CN103872720B - 用于对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN103872720B
CN103872720B CN201310282308.5A CN201310282308A CN103872720B CN 103872720 B CN103872720 B CN 103872720B CN 201310282308 A CN201310282308 A CN 201310282308A CN 103872720 B CN103872720 B CN 103872720B
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CN103872720A (zh
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朴骏渊
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统方法。在这个方法中，计算子电池的SOC自放电率。使用子电池的SOC自放电率和从IBS接收的信息设定LDC输出电压和子电池的充电时间。确定主电池的SOC是否等于或大于设定值。当主电池的SOC等于或大于设定值时，通过LDC的操作在子电池上执行周期性充电。

Description

用于对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法。更具体地，本公开涉及一种对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法，从而在车辆长期无人照管时，通过子电池的周期性充电保证车辆启动性能和子电池耐久性能。
背景技术
通常，电动车通过智能电池传感器（IBS）接收子电池的充电状态（SOC）值，且设定合适水平的低压DC-DC变换器（LDC）输出电压值然后执行子电池的充电。这种电动车需要子电池的健康状况（SOH）值，以设定子电池的充电频率和充电时间。然而，因为存在许多相关参数，例如车辆的电子负载、子电池的充电/放电频率和子电池的温度，难以精确测量子电池的SOH值。
图1是示出典型的电动车用子电池的周期性充电方法的流程图。如图1中所示，周期性充电方法包括执行预设保留充电（preset reservation charging）（S100）；通过检查子电池的内部温度、车辆的电子负载、以及子电池的充电/放电频率来计算子电池的SOH值（S110）；确定主电池的SOC值是否充足（S120）；当主电池的SOC值充足时要求接通主继电器并停止电子负载的工作（S130）；以及通过LDC操作（S140）对子电池充电，从而对子电池充电。
在该典型的方法中，因为需要测量/检查所有相关参数，例如子电池的内部温度、车辆的电子负载和子电池的充电/放电频率以计算子电池的SOH值，因此计算子电池的精确SOH值存在困难且由此难以适当设定LDC输出电压值，从而引起主电池SOC消耗的增加。
上述在该背景技术部分公开的信息仅用于增强对本公开背景的理解，因此其可能含有不构成在该国本领域普通技术人员已经知晓的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本公开提供对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法，其可通过以下处理有效执行子电池的周期性充电：在子电池周期性充电之前通过LDC强制驱动和子电池强制放电来计算子电池SOC的自放电率，使用自放电率和IBS信息计算子电池的精确SOH值，以及使用子电池的精确SOH值最佳地设定LDC输出电压和电池充电时间。
一方面，本公开提供对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统和方法，其包括：计算子电池的SOC自放电率，使用子电池的SOC自放电率和从IBS接收的信息设定LDC输出电压和子电池的充电时间，确定主电池SOC是否等于或大于设定值，以及当主电池SOC等于或大于设定值时通过LDC操作在子电池上执行周期性充电。
在示例性实施方式中，计算SOC自放电率的步骤可包括：通过强制驱动LDC来对子电池充电，和将子电池放电到基准电子负载值。设定LDC输出电压和子电池的充电时间的步骤可包括：使用子电池的SOC自放电率和从IBS接收的信息计算子电池SOH，以及根据子电池的SOH设定LDC输出电压和子电池的充电时间。
附图说明
现在将参考附图图示的本公开的某些示例性实施方式来详细地描述本公开的上述和其它特征，下文给出的这些实施方式仅仅用于示例说明，因此不是对本公开的限制，其中：
图1是示出典型的电动车用子电池的周期性充电方法的流程图；
图2是示出根据本公开的实施方式的电动车用子电池的周期性充电方法的流程图；并且
图3是示出根据本公开的实施方式的控制过程中子电池示例性电压变化的图。
在附图中，附图标记在几张图中通篇指代本公开的相同或等同部件。应当理解到，所附的附图并非必然是按比例的，其说明了本公开基本原理的各种示例性特征的一定程度上简化的代表。本文公开的本公开的具体设计特征，包括，例如，具体大小、方向、位置和形状将部分取决于具体的既定用途和使用环境。
具体实施方式
下面将详细地参照本公开的各个实施方式，其实施例图示在所附附图中，并在下文加以描述。尽管将结合示例性实施方式描述本公开，但应当理解，本说明书无意于将本公开局限于这些示例性实施方式。相反，本公开不仅要涵盖这些示例性实施方式，还要涵盖由权利要求所限定的实施方式的精神和范围内包括的各种替代形式、修改、等效形式和其它实施方式。
应理解，本文使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语包括通常的机动车，例如，包括多功能运动车（SUV）、公共汽车、卡车、各种商务车的客车，包括各种船只和船舶的水运工具，飞行器等等，并且包括混合动力车、电动车、插入式混合电动车、氢动力车和其它代用燃料车（例如，来源于石油以外的资源的燃料）。如本文所提到的，混合动力车是具有两种或多种动力源的车辆，例如，具有汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
另外，应该理解下面的方法由至少一个控制器来执行。术语“控制器”是指包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。存储器配置成存储程序指令，而处理器具体配置成执行所述程序指令以执行下面进一步描述的一个或多个处理。
本文使用的术语仅仅是为了说明具体实施方式的目的而不是意在限制本公开。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个、一种（a、an）”和“该（the）”也意在包括复数形式，除非上下文中清楚指明。还可以理解的是，在说明书中使用的术语“包括（comprises和/或comprising）”是指存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其群组。
在下文中，将参考附图详细描述本公开的示例性实施方式，以使本领域的技术人员能够容易地实施本公开的内容。
本公开可通过在子电池周期性充电之前经由LDC强制驱动和子电池强制放电来计算子电池SOC的自放电率，使用自放电率和IBS信息计算子电池的精确SOH值，并使用子电池的精确SOH值最佳地设定LDC的输出电压和电池充电时间，来有效地执行子电池的周期性充电，且可通过子电池的周期性充电来保证车辆的启动性能和子电池的耐久性能。
图2是示出根据本公开的实施方式的电动车用子电池的周期性充电方法的流程图。图3是示出根据本公开的实施方式的控制过程中子电池示例性电压变化的图。
如图2中所示，可通过预设保留充电来对子电池充电（S10）。可在车载控制器（负责控制子电池的保留充电）内设定预定时间时的子电池保留充电。可通过保留充电来对子电池充电，然后可执行LDC强制驱动和子电池强制放电（S11）。LDC控制器可强制驱动LDC以将子电池充电到某个SOC值，然后可通过车辆的不同控制器使子电池强制放电来计算子电池SOC的自放电率。
LDC控制器可通过与其它车载控制器的协同控制来执行子电池的强制放电，其它车载控制器例如离合器、全自动温度控制（FATC）和执行相应控制的车辆控制单元（VCU）。在子电池的强制放电过程中，LDC控制器可通过与不同控制器的协同控制来设定基准电子负载值，且可根据基准电子负载值将子电池放电到某个负载状态（S11）。也就是，LDC控制器可使通过LDC强制驱动而充电的子电池强制放电至基准电子负载值（S11）。
子电池的SOC自放电率可随着车辆的电子负载和子电池的内部条件而变化。子电池内部条件的实例可包括电池的内部温度以及放电和充电的频率。子电池的SOC自放电率可表示为下式（1）。
SOC自放电率=（子电池初始SOC-子电池强制放电后SOC）/子电池强制放电时间…（1）
也就是，可通过将从子电池初始SOC减去子电池强制放电后SOC所得值除以子电池强制放电时间来计算子电池的SOC自放电率。子电池初始SOC可以是通过LDC强制驱动而充电的子电池SOC值。另外，基准电子负载可设定为车辆自身负载和配备在车辆内高电子负载的加和。高电子负载的实例可包括前照灯和刮水器。
如上所述，LDC控制器在控制除LDC之外的部件时可执行与不同车载控制器的协同控制，且可执行相应的信息接收和操作控制。也就是，根据本实施方式的子电池的周期性充电处理可由LDC控制器和执行与LDC控制器协同控制的其它车载控制器来控制。
同时，LDC控制器可从IBS接收子电池相关信息（S13），然后使用子电池的SOC自放电率和从IBS接收的信息确定子电池的SOH，即计算子电池的SOH。之后，LDC控制器可根据子电池的SOH设定LDC输出电压和子电池充电时间（或对子电池充电的LDC操作时间）（S14），然后可确定主电池的SOC是否足以对子电池充电（S16）。从IBS接收的信息可包括子电池的内部温度、SOC、负载和电压。
LDC控制器可通过车内其它负责主电池相关控制的控制器接收关于主电池SOC的确定结果。当SOC等于或大于设定值时，主电池的SOC可确定为充足。当主电池的SOC确定为充足时，可通过LDC操作执行子电池的周期性充电操作（S18）。在这种情形下，LDC可使用主电池电压输入产生输出电压，且可使用LDC控制器内设定的输出电压对子电池充电，持续时长为设定充电时间。
因为LDC输出电压和子电池充电时间设定成随着子电池的SOH而变化，所以在子电池的周期性充电期间可由LDC控制器可变地控制LDC输出电压。在这点上，图3示出通过根据子电池的SOH而设定的LDC输出电压来充电成不同电压的子电池的示例性电压状态。
在子电池的充电完成后，子电池的充电时间和SOH以及由于子电池的周期性充电造成的主电池的SOC消耗可通过无线通信提供给驾驶者或技工，从而实现有效的电池管理（S19）。另外，LDC控制器可要求接通主继电器并停止/中断来自其它车载控制器的车辆电子负载的工作（控制主继电器和电子负载的工作）（S17）。由此，可防止由于主继电器和/或电子负载的工作引起的事故。而且，当主继电器或电子负载在工作时，可通过诸如警告灯或警告音的报警单元向用户提供指示。
在确定主电池的SOC是否充足之前，可确定是否需要更换子电池（S15）。当确定是否需要更换子电池时，可使用子电池的充电时间和SOH以及由于子电池的周期性充电造成的主电池的SOC消耗。换句话说，通过结合经由LDC驱动而对子电池充电所花的时间、子电池的SOH和用于对子电池充电的主电池的SOC消耗的信息来确定是否需要更换子电池（S15）。
当确定需要更换子电池时，可向用户诸如驾驶者或技工提供子电池的充电时间和SOC以及主电池的SOC消耗（S19），从而实现有效的电池管理。由此，通过使用子电池的SOC自放电率和来自IBS的信息计算子电池的精确SOH并设定最佳LDC输出电压和子电池充电时间以使用LDC控制器实施有效可变电压控制，可执行子电池的周期性充电，以确保充足的车辆启动性能和子电池耐久性，且减少主电池的SOC消耗。
本领域普通的技术人员在看到本公开后将认识到，如本文所描述的电动车用子电池的周期性充电方法具有至少以下优点。
1.当车辆长期无人照管时通过子电池的周期性充电可保证车辆的启动性能和子电池的耐久性能。例如，可防止由于诸如黑匣子的秘密电子部件的增加即车辆暗电流的增加造成的子电池的放电，且由于减少深度放电提高了子电池的耐久性能。
2.因为LDC输出电压和子电池充电时间是根据子电池的SOH确定的，所以通过由LDC控制器执行的有效可变电压控制实现了子电池的有效充电。由此，可减少主电池的SOC消耗。
3.因为根据LDC强制驱动和子电池强制放电计算子电池的SOC自放电率，且根据SOC自放电率计算子电池的SOH，所以可提高子电池SOH的精确度。由此，可根据子电池的SOH适当设定LDC输出电压和电池充电时间。
4.可通过无线通信将子电池的SOH和充电时间以及子电池充电后主电池的SOC消耗提供给驾驶者或技工，以有效管理电池。
5.可通过报警或警告将子电池充电之前主继电器的连接（接通状态）或电子负载的工作提供给驾驶者或技工以防止事故。
另选地，如本文所描述的电动车用子电池的周期性充电方法的一些方面可实施为包含由处理器、控制器等执行的可执行程序指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的例子包括但不限于，ROM、RAM、光盘（CD）-ROM、磁带、软盘、优盘、智能卡和光学数据存储装置。还能够在网络耦合的计算机系统中分布计算机可读记录介质，使得例如通过远程信息处理服务器或控制器局域网（CAN）以分散的方式存储并且执行计算机可读介质。
已参考示例性实施方式详细描述了本公开的内容。然而，本领域的技术人员将理解在不偏离实施方式的原理和精神的情况下可对这些实施方式作出改变，实施方式的范围限定在权利要求及其等价物中。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于对电动车用子电池周期性充电的方法，包括：
由控制器计算所述子电池的充电状态(SOC)自放电率；
使用所述子电池的充电状态自放电率和从智能电池传感器(IBS)接收的信息，由所述控制器设定低压DC-DC变换器(LDC)输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间；
由所述控制器确定主电池的充电状态是否等于或大于设定值；以及
当所述主电池的充电状态等于或大于所述设定值时，由所述控制器通过低压DC-DC变换器的操作执行所述子电池的周期性充电，
其中计算所述子电池的充电状态自放电率的步骤包括：
通过所述低压DC-DC变换器的强制驱动来对所述子电池充电；以及
使所述子电池强制放电至基准电子负载值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中根据下式计算所述子电池的充电状态自放电率：
充电状态自放电率＝(子电池初始充电状态-子电池强制放电后充电状态)/子电池强制放电时间，其中
所述子电池初始充电状态是通过所述低压DC-DC变换器的强制驱动而充电的所述子电池的充电状态值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述基准电子负载值是车辆自身负载的加和。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在用于在预定时间对所述子电池充电的保留充电操作之后，执行所述低压DC-DC变换器的强制驱动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在执行所述子电池的周期性充电之前停止车载主继电器和电子负载的工作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在执行所述子电池的周期性充电之前，当车载主继电器或电子负载工作时通过报警单元通知用户。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中设定所述低压DC-DC变换器输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间的步骤包括：
使用所述子电池的充电状态自放电率和从所述智能电池传感器接收的信息计算所述子电池的健康状况(SOH)；以及
根据所述子电池的健康状况设定所述低压DC-DC变换器输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在设定所述低压DC-DC变换器输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间之后确定是否需要更换所述子电池。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中确定是否需要更换所述子电池的步骤包括使用所述子电池的充电时间和健康状况以及由于所述子电池的周期性充电造成的所述主电池的充电状态消耗。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中当确定需要更换所述子电池时，所述方法还包括通知用户所述子电池的充电时间和健康状况以及由于所述子电池的周期性充电造成的所述主电池的充电状态消耗。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中从所述智能电池传感器接收的信息包括所述子电池的内部温度和充电状态、负载以及电压中的至少一个。
12.一种用于对电动车用子电池周期性充电的系统，包括：
控制器，配置成计算子电池的充电状态(SOC)自放电率，使用所述子电池的充电状态自放电率和从智能电池传感器(IBS)接收的信息设定低压DC-DC变换器(LDC)输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间，确定主电池的充电状态是否等于或大于设定值，并且当所述主电池的充电状态等于或大于所述设定值时通过低压DC-DC变换器的操作执行所述子电池的周期性充电，
其中计算所述子电池的充电状态自放电率的处理包括：
通过所述低压DC-DC变换器的强制驱动来对所述子电池充电；以及
使所述子电池强制放电至基准电子负载值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中根据下式计算所述子电池的充电状态自放电率：
充电状态自放电率＝(子电池初始充电状态-子电池强制放电后充电状态)/子电池强制放电时间，其中
所述子电池初始充电状态是通过所述低压DC-DC变换器的强制驱动而充电的所述子电池的充电状态值。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中在用于在预定时间对所述子电池充电的保留充电操作之后，执行所述低压DC-DC变换器的强制驱动。
15.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述控制器还配置成在执行所述子电池的周期性充电之前，停止车载主继电器和电子负载的工作。
16.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述控制器还配置成在执行所述子电池的周期性充电之前，当车载主继电器或电子负载工作时通过报警单元通知用户。
17.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述控制器还配置成通过以下处理设定所述低压DC-DC变换器输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间：
使用所述子电池的充电状态自放电率和从所述智能电池传感器接收的信息计算所述子电池的健康状况(SOH)；以及
根据所述子电池的健康状况设定所述低压DC-DC变换器输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间。
18.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中所述控制器还配置成在设定所述低压DC-DC变换器输出电压和所述子电池的充电时间之后，确定是否需要更换所述子电池。
19.根据权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述控制器还配置成通过使用所述子电池的充电时间和健康状况以及由于所述子电池的周期性充电造成的所述主电池的充电状态消耗来确定是否需要更换所述子电池。
20.根据权利要求18所述的系统，其中当所述控制器确定需要更换所述子电池时，通知用户所述子电池的充电时间和健康状况以及由于所述子电池的周期性充电造成的所述主电池的充电状态消耗。
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