CN103582525B - 水-煤气变换催化剂 - Google Patents
水-煤气变换催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103582525B CN103582525B CN201280027529.1A CN201280027529A CN103582525B CN 103582525 B CN103582525 B CN 103582525B CN 201280027529 A CN201280027529 A CN 201280027529A CN 103582525 B CN103582525 B CN 103582525B
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- oxide
- titanium dioxide
- calcining
- carrier
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 18
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 metals compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSYNCHLYGJCFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O MSYNCHLYGJCFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-hydroxypropanoate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- IAGCDJZAYOZMCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanoic acid;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(O)C(O)=O IAGCDJZAYOZMCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)N(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;trihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound CCCO[Ti](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8872—Alkali or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
描述了一种用于制备适用于酸性水-煤气变换方法的催化剂的催化剂前体,其包含:5-30重量%的选自氧化钨和氧化钼的催化活性金属氧化物;1-10重量%的选自氧化钴和氧化镍的助催化剂金属氧化物;和1-15重量%的选自钠、钾和铯的碱金属的氧化物;该催化剂前体负载在二氧化钛催化剂载体上。
Description
本发明涉及适用于酸性水-煤气变换方法的催化剂。
水-煤气变换过程被用于调整合成气的氢含量。
合成气可以通过在升高的温度和压力,使用氧气或者空气和蒸汽气化含碳原料(例如煤、石油焦或者其他富碳原料)来产生。为了实现适于生产甲醇或者烃的气体化学计量,或者为了生产用于产生氨或者动力的氢气,气体组成必须通过提高氢含量来调整。这通过在升高的温度和压力,在蒸汽存在下将原料合成气送过合适的水煤气变换催化剂来实现。合成气通常包含一种或多种硫化合物,因此必须使用耐硫的催化剂(也称作“酸性变换”催化剂)来处理。该反应可以如下来表述:
这个反应是放热的,并且通常它允许绝热(即不施加冷却)来运行,并且控制出口温度,该出口温度受控于原料气体入口温度、组成和受控于一些合成气在反应器周围绕过。
在高于400℃的温度,常规催化剂上会发生不期望的副反应(特别是甲烷化反应)。为了避免它,变换反应需要加入相当大量的蒸汽来防止失控和确保在另外的甲烷形成最少的情况下获得所需的合成气组成。产生蒸汽的成本会相当大,因此期望尽可能降低它。
常规的催化剂(例如KATALCOJM TMK8-11)通常的组成为硫化的钴和钼,其负载在包含氧化镁和氧化铝的载体上。这样的催化剂描述在US3529935中。该催化剂典型地以氧化物的形式提供给最终用户,并且原位硫化来产生活性形式。可选地,可以提供预活化的硫化的催化剂,不过它们会更难以处理。
本发明人已经设计了一种催化剂,其产生了降低水平的甲烷化,因此在蒸汽:CO低的水煤气变换方法中是有用的。
因此,本发明提供一种用于制备适用于酸性水-煤气变换方法的催化剂的催化剂前体,其包含:5-30重量%的选自氧化钨和氧化钼的催化活性金属氧化物;1-10重量%的选自氧化钴和氧化镍的助催化剂金属氧化物;和1-15重量%的选自钠、钾和铯的碱金属的氧化物;该催化剂前体负载在二氧化钛催化剂载体上。
本发明进一步提供了包含该硫化的催化剂前体的催化剂,制备该催化剂前体和催化剂的方法,和使用该催化剂的水煤气变换方法。
我们已经发现,碱金属和二氧化钛催化剂载体的组合令人惊讶地降低了甲烷化副反应。
催化活性金属氧化物可以是氧化钨或者氧化钼,并且存在量为5-30重量%,优选为5-15重量%,更优选为5-10重量%。催化活性金属氧化物优选为氧化钼。
助催化剂金属氧化物可以是氧化镍或氧化钴,并且存在量为1-10重量%,优选为2-7重量%。助催化剂金属氧化物优选为氧化钴。氧化钴可以以CoO或者Co3O4的形式存在。无论存在的是哪种形式的氧化钴,这里的催化剂前体中的存在量都是以CoO来表达的。
催化剂前体进一步包含选自钠、钾或铯的碱金属氧化物,存在量为1-15重量%,优选为5-15重量%。优选碱金属氧化物为氧化钾。
催化活性金属氧化物、助催化剂金属氧化物和碱金属氧化物负载在二氧化钛催化剂载体上。“二氧化钛催化剂载体”表示催化活性金属氧化物、助催化剂金属氧化物和碱金属氧化物位于二氧化钛表面上。优选≥85wt%,更优选≥90wt%,最优选≥95wt%和特别是99wt%或者基本上全部的催化活性金属氧化物、助催化剂金属氧化物和碱金属氧化物位于二氧化钛表面上。因此,二氧化钛载体可以是体相(bulk)二氧化钛载体或二氧化钛涂覆的载体。
优选催化剂前体的基本组成是负载在二氧化钛催化剂载体上的催化活性金属氧化物、助催化剂金属氧化物和碱金属氧化物。
体相二氧化钛载体(其包含遍布该载体的二氧化钛)的形式可以是粉末或者成形单元(例如成形粒料或挤出物,其可以是叶状或者有凹槽的)。合适的粉末状二氧化钛具有表面重均直径D[3,2]为1-100μm、特别地为3-100μm的粒子。如果需要,可以通过将二氧化钛在水中制浆和喷雾干燥来增加粒度。优选BET表面积为10-500m2/g。体相二氧化钛粉末可以用于制作成形粒料或者挤出物,或者可以用于制备含二氧化钛的修补基面涂层(wash-coat),其可以施用到催化剂载体结构上。成形的二氧化钛载体可以具有多种形状和粒度,这取决于制造它们所用的模具或者口模。例如,成形的二氧化钛载体可以具有圆形、叶状或者其他形状的截面形状,并且可以具有1-15mm的宽度和约1-15mm的长度。表面积可以为10-500m2/g,和优选为50-400m2/g。二氧化钛的孔体积可以为0.1-4ml/g,优选为0.2-2ml/g和平均孔径优选为2-约30nm。体相二氧化钛载体可以包含另一难熔氧化物材料,但是体相二氧化钛催化剂载体优选包含≥85wt%的二氧化钛,更优选≥90wt%的二氧化钛,最优选≥95wt%的二氧化钛和特别是≥99wt%的二氧化钛。二氧化钛可以是无定形的或者为锐钛矿或金红石形式。由于锐钛矿二氧化钛作为催化剂载体的优异性能,优选二氧化钛主要是锐钛矿二氧化钛。合适的体相二氧化钛催化剂载体包括获自Evonik-Degussa的P25二氧化钛粉末,据报告其锐钛矿、金红石和无定形相之比为约78:14:8。
二氧化钛催化剂载体可以是沉淀的载体材料,通过如下来制备:用碱金属化合物沉淀钛化合物,任选地用水清洗该沉淀物来除去碱金属化合物,干燥和煅烧经清洗的材料。所形成的二氧化钛材料可以以粉末形式使用或者采用常规技术来成形。已经发现,沉淀的二氧化钛具有特别适于作为催化剂载体用于催化剂前体的性能。
在一个可选的实施方案中,二氧化钛作为芯材上的涂层而存在。因此,二氧化钛涂覆的载体可以包含2-40wt%、优选5-30wt%、更优选5-20wt%和特别地4-10wt%的二氧化钛作为芯材上的表面层。芯材可以是任何合适的催化剂载体结构,例如规整填料、整料、成形的粒料或挤出物、或者粉末。二氧化钛涂覆的粉末可以用于制作成形单元(例如挤出物或者粒料),或者可以用于制备修补基面涂层,其可以施涂到催化剂载体结构。合适的芯材包括金属、陶瓷、难熔氧化物和其他惰性固体。根据二氧化钛涂层所需的性能和形式,所用的芯材可以是多孔的或者非多孔的。当通过将钛化合物浸渍或者沉淀到载体上,随后将钛化合物转化成二氧化钛而形成二氧化钛涂层时,优选多孔芯材,而当通过用含二氧化钛的浆料修补基面涂覆(washcoating)芯材来形成二氧化钛涂层时,则可以使用非多孔材料。
合适的多孔芯材具有用于水-煤气变换过程的足够的水热稳定性,并且包括氧化铝、水合氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化镁和氧化锆载体材料及其混合物。优选氧化铝、水合氧化铝和铝酸镁尖晶石。特别优选的氧化铝是过渡型氧化铝。过渡型氧化铝可以属于γ-氧化铝类,例如η-氧化铝或χ-氧化铝。可选地,过渡型氧化铝可以属于δ-氧化铝组,其包括高温形式例如δ-和θ-氧化铝。过渡型氧化铝优选包含γ氧化铝和/或δ氧化铝,其BET表面积为120-160m2/g。
二氧化钛涂覆的载体的粒度、表面积和孔隙率可以来源于芯材。因此由多孔芯材形成的粉末状二氧化钛涂覆的载体的表面重均直径D[3,2]为1-200μm,特别地为5-100μm和BET表面积为50-500m2/g。由多孔芯材形成的成形的二氧化钛涂覆的载体可以具有圆形、叶状或者其他形状的截面形状,并且可以具有1-15mm的宽度和约1-15mm的长度。表面积可以为10-500m2/g和优选为100-400m2/g。使用多孔芯材制造的二氧化钛涂覆的载体的孔体积可以为0.1-4ml/g,但是优选为0.3-2ml/g和平均孔径优选为2-约30nm。
合适的非多孔芯材是陶瓷(例如某些尖晶石或者钙钛矿以及α-氧化铝)或者金属催化剂载体(包括合适的改性钢载体材料)(例如FecralloyTM)。
催化剂前体可以作为规整填料或者整料(例如蜂巢状或者泡沫材料)来提供,但是优选形式为成形单元(例如粒料或者挤出物)。整料、粒料和挤出物可以使用常规方法由粉末状材料来制备。可选地,在二氧化钛催化剂载体是粉末时,它可以用于产生催化剂前体粉末,或者如果需要,在用催化活性金属、助催化剂金属和碱金属处理之前通过造粒或者挤出来成形。在粉末状催化剂载体或者催化剂前体成形时,可以理解所形成的成形催化剂前体可以另外的包含少量的(例如总共0.1-5wt%)成形助剂(例如润滑剂和/或粘合剂)。类似地,在存在修补基面涂覆的二氧化钛时,可以另外存在少量的(例如总共0.1-5wt%)修补基面涂层添加剂。
将催化剂前体硫化来提供活性催化剂。因此,本发明进一步提供包含前述硫化的催化剂前体的催化剂,其中至少一部分催化活性金属处于一种或多种金属硫化物的形式。
催化剂前体可以通过众多的路线来制造。在一个实施方案中,前体通过浸渍方法来制造,其中将二氧化钛催化剂载体用催化活性金属、助催化剂金属和碱金属的化合物来浸渍,并且加热这些化合物来将它们转化成相应的氧化物。已经发现一种两步程序,由此在催化活性金属氧化物和助催化剂金属氧化物沉积后,在第二步中形成碱金属氧化物是有利的。
因此,本发明提供一种制备催化剂前体的方法,其包括步骤:(i)用溶液浸渍二氧化钛催化剂载体,该溶液包含选自钨和钼的化合物的催化活性金属化合物和选自钴和镍的化合物的助催化剂金属化合物,(ii)干燥和任选地煅烧经浸渍的二氧化钛载体以形成第一材料,(iii)用选自钠、钾和铯的化合物的碱金属化合物溶液浸渍该第一材料,和(iv)干燥和煅烧经浸渍的材料以形成经煅烧的第二材料。
第一浸渍步骤(i)可以使用共浸渍或者依次浸渍催化活性金属和助催化剂金属来进行。
二氧化钛催化剂载体可以是市售的二氧化钛催化剂载体。
可选地,如上所述,二氧化钛催化剂载体可以通过如下来制备:用碱金属化合物沉淀钛化合物,用水清洗该沉淀物以除去碱金属化合物,干燥和煅烧经清洗的材料。为此,煅烧可以在350-550℃、优选400-550℃、更优选450-550℃的温度进行。煅烧时间可以是1-8小时。钛化合物可以选自氯化物、硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、草酸盐和醇盐(例如乙醇盐、丙醇物和丁醇盐)及其混合物。例如,一种合适的钛化合物是TiCl3在盐酸中的市售溶液。碱性沉淀剂可以选自钠或钾的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或者碳酸氢盐或者它们的混合物。可选地,可以使用氢氧化铵或者有机碱。
可选地,如上所述,二氧化钛催化剂载体可以是二氧化钛涂覆的载体。二氧化钛涂层可以使用众多的方法来生产。在一个实施方案中,二氧化钛层通过用合适的钛化合物浸渍芯材的表面,和煅烧该经浸渍的材料来将钛化合物转化成二氧化钛而形成。合适的钛化合物是有机钛化合物,例如钛醇盐(例如丙醇钛或者丁醇钛)、螯合的钛化合物和水溶性钛盐(例如酸性氯化钛盐、乳酸钛盐或者柠檬酸钛盐)。可以重复涂覆和煅烧,直到二氧化钛含量处于所需水平。优选在450-550℃的温度煅烧。煅烧时间可以为1-8小时。以此方式形成的二氧化钛表面层的厚度优选为1-5个单分子层厚。可选地,二氧化钛涂层可以通过将钛化合物沉淀到芯材上,并且加热来将沉淀的材料转化成二氧化钛来生产,类似于上述用于沉淀体相二氧化钛催化剂载体的方式。可选地,二氧化钛层可以使用常规的修补基面涂覆技术施涂到芯材,其中将二氧化钛材料的浆料施涂到芯材。依此方式形成的二氧化钛表面层的厚度可以是10-1000μm厚。在该实施方案中,优选用于制备修补基面涂层的二氧化钛材料包含第一材料;即,二氧化钛粉末,在其上已经施涂了催化活性金属和助催化剂金属,并且转化成各自的氧化物。然后,可以进行用碱性化合物随后处理经干燥和煅烧的修补基面涂层,随后煅烧来形成催化剂前体。
催化活性金属、助催化剂金属和碱金属的化合物可以是任何合适的可溶化合物。这些化合物优选是水溶性盐,包括但不限于金属硝酸盐和氨络合物。特别优选的化合物包括硝酸钴,钼酸铵和硝酸钾。还可以使用本领域技术人员公知的络合剂和分散助剂,例如乙酸、柠檬酸和草酸及其组合。这些试剂和助剂通常通过煅烧步骤除去。
任选进行钴和钼浸渍的二氧化钛载体第一煅烧以形成第一材料,该第一煅烧可以在300-600℃,优选350-550℃的温度进行。煅烧时间可以为1-8小时。包括第一煅烧步骤是令人期望的,特别是当用于第二浸渍步骤(iii)的溶剂可能导致催化活性金属和/或助催化剂金属从二氧化钛载体表面溶解时。
已经发现第二煅烧可以用于改进催化剂的性能。所以优选用来形成经煅烧的第二材料的煅烧在450-800℃、优选475-600℃、更优选475-525℃的温度进行的。煅烧时间可以为1-8小时。
当经煅烧的第二材料是粉末时,制备方法优选进一步包括将第二经煅烧的材料成形为粒料、挤出物或者颗粒的步骤。这样,所形成的催化剂不会对穿过水-煤气变换容器的压力降低产生不利作用。
催化剂前体可以提供到水-煤气变换容器,并且使用含有合适的硫化化合物的气体混合物来原位硫化,或者可以作为催化剂生产方法的一部分异位硫化。因此,本发明进一步提供一种制备催化剂的方法,其包括硫化前述催化剂前体的步骤。
硫化可以通过在合适的容器中向前体施加硫化气流来进行。硫化气流可以是含有一种或多种硫化合物的合成气或者可以是含有一种或多种合适的硫化化合物的氢气和氮气的共混物。优选的硫化化合物是硫化氢(H2S)和硫化羰(COS)。优选硫化步骤用含硫化氢的气体来进行。
催化剂可用于催化水煤气变换反应。因此,本发明提供一种水-煤气变换方法,其包括将包含氢、蒸汽、一氧化碳和二氧化碳并包含一种或多种硫化合物的合成气与此处所述的催化剂或者催化剂前体接触。
合成气可以是来源于蒸汽重整、部分氧化、自热重整或者其组合的合成气。优选合成气来源于气化过程,例如煤、石油焦或者生物质的气化。取决于所用的工艺,这些气体的一氧化碳含量可以为20-60mol%。合成气需要足够的蒸汽来进行水-煤气变换反应。来源于气化过程的合成气可能是贫含蒸汽的,如果这样,则必须加入蒸汽。蒸汽可以直接注射加入或者通过其他工具(例如饱和器或者蒸汽汽提器)加入。理想地,应当控制蒸汽的量,以使得供给到催化剂的富含蒸汽的合成气混合物中的总蒸汽:合成气的体积比是0.5:1-4:1。已经发现,本发明的催化剂在蒸汽:CO比为0.5-2.5:1时,优选在0.5-1.8:1、更优选1.05-1.8:1的低蒸汽:CO比时特别适用于合成气。
转化方法的入口温度可以为220-370℃,但是优选240-350℃。该转化方法优选绝热运行,而不冷却催化剂床,不过如果需要,可以施加一些冷却。来自转化容器的出口温度优选≤500℃,更优选≤475℃,来使得催化剂的寿命和性能最大化。
该方法优选在1-100bar绝对压力,更优选15-65bar绝对压力的升高的压力运行。
水-煤气变换反应将合成气中的CO转化成CO2。虽然可以使用一次通过布置,但是在一些情况中优选可以使用两个或者更多个含有催化剂的转化容器,在容器之间进行温度控制,并且任选地使一部分合成气旁通绕过第一容器到第二或者下游容器。理想地,运行该转化方法以使得基于干燥气体,产物气体混合物的CO含量≤10体积%,优选基于干燥气体≤7.5体积%。
可以参照下面的实施例,进一步描述本发明。
实施例1(对比例)
在第一测试中,将由24.0mol%的氢气、41.3mol%的CO、4.2mol%的CO2、1.4mol%的惰性气体(Ar+N2)和29.1mol%的H2O(相应的蒸汽:CO之比为0.70)组成的供料气以35bar和GHSV为30,000Nm3/m3/h-1送过压碎的KATALCOJMK8-11酸性转化催化剂(粒度范围为0.2-0.4mm)的床。对该测试依次分别使用了两个温度,250℃和500℃。在测试含有在氮气中的1mol%的H2S和10mol%的H2的原料的测试之前,对催化剂进行预硫化。
表1中报告了在该测试中在250℃和500℃所测量的稳态CO转化率,以及在500℃测量的相应的甲烷浓度。
实施例2(对比例)
通过用1M的NaOH沉淀1M的TiCl3溶液来制备二氧化钛载体(最终的pH值为9)。将所形成的沉淀物清洗、真空过滤、干燥和最终在400℃在空气中煅烧12小时。随后将所形成的粉末状TiO2载体用含有适当浓度的Co(NO3)2和(NH4)6Mo7O24的溶液共浸渍,来实现目标金属负载。在浸渍后,将所形成的催化剂前体干燥和在400℃煅烧4小时。
所形成的催化剂包含4wt%的CoO和8wt%的MoO3。将该催化剂在与实施例1所规定的相同条件下测试。所得结果同样报告在表1中。
实施例3
重复实施例2描述的制备路线,但是在含有Co和Mo的经煅烧的催化剂上进行另外的浸渍步骤。进行此的目的是引入1wt%的K2O助催化剂。将适当浓度的KNO3溶液用于该步骤。在钾浸渍后,将该催化剂干燥和在400℃煅烧4小时。在实施例1规定的条件下测试该催化剂。所得结果报告在表1中。
实施例4
重复实施例3描述的制备路线,但是将钾水平提高到5wt%的K2O。在实施例1规定的条件下测试所形成的催化剂,并且所得结果报告在表1中。
实施例5
重复实施例3描述的制备路线,但是将钾水平提高到14wt%的K2O。在实施例1规定的条件下测试所形成的催化剂,并且所得结果同样报告在表1中。
实施例6
重复实施例4描述的制备路线,但是将最终的煅烧温度升高到500℃。同样在实施例1规定的条件下测试所形成的催化剂,并且所得结果报告在表1中。
表1
基于上面的结果,很显然TiO2负载的CoMo催化剂对于在硫存在下的WGS反应是高活性的。但是在不存在碱时,甲烷的生产率在这些低蒸汽条件下也是高的(实施例2)。为了生成既有活性又有选择性(低甲烷)的催化剂,必须用适量的碱(5-15wt%氧化钾)来促进基于TiO2的催化剂。
此外,观察到在较高温度500℃煅烧CoMo-K/TiO2配制物(实施例6)进一步改进了催化剂的活性和选择性二者。
实施例7
如下制备了二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体。如下制备该载体:将128g的钛酸四异丙酯(VERTECTMTIPT)在1000g异丙醇中稀释,然后与400g的γ氧化铝(PuraloxTMHP14/150,可获自Sasol)在旋转蒸发器中在45℃混合30分钟。然后通过将温度升高到90℃和施加真空来除去异丙醇。将所形成的粒子在120℃干燥15小时后,在400℃煅烧8小时。基于氧化铝的重量,该载体包含5.4%的Ti。
实施例8
如下制备了二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体。将400g的PuraloxTMHP14/150氧化铝与在2500g的去离子水中稀释的138g76%的乳酸钛水溶液混合30分钟。将所形成的浆料使用192g14%的氨溶液调整到pH值为9.5。然后将固体通过真空过滤除去,在水中重新制浆和用2升去离子水清洗两次。将所形成的粒子在120℃干燥15小时后,在400℃煅烧8小时。基于氧化铝的重量,该载体包含5.4%的Ti。
实施例9(对比例)
在另一测试中,将由5000ppm的H2S、20.6mol%的氢气、35.5mol%的CO、3.6mol%的CO2、1.2mol%的惰性气体(Ar+N2)和39.1mol%的H2O(对应于蒸汽:CO之比为1.1)组成的原料气以35bar和GHSV为30000Nm3/m3/h-1送过压碎的KATALCOJMK8-11酸性转化催化剂(粒度范围为0.2-0.4mm)的床。该测试在450℃的温度进行,并且在用含有在氮气中的1mol%的H2S和10mol%的H2的原料的测试之前,对催化剂进行预硫化。
表2中报告了在该测试中在450℃所测量的稳态CO转化率,以及在450℃测量的相应的甲烷浓度。
实施例10
通过在MgO-Al2O3粉末存在下用NaOH沉淀TiCl3来制备二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体(最终的pH值为9)。将所形成的浆料用软化水清洗、真空过滤、干燥和然后在空气中在500℃煅烧4小时。该载体包含38wt%的TiO2。将所形成的粉末用含有适当负载的Co(NO3)2和(NH4)6Mo7O24的溶液浸渍,来实现目标金属的负载。在浸渍后,将催化剂前体干燥和在空气中在500℃煅烧4小时。
用KNO3溶液重复该浸渍步骤,并且在500℃煅烧4小时。最终的催化剂包含4wt%的CoO、7wt%的MoO3和5wt%的K2O。将该催化剂在与实施例9规定的相同条件下测试。所得结果报告在表2中。
实施例11
使用表面积为50m2/g的市售二氧化钛粉末通过用Co(NO3)2和(NH4)6Mo7O24浸渍来制备催化剂,来实现目标金属的负载。在浸渍后,将所形成的催化剂前体干燥和然后在500℃煅烧4小时。所形成的催化剂包含4wt%的CoO和8wt%的MoO3。使用KNO3重复该浸渍、干燥和煅烧步骤,来实现6wt%的K2O的负载。将该催化剂在与实施例9规定的相同条件下测试,所得结果报告在表2中。
实施例12
用四异丙醇钛在正丙醇中的溶液浸渍MgO-Al2O3挤出物来制备二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体。将该载体在空气中在105℃干燥4小时和在空气中在400℃煅烧4小时。最终的TiO2负载是4.5wt%。将所制备的挤出物用Co(NO3)2和(NH4)6Mo7O24浸渍,来实现目标金属的负载。将该催化剂干燥,然后在空气中在500℃煅烧4小时。第二浸渍用KNO3进行,随后同样进行干燥,再在空气中在500℃煅烧4小时。最终所实现的负载是2wt%的CoO、8wt%的MoO3和5wt%的K2O。将该催化剂在与实施例9规定的相同条件下测试。所得结果报告在表2中。
表2
表2的结果表明相对于基本例子(KATALCOJMK8-11),TiO2涂覆的载体和体相TiO2负载的催化剂对于在硫存在下的WGS反应是高活性的。向含TiO2的催化剂中加入K2O也有利于明显降低在所测试的低蒸汽:CO条件下甲烷的形成。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于制备适用于酸性水-煤气变换方法的催化剂的催化剂前体,其包含:
5-30重量%的选自氧化钨和氧化钼的催化活性金属氧化物;
1-10重量%的选自氧化钴和氧化镍的助催化剂金属氧化物;和
5-15重量%的选自钠和钾的碱金属的氧化物;
该催化剂前体负载在二氧化钛催化剂载体上,其中该二氧化钛催化剂载体是二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体或者包含≥85wt%二氧化钛的体相二氧化钛催化剂载体,所述体相二氧化钛催化剂载体或者所述二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体具有10-500m2/g的表面积、0.1-4ml/g的孔体积和2-30nm的平均孔径。
2.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该催化活性金属氧化物是氧化钼。
3.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该助催化剂金属氧化物是氧化钴。
4.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该碱金属的氧化物是氧化钾。
5.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该催化活性金属氧化物的存在量是5-15重量%。
6.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该助催化剂金属氧化物的存在量是2-7重量%。
7.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该体相二氧化钛催化剂载体包含≥90wt%的二氧化钛。
8.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中二氧化钛涂覆的催化剂载体包含2-40wt%的二氧化钛作为芯材上的表面层。
9.根据权利要求8的催化剂前体,其中该芯材是多孔载体或者非多孔载体。
10.一种催化剂,其包含硫化的根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中至少一部分该催化活性金属为一种或多种金属硫化物的形式。
11.一种制备根据权利要求1的催化剂前体的方法,其包括步骤:(i)用溶液浸渍二氧化钛催化剂载体,该溶液包含选自钨和钼的化合物的催化活性金属化合物和选自钴和镍的化合物的助催化剂金属化合物,(ii)干燥和任选地煅烧经浸渍的二氧化钛载体以形成第一材料,(iii)用选自钠和钾的化合物的碱金属化合物溶液浸渍该第一材料,和(iv)干燥和煅烧经浸渍的材料以形成经煅烧的第二材料。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中该二氧化钛催化剂载体通过如下来制备:用碱金属化合物沉淀钛化合物,任选地用水清洗该沉淀物以除去碱金属化合物,干燥和煅烧经清洗的材料。
13.根据权利要求11的方法,其中该二氧化钛催化剂载体通过如下来制备:用钛化合物涂覆芯材的表面,并且加热经涂覆的材料以将该钛化合物转化为二氧化钛。
14.根据权利要求11的方法,其包括制备该第一材料的修补基面涂层,将该修补基面涂层施用到芯材,然后在用碱金属溶液浸渍之前,干燥和煅烧经修补基面涂覆的第一材料。
15.根据权利要求11的方法,其中用来形成经煅烧的第二材料的煅烧在450-800℃的温度进行。
16.根据权利要求11的方法,其中当经煅烧的第二材料是粉末时,该方法进一步包括将第二经煅烧的材料成形为粒料或者挤出物的步骤。
17.一种制备权利要求10的催化剂的方法,其包括用硫化化合物硫化权利要求1的催化剂前体或者用硫化化合物硫化根据权利要求11的方法所制备的催化剂前体的步骤。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,其中该硫化步骤用包含硫化氢的气体来进行。
19.一种水-煤气变换方法,其包括将包含氢、蒸汽、一氧化碳和二氧化碳并且包含一种或多种硫化合物的合成气与权利要求10的催化剂或者根据权利要求17所制备的催化剂接触。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其中该合成气中蒸汽与一氧化碳的摩尔比是0.5-1.8:1。
21.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该催化活性金属氧化物的存在量是5-10重量%。
22.根据权利要求1的催化剂前体,其中该体相二氧化钛催化剂载体包含≥95wt%的二氧化钛。
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AU2012397688B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-05-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering, Ltd. | CO shift catalyst, CO shift reactor, and method for purifying gasification gas |
WO2014114824A1 (es) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-07-31 | Abengoa Bioenergía Nuevas Tecnologías, S. A. | Catalizadores y su uso en la obtención de alcoholes superiores |
US9403152B2 (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-08-02 | Clariant Corporation | Catalyst materials useful for sour gas shift reactions and methods for using them |
CN104841435A (zh) * | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种碱金属掺杂改性煤制天然气甲烷合成催化剂及其制备方法 |
KR101738486B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-06-08 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 촉매 지지체 표면에 금속산화물 코팅층을 형성하는 방법과 금속산화물 코팅층을 포함하는 촉매 지지체 및 촉매장치 |
CN109794257B (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2022-03-22 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法 |
EP3689451A1 (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-08-05 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Catalyst for the synthesis of alkyl mercaptan and process for its preparation |
CN114100624B (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-08-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 高岭土改性耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN114177912B (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2024-02-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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