CN103858656B - Double-cropped peanut high power propagation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of double-cropped peanut high power propagation method, step is deep ploughed before comprising the selected field winter, shallow plowing before sowing in next year, at ridging mid-March, and covering film after herbicide spraying; Covering film carries out the sowing first season when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C in one week, and on film, punching sowing, takes plastic canopy above sowing division; When outside air temperature is stabilized in 23-26 DEG C, shed is all taken off in mid or late May, gather in the crops in late June; Carry out the sowing second season after fresh seed ethrel after results is soaked 24h, by the land readjustment after results peanut, ridging covering with plastic film is sowed, and gathers in the crops in mid or late October.Quick peanut propagation method of the present invention, two season reproduction coefficient can reach 150-210 doubly, the method can accelerate breeding process, improves breeding efficiency, reduces breeding cost.The method has simple and easy to do, small investment, effective, success rate high, for breeding of the northern area of China large area low cost peanut breeding provides new technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of peanut cultivation method, particularly relate to one and realize double-cropped high power propagation method by the manual adjustment peanut maturing stage.
Background technology
Peanut is the main oil crop of China and important economic crops, and northern peanut district peanut cultivation area accounts for 60% of national total area, and cropping system mainly contains Spring Peanut, Mai Long interplanting and summer direct-seeding peanut, is the planting type done for a year.Peanut reproduction coefficient is low, sowing quantity is large, promotion rate is slow, and these shortcomings are main restricting factors that peanut breeding and new varieties are converted into actual productivity.For solving the technical barrier that the peanut breeding cycle is long and stock breeding coefficient is low, some breeding units was once carried out peanut and was expanded numerous in Hainan, but there is problems such as breeding cost is high, distance, management inconvenience.Therefore, how realizing the Fast-propagation of peanut two crops a year seed in wheat and peanut two crops a year district, accelerate breeding process, improve breeding efficiency, reduce breeding cost, is need the urgent technical problems solved.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention: peanut reproduction coefficient is low in order to solve, breeding high in cost of production problem, provides a kind of double-cropped peanut high power propagation method.
technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of two crops a year peanut high power propagation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare before sowing: deep plough before the selected field winter, shallow plowing before sowing in next year, uses sufficient base fertilizer, and leveling rake is real, and water sufficient pre-sowing water, mid-March is ridging when ground temperature reaches more than 12 DEG C, covering with plastic film after herbicide spraying;
(2) the sowing first season: when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, waters along ditch according to soil moisture content is appropriate, selects mid-early maturity peanut varieties, punching sowing on mulch film, and takes plastic canopy above sowing division; When temperature of shed reaches 28-30 DEG C, leaked informaton up to afternoon 3 time the morning 10 20-30 minute, passes in time and temperature increasing gradually of ging up is leaked informaton the time; When mid or late May is stabilized in 23-26 DEG C when outside air temperature, the plastics on shed are all taken off, allow peanut grow under field conditions (factors); Gather in the crops in late June;
(3) process of the rear seed of results: soak with ethrel, to break seed dormancy after the fresh seed after results is shelled;
(4) the sowing second season: be not later than July 5 sowing time, selects the field after wheat harvest or the field after gathering in the crops peanut the first season, ridging covering with plastic film behind whole ground, and sowing of being punched immediately by the fresh seed that ethrel soaks, gathered in the crops in mid or late October.
Wherein the specification of plastic canopy is: high 30-50cm, and the wide 90-100cm of base portion, sets up arch bar every 1-1.5m in plastic canopy, and shed lower edge soil covers compacting.
The concentration of described ethrel is 50mg/L, and soak time is 24h.
The degree of depth of wherein deep ploughing before the winter is 25-30cm, and before sowing, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 10-12cm; The base fertilizer used is every mu and executes urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg; The irrigation amount watered along ditch is the 60%-70% of field capacity.
Mulch film is dressed seed with carbendazim before punching sowing, and during sowing, bore dia is 5-6cm, and sowing depth is 3-5cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 30-35cm on ridge, ridge face width 60-65cm, pitch-row 13-15cm, 2, every hole seed.
positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention adopts plastic mulching to add the mode of move-in-mud robot when peanut is sowed the first season, can guarantee the temperature and humidity in peanut fertility early stage, accelerate the growing process under the not high condition of outside air temperature in early stage, increase single cropping reproduction coefficient; With do not take compared with shed plants, the first season, date of seeding, can be advanced to mid or late March by sowing, because the heating of subenvironment, moisturization effect are better, shortened peanut seeding to the time of emerging, was conducive to extending vegetative period, improves reproduction coefficient.
(2) sow at random after the fresh seed ethrel process that the first season gathers in the crops when the second season is sowed by the present invention, the dormancy of fresh seed can be broken, ensure emergence rate, the time interval that the first season, results were emerged to the second season can be shortened again; Compare after drying peanut seed and sow, 7-10 days of emerging in advance, effectively can utilize the higher temperature in early stage, obtain more growth time, the pod extending peanut late growth stage enriches the time, is conducive to improving reproduction coefficient.
(3) reproduction coefficient of method two season peanut of the present invention can reach 150-210 doubly, the method can accelerate breeding process, improves breeding efficiency, reduces breeding cost, high power expansion for peanut original seed is numerous lays a good foundation, for peanut yield increasing provides technical support with large area Rapid Popularization that is new varieties.
(4) compared with method of the present invention expands numerous added-generation with Hainan, having simple and easy to do, small investment, effective, success rate high, is a new way of the northern area of China large area low cost peanut stock breeding.
(5) method of the present invention is applicable to most peanut varieties, with in, early-maturing variety best results, as far assorted 9847, Henan spend 9936, the kind such as Henan spends 9326, Yuanza9307 is all applicable, have and promote preferably and practical value.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:double-cropped peanut high power propagation method
(1)regional choice: select late March temperature to arrive more than 15 DEG C, mid-October, temperature was stabilized in the northern area of about 25 DEG C.
(2)the first season is sowed: the first season, plantation need reserve fields for spring sowing.Deep ploughed before winter 25-30cm, and make field permeability good, degree of tightness is suitable for.Before sowing in next year, shallow plowing 10-12cm, executes urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg for every mu, and leveling rake is real, waters sufficient pre-sowing water.
Mid-March when ground temperature reaches more than 12 DEG C, covering film after ridging herbicide spraying; In late March (when covering film one week or temperature reach 15 DEG C), water along ditch according to soil moisture content is appropriate, irrigation amount is about the 60%-70% of field capacity, and moisture is too much unsuitable, in case the rotten kind of low temperature, high humidity, affects quality of emerging.Peanut varieties with in, early-maturing variety is best, seed can be dressed seed with carbendazim, to prevent and treat peanut initial stage disease, must guard against over administration and causes poisoning, sow immediately after mixing, can not long-term storage.Punching sowing on mulch film, bore dia is about 5-6cm, sowing depth 3-5cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 30-35cm on ridge, ridge face width 60-65cm, pitch-row 13-15cm, 2, every hole seed, and the depth is consistent, guarantees once to go out full stand.
After planting on sowing division, take plastic canopy, shed height 30-50cm, wide 90-100cm, set up shed bar every 1-1.5m; Strained by shed film, lower edge soil covers compacting, to increase insulation, to heat effect.Leak informaton in time according to temperature rise situation of change in the peanut growth phase, to prevent temperature, humidity too high, seedling of burning, grow damage by disease and insect.To leak informaton temperature inside and outside basis of time canopy, humidity and determining, when temperature of shed reaches about 30 DEG C, leak informaton in point selection a period of time in the at 10 in the morning to afternoon 3, pass in time and temperature go up strengthen gradually leak informaton mouth with leak informaton the time; When outside air temperature about 25 DEG C, leak informaton 1-2h; As outside air temperature continues to leak informaton more than 30 DEG C of need; As in canopy, steam is overweight, about half an hour of leaking informaton, reduce humidity, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.Along with temperature of shed raises and the increase of plant body, water consumption constantly increases, and when fine day blade at noon occurs turning over white phenomenon, little water should be taked in time to water measure slowly, prevent broad irrigation.
When outside air temperature is stabilized in about 25 DEG C (mid or late May), is all taken off by shed plastics, allow peanut grow under field conditions (factors), within before taking off canopy 5-7 days, need strengthen leak informaton mouth and increase and leak informaton the time, hardening increases its resistance.The fertility middle and later periods starts the damage by disease and insect such as attention control aphid, two spotted spider mite, leaf spot, sprays medicament in time, notes watering in time and pulling out weeds in field simultaneously, guarantee normal growth.Shed peanut, should in late June because of the restriction by the date of seeding second season, and peanut fertility was gathered in the crops about about 95 days time.
(3)break seed dormancy process: the fresh seed after being gathered in the crops the first season strips out seed benevolence, removes the not plump benevolence without germinating capacity, the ethrel of residue seed 50mg/L soaks 24h, for subsequent use as the seed second season.
(4)the second season is sowed: late June sows the second season, selects the field after wheat harvest, requires the same first season wholely, sowing the last week about ridging covering film, and herbicide spraying, sowing of punching immediately after seed treatment 24h, bore dia is about 5-6cm, sowing depth is 3-5cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 30-35cm on ridge, ridge face width 60-65cm, pitch-row 13-15cm, 2, every hole seed.
This season, peanut was because sowing evening, and bearing time is not enough, to urge on cultivation management, promoted that strong sprout is early sent out, prematurity, precocity fruiting; Note water drainage of taking precautions against drought breeding time, start prevention and elimination of disease and pests from bearing desire; The fertility middle and later periods suitably can spray foliage fertilizer, promotes the plumpness of dry-matter accumulation and raising pod.
Lower stubble is as planted wheat, and the second season then gathers in the crops mid-October, airing; As without the need to planting second stubble crop, can daily maximum temperature continuously lower than 20 DEG C, under soil the ground temperature of 5cm continuously lower than 15 DEG C, when peanut stops growing substantially, left and right results by the end of October.
In this embodiment two season peanut reproduction coefficient can reach 150-210 doubly, compare with original technology, accelerate breeding process.
embodiment 2:double-cropped peanut high power propagation method
This is tested and carried out in proving ground, Henan Agricultural Sciences institute Yuanyang in 2013, the field that before winter, permselectivity is good, degree of tightness is suitable, deep ploughing 25-30cm, shallow plowing 10-12cm before sowing in next year, execute urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg for every mu, leveling rake is real, waters sufficient pre-sowing water.
Covering film after on March 12nd, 2013 ridging herbicide spraying, to punch on mulch film March 22 sowing, bore dia is 5cm, in selection, precocious peanut varieties as far assorted 9847, sowing depth is 4cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 30-35cm on ridge, ridge face width 60-65cm, pitch-row 13-15cm, 2, every hole seed; Plastic canopy is taken in sowing division, shed height 30-50cm, wide 90-100cm, set up shed bar every 1-1.5m.
When temperature of shed reaches 28-30 DEG C, select up to afternoon 3 time a period of time to leak informaton 20-30 minute the morning 10, pass in time and temperature go up strengthen gradually leak informaton mouth with leak informaton the time; When being stabilized in 23-26 DEG C when outside air temperature May 15, shed plastics are all taken off; The fertility middle and later periods, anti-to eliminate aphis, two spotted spider mite, leaf spot etc., spray medicament in time; Gathered in the crops June 24.
Sow that permselectivity is good the second season, field that degree of tightness is suitable, require consistent with the first season, overlay film after June 18 ridging herbicide spraying, by the shelling of the fresh peanut of results, with the ethrel immersion 24h of 50mg/L wholely; June 25, during sowing, bore dia was 5-6cm, and sowing depth is about 3-5cm in outdoor ridging mulch sowing, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 30-35cm on ridge, ridge face width 60-65cm, pitch-row 13-15cm, 2, every hole seed; Water drainage of taking precautions against drought is noted, the insect pests such as control beet armyworm, little bridging worm, leaf spot in breeding time; Gathered in the crops October 15.
In this embodiment two season peanut reproduction coefficient reach 185 times.
embodiment 3:double-cropped peanut high power propagation method
This is tested and carried out in proving ground, Henan Agricultural Sciences institute Yuanyang in 2013, the field that before winter, permselectivity is good, degree of tightness is suitable, deep ploughing 25-30cm, shallow plowing 10-12cm before sowing in next year, execute urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg for every mu, leveling rake is real, waters sufficient pre-sowing water.Overlay film after March 12 ridging herbicide spraying, in selection, precocious peanut varieties such as Henan spends 9936, sowing of punching on film March 22, bore dia is 5cm, and sowing depth is 4cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 35cm on ridge, ridge face width 65cm, pitch-row 15cm, 2, every hole seed, plastic canopy is taken in sowing division, shed height 30-50cm, wide 90-100cm, set up shed bar every 1-1.5m.
When temperature of shed reaches 28-30 DEG C, select a period of time to leak informaton the morning 10 30 minutes up to afternoon 3 time, pass in time and temperature go up strengthen gradually leak informaton mouth with leak informaton the time; Shed plastics, when outside air temperature is stabilized in 23-26 DEG C, are all taken off by mid-May; The fertility middle and later periods, attention control aphid, two spotted spider mite, leaf spot etc., spray medicament in time, gathered in the crops June 29.
The second season: adopt the soil after gathering in the crops peanut the first season, smooth rear ridging covering with plastic film, by the shelling of the fresh peanut of results, soak 24h with the ethrel of 50mg/L; Punch immediately sowing, bore dia 5-6cm, sowing depth is about 3-5cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 35cm on ridge, ridge face width 65cm, pitch-row 15cm, 2, every hole seed.Note in breeding time water drainage of taking precautions against drought, the parasitosis such as control beet armyworm, little bridging worm, leaf spot, gathered in the crops October 20.
Through measuring and calculating, in this example two season peanut reproduction coefficient reach 210 times.
embodiment 4:double-cropped peanut high power propagation method
This is tested and carried out in proving ground, Henan Agricultural Sciences institute Yuanyang in 2013, the field that before winter, permselectivity is good, degree of tightness is suitable, deep ploughing 25-30cm, shallow plowing 10-12cm before sowing in next year, execute urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg for every mu, leveling rake is real, waters sufficient pre-sowing water.Overlay film after March 17 ridging herbicide spraying, in selection, precocious peanut varieties such as Henan spends 9326, sowing of punching on film March 27, and bore dia is 5cm, sowing depth is 4cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 33cm on ridge, ridge face width 63cm, pitch-row 14cm, 2, every hole seed; Plastic canopy is taken in sowing division, shed height 30-50cm, wide 90-100cm, set up shed bar every 1-1.5m.
When temperature of shed reaches 30 DEG C, select a period of time to leak informaton the morning 10 30 minutes up to afternoon 3 time, to pass in time and temperature gos up, strengthen gradually leak informaton mouth with leak informaton the time; When being stabilized in 23-26 DEG C when outside air temperature May 18, shed plastics are all taken off; Fertility middle and later periods attention control aphid, two spotted spider mite and leaf spot etc., spray medicament in time; Gathered in the crops June 24.
Late June sows the second season, selects the field after wheat harvest, wholely consistent with the first season, overlay film after June 18 ridging herbicide spraying, the ethrel of rear the 50mg/L of fresh peanut shelling after results is soaked 24h, and sowing on June 25 ridging punches and sows, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 33cm on ridge, ridge face width 63cm, pitch-row 14cm, 2, every hole seed, note in breeding time water drainage of taking precautions against drought, control beet armyworm, little bridging worm, leaf spot etc., October 15 gathered in the crops.
Through measuring and calculating, in this example two season peanut reproduction coefficient reach 166 times.
embodiment 5:double-cropped peanut high power propagation method
This is tested and carried out in proving ground, Henan Agricultural Sciences institute Yuanyang in 2013, the field that before winter, permselectivity is good, degree of tightness is suitable, deep ploughing 25-30cm, shallow plowing 10-12cm before sowing in next year, execute urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg for every mu, leveling rake is real, waters sufficient pre-sowing water.Overlay film after March 17 ridging herbicide spraying, in selection, precocious peanut varieties is as Yuanza9307, punched on film March 27 sowing, bore dia is 5cm, and sowing depth is 4cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 35cm on ridge, ridge face width 65cm, pitch-row 14cm, 2, every hole seed, plastic canopy is taken in sowing division; Shed height 30-50cm, wide 90-100cm, set up shed bar every 1-1.5m.
When temperature of shed reaches 28-30 DEG C, leak informaton 20-30 minute in afternoon 3 time, in time pass and temperature go up gradually strengthen leak informaton mouth with leak informaton the time; When being stabilized in 23-26 DEG C when outside air temperature May 17, shed plastics are all taken off; The fertility middle and later periods, anti-to eliminate aphis, two spotted spider mite, leaf spot etc., spray medicament in time; Gathered in the crops June 29.
The second season: permselectivity is good, the field that degree of tightness is suitable, requires consistent with the first season wholely, overlay film after June 23 ridging herbicide spraying, after the fresh peanut shelling after results, soak 24h with the ethrel of 50mg/L, June 30 in outdoor ridging mulch sowing, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 35cm on ridge, ridge face width 65cm, pitch-row 14cm, 2, every hole seed; Note in breeding time water drainage of taking precautions against drought, the parasitosis such as control beet armyworm, little bridging worm, leaf spot, gathered in the crops October 20.
Through measuring and calculating, in this example two season peanut reproduction coefficient reach 215 times.
Claims (4)
1. a two crops a year peanut high power propagation method, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare before sowing: deep plough before the selected field winter, shallow plowing before sowing in next year, uses sufficient base fertilizer, and leveling rake is real, and water sufficient pre-sowing water, mid-March is ridging when ground temperature reaches more than 12 DEG C, covering with plastic film after herbicide spraying;
The degree of depth of wherein deep ploughing before the winter is 25-30cm, and before sowing, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 10-12cm; The base fertilizer used is every mu and executes urea 22.8Kg, superphosphate 44Kg, potassium chloride 14.5Kg, boric acid 0.75Kg, calcium sulphate 45Kg;
(2) the sowing first season: when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, water along ditch according to soil moisture content is appropriate, the irrigation amount watered along ditch is the 60%-70% of field capacity; Select mid-early maturity peanut varieties, punching sowing on mulch film, and take plastic canopy above sowing division; When encircleing temperature of shed and reaching 28-30 DEG C, leaked informaton up to afternoon 3 time the morning 10 20-30 minute, passes in time and temperature increasing gradually of ging up is leaked informaton the time; When mid or late May is stabilized in 23-26 DEG C when outside air temperature, the plastics on shed are all taken off, allow peanut grow under field conditions (factors); Gather in the crops in late June;
(3) process of the rear seed of results: soak with ethrel, to break seed dormancy after the fresh seed after results is shelled;
(4) the sowing second season: be not later than July 5 sowing time, selects the field after wheat harvest or the field after gathering in the crops peanut the first season, ridging covering with plastic film behind whole ground, and sowing of being punched immediately by the fresh seed that ethrel soaks, gathered in the crops in mid or late October.
2. high power propagation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein the specification of plastic canopy is: high 30-50cm, the wide 90-100cm of base portion, sets up arch bar every 1-1.5m in plastic canopy, and shed lower edge soil covers compacting.
3. high power propagation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the concentration of described ethrel is 50mg/L, and soak time is 24h.
4. the high power propagation method as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: mulch film is dressed seed with carbendazim before punching sowing, and during sowing, bore dia is 5-6cm, sowing depth is 3-5cm, every ridge 2 row, line-spacing 30-35cm on ridge, ridge face width 60-65cm, pitch-row 13-15cm, 2, every hole seed.
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| CN104823658A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-12 | 姜言生 | One-year two-season added-generation breeding method for northern peanuts |
| CN105165385A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2015-12-23 | 河南省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating peanut in barren dryland with high yield |
| CN105519337A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-27 | 河南农业大学 | Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology |
| CN111727824A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-02 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for adding generations of sesame in sunlight greenhouse in Huang-Huai region |
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