CN103548564B - Factory production method for shitake mushrooms - Google Patents
Factory production method for shitake mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548564B CN103548564B CN201310505047.9A CN201310505047A CN103548564B CN 103548564 B CN103548564 B CN 103548564B CN 201310505047 A CN201310505047 A CN 201310505047A CN 103548564 B CN103548564 B CN 103548564B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
- A01G18/22—Apparatus for the preparation of culture media, e.g. bottling devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a factory production method for shitake mushrooms. The factory production method for the shitake mushrooms comprises the steps of primary culture, secondary culture, primordia hastening, fruiting and harvesting. The factory production method for the shitake mushrooms breaks the mode of mainly relying on manual operation in existing shitake mushroom production, greatly saves labor, improves labor efficiency and is applicable to factory production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of edible fungus culture, relate to a kind of industrial production method of mushroom specifically.
Background technology
China's edible mushroom output value crosses hundred billion, and rank plant husbandry the 5th, wherein mushroom production is maximum.The planting edible mushroom of China mainly contains two kinds of patterns: the traditional mode based on manual operations and be operating as main Industrialized mode with automation equipment.Along with the aggravation of aging population process and the raising of labor cost, China's edible fungus culturing has become a kind of inexorable trend by traditional mode to the transition and upgrade of Industrialized mode.But because the technical requirement of different edible mushroom is different, kind not all at present can carry out the factorial praluction of automation.Technically, no matter which kind of pattern, the production that edible mushroom is cultivated generally includes spice, pack (bottle), high pressure, normal-pressure sterilization, and inoculation after cooling, cultivates, management of producing mushroom, the basic links such as packaging of gathering.That cultivates on a large scale in China more than 10 plants in edible mushroom, can vial-type cultivation kind be suitable for adopting mechanically operated Industrialized mode, as Asparagus, true Ji mushroom, Xingbao mushroom etc., and some kinds owing to can not produce the product with the market competitiveness under existing vial-type culture technique condition, traditional pocket type cultivation can only be adopted, as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae etc., cannot automation be realized in pack, inoculation link, greatly consume labour, hidden danger is constituted to long-term stability development.
Another major reason that the edible mushrooms such as mushroom can not realize factorial praluction is completely its fruiting characteristic.First, mushroom can not resemble single tide Asparagus and concentrate fruiting to gather, and a production cycle goes out 4-5 tide mushroom usually, and fruiting is not concentrated.The management of producing mushroom of each tide time usually needs bacteria, water filling, urges the measure such as flower bud, fruiting, and the link wherein kept the skin wet needs each bacterium clubs to do, and recruitment is very big.Secondly, the fruiting of mushroom needs many-sided stimulations such as the temperature difference, wet poor, illumination and mechanical shock could realize, and these measures personalization often, is lean on experience in a lot of situation, is difficult to unified standardization, the control measures of precision.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provide firstly a kind of industrial production method of mushroom, and the method comprises the steps:
1. elementary cultivation: cultivate based in blake bottle with automatic bottling machine filling, then inoculates liquid spawn in blake bottle with automated fluid bacterial classification machine, carries out elementary cultivation;
2. secondary cultivation: after bacterium is sent out in elementary cultivation full, with automatic scratching machine, mushroom fungi is dug out, blend mixing, then briquetting, fill in container, carry out secondary cultivation;
3. urge flower bud, fruiting, gather.
Wherein the condition of elementary cultivation is: temperature 21-22 DEG C, humidity 60 ~ 70%RH, and illumination is less than 10lux, and CO2 is less than 6,000ppm, and incubation time is no more than 40 days;
Wherein the method for secondary cultivation is:
Insulation (21-25 DEG C), moisturizing (90-95%) in front 4-6 days, promote the gentle raw mycelial growth of mycelia healing; Deng the mycelia on bacterium material surface dense white after, carry out 2 coolings taken turns (lower than 15 DEG C), hydrofuge (60-70%) and oxygenation (CO2 is less than 4000ppm) operation every day successively, promoted the lodging of aerial hyphae by the change that the temperature difference, wet difference and oxygen are poor, formation mycoderm; Mycelia lodges, and after forming mycoderm, while insulation (21-22 DEG C), carries out 8 h light 100lux, moisturizing (85-90%) process every day, promotes the surface secretion of brown pigment of bacterium material and the formation of brown mycoderma; When bacterium material completes physiological ripening, bacterium material surface is bright brown, and high resilience, now can enter and urge flower bud to operate;
Flower bud, fruiting and the method for gathering wherein is urged to be:
After secondary cultivation maturation, carry out urging flower bud to operate, concrete grammar is: a few days ago rinse bacterium block surface with water and water permeable, the water content of bacterium material is made to be greater than 70%, after insulation (21-25 DEG C), the vexed bacterium 2-3 of moisturizing (90-95%) days, illumination 300lux, carries out 2 coolings taken turns (lower than 15 DEG C), hydrofuge (60-70%) and oxygenation (CO2 is less than 4000ppm) every day successively and operates, occurred by the temperature difference, wet difference and the former base of the poor promotion of oxygen, the generally visible former base through 3-4 days.
Through urging flower bud, the former base of mushroom can go out from broken skin the brown mycoderma on bacterium material surface, grows up into small mushroom bud gradually, now can irradiate mushroom flower bud with blue led, be greater than 12 hours every day, can reach the effect suppressing its stem to extend.Small mushroom bud, through the growth of about 5-7 days, can grow up to diameter 5-6 centimetre, 7-8 divides ripe commodity mushroom, get final product picked by hand.
The industrial production method of a kind of mushroom provided by the invention, by the cultivation of mushroom fungi being resolved into elementary cultivation and two stages of secondary cultivation, the links such as charging, inoculation, briquetting are introduced mechanical automation operation, the manual operations breached in existing Lentnus edodes is main pattern, greatly save labour, improve efficiency, be applicable to factorial praluction.
Embodiment
Mushroom strain, Shen Xiang 16, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City.
Automation bottling machine, adopts Lianyun Harbour state prosperous edible mushroom complete set of equipments Co., Ltd GXZP type bottling machine.
Fully automatic liquid bacterial classification machine, adopts Lianyun Harbour state prosperous edible mushroom complete set of equipments Co., Ltd GXJZ-Y type inoculation device.
Wherein the cultural method of mushroom liquid bacterial is:
Mycelia culture dish solid culture medium is cultivated, through ME without living contaminants, take out the mycelia block cultivated, add after appropriate amounts of sterilized water homogenate in 15%(V/V with refiner) culture fluid after ratio access sterilizing, carry out fermented and cultured and produce level liquid kind, secondary liquid kind is produced again, with producing cultivation liquid strain after secondary liquid kind homogenate with amplifying after level liquid kind homogenate.Wherein the I and II liquid strain method of triangle shaking flask is produced.
Liquid strain cultural method:
Inoculum concentration 10%, cultivation temperature controls at 24 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, about 6 days, and within first 3 days, the logical amount of purifying air is 1: 0.5V/Vmin, pressurize 5 ~ 7 × 10
4pa, within latter 3 days, throughput doubles.Cultivate and terminate, culture fluid is as clear as crystal, left floating a large amount of small even mycelium pellet, free from extraneous odour in liquid.
Embodiment 1
The first step, elementary cultivation: cultivate based in blake bottle with automatic bottling machine filling, then inoculates liquid spawn in blake bottle with automated fluid bacterial classification machine, carries out elementary cultivation;
According to following formulated liquid spawn culture medium (following percentage is all weight percentage):
Corn flour 2%, soybean meal 2%, glucose 1%, yeast extract 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, 1 liter, water.
With automation bottling machine filling mushroom culture medium in blake bottle, lid lid, after autoclaving, cooling, automatic vaccination mushroom liquid bacterial, in blake bottle, carries out elementary cultivation.
Wherein automatically bottle at PLC(Programmable Logic Controller, programmable logic controller (PLC)) under conputer controlled, continuously, automatically operations such as pushing away basket, bottling, compacting, punching, gland is completed by pushing away a basket machine, bottling machine, puncher, capping machine (these are all the organic components of automatic bottling machine complete set of equipments) etc., whole technological process automation, ensures the qualitative uniformity of bottling.
The wherein key step of disinfecting action: 1. steam passes into sterilizer indoor, heats by sterilizing blake bottle to 98 DEG C, about needs 30 minutes; 2. extract sterilizer room air by vavuum pump, make it reach the vacuum of regulation; 3. process 1., 2. repeatedly, reaches the number of times of setting; 4. steam is passed into sterilizer indoor, heat by sterilizing thing, make temperature rise to 118 DEG C by 102 DEG C, under the sterilising temp of setting, keep the sterilization time of sterilization pressure and the setting set, last 3 hours 20 minutes, reach the object of sterilizing; 5. stop ventilation, temperature drops to 106 DEG C by 117 DEG C, lasts 1 hour, gives off steam in sterilizing chamber: 6. by vacuum pump evacuation, temperature is down to 103 DEG C by 106 DEG C, return air, carries out drying to by sterilizing blake bottle, lasts 15 minutes; 7. process 6. repeatedly, temperature is down to 98 DEG C by 103 DEG C.
Wherein the key step of liquid inoculation is as follows: fully automatic liquid bacterial classification machine, under PLC conputer controlled, automatically completes into basket, uncaps, inoculates, gland, goes out the actions such as basket, inoculate accurate, quantitative, even, intelligent.The time interval between each action of liquid inoculation is very short, ensures that fast and safely liquid-spawn inoculation is produced.
Following several respects are noted in inoculation:
1. inoculate indoor temperature and keep 18 ~ 20 DEG C; 2. the dustless process in the ground of transfer room; 3. must keep certain barotropic state in transfer room, the introducing of new wind through high efficiency filter, indoor maintenance 10000 grades, inoculation device region keeps 100 grades; 4. transfer room regularly carry out evenly, thoughtful and thorough disinfection; 5. before and after inoculation operation, relevant vessel, the instrument alcohol of 75% are cleaned, are soaked or flame calcination; 6. inoculate personnel in the process of operation to be undertaken by sterile working requirement.
Postvaccinal first condition of culture is as follows:
Temperature 21 DEG C, humidity 65%RH, illumination is 8lux, CO2 is 5,000ppm, incubation time 38 days.
Second step: secondary cultivation: after bacterium is sent out in elementary cultivation full, with automatic scratching machine, mushroom fungi is dug out, blend mixing, then briquetting, fill in container, carry out secondary cultivation;
With automatic scratching machine, the mushroom fungi after full for mycelia bottle is dug out, blend mixing simultaneously, then again fill in the container of length 29 centimetres, wide 21 centimetres, high 5 centimetres of certain specifications, after compacting, forming processes, proceed secondary cultivation.
Automatically dig bottle wherein after elementary cultivation, comprise clean, go to lid, pressure bottle, upset, location, compress, dig the action that cutter rises, digs the procedure calls such as cutter declines, upset empty bottle, once can dig out the bacterium material in 16 bottles of bacterium bottles.Have saving manpower, labour intensity is low, and operating efficiency is high, digs the features such as bottle quality is good.
The wherein technical process of compound stalk forming: bacterium material enters the charging gear of packing scale from storage bin hopper, heavily stopped by reinforced the reaching of thickness two-stage, container puts in place, feeds intake, compacting.
Bacterium material is pressed into high, the middle low rectangle tray in four limits, the shaping bacterium material of this kind of shape contributes to filling water, is beneficial in cultivation and keeps the skin wet to bacterium material.Be further characterized in that be pressed into flat mushroom spawn has larger top surface area and smaller side area, ensure more fruiting above, mushroom handle is straight, and mushroom shape just.
Dig bottle and compound stalk forming notes following several respects:
1. indoor temperature keeps 18 ~ 20 DEG C; 2. the dustless process in flooring; 3. indoorly must keep certain barotropic state, the introducing of new wind through high efficiency filter, indoor maintenance 10000 grades, inoculation device region keeps 100 grades; 4. indoor regularly carry out evenly, thoughtful and thorough disinfection; 5. before and after operation, relevant vessel, the instrument alcohol of 75% are cleaned, are soaked or flame calcination; 6. in the process operated, personnel must be undertaken by sterile working requirement.
The method of secondary cultivation, cultivate as follows:
Insulation (23 DEG C), moisturizing (95%) in front 4-6 days, promote the gentle raw mycelial growth of mycelia healing; Deng the mycelia on bacterium material surface dense white after, carry out 2 coolings taken turns every day successively (lower than 15 DEG C, can be 10 DEG C), hydrofuge (60-70%) and ventilation oxygenation (CO2 is 3500ppm) operation, by the lodging of the temperature difference, wet difference and oxygen poor promotion aerial hyphae, form mycoderm; Mycelia lodges, and after forming mycoderm, while insulation (21 DEG C), carries out 8 h light 100lux, moisturizing (85%) process every day, promotes the surface secretion of brown pigment of bacterium material and the formation of brown mycoderma.When bacterium material completes physiological ripening, bacterium material surface is bright brown, and high resilience, now can enter and urge flower bud to operate.
3rd step, urges flower bud, fruiting, gathers
A few days ago rinse mushroom spawn surface with water and water permeable, water content is made to be greater than 70%, insulation (23 DEG C), the vexed bacterium of moisturizing (95%) are after 2 days, illumination 300lux, carry out 2 coolings taken turns every day successively (lower than 15 DEG C, can be 10 DEG C), hydrofuge (65%) and oxygenation (CO2 is less than 4000ppm) operation, occurred by the temperature difference, wet difference and the former base of the poor promotion of oxygen.
Irradiate mushroom flower bud with blue led, be greater than 12 hours every day, the object suppressing its stem to extend can be reached.
After secondary cultivation is shaping, between after-ripening annesl or tide, bacteria terminates, utilizes the depressed area of mushroom spawn or the original container of splendid attire mushroom spawn to carry out original position moisturizing, cooling, can promote that flower bud is urged in moisturizing.
Table 1 is the results contrast to producing mushroom and the mode of production production mushroom with traditional bacterium rod by the method for embodiment 1 below.
Results contrast produced by table 1
Claims (1)
1. an industrial production method for mushroom, is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
1. elementary cultivation: cultivate based in blake bottle with automatic bottling machine filling, then inoculates liquid spawn in blake bottle with automated fluid bacterial classification machine, carries out elementary cultivation;
2. secondary cultivation: after bacterium is sent out in elementary cultivation full, with automatic scratching machine, mushroom fungi is dug out, blend mixing, then briquetting, fill in container, carry out secondary cultivation; Wherein the method for secondary cultivation is: insulation in front 4-6 days 21-25 DEG C, moisturizing 90-95%; Deng the mycelia on bacterium material surface dense white after, carry out successively every day 2 coolings taken turns lower than 15 DEG C, hydrofuge is to 60-70% and oxygenation CO
2be less than 4000ppm operation; Mycelia lodges, and after forming mycoderm, while insulation 21-22 DEG C, carries out 8 h light 100lux, moisturizing 85-90% process every day; When bacterium material completes physiological ripening, now can enter and urge flower bud to operate;
3. urge flower bud, fruiting, gather.
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CN201310505047.9A CN103548564B (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2013-10-23 | Factory production method for shitake mushrooms |
PCT/CN2014/083569 WO2015058572A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2014-08-01 | Method for industrial production of lentinus edodes |
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CN103548564B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-05-13 | 上海市农业科学院 | Factory production method for shitake mushrooms |
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CN104303837B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-01-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Secondary fungus culture method for mushroom factory production |
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CN106386165A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 惠州市嘉程驾校有限公司 | Cultivation method |
CN106358757A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 惠州市嘉程驾校有限公司 | Lentinula edodes planting method |
CN106386164A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 惠州市嘉程驾校有限公司 | Shiitake mushroom cultivation method |
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CN106718017A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of forming method of mushroom plant mushroom spawn |
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CN112243797A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-22 | 贵州光明临港九道菇生物科技有限公司 | Industrial cultivation method for hypsizigus marmoreus |
CN113207546A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-06 | 湄潭县众志菌业有限公司 | Wild mushroom breeding and planting method |
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