CN1817088A - Culturing technology and its apparatus for mushroom plant - Google Patents
Culturing technology and its apparatus for mushroom plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1817088A CN1817088A CN 200510007654 CN200510007654A CN1817088A CN 1817088 A CN1817088 A CN 1817088A CN 200510007654 CN200510007654 CN 200510007654 CN 200510007654 A CN200510007654 A CN 200510007654A CN 1817088 A CN1817088 A CN 1817088A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- mushroom
- sensor
- annesl
- finished product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
A technology for factory cultivation of champignon includes such steps as preparing the champignon fungus rods, arranging them orderly, and sequential culturing in the hyphae reproduction room, color changing and button promoting room and champignon harvesting room while controlling their growth environments. Its equipment is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of mushroom culture, relate in particular to a kind of method and special equipment thereof of large-scale industrialized mushroom culture.
Background technology
In the prior art relevant for the record of mushroom culture method, but disclosed mushroom culture technology, substantially all be about cultivating the technology of mushroom strain, as Chinese patent application number is 98114374.1 to disclose the method with the corncob cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials, specifically be to utilize the corncob raw material suitably to add auxiliary material, without high pressure or normal pressure and fermentation process, directly pack inoculation behind the spice, thereby carry out the cultivation method that mushroom is produced; As Chinese patent application number is 90109488.9 to disclose a kind of cultivation method of mushroom, and it is directly to sow 15~20% cultivated species to make mushroom spawn in the wood chip composts or fertilisers of cultivating 80% or more, through the cultivation fruiting.
Different with other mushroom, mushroom has the growth characteristics of oneself.Find that after deliberation the growth of mushroom has the own intrinsic ecotope cycle, this ecological cycle has two kinds: natural ecological cycle and natural, ecological cycle.
The natural ecological cycle, refer to mushroom itself intrinsic, not with the Nature day alternates with night in 24 hours the influence ecological rule; In the natural, ecological cycle, refer under day alternates with night in 24 hours condition needed optimum growh environment.
Though utilize the environmental simulation technology, can obtain the growth conditions in mushroom natural ecological cycle, energy resource consumption is big, and the cost height should not adopt.
Present other mushroom except mushroom on the market, indivedual kinds can large-scale continuous production, and owing to the particularity of mushroom, at present can only be with discontinuous manner production, and can not be on a large scale, produce continuously with constant high yield.
Have the technology of producing mushroom now, be to use plastic tunnel, ceiling woven straw sunshade is in the season (part-time that refers to 1 year spring and autumn) that weather is fit to, on the excellent shelf of putting on the ground or fixing of the bacterium of mushroom.Put the overall process of bacterium rod, mycelial growth, the harvesting of knot mushroom, in a shed.It is indefinite that the bacterium rod is fixed on that place, an amblent air temperature are lived at the mercy of the elements, mushroom production rises and falls, and day heat, day cold all can not produce, and per diem do not produce the technology of mushroom.
Mushroom is a special product of China, has only 4 local productions in the world: China, Japan, Korea S, Taiwan.China accounts for 80% of Gross World Product.In the culturing technology of edible mushroom, mushroom is the most complicated, and in the different time, to temperature, humidity, illuminance, carbonic acid gas has different requirements.Some paper to the individual problem in the mushroom production technology, was done a little the analysis, but did not also propose the proposition of similar " mushroom plant culturing technology ".Though other edible mushrooms, for example Asparagus, Agaricus Bisporus have been realized factory culture, and mushroom does not also have.' first world's mushroom conference that 2003 ' international mushroom association ' holds in Chinese Miyang ', the ' the 16 the international mushroom conference of holding in the U.S. in 2004 ' all do not have the subject under discussion and the article of ' mushroom plant cultivation ' aspect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of mushroom culture, this method can be on a large scale, produce mushroom continuously with constant high yield.
The present invention also aims to provide the special equipment of implementing above-mentioned mushroom culture method.
Basic design of the present invention is, xianggu stick is set the back to be thrown in continuously, order advances in three greenhouses, so that mushroom three natural, ecological cycles of experience, be that vegetative hyphae, annesl are urged flower bud and three growth cycles of finished product results, the corresponding corresponding growth cycle in each greenhouse, each corresponding ecotope of growth cycle institute of control in each greenhouse then can obtain the continuous mushroom of producing with constant output.
Wherein, for different mushroom strains, the concrete time of above-mentioned three growth cycles is different, each growth cycle corresponding ecotope be different, therefore the ecotope of (should be the vegetative hyphae chamber respectively mutually, annesl is urged flower bud chamber and finished product results chamber) required control also is different in each greenhouse.
Below each step of the present invention is further described in detail.
According to the conversion ratio of the mushroom daily output that goes for and concrete bacterial classification, the xianggu stick amount that design drops into to the vegetative hyphae chamber at every turn.The bacterium rod can be placed in and knock down the vegetative hyphae chamber on the carriage that can slide, mushroom can be moved in the greenhouse in an orderly manner.Discover through the inventor, steady to throw in one group of xianggu stick every day to the mushroom daily output waveform of the cycle input bacterium rod gained of one group of xianggu stick of input in per 5 days, specifically see accompanying drawing 5-3,5-4, best with one group cycle of every day input effect, throw in one group if surpass 5, then ultimate output is not very stable, and adjacent two days output difference is bigger; Daily output waveform stationarity when being the input of the individual bacterium rod of n (n 〉=10) with every group is good, especially it is best being far longer than 10 rods input effect with every group, because every group when throwing in a rod, the output waveform is the square wave of saltus step, see Fig. 5-1, and when throwing in n 〉=10 bacterium rod for every group, output is the continuous distortion ripple that just dripping, see Fig. 5-2, then final daily output waveform is continuously constant waveform.
In order to allow the bacterium rod in each greenhouse, stop the corresponding growth cycle time, design the size in corresponding greenhouse according to the fltting speed of putting the xianggu stick carriage, make the time that xianggu stick stops that promptly corresponding growth cycle is the distance that advances and the merchant of speed in each greenhouse in each greenhouse.
In order to control the corresponding ecotope in each greenhouse, promptly in order to satisfy xianggu stick at the required ecotope of each growth cycle, the inventor provides concrete equipment, adjusts and to satisfy the required ecotope in each greenhouse, as following monitor control index: temperature (T), humidity, CO
2Content, intensity of illumination and ventilation etc.
The equipment of implementing said method is the regulation device that mushroom plant is produced, and it is characterized in that, at first, the mushroom greenhouse is divided into three mushroom chambers successively with dividing plate, that is: vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl are urged flower bud chamber, finished product results chamber.All there is the main chamber each mushroom chamber and gives process chamber.
Be equipped with respectively each mushroom chamber:
1, ecological climate adjusting device.It comprises the plant equipment of regulating with the device of fresh air displacement carbonic acid gas and temp. and humidity, illuminance.
2, environmental simulation measure and control device.It is an automaton, comprises PLC controller, sensor, MCC cabinet, actuator and information management information computer.
By above-mentioned two covering devices,, implement Intelligentized regulating and controlling to the weather conditions of mushroom The greenhouse ecological environment.According to its ecotope demand, optimized plantation weather can be provided throughout the year, for mushroom be regardless of season, continuous fruiting, working condition is provided, good development prospect is arranged.
Referring to Fig. 7~Figure 10, factory of the present invention urges flower bud chamber 02 and finished product results chamber 03 to form by adjacent successively vegetative hyphae chamber 01, annesl, and described vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl urge flower bud chamber and finished product results chamber to constitute by main chamber 001 and pretreatment chamber 002.Between adjacent next door, be provided with doorway and door 04.Urge flower bud chamber 02 and finished product results chamber 03 that eco-environmental control device shown in Figure 10 is installed at described vegetative hyphae chamber 01, annesl.
Because the time length that vegetative hyphae, annesl urge flower bud and finished product results to pluck operation is different, thereby the area size is also different.Each chamber proportion: mycelial growth chamber ≈ 20%, annesl urge flower bud chamber ≈ 7%, finished product results chamber ≈ 73%.Dividing plate between greenhouse enclosure wall and each chamber all uses heat-insulation sandwich plate, and insulation effect is arranged.
Described eco-environmental control device comprises sensor, controller and actuator, and wherein: described sensor comprises: temperature sensor, humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, illuminance sensor; Described actuator comprises displacement apparatus, temperature and humidity adjusting device and the light source (fluorescent lamp) of fresh air and carbonic acid gas.
The displacement apparatus of described fresh air and carbonic acid gas comprises main chamber's air exhauster 11, pretreatment chamber's air inlet blower fan 13, main chamber's inlet flap 12 and carbon dioxide storage groove 14, carbon dioxide storage groove 14 is located at ground, main chamber, and main chamber's air exhauster 11 is installed in the outer tube that also passes through the temperature adjustment pipeline of discharge duct 15 and series connection with it outside each described main chamber and is connected with carbon dioxide storage groove 14; The interior pipe that pretreatment chamber's air inlet blower fan 13 is installed in pretreatment chamber and the air inlet temperature adjustment pipeline 16 by pipeline 17 and series connection with it is connected with outdoor; Between main chamber and pretreatment chamber, be provided with main chamber's inlet flap 12.
Described temperature and humidity adjusting device comprises homophony equipment and vernier device, wherein homophony equipment comprises: well 22, water pump 24, fan coil 19.1 and 19.2, solar water heater 23, the outlet of water pump 24 and solar water heater 23 are connected in parallel with heat exchanger, and the inlet of water pump 24 is connected with well 22; Described vernier device adopts air conditioner.
Described controller comprises MCC switch board, Programmable Logic Controller PLC and information management calculating machine, the analog quantity input interface of PLC is connected with described temperature sensor, humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, optical sensor respectively, and the output interface of PLC is connected with described actuator by the MCC switch board; The controlled end of PLC is connected with information management calculating machine.
The ecology of mushroom has three periods main cultivation cycles, that is: vegetative hyphae, annesl are urged flower bud, finished product harvest cycle.The ecotope parameter in each cycle (being temperature, humidity, carbonic acid gas, illuminance) is different, and therefore intelligent mushroom green house is provided with three chambers.Each chamber all is provided with the eco-environmental control device, and different ecotopes can be arranged.For batch production production provides condition.
When carrying out batch production production, xianggu stick (batching matrix bag) at first is placed in the vegetative hyphae chamber; After covering with mycelia, move into annesl and urge the flower bud chamber; Urge flower bud to stimulate through annesl, the mushroom flower bud appears and after, change finished product results chamber over to; Behind the fruiting, when maturity reaches standard, pluck bright mushroom.To not adopting the obsolete fungus stick that mushroom is worth, go out clearly from finished product results chamber.
Use the liquid producing method for seed, can be continuous in the booth of mushroom chamber, put into the bacterium rod because three chambers are tactic, the continual bacterium rod of putting into moves forward successively from the mycelial growth chamber, plucks bright mushroom continuously, can realize that batch production produces mushroom.
The structure of three factories (green house) and ecological climate adjusting device is the same substantially, is only illustrated with Fig. 9 below.
1, fresh air displacement carbon dioxide plant
In Fig. 9, the device that is used for fresh air displacement carbonic acid gas has:
Mushroom chamber air exhauster 11; Mushroom chamber inlet flap 12; Give process chamber air inlet blower fan 13; The storing carbon dioxide geosyncline 14 that mushroom is indoor; Discharging carbon dioxide conduit 15 (from carbonic acid gas being introduced mushroom chamber air exhauster 11 from geosyncline here); Air inlet temperature adjustment pipeline 16; Give process chamber admission line 17; Give process chamber air inlet 18.The operation principle of this device is as follows:
When using fresh air, when replacing the carbonic acid gas in the mushroom chamber, start mushroom chamber air exhauster 11, the carbonic acid gas in geosyncline is discharged carbonic acid gas by pipeline 15; Because the indoor generation negative pressure of mushroom, the inlet flap of inlet flap mushroom chambers 12 is opened automatically.Give the fresh air in the process chamber, enter the mushroom chamber, replaced the carbonic acid gas of mushroom chamber from inlet flap 12.
Fresh air in giving process chamber enters after the mushroom chamber, gives process chamber and produces negative pressure, the blade of air inlet blower fan 13 begins to rotate, the trace fresh air by air inlet temperature adjustment pipeline 16, give process chamber admission line 17 and give process chamber air inlet 18, enters and gives process chamber.Air inlet temperature adjustment pipeline 16 is double-skin ducts, and what outer layer pipe was discharged is carbonic acid gas; Central tube is to enter the fresh air that gives process chamber, and the fresh air that enters obtains temperature adjustment by air inlet temperature adjustment pipeline 16 time.Fresh air enters and gives process chamber by giving process chamber air inlet 18.
When stopping the ventilation of mushroom chamber, mushroom chamber air exhauster 11 is shut down; Mushroom chamber air door 12 is closed; Give process chamber 13 and start, after replenishing enough fresh airs, shut down.Finished work with fresh air displacement carbonic acid gas.
2, temp. and humidity and illuminance adjusting device
In Fig. 9, being used for the equipment that temp. and humidity regulates has: main chamber's fan coil 19.1, give process chamber fan coil 19.2, air conditioner 20, air conditioner gas outlet 21, well 22, solar-heating device 23, water pump 24, fluorescent lamp 25.
Temp. and humidity is regulated, and with two kinds of equipment and two kinds of energy, two kinds of equipment are: temp. and humidity homophony equipment and vernier device; Two kinds of energy are: natural energy source and electric power energy.
Natural energy source has two kinds: ground energy and solar energy.Utilize ground energy homophony temp. and humidity, ground can be that application underground water is the energy.Through the investigation, phreatic everywhere temperature range, between 18~20 ℃ and the mushroom growth temperature about the same, concerning the mushroom green house, can warm oneself winter, can lower the temperature summer; Solar energy is used for heating.Electric power energy is an air conditioner, and use in refrigeration system is in the temp. and humidity in fine setting mushroom greenhouse.The operation principle of this device is as follows:
The temp. and humidity homophony is utilized natural energy source, and it is indoor that well 22 is located at mushroom, and its temperature symbol and mushroom need.With water pump 24, underground water to be extracted out from well 22, current are through fan coil 19.1,19.2 o'clock, the room temperature of having regulated mushroom chamber booth; Reduce room temperature summer, improve room temperature winter.The heat that adds solar-heating device 23 winter.Natural energy source has the leading role of basic constant temperature, saves a large amount of energy, reduces production costs.
The fine setting of temp. and humidity utilizes air conditioner 20, and the gas that it is sent is by air conditioner gas outlet 21, send into and give process chamber, make the temp. and humidity of giving process chamber, remain on certain interval in (be lower than summer, be higher than the amplitude in mushroom chamber winter) for regulating the temp. and humidity of main chamber, mushroom chamber, the work of getting ready.
When the temp. and humidity of main chamber, mushroom chamber need be regulated, according to " fresh air displacement carbonic acid gas " same operating procedure,, replace the air of main chamber, mushroom chamber with giving the process chamber air, the air up to the main chamber reaches the control requirement of setting.
The adjusting of mushroom greenhouse illuminance is with fluorescent lamp 25.When outdoor light, in the time of can not satisfying the illuminance requirement of mushroom chamber, the method with the fluorescent lamp light filling makes the illuminance of mushroom chamber reach requirement.
Fig. 7 is that eco-environmental control device A of the present invention is installed in the example structure figure in the factory building, and eco-environmental control device A is made up of sensor, PLC controller, MCC switch board, actuator and management information calculator.
The operation principle of this eco-environmental control device following (with reference to Figure 10):
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) 31 links to each other by interface and sensor 32.1,32.2,33.1,33.2,34,35.MCC switch board 36 is by binding post, and one side links to each other with (PLC) 31 interfaces; Another side links to each other with actuator, and these actuators are the equipment 11,12,13,19.1,19.2,20,24 and 25 of regulating temperature, humidity, carbonic acid gas, illuminance.
Flow through underground water in the fan coil 19.1 and 19.2,, play the effect of mushroom room temperature homophony and coarse adjustment because phreatic temperature and mushroom room temperature are approaching.When (PLC) 31 passes through thermometer 32.1,32.2 and moisture meter 33.1,33.2, find to give the process chamber temp. and humidity and depart from when setting value, by (MCC) 36, start air conditioner 20, regulate the temp. and humidity of giving process chamber and reach the setting requirement.Give the design temperature of process chamber,, be lower than the amplitude in main chamber at high temperature season; Low temperature season is higher than the amplitude in main chamber.
When main chamber's temp. and humidity departed from setting value, (PLC) 31 by (MCC) 36, and mushroom chamber air door 12 is opened automatically, and the air-flow that gives process chamber enters the main chamber, adjusts the temp. and humidity of main chamber.Set when requiring when the temp. and humidity of main chamber reaches, the inlet flap 12 of closing the mushroom chamber has been finished the regulation process of main chamber's temp. and humidity.
When carbonic acid gas detector 34 finds that the gas concentration lwevel of mushroom chamber surpasses setting value, (PLC) 31 by (MCC) 36, start mushroom chamber air exhauster 11, discharge the carbonic acid gas in the indoor storing carbon dioxide geosyncline 14 of mushroom, mushroom chamber inlet flap 12 is opened automatically, give the fresh air in the process chamber, enter the mushroom chamber from mushroom chamber inlet flap 12, up to the gas concentration lwevel of mushroom chamber less than setting value.
The observing and controlling of illuminance is fairly simple, and when illuminometer 35, when finding that illuminance is lower than setting value, (PLC) 31 by (MCC) 36, opens fluorescent lamp 25, carries out light filling.(PLC) management of 31 managed information managements calculating machines 37.
The present invention is according to the natural, ecological rule of mushroom growth, designed the technological process of mushroom planting technology, mushroom is urged in the mushroom greenhouse in flower bud, three districts of finished product results at vegetative hyphae, annesl, implement the technology of the input continuously of bacterium rod, planting technique partition, ecotope emulation and supporting 4 aspects of monitoring parameter.Realize the whole year production mushroom, 365 continuous-flow type operations on working day no matter how cold and hot natural weather is, can per diem balancedly provide bright mushroom to market.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a mushroom plant plantation process flow diagram
Fig. 2 is that the bacterium rod is thrown in the sub-process block diagram continuously
Fig. 3 is that the bacterium rod swings in onboard tray figure
Fig. 3-the 1st, every layer of bacterium rod put schematic diagram
Fig. 3-the 2nd, each bracket arrangement schematic diagram
Fig. 3-the 3rd, every row's bracket arrangement schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is bacterium frame propelling figure in proper order
Fig. 5-the 1st, single bacterium rod output oscillogram (1kg bacterium rod, 1/1 conversion ratio)
Fig. 5-2 is 10 rods/group output oscillograms
Fig. 5-the 3rd, per 5 days a collection of output oscillograms (10 rods/5 are day a collection of, the 1.9kg/ daily output for 1kg bacterium rod, 1/1 conversion ratio)
Fig. 5-the 4th, a collection of output oscillogram every day (10 rods/5 are day a collection of, the 9.5kg/ daily output for 1kg bacterium rod, 1/1 conversion ratio)
Fig. 6 is a planting technique partition sub-process block diagram
Fig. 7 is the general structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of present device;
Fig. 8 is the planar structure schematic diagram of factory of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is that the A-A of Fig. 8 analyses and observe the rotational structure schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is that eco-environmental control device of the present invention (A) constitutes block diagram.
Embodiment
Further describe technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, should be understood that, this embodiment only is used for explaining the present invention, but never limits protection scope of the present invention.Any change of making without prejudice to spirit of the present invention all should be within the scope of the present invention.
Having a daily output of 250kg, conversion ratio with mushroom is 1/1 to be example.
Fig. 1 is a daily output 250kg mushroom plant plantation process flow diagram, and this is an application example of the present invention.This figure is divided into the two large divisions: preparation and technological process itself before the implementing process flow process.The preparation of technological process comprises the liquid production of hybrid seeds and manufactures the bacterium rod that these two are not included within the scope of the present invention.
Main contents of the present invention comprise 4: 1 to throw in continuously bacterium rod, 2 planting technique partitions, 3 ecotope emulation, 4 monitoring parameters supporting.Subitem is illustrated below.
1, the bacterium rod is thrown in continuously
Fig. 2 is " bacterium rod is thrown in the sub-process block diagram continuously ", and the sub-process of throwing in the bacterium rod continuously comprises 3 parts: 1 bacterium rod swings in onboard tray, 2 bacterium rod carriage and advances in proper order, 3 adjusts level and smooth output wave mode.
Operation principle
The bacterium rod swings in onboard tray.It is the 1st step that the bacterium rod is thrown in continuously.Traditional mushroom production method all is on the excellent shelf of putting on the ground or fixing of bacterium, can not move.But mushroom plant production, for fruiting per diem continuously, what the bacterium rod must be orderly moves in the mushroom green house.
Fig. 3 " onboard tray figure " the carriage of putting the bacterium rod, has loaded onto wheel, can shove along, and becomes movably onboard tray.3-1 figure " every layer of bacterium rod (A unit) put " among Fig. 3 illustrates every layer of bacterium rod arrangement on carriage.The long 1.5m of carriage, wide 1m puts 64 bacterium rods altogether; The diameter of each bacterium rod and length ≈ 12cm*45cm.3-2 figure is the situation of " each carriage (B unit) layout ", and 4 of the total A unit of carriage promptly have 4 layers, and each carriage is put 256 bacterium rods.3-3 schemes " every row's carriage (C unit) layout ", and the situation that row's carriage is put in the mushroom green house is described, the every row in C unit has 4 B unit carriages.
Bacterium rod carriage advances in proper order.It is the 2nd step that the bacterium rod is thrown in continuously.It will solve 2 problems: the one, and, how every row's carriage (C unit) is put in the mushroom chamber, just can make bacterium rod carriage, from entering the mushroom green house, with regard to the energy sequential advancement, up to pushing away mushroom producing room; Another problem is the route that bacterium rod carriage advances in proper order.Solve this two problems, could form the continuous-flow type operation, realized the batch production production of mushroom.
Fig. 4 " bacterium rod carriage advances figure in proper order " is the situation of practical application.In the present embodiment, the D unit is the position that bacterium rod carriage (C unit) is put in the mushroom chamber, and the C unit is even numbers, and door that enters and the door of releasing are in the same side; The C unit is an odd number, and door that enters and the door of releasing specifically are not meant the arrangement number of C unit at the same side 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C.The E unit is the route that bacterium rod carriage (C unit) advances in the mushroom green house.
Adjust level and smooth output waveform." adjusting level and smooth output oscillogram " process shown in Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, Fig. 5-3 and Fig. 5-4.The production of mushroom plant requires output steady, the ripple factor of output waveform, i.e. and difference in yield between two days can not be too big.And the harvesting of single xianggu stick but is not like this, adopts today once, adopts and will that is to say in a few days, and its output waveform is the square wave of saltus step.What Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, Fig. 5-3 and Fig. 5-4 showed is the method that the present invention had studied and solved this problem.
Fig. 5-the 1st, " single excellent daily output mode chart ", its wave mode is a square wave.The asynchronism that utilizes button to occur is thrown in the bacterium rod in groups, and the square wave of fruiting is converted into the distortion sine wave.Fig. 5-2 " single group the daily output mode chart " is every group of daily output waveform when being 10 bacterium rod.By strengthening the frequency of throwing in the bacterium rod, the waveform of the level and smooth mushroom daily output.Throw in the cycle of a collection of bacterium rod, a collection of with every day is best, but a collection of above 5 days; Surpassed, the ripple factor of output waveform is excessive, can not reach the purpose of stable yields.Fig. 5-3 and Fig. 5-4 is depicted as and throws in a collection of bacterium rod and per waveform of throwing in the mushroom daily output of a collection of bacterium rod on the 5th every day, and these two waveforms have accomplished to adjust level and smooth output wave mode, can 365 days line fruitings, and the production of realization mushroom plant.
2, planting technique partition
Fig. 6 is " a planting technique partition sub-process block diagram ", the planting technique partition comprises 5 parts: D (Durationof growth), breeding process S (Stage of Propagation) and dormancy R (Resting) between results batch F (Flush), cultivation cycle P (Period of cultivation), vitellarium.
Table 1 planting technique zoning table
Cultivation cycle P | D between the vitellarium | Breeding process S |
P1 forms button | The D1 vegetative hyphae | S1 produces enzyme |
S2 forms white bacterium clothing | ||
Button appears in D2 | The S3 button is grown up | |
S4 takes off bag | ||
The P2 annesl is urged flower bud | The D3 annesl | S5 becomes brown |
S6 forms duricrust | ||
D4 urges flower bud | S7 cultivated species maturation | |
S8 forms fruit body | ||
The P3 results | D5 growth mushroom body | S9 result |
The S10 maturation | ||
D6 plucks | S11 prepares | |
S12 plucks mushroom |
One group of mushroom of every pendulum can be gathered in the crops 3 batches of (F) mushrooms of indoor results at finished product; Every batch of mushroom has 3 cultivation cycles (P), and each cultivation cycle has between 2 vitellariums (D), amounts to 6D; There are 2 breeding processes (S) to amount to 12S between each vitellarium.For different mushroom strains, the concrete time of D, breeding process S and dormancy R is different between results batch F, cultivation cycle P, vitellarium.The time in each stage sees Table 2 in the present embodiment.
Every batch of mushroom after finishing the 1st, 2 cultivation cycle, all will carry out dormancy; After finishing the 3rd cultivation cycle, the bacterium rod after the harvesting goes out finished product results chamber clearly.Certainly, the bacterium rod of clear results chamber still can be plucked, but the gained mushroom is second-rate.
Operation principle
Fig. 6 " planting technique partition sub-process block diagram " detail display the flow process of this technology.After putting the bacterium rod, at first calculate results batch F, from F=1, whenever finish after 1 results batch, enter next results batch, i.e. F+1; Work as F=3, when promptly gathering in the crops 3 batches, go out the bacterium rod clearly.Each results batch, all be from first cultivation cycle, be P=1, whenever finish after 1 cultivation cycle, enter the next cultivation cycle, i.e. P+1; Work as P=3, promptly finished 3 all after dates of cultivation, change next results batch over to.
All there is oneself particular growth interval in each cultivation cycle, shown in " table 1 cultivation cycle zoning table ": form button P1, have between two vitellariums, vegetative hyphae D1 and button D2 occurs; Annesl is urged flower bud P2, annesl D3 is arranged between two vitellariums and urge flower bud D4; Results P3 has between two vitellariums, growth mushroom body D5 and harvesting D6.
Between each vitellarium, the specific breeding process of oneself is arranged all, vegetative hyphae D1 is for producing enzyme S1 and forming white bacterium clothing S2; Appearance button D2 is button growth S3 and takes off a bag S4; Annesl D3 is for becoming brown S5 and forming duricrust S6.Urge flower bud D4, be ripe S7 of cultivated species and formation fruit body S8.Growth mushroom body D5 is S9 and ripe S10 as a result.Pluck D6, for preparing S11 and plucking mushroom S12.
Each results batch will be finished the work in 3 cultivation cycles, promptly will finish 6 work between the vitellarium, just will finish after the work of 12 breeding processes, pass through dormancy again after, just can enter next results batch.
3, ecotope emulation
Table 2 is " ecotope emulation repertories ", and ecotope emulation is the project of carrying out behind the breeding process S of planting technique partition, and it comprises two contents: day-night cycle cycle C and monitor stages Pm day by day.What day-night cycle cycle C will determine is that what days and nights what monitor stages Pm breeding process S will and be divided into each day and night again through; And each Pm, what monitoring projects are arranged.These work has been arranged, and mushroom plant plantation technological process is able to complete realization.
Table 2 ecotope emulation repertory
Position, mushroom chamber | The planting technique partition | Ecotope emulation | |||||||||
Cultivation cycle P | D between the vitellarium | Breeding process S | Day-night cycle number of days C | Day by day monitor stages Pm | |||||||
Stage quantity Pm | The monitoring project | ||||||||||
T | H | CO 2 | L | A | |||||||
The vegetative hyphae chamber | | DI | S1 | 30 | 16 | Stable | The stage regulation and control | High value | Half-light | Appropriateness | |
S2 | |||||||||||
D2 | S3 | ||||||||||
S4 | |||||||||||
Annesl is urged the flower bud chamber | | D3 | S5 | 5 ~ 10 | 16 | Stimulate | Appropriateness | The stage regulation and control | Light stimulation | Suitably | |
S6 | |||||||||||
D4 | S7 | ||||||||||
S8 | |||||||||||
Finished product results chamber | | D5 | S9 | 100 | 16 | More steady | The stage regulation and control | The strict grasp | Astigmatism | In time | |
S10 | |||||||||||
D6 | S11 | ||||||||||
S12 |
Operation principle
Shown in table 2 ecotope emulation repertory: the idiographic flow of mushroom plant plantation technological process, in 3 different greenhouses, carry out respectively, both vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl were urged flower bud chamber and finished product results chamber.The greenhouse that the different cultivation cycles is corresponding different, the corresponding vegetative hyphae of P1 chamber, the corresponding annesl of P2 is urged the flower bud chamber, the corresponding finished product results of P3 chamber.Because D1, D2, S1, S2, S3, S4 are included within the scope of P1, thereby these several will be carried out in the vegetative hyphae chamber.In like manner D3, D4, S5, S6, S7, S8 are included within the scope of P2, and corresponding annesl is urged the flower bud chamber; D5, D6, S9, S10, S11, S12 are included within the scope of P3, corresponding finished product results chamber.P1 has 30 day-night cycle cycles, and P2 has 5~10 day-night cycle cycles, and P3 has 100 day-night cycle cycles.
4, monitoring parameter is supporting
Table 3 " the supporting table of monitoring parameter " is an an example of the present invention: the monitoring parameter of " daily output 250kg mushroom plant plantation technology ".This cover parameter is only effective to the mushroom strain that example uses, and just is used for illustrating technology principle of the present invention here.
Operation principle
Shown in the supporting table of table 3 monitoring parameter: (S1~S12) is the basis of monitoring, and S1~S4 is 30C (30 day-night cycle cycles, promptly 30 days), and S5~S8 is 5~10C, and S9~S12 is 100C with 12 breeding processes.Every day (1C) is monitor stages day by day, and 16Pm (16 monitor stages) is all arranged.In monitored item purpose table, listed the concrete operating parameter of mushroom that example uses.
The supporting table of table 3 monitoring parameter
Breeding process S | Ecotope emulation | ||||||
Day-night cycle number of days C | Day by day monitor stages Pm | ||||||
Stage quantity Pm | The monitoring project | ||||||
T ℃ | H % | CO 2 % | L lux. | A | |||
| 30 | 16 | 25±1 | ≤70 | | 0~50 | Appropriateness |
S2 | |||||||
S3 | 80-90 | 50~100 | |||||
| |||||||
S5 | |||||||
5 ~ 10 | 16 | Thermal stimulus | 60-70 | Appropriateness | 50-100 | Suitably ventilate | |
| |||||||
S7 | |||||||
5~10 | 80-90 | The oxygen abundance | Scattered light irradiation in 4 hours round the clock | Suitably ventilate | |||
| |||||||
S9 | |||||||
100 | 16 | 20±2 | 60~80 | <0.1 | 500--2000 | Ventilated in 4 hours round the | |
S10 | |||||||
S11 | |||||||
90~95 | |||||||
S12 |
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method of mushroom culture, comprise that xianggu stick is set the back to be thrown in continuously, urge order propelling in flower bud chamber and finished product results three greenhouses, chamber at vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl, so that mushroom three natural, ecological cycles of experience, be that vegetative hyphae, annesl are urged flower bud and three growth cycles of finished product results, corresponding ecotope of each growth cycle of control institute in each greenhouse then can obtain the continuous mushroom of producing with constant output.
2, the method for mushroom culture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, xianggu stick is put rendered to the vegetative hyphae chamber on mobile stool.
3, the method for mushroom culture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, xianggu stick with every day a collection of~per 5 days a collection of cycles threw in.
4, the method for mushroom culture as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, mushroom is thrown in n rod/group, wherein n 〉=10.
5, the regulation device produced of a kind of mushroom plant comprises factory, it is characterized in that: described factory comprises adjacent successively urges flower bud chamber and finished product results chamber to be provided with doorway and door between adjacent next door at vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl; Urge flower bud chamber and finished product results chamber that the eco-environmental control device is installed at described vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl.
6, the regulation device of mushroom plant production according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described vegetative hyphae chamber, annesl urge flower bud chamber and finished product results chamber to constitute by main chamber and pretreatment chamber.
7, the regulation device of mushroom plant production according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described eco-environmental control device comprises sensor, controller and actuator, and wherein: described sensor comprises temperature sensor, humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, optical sensor; Described actuator comprises displacement apparatus, temperature and humidity and the light source adjusting device of fresh air and carbonic acid gas; The displacement apparatus of described fresh air and carbonic acid gas comprises main chamber's air exhauster, pretreatment chamber's air inlet blower fan, main chamber's inlet flap and carbon dioxide storage groove, the carbon dioxide storage groove is located at main chamber's subsurface, and main chamber's air exhauster is installed in outside each described main chamber and the outer tube of the temperature adjustment pipeline by discharge duct and series connection with it is connected with the carbon dioxide storage groove; The interior pipe that pretreatment chamber's air inlet blower fan is installed in pretreatment chamber and the air inlet temperature adjustment pipeline by pipeline and series connection with it is connected with outdoor; Between main chamber and pretreatment chamber, be provided with main chamber's inlet flap; Described temperature and humidity adjusting device comprises homophony equipment and vernier device, wherein homophony equipment comprises: well, water pump, fan coil, solar water heater, the outlet of water pump and solar water heater and heat exchanger are connected in parallel, and the inlet of water pump is connected with well; The other heat exchange blower fan of installing of fan coil; Described vernier device adopts air conditioner; Described controller comprises MCC switch board, Programmable Logic Controller PLC and information management calculating machine, the analog quantity input interface of PLC is connected with described temperature sensor, humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, optical sensor respectively, and the output interface of PLC is connected with described actuator by the MCC switch board; The controlled end of PLC is connected with information management calculating machine.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 200510007654 CN1817088A (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2005-02-07 | Culturing technology and its apparatus for mushroom plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 200510007654 CN1817088A (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2005-02-07 | Culturing technology and its apparatus for mushroom plant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1817088A true CN1817088A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
Family
ID=36917451
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN 200510007654 Pending CN1817088A (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2005-02-07 | Culturing technology and its apparatus for mushroom plant |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN1817088A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101950183A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2011-01-19 | 李文生 | Device for automatically controlling carbon dioxide in factory cultivation of pleurotus eryngii |
CN101995077A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-03-30 | 阜阳市德益农业科技有限公司 | Automatic air humidity controller in industrial culture of pleurotus eryngii |
CN102696400A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏江南生物科技有限公司 | Industrialized cultivation method of volvariella volvacea |
CN103548564A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | Factory production method for shitake mushrooms |
CN103843582A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-06-11 | 上海雪榕生物科技股份有限公司 | Technique for selecting and culturing bacterial strains for flammulina velutipes |
CN104726344A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-06-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | Culture strain Shanghai F2 suitable for mushroom industrialized cultivation as well as fingerprint spectrum and cultivation method thereof |
CN105123260A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | Method for increasing summer mushroom output |
CN106538234A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2017-03-29 | 湖北永兴食品股份有限公司 | Lentinus Edodess intelligent plant production line |
CN106538233A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2017-03-29 | 湖北永兴食品股份有限公司 | A kind of Lentinus Edodess plant room |
CN107593267A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-19 | 陈俏彪 | Wall is put, the batch production method for cultivating mushroom of one side fruiting |
-
2005
- 2005-02-07 CN CN 200510007654 patent/CN1817088A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101950183A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2011-01-19 | 李文生 | Device for automatically controlling carbon dioxide in factory cultivation of pleurotus eryngii |
CN101995077A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-03-30 | 阜阳市德益农业科技有限公司 | Automatic air humidity controller in industrial culture of pleurotus eryngii |
CN102696400B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-02-26 | 江苏江南生物科技有限公司 | Industrialized cultivation method of volvariella volvacea |
CN102696400A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏江南生物科技有限公司 | Industrialized cultivation method of volvariella volvacea |
CN103548564B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-05-13 | 上海市农业科学院 | Factory production method for shitake mushrooms |
CN103548564A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | Factory production method for shitake mushrooms |
CN103843582A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-06-11 | 上海雪榕生物科技股份有限公司 | Technique for selecting and culturing bacterial strains for flammulina velutipes |
CN104726344A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-06-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | Culture strain Shanghai F2 suitable for mushroom industrialized cultivation as well as fingerprint spectrum and cultivation method thereof |
CN104726344B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2019-10-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | One kind being suitable for mushroom plant cultivation strain Shanghai F2 and its finger-print and cultural method |
CN105123260A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-09 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | Method for increasing summer mushroom output |
CN106538234A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2017-03-29 | 湖北永兴食品股份有限公司 | Lentinus Edodess intelligent plant production line |
CN106538233A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2017-03-29 | 湖北永兴食品股份有限公司 | A kind of Lentinus Edodess plant room |
CN106538234B (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2022-07-22 | 湖北永兴食品股份有限公司 | Intelligent mushroom factory production line |
CN107593267A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-19 | 陈俏彪 | Wall is put, the batch production method for cultivating mushroom of one side fruiting |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102696400B (en) | Industrialized cultivation method of volvariella volvacea | |
CN201640082U (en) | Intelligent multi-storey factory seedling raising device for sunlight greenhouse | |
CN104472335B (en) | Greenhouse type plant factory system for flower production | |
TW201143605A (en) | Method for cultivating stalk attached phalaenopsis seedling with high area efficiency and cultivation device thereof | |
CN105941122A (en) | Household automatic vegetable cultivation box and cultivation method | |
CN104885784A (en) | Process of realizing cultivating annual black fungus through punching bags by using intelligent sunlight greenhouse | |
CN107494454A (en) | A kind of method of industrial aquaculture earthworm | |
CN1817088A (en) | Culturing technology and its apparatus for mushroom plant | |
CN106804283A (en) | A kind of vegetables and the ecological sun-cloudiness shed of edible mushroom symbiosis | |
CN203597163U (en) | Culture greenhouse simulating tropical rainy climate | |
CN109122031A (en) | The method of facility sequential cropping cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata | |
CN109526552A (en) | A kind of sclerotium industrial planting method of hickory chick | |
CN109156225A (en) | A kind of closed plant factor of mixing light source comprehensively utilizing sunlight and artificial light | |
CN112154858A (en) | Indoor annual cultivation method for morchella esculenta | |
CN102037855A (en) | Three-dimensional cultivation technology for mushroom | |
CN104641940A (en) | Novel method for annually planting white fungus in factory | |
CN107347506A (en) | A kind of agricultural planting greenhouse | |
CN201354522Y (en) | Fresh straw mushroom factory production cultivation room | |
CN1765240A (en) | Green house barn | |
CN102422795A (en) | Agricultural multifunctional automatic control greenhouse | |
CN203327585U (en) | Edible mushroom fruiting house | |
CN104584942A (en) | Breeding greenhouse capable of simulating tropical rainforest climate | |
CN205658098U (en) | Warmhouse booth CO2 fertilization control system | |
CN205143042U (en) | Room is cultivateed with constant temperature to paris polyphylla | |
CN202535813U (en) | Multi-layer greenhouse system with carbon dioxide recycling function |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20060816 |