CN105993923B - A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding - Google Patents
A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993923B CN105993923B CN201610433698.5A CN201610433698A CN105993923B CN 105993923 B CN105993923 B CN 105993923B CN 201610433698 A CN201610433698 A CN 201610433698A CN 105993923 B CN105993923 B CN 105993923B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding, comprising the following steps: First Year configures cross combination, obtains F under field planting1For seed, numerous acquisition F is expanded in Hainan Region2For seed, second year mulch sowing, in August, the middle ten days harvest the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot, obtain F3For seed, after seed dries, sows in greenhouse, set up Small plastic shed plastic-film-covered cultivation, harvest the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot by the end of November, obtain F4For seed, sowing in Hainan Region December harvests full one seeded pod fruit in single plant by the end of March；Third year Liaoning Area field seeding, September harvests whole single plant test materials, obtains F5For seed, after drying seed, the sowing of Hainan in November carries out strain selection, field investigation resistance；Single plant is sowed in 4th year harvest Hainan, and indoor carry out Quality Detection selects excellent test material to carry out single plant and expands numerous, acquisition new lines.The present invention shortens the breeding breeding period, accelerates Peanut New Variety Selection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of peanut varieties breeding, accelerate peanut product more particularly, to a kind of suitable the Northeast
The method of kind breeding.
Background technique
Peanut is the important oil crops and industrial crops in China, and important ground is occupied in national economy and social development
Position.Peanut belongs to self pollination crop, and majority is planted on arid, the barren mountainous region for not striving ground with grain, and is become not
Alternative highly efficient and productive crop promotes peasant planting wish enhancing in recent years.However, this area peanut is mainly distributed on
Dust storm semiarid zone, the weather such as arid, short of rain, cold spell in later spring happen occasionally, as peanut is planted for many years, under variety yield advantage
Drop, in addition to adverse-resistant characteristic, high-quality, the dedicated new peanut variety such as high oleic acid, high oil, high protein is badly in need of updating, in view of the Northeast
Ecological characteristic should be accelerated to cultivate high yield, high-quality, dedicated new peanut variety, and then increase farmers' income, to adjustment plantation knot
Structure is of great significance.
At this stage, problem present on peanut production, breeder gradually adjust breeding of new variety target, and majority is adopted
With conventional herd breeding method, the Northeast's breeding at least needed for 8 years could promote and apply in this area, and the breeding time limit is longer,
New peanut variety needs of problems cannot be solved in time；In addition the Northeast's breeding method mostly uses pedigree method and mixing method breeding flower
The strain group of raw new varieties, offspring's separation is larger, needs more progress artificial selection from generation to generation, Comparision complexity and heavy, institute
To be badly in need of a kind of method of suitable this area quickening breed breeding, shorten peanut breeding process, save workload, accelerate new product
Kind promotes and applies.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of suitable the Northeasts to accelerate peanut product
The method of kind of breeding, this method pass breeding method the Northeast's quick breeding is high-quality, dedicated new peanut variety using simple grain, contracting
The short breeding breeding period accelerates Peanut New Variety Selection, and method is simple, effect is good, and success rate is high.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is screened by degeneration-resistant, high-quality resource, the strong peanut varieties of selection adaptation are female parent, degeneration-resistant, high-quality peanut product
Kind is male parent, configures cross combination, and current year harvests F1Generation, after seed dries, using shuttle breeding technology in Hainan Tropical area
Monoseeding, dormant period long parent break peanut suspend mode using 0.05-0.1% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, every plant of first side shoot of harvesting peanut
One full seed, as F2For seed, next year carries out monoseeding in the Northeast；
(2) prepare before the Northeast's sowing: the selection convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage, after preceding crop harvest, that is, before freezing
Deep ploughing site preparation is carried out, spring sows ridging, and using plastic-film-covered cultivation, ground temperature stabilization carries out monoseeding at 12 DEG C under film, in August
Above, when the middle ten days, the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot of peanut, as F are taken3It for seed, is dried, is used as the second season kind；
(3) second season sowing is in greenhouse: seeds before seeding progress ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid processing, after ridging, base fertilizer is applied, 8
The middle of the month, the last ten-days period are sowed, and film-covering planting after herbicide is sprayed, in September, when the last ten-days period on mulch one stringcourse canopy of lid again, reach
To three layers of heat insulation effect, by the end of November at the beginning of 12 months, the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot of plant, as F are harvested4In generation, educates as shuttle
The kind third quarter kind；
(4) third quarter breeding carries out in Hainan: after seed dries, still carrying out ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid processing, Hainan Region overlay film kind
It plants, December is upper, the middle ten days sowing, the one seeded pod fruit of early April the first side shoot of harvest, as F5For seed, the Northeast is returned to；
(5) it goes up May in third year, the middle ten days sows F5For seed, in September, the last ten-days period, harvest was all after seed is all mature
Seed, after seed dries, November carries out strain selection in Nan Fan, according to male parent feature, from the dedicated peanut single plant of resistance screening；
(6) the 4th years, quality-screening is carried out to single plant material in conjunction with nir instrument, the single plant of the numerous acquisition in south is carried out single
Strain quickly breeding, obtains high-quality, degeneration-resistant new lines.
In the step (1): female parent is that the mound of strong drought resistance spends No. 16, and male parent is high oleic acid strain DF05.
The depth of deep ploughing site preparation is 25-30cm in the step (2), and every 2-3 deep ploughing is primary；Spring bedder- planter
When, soil measurement formula uses sufficient base fertilizer；Using plastic-film-covered cultivation, the high 10-12cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm；Plastic-film-covered cultivation uses 85-90cm
Mocromembrane or ultra micro film covering；Herbicide is sprayed before overlay film, uniformly sprayed with 50% acetochlor ec 150ml per acre；Simple grain
The time of sowing at the beginning of 5 months, depth 4-5cm.
After described step (3) film-covering planting when warm room temperature is more than 34 DEG C, daytime, greenhouse will be aerated,
It closes at dusk；Greenhouse is closed after entering October, early if Small plastic shed temperature is more than 34 DEG C in greenhouse when without leaking informaton
Evening, which will be carried out, leaks informaton；Late October, that is, plant produce vigorous period, to control plant height, spray cycocel, prevent from planting
Strain excessive growth.
Advantage for present invention is with effect:
A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding of the present invention is high-quality from specified configuration scheme to obtaining
The line breeding period is short.Labour and land area are saved, is educated in conjunction with the environmental quality shuttle of crop field, greenhouse and Hainan Region
Kind, it combines at three, passes breeding method the Northeast's quick breeding is high-quality, dedicated new peanut variety using simple grain, just obtain within 4 years
High-quality, degeneration-resistant new lines shorten the breeding breeding period, accelerate Peanut New Variety Selection, and method is simple, effect is good, success
Rate is high, and saves land area.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments:
A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is screened by degeneration-resistant, high-quality resource, is female parent, degeneration-resistant, high-quality peanut product using adaptable peanut varieties
Kind is male parent, and First Year configures cross combination, obtains F under field planting1For seed, after seed dries, shuttle breeding skill is utilized
Art can be used 0.05-0.1% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid and break peanut suspend mode in Hainan Tropical area monoseeding such as dormant period long parent,
One full seed of every plant of first side shoot of harvesting peanut, as F2For seed, next year carries out monoseeding in the Northeast.
(2) prepare before the Northeast's sowing.The convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage is selected, after preceding crop harvest, that is, before freezing
Deep ploughing site preparation is carried out, depth 25-30cm, every 2-3 deep ploughing is primary, and when spring sows ridging, soil measurement formula uses sufficient base fertilizer,
Using plastic-film-covered cultivation, the high 10-12cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm are covered using the mocromembrane or ultra micro film of 85-90cm.It to be sprayed before overlay film
Herbicide is spilt, is uniformly sprayed with 50% acetochlor ec 150ml per acre.Ground temperature stabilization carries out monoseeding at 12 DEG C under film,
Time at the beginning of 5 months, depth 4-5cm.In August, the middle ten days when, take the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot of peanut, as F3For seed, into
Row dries, and is used as the second season kind.
(3) second season sowing is in greenhouse: seeds before seeding progress ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid processing, after ridging, base fertilizer is applied, 8
The middle of the month, the last ten-days period are sowed, and film-covering planting after herbicide is sprayed.When warm room temperature is more than 34 DEG C, daytime, greenhouse was wanted
Be aerated, close at dusk, in September, when the last ten-days period on mulch one stringcourse canopy of lid again, reach three layers of heat insulation effect, work as entrance
Greenhouse is closed after October, when without leaking informaton, if Small plastic shed temperature is more than 34 DEG C in greenhouse, being carried out and being leaked informaton sooner or later；10
The last ten-days period moon, that is, plant produce vigorous period, to control plant height, spray cycocel, prevent plant excessive growth.By the end of November extremely
At the beginning of 12 months, the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot of plant, as F are harvested4In generation, is used as the shuttle breeding third quarter kind.
(4) third quarter breeding carries out in Hainan.After seed dries, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid processing is still carried out.Hainan Region overlay film kind
It plants, field management is identical as step (2).On December, the middle ten days sowing, early April harvest the first side shoot one seeded pod fruit, as F5
For seed.Back to the Northeast.
(5) it goes up May in third year, the middle ten days sows F5For seed, in September, the last ten-days period, harvest was all after seed is all mature
Seed, after seed dries, November carries out strain selection in Nan Fan, according to male parent feature, from the dedicated peanut single plant of resistance screening.
(6) the 4th years, quality-screening is carried out to single plant material in conjunction with nir instrument, the single plant of the numerous acquisition in south is carried out single
Strain quickly breeding, obtains high-quality, degeneration-resistant new lines.
Embodiment 1:
The present invention is described in detail by taking the Breeding High-oil acid drought resisting peanut new lines of Fuxin Area, China as an example below:
The mound of the wide adaptability, strong drought resistance generally planted with locality spends No. 16 as female parent, and high oleic acid strain DF05 is father
This, First Year configures cross combination, obtains F under field planting1For seed, numerous acquisition F is expanded in Hainan Region2For seed, from first
Side shoot harvests 1 pod；Second year, 2 seed mulch sowings on May 5 are in Liaoning Province Fuxin Region, wherein 1 seed conduct
Control ensures seed survival；The one seeded pod fruit of August 10 days the first side shoots of harvest, obtains F3For seed, after seed dries, August 15
Day sowing is in greenhouse, plastic-film-covered cultivation, and Small plastic shed is set up within September 23rd in greenhouse, harvests the first side shoot November 25
One seeded pod fruit obtains F4For seed, after seed dries, sowing on Hainan Region December 4 is harvested by the end of March full one in single plant
Grain pod；Third year, Liaoning Area field seeding, the whole single plant test materials of September harvest on the 15th obtain F5For seed, wait dry kind
After son, the sowing of Hainan on November 1 carries out strain selection, field investigation resistance；4th year, March 20 harvest single plant, it is indoor into
Row Quality Detection selects excellent test material to carry out single plant and expands numerous, acquisition new lines YD2-2.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) it is screened by degeneration-resistant, high-quality resource, the strong peanut varieties of selection adaptation are female parent, and degeneration-resistant, high-quality peanut kind is
Male parent configures cross combination, and current year harvests F1Generation, after seed dries, using shuttle breeding technology in Hainan Tropical area simple grain
Sowing, dormant period long parent break peanut suspend mode using 0.05-0.1% ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, and one of every plant of first side shoot of harvesting peanut
Full seed, as F2For seed, next year carries out monoseeding in the Northeast；
(2) prepare before the Northeast's sowing: the selection convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage carries out before freezing after preceding crop harvest
Deep ploughing site preparation, spring sows ridging, and using plastic-film-covered cultivation, ground temperature stabilization carries out monoseeding at 12 DEG C under film, in August,
When the middle ten days, the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot of peanut, as F are taken3It for seed, is dried, is used as the second season kind；
(3) second season sowing is in greenhouse: seeds before seeding progress ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid processing, after ridging, applies base fertilizer, in August,
The last ten-days period are sowed, and film-covering planting after herbicide is sprayed, in September, when the last ten-days period on mulch one stringcourse canopy of lid again, reach three layers
Heat insulation effect harvests the one seeded pod fruit of the first side shoot of plant, as F by the end of November at the beginning of 12 months4In generation, is used as shuttle breeding third
Season kind；
(4) third quarter breeding carries out in Hainan: after seed dries, still carry out ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid processing, Hainan Region film-covering planting, and 12
On the moon, the middle ten days sowing, early April harvest the first side shoot one seeded pod fruit, as F5For seed, the Northeast is returned to；
(5) it goes up May in third year, the middle ten days sows F5For seed, in September, the last ten-days period after seed is all mature, harvest whole seeds,
After seed dries, November carries out strain selection in Nan Fan, according to male parent feature, screens resistance peanut single plant；
(6) the 4th years, quality-screening is carried out to single plant material in conjunction with nir instrument, it is fast to carry out single plant to the single plant of the numerous acquisition in south
Speed breeding, obtains high-quality, degeneration-resistant new lines.
2. the method that a kind of suitable the Northeast according to claim 1 accelerates peanut varieties breeding, it is characterised in that: institute
The depth of deep ploughing site preparation is 25-30cm in the step of stating (2), and every 2-3 deep ploughing is primary；When spring bedder- planter, soil measurement formula,
Use sufficient base fertilizer；Using plastic-film-covered cultivation, the high 10-12cm in ridge, ridge spacing 30cm；Plastic-film-covered cultivation uses the mocromembrane or ultra micro of 85-90cm
Film covering；Herbicide is sprayed before overlay film, uniformly sprayed with 50% acetochlor ec 150ml per acre；The time of monoseeding is 5
The beginning of the month, depth 4-5cm.
3. the method that a kind of suitable the Northeast according to claim 1 accelerates peanut varieties breeding, it is characterised in that: institute
After the step of stating (3) film-covering planting when warm room temperature is more than 34 DEG C, daytime, greenhouse will be aerated, and be closed at dusk；
Greenhouse is closed after entering October, when without leaking informaton, if Small plastic shed temperature is more than 34 DEG C in greenhouse, being carried out and being put sooner or later
Wind；Late October, that is, plant produce vigorous period, to control plant height, spray cycocel, prevent plant excessive growth.
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| CN201610433698.5A CN105993923B (en) | 2016-06-18 | 2016-06-18 | A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding |
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| CN201610433698.5A CN105993923B (en) | 2016-06-18 | 2016-06-18 | A kind of method that suitable the Northeast accelerates peanut varieties breeding |
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| CN105993923B true CN105993923B (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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| CN109699425B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-01-08 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for breeding green and efficient peanut varieties |
| CN113973706A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-28 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Rapid breeding method for new variety of high-oleic-flower in high-latitude area |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103858656B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-09-23 | 河南省农业科学院 | Double-cropped peanut high power propagation method |
| CN105519337A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-27 | 河南农业大学 | Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology |
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2016
- 2016-06-18 CN CN201610433698.5A patent/CN105993923B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103858656B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-09-23 | 河南省农业科学院 | Double-cropped peanut high power propagation method |
| CN105519337A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-27 | 河南农业大学 | Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 分子标记和近红外技术辅助选育高油酸花生新品种花育662;王秀贞等;《核农学报》;20160530;第30卷(第6期);第1054页左栏最后一段及右栏，第1055页左栏第1段 * |
| 单粒精播技术在花生新品种快速繁育上的应用研究;朱统国等;《安徽农业科学》;20141231;第42卷(第30期);第10494-10496页 * |
| 高产优质花生新品种濮科花8号的选育;陈翠霞等;《中国种业》;20091231(第8期);第1-2页 * |
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