CN103502403B - 二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物及含有该组合物的润滑组合物 - Google Patents
二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物及含有该组合物的润滑组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103502403B CN103502403B CN201280017636.6A CN201280017636A CN103502403B CN 103502403 B CN103502403 B CN 103502403B CN 201280017636 A CN201280017636 A CN 201280017636A CN 103502403 B CN103502403 B CN 103502403B
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propofol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1O OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L zinc;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
- C07F11/005—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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Abstract
新颖的二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物,其通过从包含大于50%的2-丁烯的丁烯原料制备二-十三胺(DTDA)中间体,并从DTDA中间体制备二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物来制备。所得的二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物如通式(1)所示,其中R1至R4为C11-C14异烷基,且X代表氧或硫原子,且R1至R4包括平均大于98%的C13。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及具有改善的油溶性的新颖的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物。
现有技术描述
通式(1)的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)组合物是公知的润滑油添加剂,其具有减摩擦、抗磨和抗氧化特性,其中R1至R4为异十三烷基或C11-C14异烷基的混合物,且X代表氧和/或硫原子:
虽然通式(1)的MoDTC组合物具有良好的减摩擦、抗磨和抗氧化特性,但是已知其在高粘度指数的油中和/或低温下缺乏油溶性,导致浑浊、雾状或沉淀物的形成,这降低了润滑剂的效能。例如,在美国专利5,627,146和6,245,725中,Tanaka等人教示使用二-2-乙基己胺与二-异十三胺(DTDA)制备的MoDTC组合物与仅以DTDA制备的MoDTC组合物相比具有改善的油溶性。
在本公开中,发明人出乎意料地发现可从特定DTDA组合物制备具改善的油溶性的MoDTC组合物。具体地,本发明人发现,利用由大量(>50%)2-丁烯与少量1-丁烯和/或异丁烯组成的丁烯原料低聚所得的DTDA来制备的、并因此具有平均大于98%的C13作为R取代基的MoDTC组合物,与利用其他本领域内已知的DTDA组合物(特别是二-C11-14-异烷基,富含C13的胺和双(C11-C14,支链和直链烷基)胺)所制备的MoDTC组合物相比,可具有在高粘度指数的油中和/或在低温下的改善的油溶性。应注意的是,在本领域中,二-C11-14-异烷基,富含C13胺;和双(C11-C14,支链和直链烷基)胺通常也被称为DTDA(尽管不精确),且具有平均不大于73%的C13作为R取代基。
发明简述
如流程1所示,DTDA组合物的基本结构单元为低碳烯烃原料,其主要由丁烯或丙烯气体组成。为了形成DTDA烷基链,将富含丁烯和丙烯的低碳烯烃原料低聚成同分异构的十二烯混合物,其通常分别称为丁烯三聚体及丙烯四聚体。然后,所得的高碳烯烃组合物在钴或铑催化剂的存在下,经由烯烃与一氧化碳和氢反应的加氢甲酰化反应,被转换为C13或富含C13的醇和/或醛。在工业规模中,烯烃的加氢甲酰化被称为羰基合成或羰基化过程,且所得的醇组合物一般被称为羰基醇。在本领域中,C13及富含C13的羰基醇一般被称为异十三醇。在流程的最后步骤中,通过称为还原胺化的过程将醇和/或醛组合物转化为DTDA。对于本发明,利用由大量(>50%)2-丁烯与少量1-丁烯和/或异丁烯组成的丁烯原料通过该化学转化顺序来制备MoDTC。
本发明还涉及用于制备新颖的二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物的方法,以及涉及含有有效量的本发明的二-异十三烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物的润滑组合物。本发明的添加剂具有改善的溶解度,特别是在高粘度指数的油中和/或低温下。尤其是,本发明涉及从丁烯衍生的DTDA制备的新颖的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼,其具有平均大于98%的C13作为R取代基的一部分。应注意的是,所要求保护的MoDTC组合物可由MoDTC分子组成,其烷基R基结构可能有所不同,但作为整体的组合物将具有平均大于98%的C13。
附图简述
附图为用于制备二-异十三胺(DTDA)组合物的流程图,从富含丁烯和丙烯的原料开始。
发明详述
本发明的MoDTC组合物可以由本领域技术人员已知的多种方法中的任何方法制备,例如,但不限于,三氧化钼、水、二硫化碳和二烷基胺的反应。其他方法的实例描述于美国专利3,356,702、3,509,051、4,098,705、4,178,258、5,631,213、7,312,348、7,524,799和7,858,655。
本发明的关键在于二烷基胺起始原料。具体地,所述胺应为源自丁烯气体原料的DTDA,所述丁烯气体原料为由顺-2-丁烯、反-2-丁烯、1-丁烯与异丁烯组成的C4烯烃混合物。应注意的是,痕量的其他烯烃,例如乙烯,丙烯和戊烯,可存在于此原料中。为了形成异-十三烷基链,首先将丁烯原料低聚为三-丁烯,其为十二烯分子的同分异构混合物。在丁烯低聚之后,所得的三聚体经由加氢甲酰化或羰基化过程被转换为异-十三醛和/或异-十三醇,此为化学工业已知的。最后步骤为通过还原胺化而将异-十三醛和/或异-十三醇转化为DTDA。在还原胺化中,醛和/或醇组合物与氨、伯胺或仲胺反应以形成亚胺中间体,其接着经由催化氢化而分别被还原成伯、仲及叔胺。对于二烷基胺如二-异十三胺,胺化剂为氨并且异-十三醛和/或异-十三醇首先形成伯胺或异-十三胺。接着,异-十三胺与十三醛和/或异-十三醇进一步反应以形成相对应的二-异十三胺,其转而可再次与异-十三醛和/或异-十三醇反应以形成三-异十三胺。依据反应批次的组成以及其他反应条件如压力、温度和反应时间,控制此过程以优选形成DTDA。
为增加抗氧化性、抗磨性与减摩擦性,可以以有效产生所需特性的量来将本发明组合物通过已知方法并入润滑组合物。在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述量基于润滑组合物的总重为约0.01-3.0重量%,优选为约0.1-1%,最优选为约0.25-5%。
用作润滑媒介的基础油(base oils)为用于汽车和工业的典型的油,例如,汽轮机油、液压油、齿轮油、曲轴箱机油以及柴油。天然基础油包括,矿物油、石油油料(petroleum oils)、石蜡油和植物油。基础油也可选自由石油烃及合成来源衍生的油。烃基础油可以选自环烷油、芳香油和石蜡矿物油。合成油可选自酯类油(如硅酸酯,季戊四醇酯和羧酸酯)、氢化矿物油、硅酮、硅烷、聚硅氧烷、烯聚合物和聚乙二醇醚等。
润滑组合物任选地含有必须成分以制备组合物,例如,分散剂、
乳化剂和粘度改良剂。依据润滑剂的预期用途,可添加其他功能性添加剂以促进润滑剂的特定性质。润滑组合物也可含有一种或多种下列添加剂:
1. 硼酸化和/或非硼酸化分散剂
2. 其他抗氧化剂
3. 密封膨胀组合物
4. 摩擦改性剂
5. 极压/抗磨剂
6. 粘度改性剂
7. 降凝剂(Pour point depressants)
8. 除垢剂
9. 磷酸盐
10. 消泡剂
11. 防锈剂
12. 铜缓蚀剂
1.硼酸化和/或非硼酸化分散剂
非硼酸化无灰分散剂可并入到最终的液体组合物,其的量占高达10重量%(基于无油的情况)。下文列出的多种类型的无灰分散剂是本领域内已知的。也可包括硼酸化无灰分散剂。
(A)“羧酸分散剂”为含有至少约34个,优选至少约54个碳原子的羧酸酰化剂(酸、酸酐、酯等)与含氮的化合物(例如,胺)、有机羟基化合物(例如,包括一元醇和多元醇的脂肪族化合物,或包括苯酚和萘酚的芳香族化合物)、和/或碱性无机物质反应的反应产物。这些反应产物包括羧酸酰化剂的酰亚胺、酰胺以及酯反应产物。这些物质的实例包括琥珀酰亚胺分散剂和羧酸酯分散剂。羧酸酰化剂包括烷基琥珀酸及酸酐,其中烷基为聚丁基部分、脂肪酸、异脂族酸(例如,8-甲基硬脂酸)、二聚酸、加成二羧酸、不饱和脂肪酸与不饱和羧酸试剂的加成(4+2和2+2)产物、三聚酸、加成三羧酸(例如,1040、5460和60)、以及烃基取代的羧酸酰化剂(源自烯烃和/或聚烯烃)。在一优选实施方案中,羧酸酰化剂为脂肪酸。脂肪酸一般包含约8个至约30个,或约12个至约24个碳原子。羧酸酰化剂在美国专利号2,444,328、3,219,666和4,234,435中教示,将其并入本文作为参考。胺可为单胺或多胺。单胺一般具有至少一个含有1个至约24个碳原子或1至约12个碳原子的烃基。单胺的实例包括脂肪(C8-C30)胺、伯醚胺、叔-脂族伯胺、羟胺(伯、仲或叔烷醇胺)、醚N-(羟基烃基)胺以及羟基烃基胺。多胺包括烷氧基化二胺、脂肪二胺、亚烷基多胺(亚乙基多胺)、含有羟基的多胺、聚氧化亚烷基多胺、缩合多胺(至少一个羟基化合物与至少一个含有至少一个伯或仲氨基的多胺反应物之间的缩合反应)以及杂环多胺。可使用的胺包括美国专利号4,234,435和美国专利号5,230,714所公开的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。这些“羧酸分散剂”的实例描述于英国专利1,306,529以及美国专利号3,219,666、3,316,177、3,340,281、3,351,552、3,381,022、3,433,744、3,444,170、3,467,668、3,501,405、3,542,680、3,576,743、3,632,511、4,234,435和Re26,433,将其并入本文以用作对分散剂的公开的参考。
(B)“胺分散剂”为较高分子量脂肪族或脂环族卤化物与胺、优选聚亚烷基多胺的反应产物。胺分散剂的实例描述于例如美国专利号3,275,554、3,438,757、3,454,555和3,565,804,将其并入本文以用作对分散剂的公开的参考。
(C)“Mannich分散剂”为其中烷基含有至少约30个碳原子的烷基酚与醛(特别是甲醛)和胺(特别是聚亚烷基多胺)的反应产物。将美国专利号3,036,003、3,236,770、3,414,347、3,448,047、346,172、3,539,633、3,586,629、3,591,598、3,634,515、3,725,480和3,726,882中所描述的物质并入本文以用作对分散剂的公开的参考。
(D)处理后的分散剂通过将羧酸、胺或Mannich分散剂与试剂如脲、硫脲、二硫化碳、醛、酮、羧酸、烃取代的琥珀酸酐、腈、环氧化物、硼化合物、磷化合物、钼化合物、钨化合物等反应而获得。将美国专利号3,200,107、3,282,955、3,367,943、3,513,093、3,639,242、3,649,659、3,442,808、3,455,832、3,579,450、3,600,372、3,702,757、3,708,422、4,259,194、4,259,195、4,263,152、4,265,773、7,858,565和7,879,777并入本文以用作对分散剂的公开的参考。
(E)聚合物分散剂为油溶单体如甲基丙烯酸癸酯、乙烯基癸醚和高分子量烯烃与含极性取代基的单体的互聚物,例如氨基烷基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酰胺和聚-(氧乙烯)-取代的丙烯酸酯。聚合物分散剂公开于美国专利号3,329,658、3,449,250、3,519,656、3,666,730、3,687,849和3,702,300,将其并入本文以用作对分散剂和无灰分散剂的公开的参考。
硼酸化分散剂公开于美国专利号3,087,936和3,254,025,将其并入本文以用作对硼酸化分散剂的公开的参考。
还包括的可能的分散剂添加剂公开于美国专利号5,198,133和4,857,214,将其并入本文作为参考。这些专利的分散剂包括烯基琥珀酰亚胺或琥珀酰亚胺无灰分散剂与磷酯或与无机含磷的酸或酸酐以及硼化合物的反应产物。
2.其他抗氧化剂化合物
若需要,可在本发明的组合物中使用其他抗氧化剂。典型的抗氧化剂包括受阻酚抗氧化剂(hindered phenolic antioxidants)、芳香仲胺抗氧化剂、受阻胺抗氧化剂、硫化酚抗氧化剂、油溶性铜化合物、含磷的抗氧化剂、有机硫化物、二硫化物和聚硫化物等。
示例性位阻酚抗氧化剂包括邻烷基化酚化合物,例如,2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚、4-甲基-2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚、2,4,6-三-叔-丁基苯酚、2-叔-丁基苯酚、2,6-二异丙基苯酚、2-甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚、4-(N,N-二甲基氨甲基)-2,8-二-叔-丁基苯酚、4-乙基-2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚、2-甲基-6-苯乙烯基苯酚、2,6-二苯乙烯基-4-壬基苯酚,及其类似物和同源物。二个或更多个单核酚化合物的混合物也是适用的。
其他优选的可用于本发明组合物的酚抗氧化剂为亚甲基桥接的烷基酚,且这些抗氧化剂可单独或互相组合地使用,或与位阻非桥接的酚化合物组合地使用。示例性亚甲基桥接的化合物包括4,4’-亚甲基双(6-叔-丁基-邻甲酚)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-叔-戊基-邻甲酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚)以及类似的化合物。特别优选为亚甲基桥接的烷基酚的混合物,例如美国专利号3,211,652所述,将其并入本文作为参考。
胺抗氧化剂,特别是油溶性芳香族仲胺,也可用于本发明的组合物。尽管优选为芳香族仲单胺,但芳香族仲多胺也适用。示例性芳香族仲单胺包括二苯胺、含1或2个烷基取代基(每一个具有高达约16个碳原子)的烷基二苯胺、苯基-β-萘胺、苯基-p-萘胺、含1或2个烷基或芳烷基(每一个具有高达约16个碳原子)的烷基-或芳烷基-取代的苯基-β-萘胺、含1或2个烷基或芳烷基(每一个具有高达约16个碳原子)的烷基-或芳烷基-取代的苯基-p-萘胺,以及类似的化合物。
优选的芳香族胺抗氧化剂的类型为下述通式的烷基化二苯胺:
R5-C6H4-NH-C6H4-R6 (2)
其中R5为具有8至12个碳原子(更优选为8或9碳原子)的烷基(优选为支链烷基),且R6为氢原子或具有8至12个碳原子(更优选为8或9碳原子)的烷基(优选为支链烷基)。最优选地,R5与R6相同。一种这样的优选化合物为市售商品,如438L,其被理解为主要是4,4’-二壬基二苯胺(即双(4-壬基苯酚)(胺))的物质,其中壬基为支链的。
受阻胺为可用于本发明的组合物的另一种类型的胺类抗氧化剂,其有二种主要类型,嘧啶和哌啶。这些已详述于前文,以及详述于美国专利号5,073,278、美国专利号5,273,669和美国专利号5,268,113。优选的受阻胺包括由Cytec以商品名UV-3853和UV-3581销售的4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶和十二烷基-N-(2,2,6,6,-四甲基-4-哌啶)琥珀酸酯;由Songwon以商品名7700和2920LQ销售的二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯和二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯;以及由Ciba以商品名123销售的双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯。
优选在本发明组合物中包括的其他可用类型的抗氧化剂为一种或多种液态部分硫化的酚化合物,例如是通过下述而制备的:使一氯化硫与液态的酚混合物(所述酚混合物的至少约50重量%由一种或多种反应性受阻酚组成)成比例地反应,从而提供每摩尔反应性受阻酚约0.3至约0.7g一氯化硫,从而产生液态产物。用于制备这样的液态产物组合物的典型的酚混合物包括含有约75重量%的2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚、约10重量%的2-叔-丁基苯酚、约13重量%的2,4,6-三-叔-丁基苯酚和约2重量%的2,4-二-叔-丁基苯酚的混合物。此反应为放热反应,因此优选将温度保持为约15℃至约70℃,最优选为约40℃至约60℃。
其他可使用类型的抗氧化剂为2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉(TMDQ)聚合物以及含有芳香化端单元的同源物,例如描述于美国专利号6,235,686中的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。
可使用的抗氧化剂为含硫的物质,例如亚甲基双(二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯),其中烷基含有4至8个碳原子。例如,亚甲基双(二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)为R.T.Vanderbilt Co.,Inc市售的VANLUBE
也可使用不同抗氧化剂的混合物。一种适合的混合物由下述的组合构成:(i)至少3种不同位阻叔丁基化一元酚的油溶性混合物,其在25℃为液态;(ii)至少3种不同位阻叔丁基化亚甲基桥接的多酚的油溶性混合物;以及(iii)至少一种双(4-烷基苯基)胺,其中烷基为具8至12个碳原子的支链烷基,(i)、(ii)和(iii)的重量比为,每重量份组分(iii)3.5至5.0份组分(i)和0.9至1.2份组分(ii),如美国专利号5,328,619所述,将其并入本文作为参考。
其他可用的优选抗氧化剂为美国专利号4,031,023的公开所包括的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。
3.密封膨胀组合物
设计为保持密封柔韧性的组合物也是本领域内公知的。优选的密封膨胀组合物为异癸基环丁砜。密封膨胀组合物优选以约0.1-3wt%并入组合物。取代的3-烷氧基环丁砜在美国专利号4,029,587中公开,将其并入本文作为参考。
4.摩擦改性剂
摩擦改性剂也为本领域技术人员所公知的。可使用的摩擦改性剂的列举包括在美国专利号4,792,410中,将其并入本文作为参考。美国专利号5,110,488公开了脂肪酸的金属盐,特别是锌盐,并将其并入本文作为参考。可使用的摩擦改性剂包括脂肪亚磷酸酯、脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪环氧化物、硼酸化脂肪环氧化物、脂肪胺、甘油酯、硼酸化甘油酯烷氧基化脂肪胺、硼酸化烷氧基化脂肪胺、脂肪酸的金属盐、硫化烯烃、脂肪酸咪唑啉、二硫代氨基甲酸钼(例如,美国专利号4,259,254,将其并入本文作为参考)、钼酸酯(例如,美国专利号5,137,647和美国专利号4,889,647,将其并入本文作为参考)、具有硫供体的钼酸胺(例如,美国专利号4,164,473,将其并入本文作为参考),及其混合物。
优选的摩擦改性剂为前文所述的硼酸化脂肪环氧化物,如按照其硼含量而所包含的。摩擦改性剂优选在组合物中占0.1-10重量%,且可为单一摩擦改性剂或两种或更多种的组合。
摩擦改性剂也包括脂肪酸的金属盐。可使用的阳离子优选为锌、镁、钙和钠以及任何其他碱金属或碱土金属。盐可通过每当量胺包含过量的阳离子而过碱化。过量的阳离子接着可用二氧化碳处理以形成碳酸盐。可使适当的盐与酸反应形成盐来制备金属盐,且在适当情况添加二氧化碳至反应混合物中以形成任何超出形成盐所需阳离子的阳离子的碳酸盐。优选的摩擦改性剂为油酸锌。
5.极压/抗磨剂
可添加二烷基二硫代磷酸琥珀酸盐以提供抗磨保护。优选可添加锌盐作为二烃基二硫代磷酸的锌盐,并可由下式表示:
其中R7和R8可为相同或不同的烃基,其含有1至18个、优选2至12个碳原子,且含有诸如烷基、烯基、芳基、芳基烷基、烷芳基和脂环族基团的基团。特别地,优选的R7和R8为2至8个碳原子的烷基。因此,所述基团可为,例如,乙基、正-丙基、异-丙基、正-丁基、异-丁基、仲-丁基、戊基、正-己基、异-己基、正-辛基、癸基、十二烷基、十八烷基、2-乙基己基、苯基、丁基苯基、环己基、甲基环戊基、丙烯基、丁烯基。为了获得油溶性,二硫代磷酸中的总碳原子数(即R和R’)一般为约5或更多。
在润滑组合物中还包括与锌盐相同重量百分比的亚磷酸氢二丁酯(DBPH)和单硫代磷酸三苯酯以及通过使二丁胺、二硫化碳和丙烯酸甲酯反应而生成的硫代氨基甲酸酯,从而提供抗磨/极压性能。硫代氨基甲酸酯描述于美国专利号4,758,362,且含磷的金属盐描述于美国专利号4,466,894。将二者并入本文作为参考。锑或铅盐也可用于极压。优选的盐为二硫代氨基甲酸的盐,例如二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锑。
6.粘度改性剂
粘度改性剂(VM)和分散粘度改性剂(DVM)为公知的。例如,VM和DVM的实例为聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、苯乙烯-马来酸酯共聚物,以及类似的聚合物质,包括均聚物、共聚物和接枝共聚物。粘度改性剂的概括可见于美国专利号5,157,088、5,256,752和5,395,539,将其并入本文作为参考。VM和/或DVM优选以高达10重量%的水平并入到完全配制(fully formulated)的组合物。
7.降凝剂(PPD)
这些组分特别可用于改善润滑油的低温品质。优选的降凝剂为烷基萘。降凝剂如美国专利号4,880,553和4,753,745所公开,将其并入本文作为参考。PPD一般用于润滑组合物以降低在低温和低剪切率下测量的粘度。降凝剂优选以0.1-5重量%使用。用以评价润滑液的低温、低剪切速率流变的测试的实例包括ASTM D97(倾点)、ASTM D2983(布氏粘度)、D4684(微型旋转粘度计)和D5133(扫描布氏技术(Scanning Brookfield))。
8.除垢剂
润滑组合物在许多情况下也优选含有除垢剂。本文所用的除垢剂优选为有机酸的金属盐。除垢剂的有机酸部分优选为磺酸盐、羧酸盐、酚盐或水杨酸盐。除垢剂的金属部分优选为碱金属或碱土金属。优选的金属为钠、钙、钾和镁。优选地,除垢剂为过碱化,表明存在超出形成中性金属盐所需金属的化学当量过量的金属。
优选的过碱化的有机盐为具有基本亲油特性的磺酸盐,且其由有机物质形成。有机磺酸盐在润滑剂和除垢剂领域为公知物质。磺酸盐化合物应优选含有平均约10至约40个碳原子,优选约12至约36个碳原子,且最优选平均约14至32个碳原子。同样地,酚盐、草酸盐和羧酸盐优选具有基本亲油特性。
虽然本发明允许碳原子为芳香族或石蜡构型,但高度优选的是,使用烷基化芳香族化合物。虽然可使用基于萘的物质,但芳香族的选择在于苯部分。
因此,一种特别优选的组分为过碱化单磺化烷基化苯,且优选为单烷基化苯。优选地,烷基苯部分从釜底残存物来源(still bottomsources)获得并且是单-或二-烷基化化合物。应确信的是,在本发明中,单烷基化芳香族化合物在整体性质上优于二烷基化芳香族化合物。
优选的是,在本发明中,使用单烷基化芳香族化合物(苯)的混合物以获得单烷基化盐(苯磺酸盐)。其中组合物的主要部分包含丙烯聚合物作为烷基来源的混合物有助于盐的溶解度。单官能(例如单磺化)物质的使用避免了分子的交联,减少盐从润滑剂的沉淀。优选的是,盐为过碱化的。来自过碱化的过量金属具有中和酸的作用,其可形成润滑剂。第二个优点为过碱化的盐增加了摩擦的动力系数。优选地,存在的过量金属超出中和酸所需的金属,其的比例基于当量约为高达约30:1,优选为5:1至18:1。
在组合物中使用的过碱化的盐的量基于无油情况优选为约0.1至约10重量%。过碱化的盐通常在约50%的油中制成,并且基于无油情况TBN范围为10-600。硼酸化和非硼酸化的过碱化的除垢剂可见于美国专利号5,403,501和4,792,410,将其并入本文以作为对此相关公开的参考。
9.磷酸盐
润滑组合物还优选可包括至少一种磷酸、磷酸盐、磷酸酯或其衍生物,包括量优选为0.002-1.0重量%的含硫的类似物。磷酸、其的盐、酯或衍生物包括选自以下的化合物:磷酸酯或其盐、亚磷酸盐、含磷的酰胺、含磷的羧酸或酯、含磷的醚,及上述的混合物。
在一实施方案中,磷酸、酯或衍生物可为磷酸、磷酸酯、磷酸盐、或其衍生物。磷酸包括磷酸、膦酸、次膦酸和硫代磷酸,包括二硫代磷酸以及单硫代磷酸、硫代次膦酸和硫代膦酸。
一类化合物为O,O-二烷基-二硫代磷酸酯以及马来酸酯或富马酸酯的加合物。所述化合物可以通过已知方法制备,如描述于美国专利号3,359,203,例如,O,O-二(2-乙基己基)S-(1,2-二羰丁氧基乙基)二硫代磷酸酯。
羧酸酯的二硫代磷酸酯为另一类可用于本发明的化合物。优选为具2至8个碳原子的烷基酯,例如3-[[双(1-甲基乙氧基)硫膦基]硫]丙酸乙酯。
第三类可用于本发明的无灰二硫代磷酸酯包括:
(i)下列通式的那些
其中R7和R8独立地选自3至8个碳原子的烷基(R.T.VanderbiltCo.,Inc.市售的VANLUBE7611M);
(ii)羧酸的二硫代磷酸酯,如Ciba Geigy Corp以63市售的那些;
(iii)三苯基硫逐磷酸酯,例如Ciba Geigy Corp以TPPT市售的那些;以及
锌盐优选添加至润滑组合物,其的量为三苯基硫逐磷酸酯的0.1-5,其中苯基可被高达二个烷基取代。其中,此基团的实例为三苯基硫逐磷酸酯等,如市售的TPPT(Ciba-Geigy Corp.制造)。
磷酸化合物的优选组为二烷基磷酸单烷基伯胺盐,例如描述于美国专利号5,354,484中的那些,将其并入本文作为参考。85%的磷酸为用于添加到完全配制的ATF包(ATF package)中的优选化合物,且优选基于ATF重量以约0.01-0.3重量%的水平而被包括在内。
烷基磷酸酯的胺盐可以通过已知方法制备,例如美国专利号4,130,494公开的方法,将其并入本文作为参考。适合的磷酸单或二酯或其混合物可被胺中和。当使用单酯时,需要2摩尔的胺,而二酯则需要1摩尔的胺。在任何情况下,所需的胺的量可通过监测反应的中和点来控制,在所述中和点,总酸值与总碱值基本相等。或者,也可向反应添加中和剂,例如氨或乙二胺。
优选的磷酸酯为脂肪族酯,包括2-乙基己基、正-辛基、己基单-或二-酯。胺可选自伯胺或仲胺。特别优选为具10至24个碳原子的叔烷基胺。这些胺可为市售的,例如Rohm and Haas Co.制造的81R。
磺酸盐为本领域公知的,且可市购。可用于制备本发明增效剂的芳香族磺酸的代表为烷基化苯磺酸和烷基化萘磺酸,其具有1至4个烷基,所述烷基各自具有8至20个碳。特别优选为被具有9至18个碳的烷基取代的萘磺酸盐,例如,二壬基萘磺酸盐。
10.消泡剂
消泡剂为本领域公知的,如硅酮或氟硅酮组合物。这样的消泡剂可从Dow Corning Chemical Corporation和Union Carbide Corporation购得。优选的氟硅酮消泡剂为Dow FS-1265。优选的硅酮消泡剂为DowCorning DC-200和Union Carbide UC-L45。其他可单独或以混合物形式包括在组合物中的消泡剂为Nitro,West Virginia的MonsantoPolymer Products Co.的称为PC-1244的聚丙烯酸酯消泡剂。此外,也可包括Farmington Hills,Michigan的OSI Specialties,Inc.的硅氧烷聚醚共聚物消泡剂。一种这样的物质以SILWET-L-7220市售。消泡剂产品优选包括在本发明组合物中,其的水平与基于无油情况的活性成分相比为每百万分之5至80份。
11.防锈剂
防锈剂的实施方案包括烷基萘磺酸的金属盐。
12.铜缓蚀剂
可任选添加的铜缓蚀剂的实施方案包括噻唑、三唑和噻二唑。这样的化合物的实例实施方案包括苯并三唑、甲苯基三唑、辛基三唑、癸基三唑、十二烷基三唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-巯基-5-烃基硫代-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-巯基-5-烃基二硫代-1,3,4-噻二唑、2,5-双(烃基硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑和2,5-双(烃基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑。
实施例
以下实施例以例示本发明的目的给出,而不旨在限制本发明。除非另有说明,所有百分比和份皆基于重量。
实施例1
使用表1所示的DTDA组合物制备本发明的和比较的MoDTC组合物。对于本发明实施例(MoDTC-1),大部分DTDA原料(DTDA-1)源自含有约70%2-丁烯(顺式和反式)、约20%异丁烯和约10%异丁烯的丁烯原料。对于比较例(MoDTC-A和MoDTC-B),DTDA原料(DTDA-A和DTDA-B)源自富含丙烯的原料,其还分别含有异丁烯或乙烯。所有的MoDTC组合物均以相同程序制备,包括使DTDA与三氧化钼、水与二硫化碳反应。具体地,MoDTC组合物使用美国专利号7,312,348所教示的方法制备,将其并入本文作为参考。
表1
实施例2
通过在70℃加热并充分搅拌,将实施例1的MoDTC组合物完全溶于4cSt PAO合成基础油。将溶液冷却至室温。在室温下搅拌12小时后,观察到溶液有沉淀物。如表2所总结的,只有用本发明MoDTC-1所制备的溶液没有沉淀物。
实施例3
将实施例1的MoDTC组合物完全溶解于市售的GF-4普通10W-30机油。接着将这些溶液置于维持在12℃的冷藏箱中。在24小时后,观察到溶液有沉淀物。如表2所总结的,只有用本发明MoDTC-1所制备的溶液没有沉淀物。
实施例4
将实施例1的MoDTC组合物完全溶解于市售的GF-4合成10W-30机油。接着将这些溶液置于维持在-10℃的冷冻箱。在6与60天后,发现溶液有沉淀物。如表2所总结的,只有用本发明MoDTC-1所制备的溶液没有沉淀物。
表2:
不同润滑组合物中MoDTC的储存稳定性
*MoDTC/稀释油混合物含有约7质量%的钼,作为MoDTC/稀释油组合物的一部分而测量的
**以与稀释油形成50/50质量比的混合物形式将MoDTC添加到润滑剂,在润滑剂中产生0.25-0.5%的MoDTC。
根据实施例,使用大部分的源自丁烯原料的DTDA所制备的本发明MoDTC优于使用源自富含丙烯的原料的DTDA组合物所制备的MoDTC组合物。对于熟悉本领域的人员,这些结果更令人惊讶地考虑到,预期由具有广泛碳数分布的二烷基胺(即,基于丙烯的DTDA)所制备的MoDTC组合物与具有非常均匀的碳数分布(即,基于丁烯的DTDA)的MoDTC组合物相比具有更好的油溶性。根据表1,虽然基于丙烯的DTDA组合物的烷基链具有11至14个碳,但基于丁烯的DTDA、DTDA-1的烷基链基本全部为异-十三烷基。相比之下,其中约98%的烷基链为C13的本发明MoDTC-1的优异油溶性可归因于基于丁烯的DTDA的同分异构多样性,其转而归因于丁烯原料的同分异构丰富度,包括4种同分异构体,即顺-2-丁烯、反-2-丁烯、1-丁烯和异丁烯,而基于丙烯的DTDA的原料不含有同分异构物质。
实施例5
使用表3所列的DTDA组合物制备本发明的和比较的MoDTC。对于本发明实施例(MoDTC-2),大部分DTDA原料(DTDA-1)源自含有约70%2-丁烯(顺式与反式)、约20%异丁烯和约10%异丁烯的丁烯原料。对于比较例MoDTC-C,DTDA原料为由70%DTDA-1和30%DTDA-B组成的混合物。后者为源自富含丙烯也含有乙烯的原料。在比较例MoDTC-D中,DTDA原料为100%DTDA-B。所有MoDTC组合物以相同程序制备,包括使DTDA与三氧化钼、水和二硫化碳反应。具体地,MoDTC组合物使用以美国专利号7,524,799所教示的方法制备,其并入本文作为参考。
表3
实施例6
将实施例5的MoDTC组合物(0.73质量%)完全溶于市售的普通GF-55W-30机油。接着,将溶液置于维持12℃的冷藏箱,以及维持-10℃的冷冻箱。如表4所总结的,仅含有本发明MoDTC-2的溶液在40天后,仍维持没有浑浊、雾状或沉淀物。
表4:
普通GF-55W-30机油中MoDTC组合物**(0.73%)的储存稳定性
温度 | MoDTC-2 | MoDTC-C | MoDTC-D |
12℃ | 40天时澄清 | 9天时沉淀 | 1天时沉淀 |
-10℃ | 40天时澄清 | 2天时非常浑浊 | 1天时呈雾状 |
**以与稀释油形成70/30质量比的混合物而将MoDTC添加到润滑剂,在润滑剂中产生约0.51%的MoDTC。
MoDTC/稀释油混合物含有约9.6质量%的钼,作为MoDTC/稀释油组合物的一部分而测量的。
实施例7
将实施例5的MoDTC组合物(0.73质量%)完全溶解于市售的合成GF-55W-30机油。接着,将溶液置于维持12℃的冷藏箱以及维持-10℃的冷冻箱。如表6所总结的,仅含有本发明MoDTC-2的溶液在40天后,仍维持不具有浑浊、雾状或沉淀。
表5:
合成GF-55W-30机油中MoDTC组合物**(0.73%)的储存稳定性
温度 | MoDTC-2 | MoDTC-C | MoDTC-D |
12℃ | 40天后澄清 | 16天时沉淀 | 2天时沉淀 |
-10℃ | 2天和40天时轻微浑浊 | 2天时非常浑浊 | 1天时呈雾状 |
*MoDTC/稀释油混合物含有约9.6质量%的钼,作为MoDTC/稀释油组合物的一部分而测量的。
**以与稀释油形成70/30质量比的混合物形式将MoDTC添加到润滑剂,在润滑剂中产生约0.51%的MoDTC。
根据实施例,使用大部分的源自丁烯原料的DTDA制备的本发明MoDTC优于由含有大于5%的基于丙烯的DTDA的DTDA组合物制备的MoDTC组合物。此外,可见的是,可一定程度地容忍超出本发明限制(即>98%C13)的MoDTC的存在,不会造成不良影响(例如,高达10%,优选高达5%的源自DTDA-B的MoDTC)。然而,作为润滑油中所有MoDTC组分的一部分,量大于10%或更多的来自DTDA-B的MoDTC会对溶解度产生不良影响。因此,本发明润滑组合物具有C11-C14MoDTC组分,其包括大于90%,更优选至少95%,且优选至少99%的源自具有大于98%C13的DTDA-1的本发明MoDTC。应注意的是,本领域技术人员可能希望合并C11-C14类型以外的额外MoDTC,作为本发明润滑组合物的一部分。即,可添加例如源自乙基己胺或二辛胺的MoDTC。
Claims (3)
1.用于制备在润滑油中具有改善的溶解度的二硫代氨基甲酸钼组合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
由包含大于50质量%的2-丁烯的丁烯原料制备二-十三胺中间体;以及
由所述二-十三胺中间体制备C11-C14二硫代氨基甲酸钼,其中二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼包括平均大于98质量%的C13。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述丁烯原料还包括1-丁烯和异丁烯。
3.用于制备润滑组合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
由包含大于50质量%的2-丁烯的丁烯原料制备二-十三胺中间体;
由所述二-十三胺中间体制备二-十三烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼;以及
将所述二-十三烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼以所述润滑组合物的0.01-3质量%而添加至润滑基质中,使得所述润滑组合物的C11-C14二硫代氨基甲酸钼组分包括大于90质量%的二-十三烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼,其中二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼包括平均大于98质量%的C13,
其中所述C11-C14二硫代氨基甲酸钼组分在所述润滑基质中具有改善的溶解度。
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MX342410B (es) | 2016-09-28 |
CA2831596C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
CN103502403A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
SG194007A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
MX2013012048A (es) | 2014-03-27 |
EP2697342A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
JP5797832B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
KR20140003626A (ko) | 2014-01-09 |
ES2613527T3 (es) | 2017-05-24 |
CA2831596A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
WO2012141855A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
EP2697342B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
KR101575607B1 (ko) | 2015-12-08 |
US9012383B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
JP2014514407A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
RU2013150806A (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
TW201247684A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
BR112013025981B1 (pt) | 2019-01-22 |
RU2566744C2 (ru) | 2015-10-27 |
BR112013025981A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
EP2697342A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
US20120264666A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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