CN114425395B - 一种多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114425395B CN114425395B CN202011078225.0A CN202011078225A CN114425395B CN 114425395 B CN114425395 B CN 114425395B CN 202011078225 A CN202011078225 A CN 202011078225A CN 114425395 B CN114425395 B CN 114425395B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Mo] WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- INILCLIQNYSABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo].[Co]=S INILCLIQNYSABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/0308—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41
- B01J29/0341—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8872—Alkali or alkaline earth metals
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/041—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41
- B01J29/045—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
-
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Abstract
公开了一种钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,具有钙钛矿型结构并且具有孔道结构。此外,还公开了该催化剂的制备方法和应用。当用于耐硫变换反应时,其可明显提升催化剂的催化活性,硬模板法产生的多孔材料可以使反应物吸附在孔的表面和内部,从而改善接触面积,从而提高催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于煤化工技术领域;涉及一种煤化工耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法与应用;更具体地,涉及一种多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
耐硫变换是煤高效利用的重要途径,也是当前制氢的主要方式,而催化剂是耐硫变换过程的核心技术。
与其他种类的催化剂相比,钴钼基催化剂具备耐硫、反应温度范围宽、成本低、制备过程简单等优势,在国内外装置中应用最为广泛。作为钴钼基耐硫变换催化剂,应具有高活性和高稳定性。但是目前的钴钼基催化剂在稳定性和活性方面仍具有较高的提升空间。
近年来,钙钛矿型催化剂因具有优良的导电性、磁性、热电性、压电性等诸多性能,且制备成本低廉、在高温下具有热力学和机械稳定性,同时高温条件下是优良的氧离子和电子导体,而引起了人们的广泛关注。钙钛矿型金属氧化物催化剂的通式为ABO3。通常A元素为催化活性较低但起稳定作用的元素,而B元素是过渡金属元素,起主要活性作用。通过替换部分A和B原子,可进一步提高催化活性。但是传统的钙钛矿几乎没有孔隙,这使得其作为催化剂时催化反应过程只发生在外表面,限制了该材料的催化能力。
中国专利申请CN105107513A公开了一种以介孔硅为模板制备Cu基水煤气变换催化剂的方法,先将包括可溶性铜盐和可溶性铈盐在内的多种金属盐溶于第一易挥发有机溶剂中制得第一溶于体系,并将介孔氧化硅溶于第二易挥发溶剂制得第二溶液体系,之后利用所述第一溶液体系与所述第二溶液体系混合并在适合条件下制备得到Cu基水煤气变换催化剂。该方法制备得到Cu基水煤气变换催化剂具有比表面积大、活性组分的分散度高、耐高温性能好、变换活性高等特点。
发明人通过充分检索现有技术,尚未发现将钴钼基催化剂制成多孔钙钛矿型钴钼耐硫变换催化剂的文献报道。发明人惊奇地发现,当钴钼基催化剂掺杂合适的元素并使用硬模板法制成多孔钙钛矿型钴钼耐硫变换催化剂,可明显提升催化剂的催化活性,硬模板法产生的多孔材料可以使反应物吸附在孔的表面和内部,从而改善接触面积,从而提高催化性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂。所述催化剂具有丰富的孔道结构,能够增强催化剂包含的孔道对反应气体的吸附能力,增加活性位点的暴露量,从而明显增强钙钛矿基耐硫变换催化剂的催化活性。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种上述多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂的制备方法。所述制备方法过程简单,易于操作,适合大规模工业化应用。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种上述多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂的应用。当用于耐硫变换反应时,其具备较高稳定性和催化剂寿命,同时具备较高的催化活性,从而显著提高了CO转化率。
为实现上述目的,一方面,本发明提供了一种多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,所述催化剂具有钙钛矿型结构并且具有孔道结构。
根据本发明前述的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,其中,所述催化剂具有化学式1表示的组成:
ABO3 式1
其中,A表示稀土金属元素、碱金属元素和/或碱土金属元素中的一种或多种;B表示钼和/或钴。
作为稀土金属元素,包括但不限于,镧(La)、铈(Ce)、钪(Sc)、钇(Y)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钐(Sm)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)等。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选镧(La)、铈(Ce)、钕(Nd)、钆(Gd)。
作为碱金属元素,包括但不限于,锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、钫(Fr)。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选钠(Na)、钾(K)。
作为碱土金属元素,包括但不限于,铍(Be)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、镭(Ra)。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)。
根据本发明前述的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,其中,所述催化剂具有化学式2表示的组成:
(A1)x(A2)1-xBO3 式2
其中,A1表示镧(La);A2表示除镧(La)之外的稀土金属元素、碱金属元素和/或碱土金属元素中的一种或多种;B表示钼和/或钴的一种或两种;0≤x≤1。
作为稀土金属元素,包括但不限于,镧(La)、铈(Ce)、钪(Sc)、钇(Y)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钐(Sm)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)等。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选镧(La)、铈(Ce)、钕(Nd)、钆(Gd)。
作为碱金属元素,包括但不限于,锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、钫(Fr)。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选钠(Na)、钾(K)。
作为碱土金属元素,包括但不限于,铍(Be)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、镭(Ra)。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)。
优选地,B至少一种元素为钼。
优选地,0.5≤x≤1;进一步地,0.55≤x≤1,0.6≤x≤1,0.65≤x≤1,0.7≤x≤1,0.75≤x≤1,0.8≤x≤1,0.85≤x≤1,0.9≤x≤1,0.95≤x≤1,0.96≤x≤1,0.97≤x≤1,0.98≤x≤1,0.99≤x≤1。
根据本发明前述的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,其中,所述催化剂具有化学式3表示的组成:
(A1)x(A2)1-x(B1)y(B2)1-yO3 式3
其中,A1表示镧(La);A2表示碱金属元素和/或碱土金属元素中的一种或多种,优选表示碱土金属元素中的一种;B1表示钼;B2表示钴;0≤x≤1;0.4≤y≤1。
作为碱金属元素,包括但不限于,锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、钫(Fr)。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选钠(Na)、钾(K)。
作为碱土金属元素,包括但不限于,铍(Be)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、镭(Ra)。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr);更优选镁(Mg)和/或锶(Sr)。
优选地,0.5≤x≤1;进一步地,0.55≤x≤1,0.6≤x≤1,0.65≤x≤1,0.7≤x≤1,0.75≤x≤1,0.8≤x≤1,0.85≤x≤1,0.9≤x≤1,0.95≤x≤1,0.96≤x≤1,0.97≤x≤1,0.98≤x≤1,0.99≤x≤1。
在一个具体的实施方式中,0.8≤x≤1。在一个更具体的实施方式中,x=0.8、0.9或1。
优选地,0.4≤y≤1;进一步地,0.45≤y≤1,0.5≤y≤1,0.55≤y≤1,0.6≤y≤1,0.65≤y≤1,0.7≤y≤1,0.75≤y≤1,0.8≤y≤1,0.85≤y≤1,0.9≤y≤1,0.95≤y≤1。
或者,0.4≤y≤0.9,0.4≤y≤0.8,0.4≤y≤0.7,0.4≤y≤0.6,0.4≤y≤0.5,0.5≤y≤0.9,0.5≤y≤0.8,0.5≤y≤0.7,0.5≤y≤0.6,0.6≤y≤0.9,0.6≤y≤0.8,0.6≤y≤0.7,0.7≤y≤0.9,0.7≤y≤0.8,0.8≤y≤0.9。
在一个具体的实施方式中,0.4≤y≤0.6。在一个更具体的实施方式中,0.45≤y≤0.55。在一个更加具体的实施方式中,y=0.45或0.55。
根据本发明前述的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,其中,所述孔道结构的BET比表面积为40-220m2/g。
优选地,所述孔道结构的BET比表面积为40-210m2/g;更优选为80-200m2/g;进一步优选为100-1800m2/g;进一步更优选为115-180m2/g;进一步优选为120-170m2/g;以及,最优选为125-160m2/g。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述孔道结构的BET比表面积为142.5m2/g。
根据本发明前述的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂,其中,所述孔道结构的孔容(Pore Volume)为0.094-0.210cm3/g。
优选地,所述孔道结构的孔容为0.095-0.200cm3/g;更优选为0.096-0.190cm3/g;进一步优选为0.097-0.180cm3/g;进一步更优选为0.098-0.170cm3/g;进一步优选为0.099-0.160cm3/g;以及,最优选为0.100-0.150cm3/g。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述孔道结构的孔容为0.115cm3/g。
在本发明中,所述孔容由BJH法的孔径分布曲线计算得到。
另一方面,本发明提供了上述多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂的制备方法,所述方法包括:
(1)获得包含羟基羧酸、A元素盐和B元素盐的水性溶液/分散液;
(2)水溶液/分散液在室温下实现溶胶化,获得溶胶;
(3)向所述溶胶中加入介孔二氧化硅材料,混合均匀,获得悬浮液;
(4)所述悬浮液在升高的温度下实现凝胶化,获得凝胶;
(5)将干燥的凝胶焙烧,获得固体材料;
(6)使用脱模板剂处理所述固体材料,除去二氧化硅;洗涤干燥,获得所述多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂。
作为羟基羧酸,包括但不限于,柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、羟基丁酸,等等。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选柠檬酸。
作为盐,包括但不限于,硝酸盐、氯化物、硫酸盐、醋酸盐,以及金属自身的含氧酸盐。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,羟基羧酸的添加量为1-1.4mol。
优选地,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,羟基羧酸的添加量为1.05-1.35mol;更优选地,羟基羧酸的添加量为1.1-1.3mol;以及,最优选地,羟基羧酸的添加量为1.15-1.25mol。
在一个具体的实施方式中,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,羟基羧酸的添加量为1.2mol。
在本发明中,所述室温表示20-35℃,优选25-35℃。
实现溶胶化的手段是本领域技术人员熟知的。在一个具体的实施方式中,所述手段来自搅拌。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,所述介孔二氧化硅材料选自无定形介孔SiO2或有序介孔分子筛。
作为介孔分子筛,包括但不限于,SBA-15、MCM-41等。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,所述介孔二氧化硅材料的添加量为10-200g。
优选地,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,所述介孔二氧化硅材料的添加量为20-150g;更优选地,所述介孔二氧化硅材料的添加量为30-100g;以及,最优选地,所述介孔二氧化硅材料的添加量为40-80g。
在一个具体的实施方式中,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,所述介孔二氧化硅材料的添加量为50g。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,所述温度为40-200℃,优选45-190℃,更优选50-180℃,以及,最优选55-160℃。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述温度为60℃。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,所述焙烧在200-1100℃,优选300-1000℃,更优选400-900℃,以及最优选500-800℃下进行。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述焙烧在600℃下进行。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,所述焙烧时间为1-24h,优选2-18h,更优选3-12h,以及,最优选4-8h。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述焙烧时间为6h。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,所述脱模板剂为碱。
作为碱,包括但不限于,氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的溶液。从经济成本和/或催化活性的观点出发,优选氢氧化钠溶液。
有利地,氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的溶液为0.1-10mol/L,优选0.2-5mol/L;更优选0.5-3mol/L;以及,最优选0.8-2mol/L。
在一个具体的实施方式中,氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的溶液为1mol/L。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中,所述处理为:将脱模板剂和固体材料搅拌,再水热反应得到。
进一步地,所述搅拌时间为2-24h,优选4-20h,更优选6-16h,以及最优选8-12h。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述搅拌时间为10h。
进一步地,所述水热反应温度为80-150℃,反应时间为1-48h;优选反应温度为90-140℃,反应时间为4-36h;更优选反应温度为95-130℃,反应时间为8-24h;以及,最优选地,反应温度为100-120℃,反应时间为12-20h。
在一个具体的实施方式中,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为16h。
最后一方面,本发明提供了一种上述多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂的应用,用于耐硫变换反应。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂具有丰富的孔道结构,能够增强催化剂包含的孔道对反应气体的吸附能力,增加活性位点的暴露量,从而明显增强钙钛矿基耐硫变换催化剂的催化活性。
(2)本发明的制备方法过程简单,易于操作,适合大规模工业化应用。
(3)当用于耐硫变换反应时,本发明的多孔钙钛矿型耐硫变换催化剂具备较高稳定性和催化剂寿命,同时具备较高的催化活性,从而显著提高了CO转化率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,进一步说明本发明,并不限定本发明的应用。除非另有说明,实施例中的百分数一律是质量百分数。
实施例1
取0.045mol硝酸钴、0.055mol钼酸铵、0.1mol硝酸镧、0.12mol柠檬酸溶于0.5L乙醇当中形成溶液,溶液在30度条件下搅拌8h,形成溶胶。之后将10gSBA-15加入到上述溶胶当中形成悬浊液,所述将悬浊液在60度条件下,不断搅拌,直至形成凝胶。所述的凝胶在80度条件下干燥12h,之后在500度条件下,空气气氛中焙烧4h,形成固体材料。固体材料倒入到浓度为1mol/L的NaOH水溶液当中,在室温条件下进行搅拌8h,之后将其倒入到水热釜中在100度条件下反应8h,脱除固体材料中的SiO2。将脱除过SiO2的固体采用去离子水或乙醇抽滤洗涤,直至pH=7,之后将洗涤过的固体在80度条件烘干,得到钙钛矿多孔耐硫变换催化剂LaMo0.55Co0.45O3-S。
实施例2
取0.045mol硝酸钴、0.055mol钼酸铵、0.09mol硝酸镧、0.01mol硝酸镁,0.12mol柠檬酸溶于0.5L乙醇当中形成溶液,溶液在30度条件下搅拌12h,形成溶胶。之后将10g MCM-41加入到上述溶胶当中形成悬浊液,所述将悬浊液在60度条件下,不断搅拌,直至形成凝胶。所述的凝胶在80度条件下干燥12h,之后在800度条件下,空气气氛中焙烧6h,形成固体材料。固体材料倒入到浓度为1mol/L的NaOH水溶液当中,在室温条件下进行搅拌8h,之后将其倒入到水热釜中在120度条件下反应12h,脱除固体材料中的SiO2。将脱除过SiO2的固体采用去离子水或乙醇抽滤洗涤,直至pH=7,之后将洗涤过的固体在80度条件烘干,得到钙钛矿多孔耐硫变换催化剂La0.9Mg0.1Mo0.55Co0.45O3-M。
实施例3
取0.045mol硝酸钴、0.055mol钼酸铵、0.08mol硝酸镧、0.02mol硝酸锶,0.12mol柠檬酸溶于0.5L乙醇当中形成溶液,溶液在30度条件下搅拌12h,形成溶胶。之后将10g市售介孔SiO2载体加入到上述溶胶当中形成悬浊液,所述将悬浊液在60度条件下,不断搅拌,直至形成凝胶。所述的凝胶在80度条件下干燥12h,之后在600度条件下,空气气氛中焙烧8h,形成固体材料。固体材料倒入到浓度为1mol/L的NaOH水溶液当中,在室温条件下进行搅拌12h,之后将其倒入到水热釜中在110度条件下反应20h,脱除固体材料中的SiO2。将脱除过SiO2的固体采用去离子水或乙醇抽滤洗涤,直至pH=7,之后将洗涤过的固体在80度条件烘干,得到钙钛矿多孔耐硫变换催化剂La0.8Sr0.2Mo0.55Co0.45O3-P。
实施例4
取0.045mol硝酸钴、0.055mol钼酸铵、0.08mol硝酸镧、0.02mol硝酸锶,0.12mol柠檬酸溶于0.5L乙醇当中形成溶液,溶液在30度条件下搅拌12h,形成溶胶。之后将10g SBA-15加入到上述溶胶当中形成悬浊液,所述将悬浊液在60度条件下,不断搅拌,直至形成凝胶。所述的凝胶在80度条件下干燥12h,之后在600度条件下,空气气氛中焙烧8h,形成固体材料。固体材料倒入到浓度为1mol/L的NaOH水溶液当中,在室温条件下进行搅拌12h,之后将其倒入到水热釜中在110度条件下反应20h,脱除固体材料中的SiO2。将脱除过SiO2的固体采用去离子水或乙醇抽滤洗涤,直至pH=7,之后将洗涤过的固体在80度条件烘干,得到钙钛矿多孔耐硫变换催化剂La0.8Sr0.2Mo0.55Co0.45O3-BS。
对比实施例1
取0.045mol硝酸钴、0.055mol钼酸铵、0.1mol硝酸镧、0.12mol柠檬酸溶于0.5L乙醇当中形成溶液,溶液在30度条件下搅拌8h,形成溶胶。将溶胶60度条件下,不断搅拌,直至形成凝胶。所述的凝胶在80度条件下干燥12h,之后在500度条件下,空气气氛中焙烧4h,形成耐硫变换催化剂LaMo0.55Co0.45O3。
对比实施例2
取0.045mol硝酸钴、0.055mol钼酸铵、0.09mol硝酸镧、0.01mol硝酸镁,0.12mol柠檬酸溶于0.5L乙醇当中形成溶液,溶液在30度条件下搅拌12h,形成溶胶。之后将10g MCM-41加入到上述溶胶当中形成悬浊液,所述将悬浊液在60度条件下,不断搅拌,直至形成凝胶。所述的凝胶在80度条件下干燥12h,之后在800度条件下,空气气氛中焙烧6h,形成耐硫变换催化剂La0.9Mg0.1Mo0.55Co0.45O3-MCM-41。
表1记载了实施例1-4和对比实施例1-2催化剂的比表面积和孔容分布。
实施例 | BET表面积(m2/g) | 孔容(cm3/g) |
实施例1 | 128.1 | 0.115 |
实施例2 | 156.3 | 0.151 |
实施例3 | 142.5 | 0.101 |
实施例4 | 146.1 | 0.126 |
对比实施例1 | 4.2 | 0.015 |
对比实施例2 | 90.5 | 0.093 |
公知技术中的加压活性评价装置用于模拟工业条件,比较催化剂的变换活性和稳定性等性能,反应管为Ф45×5mm的不锈钢管,中央有Ф8×2mm的热偶管。按照不同水气比的要求配入一定量的水,经高温气化后,与原料气一起进入反应管进行水煤气变换反应,反应后尾气用色谱分析。
表2是各实施例和比较例的催化剂成品的催化活性评价结果。
表2
应理解,本发明的具体实施方式仅用于阐释本发明的精神和原则,而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案作出各种改动、替换、删减、修正或调整,这些等价技术方案同样落于本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (6)
1. 一种多孔钙钛矿型催化剂在耐硫变换反应中的应用,其中,所述催化剂具有化学式3表示的组成:
(A1)x(A2)1-x(B1)y(B2)1-yO3式3
其中,A1表示镧;A2表示碱土金属元素;B1表示钼;B2表示钴;0≤x≤1;0.4≤y≤1;
其中,所述催化剂的孔道结构的BET比表面积为40-220m2/g;孔道结构的孔容为0.094-0.210cm3/g。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述应用中多孔钙钛矿型催化剂的制备方法,所述方法包括:
(1) 获得包含羟基羧酸、A类元素盐和B类元素盐的水性溶液/分散液;
(2) 水溶液/分散液在室温下实现溶胶化,获得溶胶;
(3) 向所述溶胶中加入介孔二氧化硅材料,混合均匀,获得悬浮液;
(4) 所述悬浮液在升高的温度下实现凝胶化,获得凝胶;
(5) 将干燥的凝胶焙烧,获得固体材料;
(6) 使用脱模板剂处理所述固体材料,除去二氧化硅;洗涤干燥,获得所述多孔钙钛矿型催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,所述介孔二氧化硅材料选自无定形介孔SiO2或有序介孔分子筛;和/或,基于每1mol所有金属原子数,所述介孔二氧化硅材料的添加量为10-200g。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,所述焙烧在200-1100℃,所述焙烧的时间为1-24h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,所述处理为:将脱模板剂和固体材料搅拌,再水热反应得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中,所述搅拌的时间为2-24h;所述水热反应的温度为80-150℃,水热反应的时间为1-48h。
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