(2),April,1979)。
也报导过采用Re-186与二磷酸盐制成的复合物。〔Mathieu,L et al,Int J.App.Rad.& Isot 30,725-727(1979);Weinenger,J,Ketri,A.R,et al,J.Nuc Med 24(5),125(1983)〕。但是制备和纯化这一复合物的困难限制了它的广泛应用。
另外还报导过将锶-89用于治疗骨转移瘤损伤的患者。但是,它的缺点是半衰期长(50.4天),血药浓度高,损伤/正常骨骼比低。〔Firusian,N,Mellin,P,Schmidt,C.G ,TheJournal of Urology,116,764,(1976);Schmidt,C.G,Firusian,N,Int.J.Clin Pharmacol,93,199-205(1974)〕。
据报导,采用I-131标记的α-氨基-(3-碘-4-羟基苯亚甲基)二磷酸酯可以比较缓解地治疗骨转移瘤〔Eisenhut,M,J.Nuc Med 25(12),1356-1361,(1984)〕。众所周知,由于碘有可能滞留在甲状腺内,所以采用放射性碘作为治疗放射性核素是不理想的。Eisenhut的研究表明:碘化物是该化合物可能的代谢产物之一。另外,由碘化反应所残留的,以及在清洗过程中未分离的任何I-131都会构成对甲状腺的威胁。
据认为,氨基羧酸可螯合金属离子,它与碱土金属,过渡金属系可形成十分稳定的螯合物。
O′Mara等人(J Nuc Med 10,49-51,1969)已经制得了氨基羧酸与稀土金属(螯合比10∶1)的复合物,发现它们具有良好的骨骼作用,并试图将它们用作骨骼诊断剂。除了骨骼摄取量高外,还发现在肌肉和/或肝脏中幅射量很高。经评价认为,在稀土核素中Sm-153和Er-171最适宜用作人体显影剂。但未提及将这些试剂用作治疗剂。
Rosoff,B等人(Int J App Rad and Isot 14,129-135(1963)〕公开了EDTA,NTA与某些放射性核素形成的复合物,所述核素包括:Sc-46,y-91,La-140,Sm-153。该文揭示了这类复合物稳定常数与排泄的关系。螯合剂与金属的摩尔比为5∶1,并发现,在肝脏,脾,肾,肺和骨中放射浓度高。
本发明涉及新的具有邻位络合官能度的螯合剂,该螯合剂与金属,尤其是具有稀土型化学性质的“放射性”金属形成复合物。优选的放射性金属包括:钐-153(153Sm),钬-166(166Ho),钇-90(90y),钷-149(149Pm),钆-159(159Gd),镧-140(140La),镥-177(177Lu),镱-175(175Yb),钪-47(47Sc),镨-142(142Pr)。就治疗和/或诊断用途而言,按上述方法形成的复合物本身即可使用,或者也可以将它们连接到抗体或抗体片段上使用。可以将上述复合物和/或结合物配成制剂,在体内或体外应用。经过配制的结合物之优选用途是治疗动物,尤其是人体的癌症。
另外,以组合物形式使用某些螯合剂一放射性核素复合物,可成为有效的钙化肿瘤的治疗剂和/或诊断剂,和/或作为缓解骨痛的有效治疗剂。
Z是能与抗体或抗体片段或合成连接体以共价键相连的亲电或亲核性残基,该合成连接体不能妨碍与放射性核素的复合反应,并可可以连接到抗体或抗体片段上,
X是氢,C1-3烷基或CR3R4COOH;
R1,R2,R3和R4各自独立为氢,羟基,CO2H或C1-3烷基;
R5是氢或(CR1R2)nCR3R4B;
B代表直链或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺,其中至少有一个胺氢原子被CR3R4CO2H基团取代;
n是0或1。
最好将羧基(如果有的话)连接到从B基团氮数起第一或第二个碳原子上(即:螯合剂部分氮的α或β-碳原子)。在优选的式(I)化合物中,n是0;或R1,R2,R3和R4各自是氢;或n是0和R3或R4之一是氢,而另一个则是COOH;或X是氢。当以双官能度螯合剂使用该螯合物时,那么Z最好是氨基,硫代异氰酸基,氨基脲,硫代氨基脲,羧基,溴代乙酰氨基或马来酰亚胺基。
式中Z′是氢,NH2,NO2,NH((O)CH3或NCR′)2,其中R′是氢或C1-3烷基;
X是氢,C1-3烷基或CR3R4COOH;
R1′是氢或COOH;
R′3R′4和R′5各自是氢或CR3R4COOH,其前提是R′1,R′3,R′4和R′5中至少有一个是氢。
式中Z′是氢,NH2,NO2,NHC(O)CH3,N(R′)2,其中R′是氢或C1-3烷基,
X是氢,C1-8烷基或CR3R4COOH;
R′1和R′2各自是氢或COOH,其前提是至少有一个COOH;R′3,R′4,R′5和R′6各自是氢或CR3R4COOH,其前提是至少有3个CR3R4COOH。
本发明还涉及放射性金属离子复合物,尤其是放射性稀土型金属离子复合物,还涉及由上述复合物与抗体或抗体片段形成的结合物。另外,本发明还包括合有本发明所述螯合剂-放射性核素复合物和/或结合物以及药物上可以接受载体的制剂。在这些配方中的药物上可接受的载体一般是液体。本发明还包括通过给哺乳动物服用有效量的上述制剂诊断或治疗疾病,尤其是癌症的方法。
本文所采用的下述术语的定义为:
就Z而言,“亲电性残基”包括(但不限于)硫代异氰酸基,溴代乙酰氨基,马来酰亚胺基,亚氨酸酯基,硫代苯邻二甲酰亚胺基,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯基,吡啶基二硫基,苯基偶氮基;适宜的“亲核性残基”包括(但不限于)羧基,酰基肼,氨基脲,硫代氨基脲;“合成连接体”包括能与抗体或抗体片段以共价键相连的任何合成的有机或无机连接体,优选的合成连接体是:在患者血清内是稳定的,但在放射性同位素清除的器官内具有潜在的酶降解作用,即,生物可降解的合成连接体,例如,生物可降解多肽或含多肽的基团。在亲电性残基中,优选的是硫代异氰酸基,溴化乙酰胺基,马来酰亚胺基;特别优选的是硫代异氰酸基;在亲核性残基中,优选者是氨基,羧基,氨基脲,硫代氨基脲,特别优选的是氨基或羧基。Z的性质和/或位置不应明显地妨碍螯合反应。如果最终用途不涉及将螯合物连接到蛋白上,Z也可以是非反应性残基,例如,H,NO2,NHC(O)CH3,NR′2(其中R′是H或C1-3烷基)。
术语“C1-3烷基“包括甲基,乙基,正丙基和异丙基。
术语“直链或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺”意指至少含有1个(通常是多于1个)氮原子的直链或支链烷基。
本文所采用的术语“哺乳动物”意指通过乳腺分泌奶液哺乳其后代的动物,最好是温血动物,最理想的是人。
“抗体”意指任何多克隆,单克隆,嵌合抗体或异种抗体,最好是单克隆抗体;“抗体片段”包括Fab片段和F(ab′)2片段,以及对所期某个表位或多个表位具有特异性的抗体中的任何部分。当采用术语“放射性金属螯合剂/抗体结合物”或“结合物”时,“抗体”包括整个抗体和/或抗体片段,其中包括它们的半合成或基因工程突变体。优选的抗体是CC-49和像Fab和F(ab′)2之类的抗体片段。其他可能的抗体是CC-83和B72.3。杂交细胞系B72.3保存于美国标准菌库(ATCC),其登记号为ATCC HB8108。其他鼠类单克隆抗体具有TAG-72表位,与肿瘤有关的抗原。
本文所采用的“放射性金属复合物”或“复合物”意指本发明化合物,如,式(I)化合物,与稀土型金属离子,尤其是放射性稀土型金属离子络合而成的复合物,其中至少有一个金属原子被整合或隔离;“放射性金属离子螯合体/抗体结合物”或“放射性金属离子结合物”意指以共价键连接到抗体或抗体片段上的放射性金属离子结合物;“放射性”,当该词与“金属离子”一词连用时,意指能发射粒子和/或光子的稀土型元素的一种或多种同位素,例如,153Sm,166Ho,90Y,149Pm,159Gd,140La,177Lu,175Yb,17Sc和142Pr。术语“双官能度配位体”,“双官能度螯合剂”和“官能化螯合剂”可以交替使用,并且意指:含有螯合剂残基的化合物,所述螯合剂残基能够以共价键的形式将金属离子和连接体/隔断体残基连接到所述螯合剂残基上,该残基以共价键连连接到抗体或抗体片段上。
本文所采用的“药物上可以接受的盐”意指绝对无毒的,可用于诊断或治疗哺乳动物疾病的式(I)化合物的任何盐。因此,本发明所述的盐是有用的。通过标准反应,由有机和无机试剂形成的这些盐包括:例如,硫酸盐,盐酸盐,磷酸盐,乙酸盐,琥珀酸盐,柠檬酸盐,乳酸盐,马来酸盐,富马酸盐,棕榈酸盐,胆酸盐,双羟萘酸盐,粘酸盐,谷氨酸盐,d-樟脑酸盐,戊二酸盐,乙醇酸盐,苯二甲酸盐,酒石酸盐,甲酸盐,月桂酸盐,硬脂酸盐,水杨酸盐,甲磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,山梨酸盐,苦味酸盐,苯甲酸盐,内桂酸盐和其他适宜的酸式盐。通过标准反应,由有机或无机试剂形成的其他盐包括:例如,铵盐,碱金属离子盐,碱土金属离子盐,和其他类似的离子盐。特别优选的式(I)化合物的盐是:钾盐,钠盐,铵盐或它们的混合物。
本文所述双官能度螯合剂(由式(I)代表,可用于螯合或隔离稀土型金属离子,尤其是放射性稀土型金属离子,由此形成金属离子螯合物(本文称之为“复合物”)。由于有官能度残基(由式(I)的“Z”代表),可将上述复合物连按到官能化载体上,例如,官能化聚合物载体,或者,最好以共价键连接到抗体或抗体片段上。因此,可将本发明所述复合物以共价键连接到抗体或抗体片段上,并在本文中称之为“结合物”。
用于本发明所述结合物的抗体或抗体片段可由本领域众所周知的技术制得。通过本领域周知的杂交技术可以制得高特异性的单克隆抗体,参见:Kohler and Milstein〔Nature 256,495-497(1975);and Eur J Immunol 6511-519(1976)〕。这类抗体一般具有很高的特异反应性。在以抗体作为靶目标的放射性金属离子结合物中,可采用与任何所期抗原或半抗原相对应的抗体。在放射性金属离子结合物中所采用的抗体最好是对某个或多个所期表位具有高度特异性的单克隆抗体或其片段。本发明所采用的抗体可以直接抗肿瘤,细菌,霉菌,病毒,寄生虫,支原菌,differentiation和其他细胞膜抗原,病原体表面抗原,毒素,酶,过敏原,药物以及生物活性分子。某些抗体或抗体片段的例子是:CC-11,CC-15,CC-30,CC-46,CC-49F(ab1)2,CC-49,CC-83,CC-83F(ab1)2,CC-92和B72.3.〔CC-49,CC-83和B72.3抗体参见:D Colcher et al,Cancer Res 48,4597-4603(1988年8月15日)〕。下述CC抗体保存于ATCC:CC-11(HB9455);CC-15(HB.9460);CC-30(HB.9457);CC-46(HB.9458);CC-49(HB.9459);CC-83(HB.9453);CC-92(HB.9454);B72.3(HB.8108)。美国专利4,193,983号给出了更详尽的抗原。本发明所述放射性金属离子螯合物/抗体结合物特别适用于诊断治疗各种癌症。
下式代表本发明优选的稀土型(镧系元素或伪镧系元素)复合物:
C〔Ln(BFC)〕其中,Ln是稀土金属(镧)离子,例如,Ce3+,Pr3+,Nd3+,Pm3+,Sm3+,Eu3+,Gd3+,Tb3+,Dy3+,Ho3+,Er3+,Tm3+Yb3+,Lu3+,或者是伪镧系金属离子,例如,Sc3+,Y3+和La3+;BFC代表双官能度螯合剂;C代表有足够的电荷使整个复合物呈中性的药物上可以接受的离子或离子团。如果BFC含有四个或更多的负电荷残基,那么C是阳离子或阳离子基团,例如,H+,Li+,Na+,K+,Rb+,Cs+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+,Ra2+,NH4 +,N(CH3)4 +,N(C2H5)4 + ,N(C3H7)4 +,N(C4H9)4 +,As(C6H5)4 +,〔(C6H5)3P=〕2N+和其他质子化胺。如果BFC含有3个负电荷残基,那么不需要C。如果BFC含有2个负电荷残基,那么C是阴离子,例如:F-, Cl-,Br-,I-,ClO4 -,BF4 -,H2PO4 -,HCO3 -,HCO2 -,CH3SO3 -,H3C-C6H4-SO3 -,PF6 -,CH3CO2 -和B(C6H5)4 -。
本发明化合物与生理上可以接受的载体或赋形剂一道使用。制备这些制剂的方法是众所周知的,所述制剂可以是混悬液,注射液或其他适宜的制剂。可采用生理上可以接受的悬浮介质,加或不加辅药均可。
治疗“有效量”的制剂。剂量根据所治疗的疾病改变。尽管可采用本发明制剂进行体外诊断,但也可采用本发明制剂辅之以体内诊断。在放射免疫导向的外科治疗(RIGS)中,也可采用本发明所述结合物及制剂;但是,可用于这一目的的其他金属包括:99mTc,111In,113nIn,67Ga和68Ga。
当将本发明所述螯合剂-放射性核素复合物用于治疗骨癌时,必须满足某些标准。尽管放射性核素的性质是重要的,但含有放射性核素-螯合剂复合物的组合物之总体性质则是决定性因素。无论是借助于配位体还是借助于放射性核素的一个或多个优点可克服任一性能的缺点,但是以组合物的形式使用时必须将二者结合起来考虑。
下文讨论在选择本发明组合物所使用的任何具体的放射性核素与配位体结合(即,复合物)所必须考虑的那些标准。如果不采用适量过量的本发明所述配位体,则放射性核素-螯合剂复合物不可能用于治疗目的,或者无效。
因此,组合物必须遵循下述标准才能给钙化肿瘤提供治疗的放射剂量而又使抵软组织的放射剂量控制在最低点。
必须使放射核素尽量抵达骨组织而不到软组织。更具体地讲,肝摄取或血摄取均是不希望的。
应该从非骨性组织中迅速干净地除去放射性核素,以免对这类组织造成不必要的损害,例如,它应该从血液中迅速而干净地除去。
某些本发明组合物的推荐用途是治疗动物的钙化肿瘤。本文所称的“钙化肿瘤”包括原发瘤,即,骨骼系统是涉及的第一位点;骨转移癌,即,肿瘤从原发位置(如:前列腺和乳腺)扩散进骨骼系统。本发明提供了一种通过施用治疗放射剂取得对钙化瘤的以下疗效的方法:缓解疼痛和/或减小体积,和/或抑制生长和/或扩散,或者使肿瘤消退和/或消灭肿瘤。
可按单一剂量或分次剂量长时间服用该组合物。必须将足够量的放射性核素送至肿瘤,以便获得上述疗效。
本发明所述某些螯合剂的其他用途包括:从体内除去不希望的金属(如:铁),磁性共振造影(magnetic resonce imag-ing),为各种目的连接到聚合载体上(例如,用作诊断剂),通过选择性提取除去镧系金属或伪镧系金属离子。除了将放射性核素送至钙化位点外,金属配位复合物还具有分离骨髓的作用(即:骨髓移植)。
可采用多种方法生产放射性核素。在核反应器中,用中子轰击核素即可获得放射性核素,如:
Sm-152+中子→Sm-153+γ
获得放射性核素的另一方法是采用由线性型加速器或回旋加速器产生的粒子轰击核素。还有一种方法是从裂变产物混合物中分离放射性核素,对获得本发明所用核素的方法来说并无严格要求。
本文所公开的螯合剂可按照本领域公知的方法制备。参见:“螯合剂和金属螯合物”Dwyer&Mellor,AcademicPress(1964),第7章,另参见制备氨基酸的方法,“氨基酸的合成生产和利用”(edited by Kameko,et al)Johnwiley&Sons(1974)。
当Z(式中)为亲电性残基时,可按本领域已知方法制得。参见:Acc Chem Res 17 202-209(1984)。
用于制备式I,II或III螯合物的某些方法是:
Z是能与抗体或抗体片段或合成连接体以共价键相连接的亲电或亲核素性残基,该合成连接体不能妨碍与放射性核素的复合反应,而且可以连接在抗体或抗体片段上,
X是氢;
R6是氢或(CR1R2)nCR3R4T,其中R1,R2,R3和R4各自独立为氢,羟基,CO2H或C1-3烷基,n是0或1,T代表线型或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺,其中至少有一个氨基氢已被CR3R4CO2H基团取代;
B代表式中至少有一个氨基氢的线型或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺;
B)在pH9(或更高),在苛性碱存在下,于20℃(或更低)由步骤(A)所得产物与卤代(CR1R2)nCR3R4酸反应,得到式中R1,R2,R3和R4中至少有一个是CO2H的式I,II或III化合物;
C)用NaOH的水溶液水解式中Z是NHC(O)CH3的步骤(B产物,得到式中Z是NH2的式I,II或III产物;
D)在pH9(或更高),于20℃(或更低),在苛性碱中,由步骤(A)产物与乙醇腈反应,然后用Hcl的水溶液使氰基水解,得到式中R1,R2,R3和R4中至少有一个是CO2H的式I,II或III产物;
E)用DCl和D2O,通过加热,将式中Z是NHC(O)CH3的步骤(A)产物水解,得到式中Z是NH2的式I,II或III产物;
F)使式中Z是NH2的步骤(A)至(E)中的任一步骤所得产物与二氯硫化碳反应,得到式中Z是硫代异氰酸基的式I,II或III产物。
上述各步反应所用的条件和试剂如下:当温度为“20℃(或更低)”时,通常采用冰/水浴,“加热”通常指回流或室温以上的温度;优选的“苛性碱”是氢氧化钠,但是,任何可维持所期pH而又不损害反应产物的碱都是可以接受的;“适宜的溶剂”是指情性的,能够溶解各反应产物的溶剂,例如,水,醇(如:甲醇);可采用任何惯用方法分离所期产物,例如,从溶剂(如:丙酮)中沉淀。
采用惯用方法制备式I,II或III的复合物,例如,在螯合剂隔离金属的条件下使螯合剂与金属反应。通常螯合剂过量于金属。
采用惯用方法制备式I,II或III的结合物,例如,使复合物以共价键连接于抗体或抗体片段。
下列实施例意在过过本发明的纯应用实施例对本发明作进一步说明。表I中示出了符合通式1化合物的结构式。实施例A 不对称乙二胺二乙酸的制备
将去离子水(60.6g),98%的N-乙酰基乙二胺(20.4g,0.2mole),和溴乙酸(155.7g,0.4mole)加到反应器中,并用冰-水浴冷却之。搅拌下,用25%的NaOH溶液将该混合物调至约pH8.1。在加苛性碱期间将混合物的温度维持在20℃以下。除去冰-水浴,加入25%的NaOH溶液以使pH维持在7和8之间。用冰-水浴定时冷却,将温度控制在37℃以下。搅拌该反应混合物,时间为31小时左右,然后移至装有水冷回流冷凝器、磁力搅拌棒、温度计、加料漏斗和加热套的园底反应烧瓶中。加入NaOH溶液(40.1g,50%),将该混合物搅拌,加热回流约15小时,然后冷却,用玻璃沙芯漏斗减压过滤,将滤液定量移(用去离子水)至烧杯中,并用冰-浴冷却至25℃以下,搅拌下加入去离子水(100ml),用浓盐酸将pH调至约4,同时使温度保持在25℃以下,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤该混合物,将约1200ml乙醇加到大烧杯中,用磁力搅拌棒搅拌,将上述滤液加到乙醇中,充分混合,出现油状物,并逐渐转化成白色固体,继续搅拌2小时,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤收集固体,将该固体暴露在空气中干燥约1.5小时,然后置于真空炉中于55-60℃干燥数小时。收集含有无机盐的白色固体,约42.9g,通过质子和碳NMR鉴定为不对称乙二胺二乙酸。实施例B 2-氧-1-哌嗪乙酸的制备;乙二胺二乙酸的己内酰
胺
将去离子水(150.g),25.0g(0.14mole)对称乙二胺二乙酸和28g浓盐酸加到装有温度计,控温器,水冷回流冷凝器和加热套的园底反应烧瓶中,然后用磁力搅拌棒搅拌该混合物,加热回流4小时,冷却。采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,用50%的NaOH溶液将滤液调至pH约1.5,用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,用50%的NaOH溶液将滤液的pH调至约5,在60-70℃除去(减压)挥发物,于55-60℃,在减压炉中将固体干燥数小时。经质子和碳NMR鉴定为对称乙二胺二乙酸的己内酰胺。实施例C 2-氧-1,4-哌嗪二乙酸的制备;乙二胺三乙酸的
己内酰胺
将约40.8g 2-氧-1-哌嗪乙酸(按实施例B方法制得),70g去离子水加到烧杯中,并用磁力搅拌棒搅拌数小时,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,将滤液和20.0g溴乙酸加到烧杯中,搅拌,直到溴乙酸全部溶解为止。用25%的NaOH溶液将pH调至约7,在加入苛性碱期间用冰-水浴冷却,将温度维持在25℃以下,除去冰水浴,将该混合物在约35℃搅拌约4-5小时,同时定期加入25%的NaOH溶液以将pH维持在7左右。将该反应混合物放置数小时,然后减压浓缩至约90-100g,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,在55-60℃减压除去滤液中的挥发物,残留物在减压炉中于55-60℃减压干燥数小时,经质子和碳NMR鉴定为乙二胺三乙酸的己内酰胺。实施例D 乙二胺三乙酸三钠的制备
将约44.5g2-氧-1,4-哌嗪二乙酸粗品(按实施例C方法制得),280g去离子水加到烧杯中,搅拌直到己内酰胺溶解。搅拌下加入苛性碱溶液(110g,50%),通过冰浴冷却将温度维持在25℃以下,然后将含有该溶液的管浸入控温于87℃的水浴中使之水解。15分钟后,除去该溶液,并用冰-水浴冷却。经质子和碳NMR分析表明在碱性水解质中存在有乙二胺三乙酸三钠。实施例D 4-二亚乙基三胺乙酸的制备
将75.0g苯邻二甲酸酐,350.5g乙酸和26.0g二亚乙基三胺加到装有水冷回流冷凝器,磁力搅拌器和温度计的烧瓶中,搅拌该混合物,并在116℃左右加热1.5小时,然后冷却。在65-70℃减压除去挥发物,直到重量为218g,搅拌下将该混合物倒入600g乙醇中,2小时后,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗滤出固体,该固体用500ml乙醇洗涤两次,然后在减压炉中于60-65℃干燥,收集到约66g二苯邻二甲酰基化合物。
将65.6g按上述方法制得的二邻苯二甲酰基化合物,17.7g碳酸钠和800ml乙醇加到装有水冷却回流冷凝器,加料漏斗,机械搅拌器,控温温度计的烧瓶中,由此制得上述二苯邻二甲酰基化合物的乙酯。将溴乙酸乙酯(51.0g)用15分钟加到上述搅拌混合物中,然后加热回流16小时。采用Dean-Stark蒸馏井除去乙醇(200ml),加入碎冰将剩余的反应混合物冷却到5℃以下。在冰浴中将该混合物再冷却5小时,用玻璃砂芯漏斗过滤。用乙醇洗涤固体两次,并在减压炉中于65-70℃干燥。得到约81g 1,7-二苯邻二甲酰基-4-二亚乙基三胺乙酸乙酯。将20.1g(0.045moles)1,7-二苯邻二甲酰基-4-二亚乙基三胺乙酸乙酯溶解在30.32g水和76.4g浓盐酸中,加热至93℃,然后使该混合物在93℃反应6.5小时。滤出所得白色沉淀,并用水洗涤,合并滤液,并于60℃减压浓缩,得到白色固体。NMR分析表明:苯邻二甲酰基团并未完全水解,合并两个固体,加入带有少量水的浓盐酸中,然后将该浆液加热回流6小时,冷却至室温,过滤,得到12.3g苯邻二甲酸。减压下蒸发滤液,得到13.9g黄色固体产物。通过加入6g50%NaOH使产物溶解于水中,在100℃用活性炭处理,然后过滤,减压蒸发,得到15.2g 4-二亚乙基三胺乙酸。实施例12-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)-乙醇酸的制备
将去离子水(10.3g),98%4-乙酰氨基苯酚(15.1g,0.1mole),50%含水二羟乙酸(14.8g,0.1mole)和甲醇(50.5g)加到烧杯中,并用磁力搅拌棒混合。加入不对称乙二胺二乙酸(19.5g)(按实施例A方法制得),并在冰-水浴中冷却该混合物,搅拌下用50%的NaOH溶液将该混合物的pH调至8左右,在加苛性碱期间将混合物的温度维持在20℃以下。除去冰-水浴,将混合物的pH调至8.7左右,并在25-32℃搅拌约2小时。将该混合物移至装有水冷回流冷凝器,磁力搅拌棒,温度计和加热套的园底反应烧瓶中,搅拌下将该混合物在70℃加热8小时,然后冷却,用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,将固体暴露在空气中干燥7小时,然后置于减压炉中于55-60℃干燥数小时。收集到约29.6g固体,然后将该固体与约300g丙酮一道搅拌,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,再用300g丙酮将固体洗涤一次,空气干燥,然后置于减压炉中于55-60℃干燥1小时。得到约26.7g 2-〔(2-〔双(羧甲基)氨基乙基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸钠盐。将这些固体和180g去离子水置于烧杯中,用磁力搅拌棒搅拌。用浓盐酸将pH调至2.2,此时,酸式产物开始从溶液中沉淀。过滤收集产物,用约150g去离子水洗涤,将产物,2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基-)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸在减压炉中于55-60℃干燥数小时。得到约14.2g产物,质子NMR确认产物的结构(见表1)。实施例22-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基 乙醇酸的制备
将去离子水(4.5g),溴乙酸(2.0g)和按实施例1方法制得的2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙酮酸(2.5g)加到一小反应器中,并用冰-水浴冷却之。搅拌下,用25%的NaOH溶液将混合物的pH调至9.3左右,在加苛性碱期间将混合物的温度维持在20℃以下,除去冰-水浴,将该混合物在35-40℃搅拌48小时,在此期间定时加入25%的NaOH溶液使pH维持在10.5至11.5之间。将该反应混合物(10.2g)加到一烧杯中,并用磁力搅拌棒搅拌之,用15分钟将丙酮(125g)加到该溶液中,沉淀出油状物,倾掉丙酮,再在沉淀物中加入50g丙酮,混合,除去丙酮层,将油在空气中干燥,再在减压炉中于60-65℃干燥约2小时,得到一易碎的黄色固体。在15mm×500mm柱上进行阳离子交换层析(Q-SepharoreTm fromPharmacia Inc)纯化产物,用0-30%甲酸进行梯度洗脱,时间为2小时,速度为3ml/分,收集洗脱液,用UV吸收监测洗脱液,合并适宜的洗脱液,冻干,得到所期产物(见表I)。实施例32-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸五钠盐的制备
将约40mg由实施例2方法制得的2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧基甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸溶解在700μl D2O中,并用NaOD/D2O调至pH13。在环境温度下,将N-乙酰基水解成相应的苯胺官能团,然后用质子NMR确认其结构(见表I)。实施例42-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(氰基甲基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸的制备
将去离子水(3.1g),2.5g 2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸(按实施例1方法制得)加到一小玻璃瓶中,并用冰-水浴冷却,用25%的NaOH溶液将pH调至9.8-9.9。在加入苛性碱期间,将混合物的温度控制在20℃以下,除去冰浴,加入1.0g的40%乙醇腈水溶液并混合之,用25%的NaOH溶液将p H调至9.9-10.0。将该混合物移至装有控温温度计,水水冷回流冷凝器,加热套的小反应烧瓶中。用磁力搅拌棒搅拌该反应混合物,并在49-50℃加热8小时,冷却,在环境温度下放置72小时。将部分反应混合物(8.5g)加到烧杯中,并用磁力搅拌棒搅拌之,用10分钟时间在该溶液中加入丙酮(146g),产生固体沉淀。倾掉丙酮,再在沉淀中加入50g丙酮,混合,除去丙酮层,将该物质在减压炉中于60-65℃干燥约4小时,得到约2.9g产物。质子NMR表明其为所期望的氨基乙腈衍生物(见表1)。实施例52-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕,-2-(5-氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸
将约1.0g按实施例4方法制得的2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(氰基甲基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸在酸性条件下水解,使氨基乙腈官能团转为相应的乙酸基,使N-乙酰基转化为苯胺基。将氨基乙腈化合物,2.2g D2O,7.8g 20%的DCl加到玻璃管中。将该管置于88-89℃的控温水浴中33分钟,然后除去水浴,冷却之。用质子NMR跟踪水解反应,然后将该溶液冷冻干燥,冻干,得到1.3g固体。在15mm×500mm柱上进行阴离子交换(Q-SepharoseTm,纯化产物,用0-1MZ酸进行梯度洗脱,洗脱时间为1小时,速度为3ml/分,收集6ml洗脱液。用UV吸收监测洗脱液,合并适宜的洗脱液,冻干,得到所期产物(见表1)。实施例62-〔双(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸和2-〔{2-〔(2-〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸的制备
将去离子水(24.8g),98%的4-乙酰氨基苯酚(15.1g,0.1mole)和50%二羟乙酸水溶液(14.8g,0.1mole)加到一烧杯中,并用冰-水浴冷却之。在将温度保持在20℃以下的同时,用25%NaOH溶液将上述混合物的pH调至3.3。然后加入DETA(9.8g)。通过用冰-水浴冷却再次将温度降至20℃以下。加入DETA后,pH约为10.2。将该混合物移至装有温度计,控温器,水冷回流冷凝器和加热套的反应烧瓶中。用磁力搅拌棒搅拌该反应混合物,并在75℃加热约7小时,冷却。在大烧杯中加入丙酮(1400g),并用磁力搅拌棒搅拌。用10分钟时间加入前述制备的约40g反应溶液,产生固体沉淀,倾掉丙酮,再加入1460g丙酮,研磨该固体,与丙酮充分混合。用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤回收固体。用大量的丙酮洗涤固体,然后在减压炉中于60-65℃干燥7小时。回收到约7.8g固体,质子NMR表明它是DETA化合物所期异构体的混合物。
将去离子水(5.3g),和4.0g按上述方法分离的固体加到烧杯中,用磁力搅拌器搅拌约3小时,此时,固体完全溶解,搅拌下加入溴乙酸(10.1g),并在冰-水浴中使该混合物冷却,用25%的NaOH溶液将该混合物的pH调至11左右,在加苛性碱期间应使温度维持在20℃以下。除去冰-水浴,在35-40℃将该混合物搅拌50小时,在此期间定时加入25%NaOH溶液使pH保持在约10.5-11.5之间。将丙酮(240g)加到烧杯中,用磁力搅拌棒搅拌将约5g反应溶液加到丙酮中,产生固体沉淀。倾掉丙酮,再加入245g丙酮,混合,除去丙酮层,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤收集固体,用丙酮洗涤固体,然后在减压炉中于55-60℃干燥数小时。得到约2.6g固体。(见表I)。实施例72-〔双(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸和2-〔{2-〔(2-〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸的制备
将按实施例6方法制备的376mg 2-〔双(2-{〔(双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧基甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸和2-〔{2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸溶解在1.0g D2O中,用5滴37%DCl处理。然后将该酸性溶液在80℃加热2小时,此后,质子NMR谱表明:乙酰苯胺基团已全部转化为苯胺基团和乙酸。在干冰丙酮浴中使该溶液冻结,冷冻过夜,得到淡棕色固体状所期产物(见表I)。实施例82-〔{ 2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇的制备
将按实施例E方法制得的8.0g 4-二亚乙基三胺乙酸溶解在40ml水中,然后在冰浴中将混合物冷却。将6.08g(0.04moles)4-乙酰氨基苯酚和浓度为50%(w/w)的二羟乙酸(5.95g,0.04mole)的冷却水溶液加到前述冷却溶液中。在用冰浴将该浆液保持在20℃以下的同时,一次加入2.5ml 50%(w/w)的氢氧化钠。在pH8.75时将所得浆液缓慢升温至80℃,在该温度搅拌4.5小时,然后冷却过夜。将该溶液减压蒸发至约25ml体积,然后加到300 ml丙酮中,从所得固体中倾掉丙酮,用丙酮将该固体洗数次,干燥,得到26.1g深色粘结固体产物。将26.05g该固体溶解在50ml水中,再将26.7g(0.192moles)溴乙酸溶解在该溶液中。用冰浴冷却所得溶液,用50%(w/w)的NaOH将pH调至10.5,使其温热至室温,然后加热到46℃。在46℃,pH10.5(通过加入50%w/w NaOH溶液维持)下保温23小时。然后在减压下将体积减少至50ml。在剧烈搅拌下将浓缩后的溶液加到500ml丙酮中,静置使沉淀物沉着。倾出丙酮,再加入400ml丙酮,剧烈搅拌,然后再倾掉丙酮。最后以相同的方法用100ml丙酮洗涤之。将该固体减压干燥,得到52.55g易碎棕色固体。取2.00g该棕色固体,将其溶解在20ml水中,并用1.48g浓盐酸处理之。将该溶液加热到80℃,直到质子NMR分析表明N-乙酰基完全水解为止。然后将该溶液冷冻干燥,得到2.13g含有题目化合物的棕色固体。(见表I)实施例92-〔(2-〔(2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基)(羧甲基氨基)-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸和2-〔(2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基)(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕-乙醇酸的制备
将去离子水(12.5g),98%4-乙酰氨基苯酚(7.6g),和50%的二羟乙酸水溶液(7.4g)加到烧杯中,并用冰-水浴冷却之。用25%的NaOH溶液将混合物的pH调至3.6,同时将温度维持在20℃以下。在将温度保持在20℃以下的同时,加入线型三亚乙基四胺(7.2g)。加入三亚乙基四胺后,pH约为10.6。将该混合物移至装有含温度控制器的温度计,水冷回流冷凝器和加热套的反应烧瓶中。用磁力搅拌棒搅拌该反应混合物,并在80-83℃加热4.5小时,然后冷却。在烧杯中加入丙酮(175g),用磁力搅拌棒搅拌,加入约12g反应溶液,产生油状沉淀。倾出丙酮,再加入175g丙酮,继续搅拌。除去丙酮,在减压炉中于60-65℃将沉淀物干燥数小时。得到约3.1g固体。将该固体置于100g丙酮中制浆,充分混合,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤,然后再用250ml丙酮洗涤该固体,再在减压炉中于60-65℃干燥约4小时。回收到约2.0g产物,质子NMR表明是三亚乙基四胺异构体混合物。
将去离子水(2.0g)和1.86g上述固体产物加到烧杯中,搅拌1小时,此时,固体大部分溶解。搅拌下加入溴乙酸(5.0g),然后在冰-水浴中冷却。将混合物的pH调至约10.5,在定时加入25%NaOH溶液将pH维持10.5-11.5之间的同时,于35-40℃保温47小时。在烧杯中加入丙酮(130g),用磁力搅拌棒搅拌,将约10.8g反应溶液加到丙酮中,产生固体沉淀。倾出丙酮,再在沉淀中加入150g丙酮,混合,除去丙酮层,在减压炉中于60-65℃将固体干燥数小时。得到约7.2g固体。(见表I)实施例102,6-双{〔双(羧甲基)氨基〕羧甲基}-4-乙酰氨基苯酚的制备
将38.6g 98%4-乙酰氨基苯酚,35.3g 98%亚氨基二乙酸,150ml甲醇,38.5g 50%二羟乙酸水溶液,30g去离子水加到烧杯中。在冰-水浴中将该混合物冷却,同时用50%NaOH溶液将pH调至约9.4。在加入苛性碱的同时将温度维持在30℃以下。将该混合物移至装有水冷回流冷凝器,温度计和加热套的反应烧瓶中。将该反应混合物加热至约74-76℃,监测pH,并定时加入50%NaOH溶液将pH保持在8.7-9.5之间。将该混合物共加热18小时。在此期间,加入约40g去离子水。经冷却后,用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤。在滤液中加入去离子水(75g),并在环境温度(约20-25℃)下减压除去甲醇。将该溶液放置数小时,采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压过滤从溶液中除去沉淀固体。将约30g滤液和15g乙醚充分混合,然后分离醚层。采用15g和10g乙醚连续重复上述过程。用盐酸水溶液将水层的pH调至0.5左右,于50-55℃减压除去挥发物。收集到约13.5g固体,在该固体中加入甲醇(75g),过滤除去不溶性盐。减压除去甲醇,将残留固体在减压炉中于70-75℃干燥数小时。质子NMR分析表明:仍含有一些无机盐的产物主要是双取代产物。(见表I)实施例112,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚的制备
在冰浴中冷却按实施例D方法制得的碱性乙二胺三乙酸三钠盐溶液,搅拌下加入盐酸,使pH达13.8左右。加酸期间将温度维持在35℃以下。于室温下减压除去挥发物,使残留物达210g。采用玻璃砂芯漏斗减压除去固体。将滤液移至装有水冷回流冷凝器,磁力搅拌器,温度计,控温器,加热套和加料漏斗的容量为250ml的园底烧瓶中。用盐酸将pH调至11左右。在加酸期间将温度维持在30℃以下。将该混合物加热到约40℃,然后用35分钟钟,从加料漏斗滴加11.6g 37%的甲醛水溶液。将该反应混合物再搅拌加热30分钟,然后冷却。用25%的NaOH溶液将该溶液的pH调至约9.8,移至加料漏斗中。将10.3g 98%的4-乙酰氨基苯酚,25.2g去离子水,9.5g 25%的NaOH溶液加到烧杯中,搅拌该混合物,直到完全溶解为止。将该溶液移至装有前述设备的园底反应烧瓶中,加热并搅拌。将该混合物加热到约65℃,此时,用约1小时的时间滴加前述制得的甲醛合物溶液,将该反应物在65℃再加热搅拌12小时,然后冷却。在烧杯中加入丙酮(150g),用磁力搅拌棒搅拌之。将约10g粗制反应混合物加到丙酮中,产生油状沉淀,倾掉丙酮,再将150g丙酮加到沉淀物中,混合,除去丙酮层。在减压炉中于55-60℃将上述物质干燥数小时。收集到约3.1g固体,将约165mg固体物溶解在微量水中,装在Q-Sepharore(from pharmacia Inc)柱(1.5cm×50cm乙酸盐型)上,用0至1M的乙酸铵进行梯度洗脱,时间为2小时,速度为2ml/分。在300nm处有吸收。第三个主峰是产物。分离这一产物,冻干,得到36.4mg固体,其质子和碳NMR,及快速原子轰击质谱均证实为2.6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚。(见表I)。实施例122,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(氨基)苯酚的制备
将264mg按实施例11方法制得的2,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚,置于5mm NMR管中,并将其溶解在D2O(0.5ml)和DCL(0.5ml,20%)的混合物中。将该NMR管短时置于热水浴(85℃)中,用NMR监测反应进度(乙酰氨甲基质子消失,出现乙酸)。35分钟后反应完成。将反应混合物冻干,得到深色固体状胺的盐酸盐粗品。将该粗产物溶解在微量水中,并装在Q-SepharoseTm柱(1.5cm×50cm,乙酸盐型)上,用0至1M乙酸铵进行梯度洗脱,时间为3小时,速度为2ml/分。在300nm处有吸收,收集第三个主峰的产物,冷冻干燥,得到淡琥珀状固体(122mg),该固体是所期胺产物和氯化铵的混合物。通过质子碳NMR和元素分析给该产物混合物定性。在Q-SepharoseTm柱(1.5cm×50cm,甲酸盐型)上进一步纯化含产物的盐(n批合并共250mg),用0至10%的甲酸洗脱,时间为4小时。在300nm处有吸收,第一主峰为所期产物,分离该产物,冻干,得到8.3mg白色结晶固体。通过质子和碳NMR及快速原子轰击质谱确认结构。(见表I)实施例132,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(硫代异氰酸基)苯酚
将按实施例12制备的,含有2.6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(氨基)苯酚和无机盐(208mg,含15%NH4Cl)的产物溶解在少量水中,并使其通过SephadexTmG10(pharmacia Inc)脱盐柱(1cm×35cm)。用水洗脱无盐胺,冷冻干燥(11.5mg)。将该胺溶解在水(10ml)中,并置于园底反应烧瓶中。加入溶解在二氯甲烷(1ml)中的二氯硫化碳(0.015ml,10当量)。将该反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。然后用二氯甲烷将该混合物洗涤数次,以除去过量的二氯硫化碳,将水层冷冻干燥,得到硫代异氰酸产物粗品,通过快速原子轰击质谱确认其结构(见表I)。实施例142-({〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}甲基)-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚的制备
将去离子水(35.3g),35.3g 98%亚氨基二乙酸(0.25mole)和29.9g 50%氢氧化钠水溶液加到装有水冷回流冷凝器,机械搅拌器,带有控温器的温度计和加料漏斗的园底反应烧瓶中。将该混合物加热搅拌至55℃。将37%甲醛水溶液(21.5g)放入加料漏斗中,然后用15分钟将其加到反应烧瓶中。将该反应混合物在55℃加热约45分钟,冷却,移至加料漏斗中。将38.7g(0.25)mole)98%4-乙酰氨基苯酚,35.3g去离子水,12.2g 50%氢氧化钠水溶液加到装有上述设备的园底烧瓶中。将该混合物加热,搅拌至约65℃,用30分钟加入甲醛-亚氨基二乙酸加合物溶液。将该反应混合物在65℃再加热12小时,冷却。加入浓盐酸(55.5g),并将该反应混合物搅拌1小时,然后将该溶液放置数周,滤出结晶沉淀,用去离子水洗涤,在减压炉中于65℃干燥数小时。得到约17.4g固体,通过质子NMR确认结构。(见表I)实施例152-({〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}甲基)-6-{〔(双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕甲基-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚的制备
将约5.7g 2-氧-1,4-哌嗪二乙酸粗品(按实施例C方法制得),38.6g去离子水加到烧杯中,充分混合直到己内酰胺溶解。通过冰水浴冷却将温度维持在30℃以下的同时加入苛性碱溶液(13.5g,50%的NaOH溶液)。然后将该溶液移至玻璃管中,并将该管在90℃水浴中浸泡10分钟,然后在冰水浴中冷却。经质子NMR确认己内酰胺转化为乙二胺三乙酸三钠盐。然后加入盐酸将该溶液的pH调至11.9。用冰水浴冷却,将温度维持在25℃以下。将该溶液移至反应器中,用20分钟滴加1.5g 37%的甲醛水溶液。在此期间,另加入少量苛性碱水溶液调节pH。将该混合物再搅拌1小时,同时定时加入氢氧化钠水溶液以将pH维持在11.0-11.5之间。
将1.5g 2-(〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基)-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚(按实施例12方法制得),2.5g去离子水加到另一反应器中。在冰浴冷却下加入25%NaOH水溶液将pH调至11左右。然后,在约30℃,用30分钟的时间,将按上述方法制得的甲醛加合物溶液加到酚化合物中。将该反应混合物混合,再在70℃加热10小时,然后冷却。在烧杯中加入丙酮(100g),并用磁力搅拌棒搅拌。将约10g反应混合物粗品加到丙酮中,产生胶状沉淀。倾出丙酮,再在该物质中加入50g丙酮,研磨丙酮中的产物。倾掉丙酮层,在减压炉中于60-65℃将固体干燥数小时。使该将固体的水溶液通过Q-SepharoseTm柱,按实施例11方法分离所期洗脱物,借以从粗品混合物中分离出所期产物。(见表I)实施例UN,N′-二(2-羟基,5-乙酰氨基苄基)乙二胺-N,N′-二乙酸的制备(对照)
将乙二胺-N,N′-二乙酸(10g,0.056mole),25g去离子水,7.0g 50%的NaOH溶液,5.0g甲醇加到装有水冷回流冷凝器,机械搅拌器,带有控温器的温度计和加料漏斗的园底反应烧瓶中。将该反应混合物加热到55℃,将37%的甲醛水溶液(9.2g,0.11mole)装入加料漏斗中,然后用20分钟加到反应物中。将该反应混合物在55℃加热1小时,然后冷却,并将共移至另一加料漏斗中。将17.2g 4-乙酰氨基苯酚(0.11mole),36g去离子水,2.0g 50%的NaOH溶液,36g甲醇加到装有前述设备的反应烧瓶中,将该混合物加热到665℃,用1小时15分钟的时间加入甲醛/乙二胺-N,N′-二乙酸加合物水溶液。将该反应混合物在64-65℃再加热12小时。将一部分反应产物浓缩,减压下除去甲醇,用盐酸将溶液调至pH1.5-2.0,产生乙酰产物的沉淀。将该物质过滤,用去离子水洗涤,在减压炉中于55-60℃干燥数小时。通过质子NMR确认其结构。实施例VN,N′-二(2-羟基-5-氨基苄基)乙二胺-N,N′-二乙酸盐酸盐的制备(对照)
将12.5g去离子水和8g浓盐酸加到约0.9g实施例U分离出的产物中。将该溶液在园底反应烧瓶中加热,搅拌,回流1小时。减压除去挥发物,将产物胺盐在减炉中于50-60℃干燥数小时。经质子NMR确认结构。实施例W乙二胺二〔(2-羟基-5-乙酰氨基苯基)乙酸〕的制备(对照)
将50%的二羟乙酸(30.0g,0.20mole)水溶液98%的4-乙酰氨基苯酚(30.9g,D.20mole)和去离子水(22g)加到装有水冷回流冷凝器,机械搅拌器和带有控温器的温度计的园底反应烧瓶中。用冰-水浴将该烧瓶冷却,搅拌下慢慢地加入19.0g 50%NaOH溶液,同时将温度维持在30℃以下。在低于30℃下加入乙二胺(6.1g,0.10mole)。除去冰浴,在85-86℃将该反应混合物加热搅拌5小时。用10g乙醚处理约20g含水反应产物,除去醚层,再重复处理一次。然后用盐酸将含水部分调至约pH4.2,并加入35g丙酮搅拌之。除去丙酮层并丢弃之。在残留物中加入65g甲醇,并搅拌。滤出所得固体,并在减压炉中于55-60℃干燥数小时。实施例X乙二服二〔(2-羟基-5-氨基苯基)乙酸〕的制备(对照)
将6g去离子水和21g浓盐酸加到约4.5g上述固体中。将该混合物过滤,并加入6g水。将该溶液置于装有水冷回流冷凝器,机械搅拌器和温度计的园底反应烧瓶中。将该溶液在100-103℃加热1小时,然后冷却。减压除去挥发物,将产物,乙二胺二(2-羟基-5-氨基苯基)乙酸盐酸盐,在减压炉中于60℃干燥数小时。经质子NMR证实,乙酰官能度水解。复合物的制备及百分复合物的测定
在下列实施例中采用下列术语:Conc.意为浓的;OAC意为乙酸残基,OCOCH3;TLC意为薄层层析;环境温度意为室温或约20-25℃;过夜意为约9-18小时;SP-SephadexTmC-25树脂是Pharmacia Inc出售的具有磺酸官能团的阳离子交换树脂。
按照下述方法制得了几种化合物的钇和/或钐复合物,并测定了百分复合量:钇复合物的制备
通过制备0.0003M钇水溶液(YCl3·6H2O,303.26g/mole;Y(DAc)3.12.1%H2O)制备复合物。加入放射活性的YCl3(Oakridge National Laboratories)得到所期的计数。将10μl配位体溶液(0.03M)加到990μlY溶液中,使其配位体与金属比为1∶1(如果要求配位体与金属比为10∶1,则加入十倍量的配位体溶液)。用数毫升盐酸或氢氧化钠将pH调至7.4。然后采用下文所述阳离子交换法测定复合钇的量。百分复合量的测定:
用1-2ml水-膨胀SephadexTmC-25阳离子交换树酯填充可处理的10ml塑料(Biorad)柱。加压使水洗脱至树酯顶部。在树酯顶部加上15μl复合物(或者,如果计数低加入量增加)。然后用2ml 4∶1(V∶V)等渗盐水∶浓NH4OH溶液洗脱,洗脱液滴入计数管。再加压洗脱至树酯的顶部,另加入2ml洗脱液,给该柱加压洗脱,除去所有的液体。然后将干燥过的树酯放在第三个计数管中。用连接在计算机上的Canbera多路分析仪通过NaI井计数器对上述3只管计数。用2个洗脱液计数除以洗脱液加柱的总计数,再×100,确定百分复合量。按此方法,未复合的钇仍在柱上。钐复合物的制备/%复合量的测定
按照前述制备钇复合物的方法制得了钐复合物,其不同之处在于将Sm2O3(348.7g/mole)溶于0.1M HCl中制得了0.0003M的钐。放射性Sm-153是得自UniVersityof Missouri Research Reartor,Columbia,Missouri,的溶于0.1MHCl中的0.0003M溶液。以与测定钇复合物相同的方法测定百分复合量。结果归纳于表II。实施例I-XV及对照实施例A-F,双官能度螯合物的体内筛选
某些稀土螯合物的稳定性与动物体内试验有关。例如,Rosoff等在“International Journal of Applied Radiat-ion and Isotopes,”14,129-135(1963)中报导了鼠体内某些氨基羧酸中放射性稀土螯合物的分布。该文指出:在体内“螯合剂与机体结构(有机或无机的)之间竞争稀土离子,确定其沉着和排泄”。据认为强稀土螯合物解离很少并被排泄掉,而弱和强度适中的螯合物很快解离,因此沉着于器官(如:肝)中。但是,肝脏中放射性核素的浓度不是绝对取决于形成弱复合物,而在某些情况下是取决于金属螯合物对肝脏的亲合力(见表III中对照实施例A&B)。事实上,巳有人制备了用于评价肝功能的化合物;Fritzberg,Alan R,Radiopharamceuticals:Progress and Clinical Perspectives 1,(1986);美国专利4,088,747号和4,091,088号(Hunt)et al)。
表2复合数据
*配位体/金属比约为1∶1;**配位体/金属比约为50∶1
复合物实施例 | 化合物实施例 | %复合量(10∶1) | |
Y | Sm | ||
16 | 1 | 98 | |
17 | 2 | >99 | |
18 | 2 | >99 | |
19 | 3 | >99 | |
20 | 4 | >99 | |
21 | 5 | 99 | |
22 | 6 | >99 | |
23 | 7 | 96** | |
24 | 8 | >99** | |
25 | 9 | >99 | |
26 | 10 | 98 | |
27 | 11 | 99 | |
28 | 11 | 98* | |
29 | 12 | 99 | |
30 | 12 | 98 | |
31 | 12 | 98* | |
32 | 12 | 98* | |
33 | 15 | 99 |
测定了本文公开的几种钐和/或钇螯合物的生物分布,以肝脏内的百分剂量作为体内筛选方法定量地评估螯合物的稳定性。将NTA和EDTA螯合物作为对照物。另外注射氯化作为的未螯合形式。
从Charles River Laboratories购得体重为150至200g的Sprague-Dawley鼠。将这些动物置于笼内,随意进食进水。在使用前至少要使动物适应环境5天。在注射复合物前将动物置于热灯泡下(15至30分钟)以使尾静脉扩张,然后将各动物置于限制笼中,并用酒精擦洗尾巴,通过尾静脉给动物注射(50至200μl)。注射后,将动物在另一笼中放置2小时,此后,采用颈脱位法处死动物。将动物解剖,用去离子水漂洗各组织,轻拍去水,放入标出皮重的水瓶中。无论注射量多大,每一相同的材料至少制备3个标准品,对动物组织计数。百分剂量是:标准品计数除以器官中的计数,再×100(见表III)
表3
生物分布数据
*实施例1-11,13,15;复合物的配位体/金属比为10∶1;实施例12和14为1∶1;实施例C为5∶1;实施例D和E约为300∶1。实施例XVI&和XVII
生物实施例No. | 化合物实施例No.* | 金属 | %注射剂量-(肝脏) |
I | 1 | Y | 0.87 |
II | 2 | Y | 0.22 |
III | 3 | Y | 0.22 |
IV | 4 | Y | 1.4 |
V | 5 | Y | 0.38 |
VI | 6 | Sm | 0.38 |
VII | 9 | Sm | 2.8 |
VIII(10) | 10 | Sm | 1.3 |
VIII(300) | 10 | Sm | 0.12 |
VIII(10) | 10 | Y | 0.39 |
VIII(300) | 10 | Ho | 0.26 |
IX | 11 | Y | 0.22 |
X | 11 | Sm | 0.33 |
XI | 12 | Y | 0.28 |
XII | 12 | Y | 0.18 |
XIII | 12 | Sm | 0.35 |
XIV | 12 | Sm | 0.26 |
XV | 15 | Y | 0.37 |
(A) | U(comp) | Sm | 12 |
(B) | X(comp) | Sm | 24 |
(C) | EDTA | Sm | 8.4 |
(D) | EDTA | Sm | 4.4 |
(E) | NTA | Sm | 8.6 |
(F) | SmCl3 | Sm | 39 |
采用前述技术,制得了钇与下述配位体的1∶1复合物,所述配位体是:1-(对氨基苄基)二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(ABDTPA),(文献采用的周知的双官能度螯合剂),及实施例2相应为实施例XVI)和实施例12(相应为实施例XVII)配位体。然后将它们分成100毫升的几个等份装入几只离心管中。加入过量的金属,以使总体积变化降至最低,并注意时间。加入金属半小时后,采用SephadexTmC-25方法测定百分复合量,并将其与原复合物量相比较。加入金属的百分复合量说明配位体-金属复合物的易变性。所得结果如下,并与EDTA-钇复合物比较。
表4
复合物研究
实施例XVIII
金属/配位体摩尔比 | %复合量 | |||
实例XVI | 实例XVII | ABDTPA | EDTA | |
1 | 99 | 95 | 97 | 98 |
10 | 94 | 93 | 95 | 86 |
100 | 84 | 90 | 92 | 78 |
250 | -- | 90 | 87 | 48 |
500 | 75 | 79 | 70 | 16 |
在pH6.5,0.5M乙酸钠缓冲溶液中制得了0.18M/L1-(对氨基苄基)二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(ABDTPA)溶液和同为0.18M/L的实施例12配位体溶液。然后,用1.5当量钇-90(0.03M/T氯化钇)处理上述溶液。所得复合物的pH为5-6。使该复合物通过1ml体积的ChelexTm树酯(Bio-Rad Laboratories)床除去过量的Y-90。经过纯化的复合物浓度为0.0013M。将适量的该溶液加到含有1.7×109摩尔醛的CC-46单克隆抗体上,得到40∶1复合物-抗体。暴光1小时后,加入过量236摩尔(相对于抗体)NaCNBH3,将该溶液放置约1小时。此后,通过SephadexTmG-25胶过滤从未键合的复合物中分离出抗体(和任何以共价键连接的复合物)。该方法制得了每个抗体平均含5.0分子1-(对氨基苄基)-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸的复合物,和每个抗体平均含5.4分子实施例12配位体的复合物。实施例XIX
为证实实施例XVIII抗体-复合物结合物的惰性,按下列方法采用过量的二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)激发上述结合物。将经过纯化的抗体-复合物加到pH7.4的HEPES缓冲液(N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N′-2-乙磺酸)中,用适量的0.1DTPA溶液(pH7.4)处理之,以保证与连接到抗体上的复合物相比,DTPA的摩尔数过量1000倍。1小时后,移出一等份,并通过胶滤使抗体-复合物结合物与低分子物质分开。结果表明ABDTPA系统失去大于98%的钇,而采用实施例12的配位体系统则失去约39%的钇。实施例XX2,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(氨基)苯酚,复合物的制备
在1ml的小瓶中,将放射153Sm(200μl 3×104M溶液,溶剂是0.1M HCl,6×105mmole)和“冷”SmCl3·6H2O(4.8mg,1.31×102mmole)合并,由此制得溶液。将该溶液加到由实施例11方法制得的2,6-双〔(2-〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基 乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚(3.2mg,5.31×103mmole)中。然后,加入NaOH(40μl,1.0M溶液)将pH调至7。采用SephadexTmC-25方法测得百分复合量为68%。
采用阴离子交换层析(Q-SepharoseTm,1.5cm×21cm,0至1M NaCl洗脱,时间30分钟,速度2ml/分,在285nm处检测),使上述复合物纯化。合并含复合物的洗脱液(每份1ml,共6ml),经测定,百分复合量为95%。实施例XXI2,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(氨基)苯酚,复合物与CC-46单克隆抗体结合。
将碳酸氢钠(60mg,7.14×106mmole)置于1打兰玻璃小瓶中,加入由实施例XX制得的复合物溶液(1ml,约8.8×104mmole)。加入置于氯仿(1ml)中的二氯硫化碳(10μl,1.31×101mmole),并将该小瓶密封。将该混合物振荡15分钟,此后,用氯仿(每次1ml)将该水层洗涤两次。经测定百分复合量为96%。
将上述硫代异氰酸 复合物(100μl,约8.8×105mmole)与CC-46单克隆抗体(100μl,8mg/ml溶液,约5.3×106mmole)混合,放置24小时。通过筛析色谱法测定:结合在抗体上的复合物量为46%。实施例XXII2-〔双(2-{〔(双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸和2-〔2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,复合物的制备。
将266mg冷冻干燥的固体溶解在1ml水中,制成实施例7配位体的溶液。取出33.85μl该溶液,用1ml浓度为3×104M的SmCl3溶液溶剂是含有痕量放射性153Sm的0.1NHCl)处理前述溶液。用50(w/w)的NaOH溶液将该复合物溶液的pH调至13左右,然后再用1.0N HCl调至pH7.5左右。按实施例16至33所述方法测定,被复合的Sm百分含量为100%。
为证实复合物的惰性,将2个500μl等份的复合物溶液置于两个小瓶中。用1-2μl0.1NHCl处理一个样品直到pH降低为止,用0.1N NaOH处理另一样品,以使其pH升高。在每个pH变化点,将该复合物放置5-10分钟,然后将它们作为样品,按照实施例16至33所述方法在该pH值测定其百分复合量。 表5
实施例XXIII2-〔{ 2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,复合物的制备
pH | %复合量 |
1 | 98 |
2 | 100 |
3 | 100 |
4 | 100 |
5 | 100 |
7 | 100 |
9 | 100 |
11 | 100 |
13 | 100 |
将13.9mg带棕色的固体溶解在772μl水中,制成实施例8配位体的溶液。将500μl该配位体溶液溶解在1ml事先用放射性153Sm处理过的浓度为3×104M的SmCl3溶液中(溶剂是0.1NHCl),制得复合物。加入1.0N NaOH,将该复合物溶液调至pH7左右。按实施例16至33方法测得百分复合量为96%。
为证实该复合物的惰性,将2个500μl等份的复合物溶液分置于小瓶中。用1-2μl 1.0N HCl处理其中的一份,直到pH降低为止,用0.1N,1.0N和50%(w/w)NaOH处理另一份,以使pH上升。在每一pH变化点将该复合物放置约5分钟,然后将它们作为样品,按实施例16至33方法测定百分复合量。结果列于下表。
表6
生物分布数据实施例
pH | %复合 |
1 | 91 |
2 | 88 |
3 | 92 |
5 | 96 |
7 | 96 |
9 | 99 |
12 | 98 |
13 | 99 |
将配位体和金属溶液混合,然后调至pH7-8,由此制得复合物。采用阳离子交换层析法确定复合于配位体上的金属量。游离金属留在树酯上,而复合物金属则不会留下。
给3只Sprague Dawley鼠经尾静脉注射100μl复合物,注射后两小时,采用颈脱臼法处死大鼠,采集组织样品,将该组织称重,采用NaI井计数仪测定每一组织的放射量,并将它们与标准品比较,按照血液重量占动物体重6.5%测定血液中的百分剂量。肌肉占体重46%,骨骼中的量是股骨中百分剂量的2 5倍。下列实施例的不同之处在于配位体,配位体的量和所采用的金属量。采用非放射性金属得到所期望的配位体/金属比,采用痕量放射性金属得到生物分布。实施例XXIV
将实施例10的配位体与Sm-153溶液混合。Sm的浓度是3×104M,所采用的配位体过量300倍摩尔。生物分布表明:骨骼中52.7%,肝脏中0.12%,脾脏中0.005%,肌肉中0.23%,血液中0.05%。实施例XXV
将实施例10配位体与Ho-166复合。Ho的浓度是3×104M,制剂中含有过量300倍摩尔的配位体。生物分布表明:骨骼中52.9%,肝脏中0.26%,脾脏中0.007%,肌肉中1.1%,血液中0.09%。实施例XXVI
将实施例10配位体与Sm-153复合,所采用Sm的浓度是3×104M,配位体过量10倍摩尔。生物分布表明:骨骼中48.5%,肝脏中1.3%,脾脏中0.01%,肌肉中0.73%,血液中0.18%。实施例XXVII
按照与大鼠相同的方法,给兔子注射含有Y-90(Y浓度为3×104M),实施例10配位体(摩尔量过量10倍)的制剂。测定其活性表明最小吸收为:骨骼中59%,肝脏中1.1%,脾脏中0.19%,肌肉中1.5%,血液中0.68%。实施例XXVIII
将实施例1配位体与剂量的Y-90复合。Y浓度是3×10M加入的配位体摩尔过量10倍。大鼠生物分布(两只大鼠的平均值)表明:骨骼中56.1%,肝脏中0.87%,脾脏中0.03%,肌肉中0.78%,血液中0.57%。实施例XXIX
采用在右侧邻近 骨处患有骨肉瘤,并且行走有明显残疾的狗。采用实施例10配位体和Sm-153溶液制备复合物。Sm的浓度是3×104M,所采用的配位体过量300倍摩尔。Sm-153的放射性比度是30mCi/ml。按照每公斤体重0.95mCi Sm-153的剂量给狗静脉注射这一复合物。注射1星期后,狗的步态明显改善。
表1 续
表1 续
表1 续
表1 续
表1 续
Claims (23)
Z是能以共价键与抗体片段或合成连接体相连的氨基、硫代异氰酸基、脲氨基、硫代脲氨基、羧基、溴代乙酰氨基或马来酰亚胺基,上述合成连接体不应妨碍Z与放射性核素形成复合物,同时还可以连接在抗体或抗体片段上,
X是氢,C13烷基或CR3R4COOH;
R1,R2,R3和R4各自独立为氢,羟基,CO2H,或C13烷基;
R5是氢或(CR1R2)nCR3R4B;
B是线型或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺,上述胺中至少有一个氨基氢被CR3R4COOH基团取代;
n是0或1;条件是当n等于0和R5等于H时,R3或R4中的一个基团必须是CO2H;该方法的特征在于,
A)在苛性碱和适宜溶剂的存在下,于20℃(或更低),由式(A)化合物或其药物上可接受的盐与化合物B及醛或醛的等价
Z的定义如前,
X1是氢;
R5是氢或(CR1R2)nCR3R4T,式中R1,R2,R3和R4各自独立为氢,羟基,CO2H或C13烷基,n是0或1,T代表线型或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺,其中至少有一个氨基氢被CR3R4CO2H基团取代;在化合物B中,B代表线型或支链胺或聚亚烷基胺,其中至少存有一个氨基氢;
B)在pH9(或更高),在苛性碱存在下,于20℃(或更低),由步骤(A)所得产物与卤代(CR1R2)nCR3R4酸反应,得到式I化合物,其中,R1,R2,R3和R4中至少有一个是CO2H;
C)用NaOH/H2O,将式中Z是NHC(O)CH3的步骤(B)产物水解,得到式中Z是NH2的式I产物;
D)在苛性碱中,在pH9(或更高),于20℃(或更低),由步骤(A)所得产物与乙醇腈反应,然后用HCl/H2O使氰基水解,得到式中R1,R2,R3和R4中至少有一个是CO2H的式I产物;
E)用DCl/D2O,通过加热,使式中Z是NHC(O)CH3的步骤(A)产物水解,得到式中Z是NH2′的式I产物;或
F)由式中Z是NH2的,从步骤(A)至(E)中任一步骤所得产物与二氯硫化碳反应,得到式中Z是硫代异氰酸基的式I产物。
2.权利要求1方法,其中,n是0。
3.权利要求1方法,其中,R4是CO2H。
4.权利要求1方法,其中,X是氢。
5.权利要求1方法,其中,R1,R2和R3各自为氢。
6.权利要求1方法,其中,苛性碱是氢氧化钠。
7.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-〔(2-{双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸,其特征在于,使4-乙酰氨基苯酚,二羟乙酸与不对称乙二胺二乙酸反应。
8.权利要求1方法,步骤(B),用于制备2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸与溴乙酸反应。
9.权利要求1方法,步骤(C),用于制备2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸与NaOH/H2O反应。
10.权利要求1方法,步骤(D),用于制备2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-(5-氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸,其特征在于,使2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸与羟基乙腈和NaOH反应,形成2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基〕(氰基甲基)氨基〕-2-(5-乙酰氨基-2-羟苯基)乙醇酸,然后再用HCl/H2O水解。
11.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-〔双(2-{〔(双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使4-乙酰氨基苯酚,二羟乙酸与二亚乙基三胺反应。
12.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-〔{2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基)乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使4-乙酰氨基苯酚,二羟乙酸与二亚乙基三胺反应。
13.权利要求1方法,步骤(E),用于制备2-〔双(2-{〔(双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使2-〔双(2-{〔(双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸与DCl/D2O反应。
14.权利要求1方法,步骤(E),用于制备2-〔{2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使2-〔{2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸与DCl/D2O反应。
15.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-〔{2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羰甲基)氨基〕乙基}(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇羧,其特征在于,使二亚乙基三胺乙酸和4-乙酰氨基苯酚与二羟乙酸反应。
16.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-〔(2-〔(2-〔(2-{(双(羧甲基)氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基)(羧甲基)氨基)乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙酸,其特征在于,使4-乙酰氨基苯酚和二羟乙酸与线型三亚乙基四胺反应。
17.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-〔(2-〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕乙基)(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)氨基〕-2-〔5-乙酰氨基-2-(羧甲氧基)苯基〕乙醇酸,其特征在于,使4-乙酰氨基苯酚和二羟乙酸与线型三亚乙基四胺反应。
18.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2,6-双{〔双(羧甲基)氨基)(羧基)甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚,其特征在于,使4-乙酰氨基苯酚和亚氨基二乙酸与二羟乙酸反应。
19.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2,6-双{〔(2-{〔(羧甲基)〕氨基}——乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚,其特征在于,使乙二胺三乙酸三钠盐和甲醛水溶液与4-乙酰氨基苯酚反应。
20.权利要求1方法,步骤(E),用于制备2,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(氨基)苯酚,其特征在于,使2,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚与DCl/D2O反应。
21.权利要求1方法,步骤(F),用于制备2,6-{〔(2-〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(硫代异氰酸基)苯酚,其特征在于,使2,6-双{〔(2-{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基甲基}-4-(氨基)苯酚与二氯硫化碳反应。
22.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-({〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}甲基〕-6-{〔({〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}乙基)(羧甲基)氨基〕甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚,其特征在于,使亚氨基二乙酸和甲醛与4-乙酰氨基苯酚反应。
23.权利要求1方法,步骤(A),用于制备2-({〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}甲基)-6-{〔{〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基乙基)(羧甲基)〕氨基}甲基}-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚,其特征在于,使乙二胺三乙酸和甲醛与2-({〔双(羧甲基)〕氨基}甲基-4-(乙酰氨基)苯酚反应。
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1989
- 1989-10-27 IE IE19980697A patent/IE980697A1/en unknown
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- 1989-10-27 IE IE19980696A patent/IE980696A1/en unknown
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- 1989-10-30 CN CN89108398A patent/CN1038929C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1989-10-30 IL IL9216089A patent/IL92160A/en unknown
- 1989-10-30 TW TW080105912A patent/TW201694B/zh active
- 1989-10-30 HU HU911929A patent/HU911929D0/hu unknown
- 1989-10-30 CA CA002001765A patent/CA2001765C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1989-10-30 AU AU43916/89A patent/AU628095B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-10-31 AT AT89120190T patent/ATE121727T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-31 BR BR898905657A patent/BR8905657A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-10-31 ES ES93110123T patent/ES2092188T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-31 EP EP93110124A patent/EP0570022B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-31 ES ES93110124T patent/ES2090787T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1989-10-31 DE DE68922368T patent/DE68922368T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1989-10-31 DE DE68926913T patent/DE68926913T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-31 EP EP93110123A patent/EP0566166B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1993
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1995
- 1995-06-27 PT PT101729A patent/PT101729B/pt active IP Right Grant
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1996
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1998
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