CN113973706A - Rapid breeding method for new variety of high-oleic-flower in high-latitude area - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method for new variety of high-oleic-flower in high-latitude area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973706A CN113973706A CN202111203416.XA CN202111203416A CN113973706A CN 113973706 A CN113973706 A CN 113973706A CN 202111203416 A CN202111203416 A CN 202111203416A CN 113973706 A CN113973706 A CN 113973706A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid breeding method of a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high-latitude area, and relates to the technical field of peanut breeding. The breeding method selects the local dominant cultivation eurytopic variety as the female parent, takes the high-oil material with moderate growth period and complementary properties as the male parent, and identifies F through the molecular technology1The method has the advantages that the generation hybrid fruits are true and false, measures such as a near-infrared nondestructive scanning technology and south propagation generation-adding are continuously carried out by combining with low-generation breeding progeny materials, the breeding process of the high-oil new variety is accelerated on the premise of ensuring stable inheritance of the high-oil property, and the breeding efficiency is improved. The new variety of the high-oil peanut bred by the method can effectively relieve the situation of lack of high-oil peanut varieties in high latitude areas, and has important practical significance in the aspects of promoting safe production of peanuts in the high latitude areas, increasing yield and efficiency, guaranteeing safety of edible vegetable oil and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut breeding, in particular to a rapid breeding method for a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high latitude area.
Background
At present, the conventional hybridization method and mutation breeding method are mainly adopted for peanut breeding. From the technical point of view of the field, the following two basic requirements are provided for breeding new varieties: firstly, the comprehensive character performance of the new variety bred is excellent, and secondly, the breeding process of the new variety is fast and the efficiency is high. As one of the main oil channel crops in China, the high yield is always the main breeding target. Along with the rapid development of the peanut industry in China, related units have bred some high-yield varieties, but the yield of the peanut varieties is easily influenced by planting areas and environmental climate, and the yield is taken as a core breeding target for a long time, so that the importance degree on quality breeding and disease-resistant breeding such as fat, protein, oleic acid content and the like is not enough. In addition, the peanut breeding method is single, the breeding processes of conventional hybridization technology, continuous selfing of filial generation, excellent single plant selection, strain comparison and region test are mostly adopted, and the research report of screening out dominant hybridization combinations from a large number of hybridization combinations and further adopting the breeding process to breed new varieties of high-oleic peanut in high-latitude peanut main production areas in China is not seen.
Jilin province is one of the main high-latitude peanut producing areas in China, belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, and has large dry wind in spring, high temperature and much rain in summer, high and refreshing in autumn and long cold in winter; the temperature of the whole province is 35-42 ℃ worse year, and the daily worse is generally 10-14 ℃; the frost-free period of the whole year is generally 100 to 160 days; the average sunshine hours in many years in the whole province is 2259-3016 hours; the annual average rainfall is 400-600 mm, but the difference between seasons and regions is large, 80% of rainfall is concentrated in summer, and the eastern rainfall is most abundant. The main peanut producing areas of Jilin province are located in the pine plain, the white city and the four-level area in the middle of the west, the west peanut producing areas mainly comprise farming and pasturing staggered areas, soil is barren, and rainfall is relatively less all the year round; the four-season peanut growing area in the middle part is mainly in Liaoning city, rainfall is relatively abundant all the year round, and accumulated temperature is relatively high. The unique ecological environment is suitable for planting medium-early-maturing peanut varieties such as multi-grain type and pearl bean type. The common peanut variety has longer growth period, increases the planting cost due to film mulching planting, causes a great amount of white pollution, and has a gradually decreasing trend in recent years. Peanuts produced under the unique climatic conditions of Jilin province have no aflatoxin pollution, the peanuts are excellent in quality, and the planted varieties are mainly characterized by high protein content (four red grains) and low fat content (the fat content is lower than 55%). However, with the increase of the demand of edible oil markets, the problem of lack of varieties with high oil content of peanuts in Jilin province is increasingly prominent, new varieties with high yield and high oil content suitable for planting in high-latitude areas of Jilin province need to be bred according to local conditions, the updating of peanut cultivars in the high-latitude areas and the sustainable and healthy development of peanut industry are promoted, and the safe and effective supply of edible vegetable oil in the high-latitude areas and countries is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related technology, the invention provides a method for quickly breeding new varieties of high-oil peanuts in high latitude areas, which aims to overcome the technical problems in the related technology, effectively relieve the shortage situation of the high-oil peanuts in the high latitude areas, pertinently select the new varieties of high-oil peanuts suitable for production needs, and have important practical significance in promoting the safe production of the peanuts in the high latitude areas, increasing the yield and the efficiency, ensuring the safety of edible vegetable oil and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for rapidly breeding a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high latitude area comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: using local main cultivation eurytopic peanut as female parent and high oil material with proper growth period and complementary characters as male parent, sexual hybridization to obtain "hybrid seed", planting and utilizing molecular technologyMeans for discriminating true from false and retaining F1Generation of true hybrid;
step two: planting F1Selfing the hybrid to generate separate colony, selecting excellent individual plant by pedigree method, near-infrared scanning without damage, and selecting F with fat content greater than 50%2Generating superior single plants;
step three: combining the south numerous generations, repeating the second work step, and keeping F with fat content more than 53 percent3Generation and F4Generating superior single plants;
step four: planting F4And (5) generation materials, namely harvesting the generation materials with consistent and stable comprehensive characters in rows and plants, repeating the work of the second step, and keeping F with the fat content of more than 55 percent5Generating stable strains, and continuously performing excellent individual plant selection on the progeny materials with unstable characters until the progeny materials are stable;
step five: planting F5Generation and F5Selecting materials for more generations, developing yield and disease resistance identification tests, and reserving strains with comprehensive characters reaching breeding targets;
step six: taking part in the peanut regional test to breed the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers.
Specifically, in the first step, the female parent has a growth period within 122 days, a main stem height of 30-40 cm, fruiting layers of 8-12 cm, 18-22 fruiting bodies per plant and a kernel weight of 75-85 g.
Specifically, in the step one, the male parent comprises high-oil peanuts with concentrated results, a growth period within 125 days and a kernel weight of 75-85 g.
Specifically, the pedigree selection method in the step two is a multiple single plant selection method, wherein excellent single plants are selected from the first separation generation of hybrids, the excellent single plants are grown into plants until stable excellent plants with uniform properties are selected, the stable plants are mixed into lines according to combinations, yield and disease resistance identification tests are carried out, and finally new varieties are bred.
Specifically, the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers in the sixth step has the following properties: the growth period is 120-124 days, the height of the main stem of the peanut is 30-40 cm, the plant type is upright, the number of effective branches is more than 7, and the weight of the kernel is 75-85 g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a method for rapidly breeding a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high-latitude area, which can obtain the new variety of high-oleic-flower with proper maturity and has the advantages of short breeding period, strong pertinence, high efficiency and the like;
(2) the invention relates to a rapid breeding method of a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high latitude area, and the variety bred by the method has a new variety of peanuts with high fat content, good adaptability and high yield and good comprehensive characters, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits;
(3) the invention relates to a method for quickly breeding new varieties of high-oil peanuts in high-latitude areas, the new varieties of the peanuts bred by the method have strong disease resistance and proper ripening period, and have important effects on realizing safe production of the peanuts, increasing the yield and the efficiency, ensuring the safety of edible vegetable oil and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The invention provides a technical scheme of a rapid breeding method of a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high latitude area, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a eurytopic peanut variety planted locally is used as female parent, a high-oil material with moderate growth period and complementary characters is used as male parent, sexual hybridization is carried out to obtain 'hybrid seeds', after planting, authenticity is identified by utilizing a molecular technical means, and F is reserved1Generation of true hybrid;
step two: planting F1Selfing the hybrid to generate separate colony, selecting excellent individual plant by pedigree method, near-infrared scanning without damage, and selecting F with fat content greater than 50%2Generating superior single plants;
step three: combining the south numerous generations, repeating the second work step, and keeping F with fat content more than 53 percent3Generation and F4Generating superior single plants;
step four: planting F4And (5) generation materials, namely harvesting the generation materials with consistent and stable comprehensive characters in rows and plants, repeating the work of the second step, and keeping F with the fat content of more than 55 percent5Generating stable strains, and continuously performing excellent individual plant selection on the progeny materials with unstable characters until the progeny materials are stable;
step five: planting F5Generation and F5Selecting materials for more generations, developing yield and disease resistance identification tests, and reserving strains with comprehensive characters reaching breeding targets;
step six: taking part in the peanut regional test to breed the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers.
Specifically, in the first step, the female parent has a growth period within 122 days, a main stem height of 30 cm, a fruiting layer of 8.5 cm, 20 fruiting individuals and a kernel weight of 76 g.
Specifically, in the first step, the male parent comprises high-oil peanuts with concentrated results, a growth period within 125 days and a kernel weight of 79 g.
Specifically, the pedigree selection method is a multiple single plant selection method, wherein excellent single plants are selected from the first separation generation of hybrids, the excellent single plants are grown into lines until stable excellent plants with uniform properties are selected, the stable plants are mixed into lines according to combinations, yield and disease resistance identification tests are carried out, and finally new varieties are bred.
Specifically, the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers in the sixth step has the following properties: the growth period is 120 days, the height of the main stem of the peanut is 32.5 cm, the plant type is upright, the number of effective branches is 8, and the weight of the kernel is 78 g.
Example two
The invention provides a technical scheme of a rapid breeding method of a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high latitude area, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: takes a local main cultivation eurytopic peanut variety as a female parent and has moderate growth period and high complementary charactersOil material as male parent, sexual hybridization to obtain "hybrid seed", molecular technique to identify true or false, and retaining F1Generation of true hybrid;
step two: planting F1Selfing the hybrid to generate separate colony, selecting excellent individual plant by pedigree method, near-infrared scanning without damage, and selecting F with fat content greater than 50%2Generating superior single plants;
step three: combining the south numerous generations, repeating the second work step, and keeping F with fat content more than 53 percent3Generation and F4Generating superior single plants;
step four: planting F4And (5) generation materials, namely harvesting the generation materials with consistent and stable comprehensive characters in rows and plants, repeating the work of the second step, and keeping F with the fat content of more than 55 percent5Generating stable strains, and continuously performing excellent individual plant selection on the progeny materials with unstable characters until the progeny materials are stable;
step five: planting F5Generation and F5Selecting materials for more generations, developing yield and disease resistance identification tests, and reserving strains with comprehensive characters reaching breeding targets;
step six: taking part in the peanut regional test to breed the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers.
Specifically, in the first step, the female parent has a growth period within 122 days, a main stem height of 34 cm, fruiting layers of 11.2 cm, 22 fruiting plants per plant and a kernel weight of 77 g.
Specifically, in the first step, the male parent comprises high-oil peanuts with concentrated results, a growth period within 125 days and a kernel weight of 82 g.
Specifically, the pedigree selection method in the step two is a multiple single plant selection method, wherein excellent single plants are selected from the first separation generation of hybrids, the excellent single plants are grown into plants until stable excellent plants with uniform properties are selected, the stable plants are mixed into lines according to combinations, yield and disease resistance identification tests are carried out, and finally new varieties are bred.
Specifically, the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers in the sixth step has the following properties: the growth period is 123 days, the height of the main stem of the peanut is 35.2 cm, the plant type is upright, the number of effective branches is 8.2, and the weight of the kernel is 80 g.
The high-oil peanut variety obtained by breeding by the breeding method of the invention is proved by continuous two-year multipoint region tests to be capable of effectively resisting the problems of high latitude region, high humidity, poor temperature year, insufficient illumination and the like. And (3) breeding new high-yield high-oil peanut varieties suitable for being planted in high latitude areas according to local conditions, promoting the updating of peanut cultivars in the high latitude areas and the sustainable and healthy development of peanut industry, and ensuring the safe and effective supply of edible vegetable oil in the high latitude areas and countries.
Table A shows the yield of pods from the area of the first, second and control varieties
Table one:
according to the first table, the peanut breeding method can better breed high-oil peanut varieties suitable for being planted in high latitude areas, the crude fat content reaches 55.58%, and the kernel yield reaches 72.21%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for rapidly breeding a new variety of high-oleic-flower in a high latitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a eurytopic peanut variety planted locally is used as female parent, a high-oil material with moderate growth period and complementary characters is used as male parent, sexual hybridization is carried out to obtain 'hybrid seeds', after planting, authenticity is identified by utilizing a molecular technical means, and F is reserved1Generation of true hybrid;
step two: planting F1Selfing the hybrid to generate separate colony, selecting excellent individual plant by pedigree method, near-infrared scanning without damage, and selecting F with fat content greater than 50%2Generating superior single plants;
step three: combining the south numerous generations, repeating the second work step, and keeping F with fat content more than 53 percent3Generation and F4Generating superior single plants;
step four: planting F4And (5) generation materials, namely harvesting the generation materials with consistent and stable comprehensive characters in rows and plants, repeating the work of the second step, and keeping F with the fat content of more than 55 percent5Generating stable strains, and continuously performing excellent individual plant selection on the progeny materials with unstable characters until the progeny materials are stable;
step five: planting F5Generation and F5Selecting materials for more generations, developing yield and disease resistance identification tests, and reserving strains with comprehensive characters reaching breeding targets;
step six: taking part in the peanut regional test to breed the new variety of the medium-early-maturing high-oil flowers.
2. The rapid breeding method of the new variety of high-oleic-flower in high latitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the female parent has a growth period within 122 days, the height of the main stem is 30-40 cm, the fruiting layer is 8-12 cm, the number of single fruiting plants is 18-22, and the weight of the kernel is 75-85 g.
3. The rapid breeding method of the new variety of high-oleic-flower in high latitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step one, the male parent comprises high-oil peanuts with concentrated results, a growth period within 125 days and a kernel weight of 75-85 g.
4. The rapid breeding method of the new variety of high-oleic-flower in high latitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step two, selecting a high-quality single plant from the first separation generation of the hybrid by the pedigree method, growing the high-quality single plant into a plant line until a stable high-quality plant with regular and consistent properties is selected, mixing the stable plant into a line according to the combination, carrying out yield and disease resistance identification tests, and finally breeding into a new variety.
5. The rapid breeding method of the new variety of high-oleic-flower in high latitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: sixthly, the medium-early-maturing high-oil new variety has the characteristics that: the growth period is 120-124 days, the height of the main stem of the peanut is 30-40 cm, the plant type is upright, the number of effective branches is more than 7, and the weight of the kernel is 75-85 g.
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| CN102283100A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-12-21 | 山东省花生研究所 | Method for breeding high-oleic-acid disease-resistance peanuts |
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| CN110073968A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-02 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of fast breeding method of high oily salt tolerant peanut |
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| CN102283100A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-12-21 | 山东省花生研究所 | Method for breeding high-oleic-acid disease-resistance peanuts |
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| CN105993923A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-10-12 | 辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所 | Peanut variety breeding accelerating method suitable for northeast China region |
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| CN111387044A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-10 | 辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所(辽宁省花生研究所、辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所、辽宁省固沙造林研究所) | Breeding method of cold-resistant high-oleic acid peanut variety |
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Application publication date: 20220128 |