CN103548564A - Factory production method for shitake mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a factory production method for shitake mushrooms. The factory production method for the shitake mushrooms comprises the steps of primary culture, secondary culture, primordia hastening, fruiting and harvesting. The factory production method for the shitake mushrooms breaks the mode of mainly relying on manual operation in existing shitake mushroom production, greatly saves labor, improves labor efficiency and is applicable to factory production.

Description

A kind of industrial production method of mushroom

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of edible fungus culture, relate to specifically a kind of industrial production method of mushroom.

Background technology

China's edible mushroom output value crosses hundred billion, ranks the 5th of plant husbandry, and wherein mushroom production is maximum.The planting edible mushroom of China mainly contains two kinds of patterns: take manual operations as main traditional mode and be operating as main Industrialized mode with automation equipment.Along with the aggravation of aging population process and the raising of labor cost, China's edible fungus culturing is upgraded and has been become a kind of inexorable trend to the transition of Industrialized mode by traditional mode.But because the specification requirement of different edible mushrooms is different, not all kind can be carried out the batch production production of automation at present.See technically, which kind of pattern no matter, the production that edible mushroom is cultivated generally includes spice, pack (bottle), high pressure, normal-pressure sterilization, cooling rear inoculation, cultivation, management of producing mushroom, the basic links such as packing of gathering.In more than 10 of the extensive cultivation of China, plant in edible mushroom, kind that can bottle formula cultivation is suitable for adopting mechanically operated Industrialized mode, as Asparagus, true Ji mushroom, Xingbao mushroom etc., and some kinds are owing to not producing the product with the market competitiveness under existing bottle formula culture technique condition, traditional pocket type cultivation can only be adopted, as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae etc., in pack, inoculation link, automation cannot be realized, greatly consumed labour, long-term stability development has been formed to hidden danger.

Another major reason that the edible mushrooms such as mushroom can not be realized batch production production is completely its fruiting characteristic.First, mushroom can not resemble single tide Asparagus and concentrate fruiting to gather, and a production cycle goes out 4-5 tide mushroom conventionally, and fruiting is not concentrated.The measures such as management of producing mushroom of each tide time conventionally needs bacteria, water filling, urges flower bud, fruiting, the link wherein keeping the skin wet needs each bacterium clubs to do, and recruitment is very big.Secondly, the fruiting of mushroom needs many-sided stimulations such as the temperature difference, wet poor, illumination and mechanical shock could realize, and these measures personalization often, is much the experience of leaning in situations, is difficult to unified standardization, the control measures of precision.

Summary of the invention

First the present invention provides a kind of industrial production method of mushroom, and the method comprises the steps:

1. elementary cultivation: cultivate based in blake bottle with automatic bottling machine filling, then inoculate liquid spawn in blake bottle with automated fluid bacterial classification machine, carry out elementary cultivation;

2. secondary cultivation: after bacterium is sent out in elementary cultivation full, with automatic scratching machine, mushroom fungi is dug out, blend and mix, then briquetting, fills in container, carries out secondary cultivation;

3. urge flower bud, fruiting, gather.

Wherein the condition of elementary cultivation is: temperature 21-22 ℃, and humidity 60～70%RH, illumination is less than 10lux, and CO2 is less than 6,000ppm, and incubation time is no more than 40 days;

Wherein the method for secondary cultivation is:

Insulation (21-25 ℃), moisturizing (90-95%) in front 4-6 days, promote the gentle raw mycelial growth of mycelia healing; Deng the mycelia on bacterium material surface dense white after, carry out successively 2 coolings of taking turns (lower than 15 ℃), hydrofuge (60-70%) and oxygenation (CO2 is less than 4000ppm) operation every day, by the temperature difference, wet variation poor and that oxygen is poor, promote the lodging of aerial hyphae, formation mycoderm; Mycelia lodging, forms after mycoderm, in insulation (21-22 ℃), carries out illumination 100lux, moisturizing (85-90%) in 8 hours every day and processes, and promotes the surface secretion of brown pigment of bacterium material and the formation of brown mycoderma; When bacterium material completes physiological ripening, bacterium material surface is bright brown, and high resilience now can enter and urge flower bud operation;

The method of wherein urging flower bud, fruiting and gathering is:

After secondary cultivation maturation, urge flower bud operation, concrete grammar is: a few days ago water rinses bacterium piece surface and waters permeable, make the water content of bacterium material be greater than 70%, after insulation (21-25 ℃), the vexed bacterium 2-3 of moisturizing (90-95%) days, illumination 300lux, carries out successively 2 coolings of taking turns (lower than 15 ℃), hydrofuge (60-70%) and oxygenation (CO2 is less than 4000ppm) every day and operates, by the temperature difference, wet difference and the former base of the poor promotion of oxygen, occur, generally pass through 3-4 days visible former bases.

Through urging flower bud, the former base of mushroom can be from the brown mycoderma on bacterium material surface broken skin and going out, grow up into gradually small mushroom bud, now can irradiate mushroom flower bud with blue led, be greater than 12 hours every day, can reach the effect that its stem extends that suppresses.Small mushroom bud is through the growth of about 5-7 days, can grow up to diameter 5-6 centimetre, 7-8 and divide ripe commodity mushroom, can pluck by hand.

The industrial production method of a kind of mushroom provided by the invention, by the cultivation of mushroom fungi being resolved into two stages of elementary cultivation and secondary cultivation, in the links such as charging, inoculation, briquetting, introduce mechanical automation operation, the manual operations having broken through in existing Lentnus edodes is main pattern, greatly saved labour, improved efficiency, be applicable to batch production and produce.

Embodiment

Mushroom strain, Shen Xiang 16， Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City.

Automation bottling machine, adopts Lianyun Harbour state prosperous edible mushroom complete set of equipments GXZP of Co., Ltd type bottling machine.

Fully automatic liquid bacterial classification machine, adopts Lianyun Harbour state prosperous edible mushroom complete set of equipments GXJZ-Y of Co., Ltd type inoculation device.

Wherein the cultural method of mushroom liquid bacterial is:

Mycelia is cultivated with culture dish solid culture medium, through ME without living contaminants, take out the mycelia piece of cultivating, with refiner, add after appropriate sterile water homogenate in 15%(V/V) culture fluid after ratio access sterilizing, carry out fermented and cultured and produce level liquid kind, with amplifying after level liquid kind homogenate, produce secondary liquid strain again, with producing cultivation liquid strain after secondary liquid strain homogenate.Wherein I and II liquid strain is produced by the method for triangle shaking flask.

Liquid strain cultural method:

Inoculum concentration 10%, cultivation temperature is controlled at 24 ℃～25 ℃, and about 6 days, within first 3 days, the logical amount of purifying air is 1: 0.5V/Vmin, pressurize 5～7 * 10 ⁴pa, within latter 3 days, throughput doubles.Cultivate and finish, culture fluid is as clear as crystal, a large amount of small even mycelium pellets that suspending in liquid, free from extraneous odour.

Embodiment 1

The first step, elementary cultivation: cultivate based in blake bottle with automatic bottling machine filling, then inoculate liquid spawn in blake bottle with automated fluid bacterial classification machine, carry out elementary cultivation;

According to following formulated liquid spawn culture medium (following percentage is all weight percentage):

Corn flour 2%, soybean meal 2%, glucose 1%, yeast extract 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, 1 liter, water.

With automation bottling machine filling mushroom culture medium in blake bottle, lid lid, autoclaving, cooling after, automatic vaccination mushroom liquid bacterial, in blake bottle, carries out elementary cultivation.

Wherein automatically bottle at PLC(Programmable Logic Controller, programmable logic controller (PLC)) under computer is controlled, by pushing away a basket machine, bottling machine, puncher, capping machine (these are all the organic components of automatic bottling machine complete set of equipments) etc., continuously, automatically complete operations such as pushing away basket, bottling, compacting, punching, gland, whole technological process automation, guarantees the qualitative uniformity of bottling.

The key step of disinfecting action wherein: 1. to pass into sterilizer indoor for steam, and heating, by sterilizing blake bottle to 98 ℃, approximately needs 30 minutes; 2. by vavuum pump, extract sterilizer room air, make it reach the vacuum of regulation; 3. process 1., 2. repeatedly, reaches the number of times of setting; 4. steam is passed into sterilizer indoor, heating, by sterilizing thing, makes temperature rise to 118 ℃ by 102 ℃, keeps the sterilizing pressure of setting and the sterilization time of setting under the sterilising temp of setting, and lasts 3 hours 20 minutes, reaches the object of sterilizing; 5. stop ventilation, temperature drops to 106 ℃ by 117 ℃, lasts 1 hour, gives off steam in sterilizing chamber: 6. by vavuum pump, vacuumize, temperature is down to 103 ℃ by 106 ℃, and return air, to being dried by sterilizing blake bottle, lasts 15 minutes; 7. process 6. repeatedly, temperature is down to 98 ℃ by 103 ℃.

Wherein the key step of liquid inoculation is as follows: fully automatic liquid bacterial classification machine, under PLC computer is controlled, automatically completes into basket, uncaps, inoculation, gland, goes out the actions such as basket, inoculates accurate, quantitative, even, intelligent.The time interval between each action of liquid inoculation is very short, guarantees that fast and safely liquid-spawn inoculation is produced.

Following several respects are noted in inoculation:

1. inoculate indoor temperature and keep 18～20 ℃; 2. the dustless processing in the ground of transfer room; 3. must keep certain barotropic state in transfer room, the introducing of new wind is through high efficiency filter, 10000 grades of indoor maintenances, and inoculation device region keeps 100 grades; 4. transfer room regularly carry out evenly, thoughtful and thorough disinfection; 5. 75% alcohol scouring, immersion or flame calcination for relevant vessel before and after inoculation operation, instrument; 6. in the process of inoculation operation, personnel must be undertaken by sterile working requirement.

Postvaccinal first condition of culture is as follows:

21 ℃ of temperature, humidity 65%RH, illumination is 8lux, CO2 is 5,000ppm, incubation time 38 days.

Second step: secondary cultivation: after bacterium is sent out in elementary cultivation full, with automatic scratching machine, mushroom fungi is dug out, blend and mix, then briquetting, fills in container, carries out secondary cultivation;

With automatic scratching machine, the mushroom fungi after the full bottle of mycelia is dug out, blend and mix simultaneously, then again fill in long 29 centimetres, the container of wide 21 centimetres, high 5 centimetres of certain specifications, after compacting, forming processes, proceed secondary cultivation.

Wherein after elementary cultivation, automatically dig bottle, comprise clean, go to lid, pressure bottle, upset, location, compress, dig cutter and rise, dig the action that the operations such as cutter declines, upset empty bottle require, once can dig out 16 bottles of bacterium material in bacterium bottle.Have saving manpower, labour intensity is low, and operating efficiency is high, digs the features such as bottle quality is good.

The technical process of compound stalk forming wherein: bacterium material enters the charging gear of packing scale from storage bin hopper, stops by reinforced the reaching heavily of thickness two-stage, and container puts in place, feed intake, and compacting.

Bacterium material is pressed into high, the middle low rectangle tray in four limits, and the moulding bacterium material of this kind of shape system contributes to fill water, is beneficial in cultivation process and keeps the skin wet to bacterium material.Be further characterized in that be pressed into flat mushroom spawn has larger top surface area and smaller side area, guarantee more fruiting above, mushroom handle is straight, and mushroom shape just.

Dig bottle and compound stalk forming and note following several respects:

1. indoor temperature keeps 18～20 ℃; 2. the dustless processing in flooring; 3. indoorly must keep certain barotropic state, the introducing of new wind is through high efficiency filter, 10000 grades of indoor maintenances, and inoculation device region keeps 100 grades; 4. indoorly regularly carry out evenly, thoughtful and thorough disinfection; 5. 75% alcohol scouring, immersion or flame calcination for relevant vessel before and after operation, instrument; 6. in the process of operation, personnel must be undertaken by sterile working requirement.

The method of secondary cultivation, cultivate as follows:

Insulation (23 ℃), moisturizing (95%) in front 4-6 days, promote the gentle raw mycelial growth of mycelia healing; Deng the mycelia on bacterium material surface dense white after, carry out successively 2 coolings of taking turns every day (lower than 15 ℃, can be 10 ℃), hydrofuge (60-70%) and ventilation oxygenation (CO2 is 3500ppm) operation, the lodging by the temperature difference, the wet poor and poor promotion of oxygen aerial hyphae, forms mycoderm; Mycelia lodging, forms after mycoderm, in insulation (21 ℃), carries out illumination 100lux, moisturizing (85%) in 8 hours every day and processes, and promotes the surface secretion of brown pigment of bacterium material and the formation of brown mycoderma.When bacterium material completes physiological ripening, bacterium material surface is bright brown, and high resilience now can enter and urge flower bud operation.

The 3rd step, urges flower bud, fruiting, gathers

A few days ago water rinses mushroom spawn surface and waters permeable, make water content be greater than 70%, insulation (23 ℃), the vexed bacterium of moisturizing (95%) are after 2 days, illumination 300lux, carry out successively 2 coolings of taking turns every day (lower than 15 ℃, can be 10 ℃), hydrofuge (65%) and oxygenation (CO2 is less than 4000ppm) operation, by the temperature difference, the wet poor and former base of the poor promotion of oxygen, occur.

With blue led, irradiate mushroom flower bud, be greater than 12 hours every day, can reach and suppress the object that its stem extends.

After bacteria finishes between secondary cultivation moulding, after-ripening annesl or tide, utilize the depression position of mushroom spawn or the original container of splendid attire mushroom spawn to carry out original position moisturizing, cooling, can promote moisturizing to urge flower bud.

Below table 1 be to producing mushroom by the method for embodiment 1 and with the result comparison of the mode of production production mushroom of traditional bacterium rod.

The comparison of table 1 production result

Claims (1)

1. an industrial production method for mushroom, is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:

1. elementary cultivation: cultivate based in blake bottle with automatic bottling machine filling, then inoculate liquid spawn in blake bottle with automated fluid bacterial classification machine, carry out elementary cultivation;

2. secondary cultivation: after bacterium is sent out in elementary cultivation full, with automatic scratching machine, mushroom fungi is dug out, blend and mix, then briquetting, fills in container, carries out secondary cultivation;

3. urge flower bud, fruiting, gather.