CN103348130A - 水电涡轮机回收系统及其方法 - Google Patents

水电涡轮机回收系统及其方法 Download PDF

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CN103348130A
CN103348130A CN2011800539153A CN201180053915A CN103348130A CN 103348130 A CN103348130 A CN 103348130A CN 2011800539153 A CN2011800539153 A CN 2011800539153A CN 201180053915 A CN201180053915 A CN 201180053915A CN 103348130 A CN103348130 A CN 103348130A
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framework
pedestal
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turbo machine
reclaiming system
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CN103348130B (zh
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詹姆斯·艾夫斯
保罗·顿纳
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Openhydro IP Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
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    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/10—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种水电涡轮机回收系统，并且具体地涉及这样一种系统：该系统通过提供具有开口的框架且在框架完全地下降到与基座锁定接合之前该框架能够围绕涡轮机前进，从而显著地减小从海床上的部署位置回收基座安装的水电涡轮机的复杂性，由此允许从海床回收其上具有涡轮机的基座。

Description

水电涡轮机回收系统及其方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水电涡轮机回收系统（recovery system），并且具体地涉及一种显著地减小从海床上等的部署位置中回收基座安装（basemounted）的水电涡轮机的复杂性的系统。
背景技术
由于化石燃料的燃烧而使地球上遭受的环境侵害，可再生能量最终开始被给予重点关注，围绕太阳能、风能、和潮汐能已经展开了许多工程。在这些另选形式的能量中，考虑到潮汐流是完全地可预测与恒定的，不像相对间歇并且因此不那么可靠的风能或太阳能，因此潮汐能无疑是最有吸引力的。
然而，治理潮汐能具有其自身的挑战，特别是关于潮汐能发电机（例如水电涡轮机）的安装、维护与恢复，其由于相同操作的非常性质而必须定位在相对快速流动的潮汐流中，并且很有可能定位在海床上。此外，为了经济上可行，这些涡轮机必须大规模地构建。因此涡轮机和相关的基座/支撑件是大型构件，并且要求重型提升与运送装备以便实现其部署与回收。这种重型提升装备的使用通常是危险的任务，并且当此装备在海洋中处在困难与不稳定情况下操作时致使了甚至更多的危险。
由于市场上用于执行此工作的适当船舶和装备的日益短缺和在高潮汐流动位置中工作的潜水员的极端危险性，而使上面的过程进一步复杂化。
DE102008032625公开了一种用于涡轮发电机单元的提升装置，该提升装置适于将涡轮机提升离开海床安装基座，基座保留固定在海床上。该装置具有包括横向居中装置（9）和夹紧装置（9）的沉浸部件（1）。横向居中装置包括可动的外壳元件，这些外壳元件向外打开同时使提升装置达到发电机单元附近的适当位置处，并且然后关闭以使提升装置相对于涡轮发电机单元（2）居中。然后涡轮发电机单元能够被提升离开在海床上保持在位的基座。
因此，为了简化基座安装的水电涡轮机系统的回收而开发了本发明，并且特别地减小了复杂性以及减少实现基座与涡轮机作为单个单元从海床回收所用的时间。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于回收基座安装的水电涡轮机的水电涡轮机回收系统，该系统包括框架，该框架具有开口以允许框架通过开口围绕涡轮机前进；其特征在于，该框架包括能够与基座接合的多个耦接器（coupler，联接器）。
优选地，基座包括能够与框架上的多个耦接器接合的对应耦接器。
优选地，在框架上的耦接器和在基座上的耦接器被布置为通过相对于彼此的竖直运动（vertical movement，垂直运动）而实现配准。
优选地，框架基本上为U形。
优选地，框架包括用于协助框架与基座对准的一个或多个引导件。
优选地，一个或多个引导件不能移动地固定在位（in position）中。
优选地，上述引导件中的至少一个引导件包括缓冲器，该缓冲器定位成当框架基本上与基座对准时接合涡轮机和/或基座，以阻止框架相对于基座的进一步位移。
优选地，缓冲器包括在框架的一对相对臂之间延伸的横向构件（crossmember）。
优选地，缓冲器能够弹性地变形以防止与其接触的涡轮机和/或基座的损坏。
优选地，每个在框架上的耦接器均包括液压致动的提升工具并且每个在基座上的耦接器均包括对应的对接件（dock），提升工具能够可逆地（reversibly，可撤销地）锁定在对接件中。
优选地，在框架和/或基座上的耦接器通过允许耦接器的有限位移的安装件而固定（secured，稳固，加固）。
优选地，该系统包括能够操作以探测框架与涡轮机和/或基座之间的接触和正确对准的一个或多个传感器。
优选地，该系统包括一个或多个成像传感器。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种从海床回收基座安装的水电涡轮机的方法，该方法包括步骤：
使具有开口的回收框架从部署船舶下降到横向地邻近基座安装的涡轮机的位置中；
使框架通过开口围绕涡轮机前进；
将框架耦接到基座；以及
将基座与涡轮机作为单个单元从海床中提升出来。
优选地，该方法包括在将框架耦接到基座的步骤之前基本上竖直地将框架下降到与基座接合。
优选地，该方法包括步骤：
当框架与基座基本上对准时，通过涡轮机与安装到框架的缓冲器的接触，阻止框架的横向位移（lateral displacement）。
优选地，该方法包括在将框架耦接到基座的步骤中，将在框架上的多个耦接器插入在基座上的对应多个耦接器中。
优选地，该方法包括在流动潮汐（running tide，运行潮汐）中执行该方法的步骤；以及在将框架下降到横向地邻近涡轮机的位置中之前将回收框架定位在涡轮机的下降潮汐（down tide，向下潮汐，退潮）中。
优选地，该方法包括通过在部署船舶与框架之间连接的动力缆线（power cable）将动力提供到回收框架的步骤；以及通过将缆线定位在框架的下降潮汐的水中来控制缆线。
附图的简要说明
图1示出了朝向基座安装的涡轮机前进的根据本发明的实施方式的水电涡轮机回收系统的立体图；
图2示出了图1中示出的布置的侧视图；
图3示出了图1中示出的回收系统，其中系统的框架已经实现与涡轮机配准；
图4示出了图3中示出的布置的侧视图；
图5示出了图1至图4中示出的回收系统，其中框架已经下降并且锁定在基座上以便允许将其回收；
图6示出了图5中示出的布置的侧视图；
图7示出了回收框架的立体图，示出了其上的引导件的一种形式；以及
图8示出了回收框架的立体图，示出了其上的引导件的另一种形式。
附图的具体描述
现在参照附图，示出了一种水电涡轮机回收系统（整体上指示为10），以便用于在单个操作中从海床等上的部署位置中回收水电涡轮机T和基座B。
回收系统10包括框架12，框架悬置在诸如驳船（未示出）等的部署船舶下方并且能够在多个引导线14上相对于驳船升高与降低。出于下文中阐述的原因，引导线14还可以将电能、液压、气动等的能量从驳船运送到框架12。然而优选的是，在部署船舶与框架12之间提供专用动力线或脐带（未示出）。每个引导线14均优选地缠绕到定位在驳船上的适当的绞盘等上，以便允许框架12相对于驳船上升与下降。在示出的实施方式中，框架12由钢管制成，尽管将理解的是，只要保持如下文中所述的潜在的功能性，便可以改变框架12的材料和设计。
具体地参照图7和图8，可以看到框架12在平面中基本上是u形的并且包括一对臂16，在其后半部中，朝向彼此呈锥形并且在顶端18处连接。每个臂16均终止在固定或不能移动的引导件20（仅在图7中示出）中，引导件远离框架12的纵向轴线L向外地弯曲。如由引导件20限定的臂16的自由端限定框架12的口部22，该口部允许进入由框架12限定的对接空间24。此对接空间24沿着纵向轴线L的方向终止在以横向构件26的形式的第三引导件处。横向构件26用作缓冲件，并且如将在下文中描述的，在使用中当框架12前进到适当位置中时该横向构件与涡轮机T的外面接触，以便防止框架12前进超过其预期的位置。在图8中示出了横向构件26的全部细节，而为了清楚起见在剩余附图中示出了减少的细节。
回收系统10另外地包括设置在框架12上并且从框架竖直地向下突出的三个耦接器28，一个耦接器在每个臂16的自由端处并且剩余的耦接器28在顶端18处。基座B设置有配合并对应定位的耦接器30，这些耦接器形成基座B的组成部分，并且因此能够承载涡轮机T与基座B的结合载荷（当二者从海床被提升时），再次如将在下文中详细描述的。在基座上的耦接器30优选地是以圆柱形套筒的形式，耦接器28可以定位在套筒中并且然后如下所述锁定在适当位置处。在示出的实施方式中，耦接器30通过基座B的支腿限定并且形成在支腿中，但是将理解的是，每个耦接器30的位置均可以根据基座B的整体设计和/或尺寸而变化。
在示出的实施方式中，在框架12上的耦接器28每个均包括提升工具28，提升工具包括从框架12的臂16竖直向下突出的圆柱形夹紧构件32。夹紧构件32包括覆盖夹紧构件32的外表面的相当大区域的夹紧元件的阵列（未示出），并且其可以优选地通过液压致动而向外地移动以凸出所述表面竖立。在使用中每个夹紧构件32均在设置在基座B上的相应耦接器30内部定位，并且然后夹紧元件（未示出）向外地移动以便接合并夹紧所述耦接器30的内表面。可以从驳船（未示出）通过引导线14或辅助线（未示出），但是优选地通过专用的动力缆线或脐带（未示出），提供实现提升工具28的操作的液压或其他动力。耦接器30的打开的上端可以向外地呈锥形以限定通过其引入夹紧构件32的漏斗形状的开口，以便协助将夹紧构件32引导到耦接器30中。可以设想的是，提升工具28和/或耦接器30可以通过浮动安装件（未示出）而固定到框架12或基座B，浮动安装件将允许一些间隙以便减小实现提升工具28与耦接器30配准所要求的准确性。
然后转向回收系统10的操作，在诸如码头等的适当位置处框架12初始地直接地紧固到驳船的底面。然后动力缆线或者脐带（未示出）可以连接在部署船舶与框架12之间，其在回收操作期间将使动力提供到提升工具28，另外提供到框架12上的任何传感器。然后驳船通过拖船（未示出）拖动或在其自身动力源下被运输到涡轮机T和基座B的部署位置。涡轮机T的精确位置是已知的，并且利用GPS以及用于参照的标识浮标或者通过在部署位置上方的海的表面上的动态定位（DP）进行保持。然后驳船能够相对于涡轮机T准确地定位，以便在单个操作中开始回收涡轮机T和基座B两者。
在到达涡轮机T以后，驳船相对于潮汐流的方向略微定位在涡轮机T和基座B的下游或下降潮汐。然后框架12在引导线14上下降直到框架12位于与涡轮机T相同的水平坐标处，并且如图1和图2中所示出的。通过在涡轮机T的流动潮汐和直接下降潮汐期间部署框架12，潮汐的流动将沿着基本上平行于框架12的纵向轴线L的方向。经过框架12的潮汐水流将趋于使框架12保持相对于涡轮机T和基座B的正确配准。此外，将动力从部署船舶提供到框架12的动力缆线或脐带（未示出）将在回收过程中被控制，并且通过将框架12定位在涡轮机T的下降潮汐中，动力缆线（未示出）能够简单地沉积在部署船舶的后面并且因此进入框架12的下降潮汐水中。然后在整个回收过程期间流动潮汐将确保动力缆线保持框架12的下降潮汐，并且由此将不对操作造成干扰。通过使驳船和框架从下降潮汐位置前进，于是在驳船或拖船动力损失的情形中将在操作中建立失效保险，这将导致框架12远离涡轮机T漂移并且由此避免了框架12接触并且损坏涡轮机T的可能性。
在此点处，驳船随着悬置在其下方的框架12，朝向涡轮机T和基座B前进，优选地沿着基本上与框架12的纵向轴线L平行的方向，并且口部22在前。框架12可以通过推进驳船绑到其上的拖船而前进，或者作为另选的方案，拖船可以正确地定位并且然后用绞盘拉动上游的驳船和框架。优选的是，框架12设置有多个传感器（未示出）以便在回收操作期间监控框架12的位置/情况。这些传感器可以是一个或多个照相机或成像声呐的形式，以便在操作期间（即使当水不清澈、具有高浊度、或者在夜间操作期间）提供视觉反馈。
因此框架12将会缓慢地接近涡轮机T，并且如果在两个这对引导件20之间存在任何未对准的情况，这仅在图7中示出，将用于温和地修正框架12的位置使得涡轮机T经过口部22并且进入限定在框架12内的对接空间24中。框架12在涡轮机T周围继续水平位移，直到横向构件26接触涡轮机T的面为止，由此阻止框架12的进一步水平位移。如图3和图4中所示，横向构件26被定位为使得当其接触涡轮机T的外面时，每个提升工具28均将定位在基座B上的相应耦接器30的正上方。框架12还可以设置有另外的传感器以指示与涡轮机T接触，诸如可以监控接触的负载传感器（load cell，测力传感器）（未示出）。一旦这些传感器指示框架12与涡轮机T之间的接触，就能够使框架12停止。在此阶段，优选的是，使驳船略微潮起地前进以便在引导线14中布置一些张力以便保持框架12稳固地抵靠涡轮机T。由于潮汐流的速度中的湍流和/或波动，速度的增加可以临时地移位框架12到涡轮机T的下降潮汐，并且一旦增加的潮汐流减小那么然后框架12便将朝后摆动并且接触涡轮机T。此框架12的摆动可以因此导致涡轮机T或框架12的损坏。通过在引导线14中布置张力，即使在此潮汐波动期间，框架12也将保持稳固地抵靠涡轮机T。
在此点处，驳船停止并且在涡轮机T和基座B正上方保持在适当位置中。如图5和图6中所示，然后引导线14被用于沿着竖直方向缓慢地使框架12下降，由此每个提升工具中均将被插入到基座B上的相应耦接器30中。一旦框架12已经被完全地下降到适当位置中，引导线14将开始放松，在此点处使框架12下降的绞盘停止。然后提升工具28被致动，由此夹紧元件（未示出）向外地突出以便夹紧耦接器30的圆柱形内表面，由此将提升工具28锁定到耦接器30。
可以设想的是，耦接器28、30的竖直定向是可以改变的，例如沿着水平定向。通过此种布置方式，然后将仅需要的是水平地推进框架12进入与基座12接合，但是将会要求框架12的初始水平定位中的较大程度的准确性。还应该理解的是，提升工具28和对应的耦接器30可以由将框架12连接并固定到基座B的任何其他适当的装置替换，例如使用钩、夹头、或其他形式的机械紧固件。还应该理解的是，尽管示出的实施方式的系统10设计为回收三角形基座B，并且因此包括三个提升工具28，系统10可以再构造为回收另选类型的基座，例如长方形基座等，并且因此可以包括多于或少于示出实施方式的三个提升工具28。
现在框架12稳固地锁定到基座B，并且涡轮机T自身固定到其上。现在绞盘能够反转以便将引导线14拖上来，由此将涡轮机T和基座B作为单个单元提升离开海床。可能需要将基座B的每个支腿单独地提升，以便协助削弱在支腿处的任何沉降效果。这可以通过以下方式来实现：单独地提升每个引导线14直到相应的支腿摆脱海床的束缚，然后在此点处支腿可以降低下来并且然后下一个支腿被提升。一旦全部支腿均从海床摆脱束缚，框架12便优选地完全地被提升抵靠驳船的底面，其设计为允许涡轮机T向上经过其中的开口。在此点处框架12安全地固定到驳船，然后它可以将基座B和涡轮机运送上岸。
因此将会理解的是，通过使用具有口部22的开口侧框架来接收涡轮机T，以及引导件20与横向构件26的设置，框架12能够相对容易地定位并且固定到基座B并且不要求潜水员或其他人员在操作期间在海床上。因此涡轮机T和基座B能够作为单个单元回收，以避免当在海床上时使二者分离的需要。这还确保一旦运送上岸，涡轮机T仍固定到基座B，并且因此涡轮机T能够保持在陆地上完全地通过基座B支撑，然后在陆地上可以做出检查和/或适当的修复。这避免了将涡轮机T运送到分离的支撑件的要求，而这种运送是困难与耗时的操作，并且增加了损坏涡轮机T的风险。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于回收基座安装的水电涡轮机的水电涡轮机回收系统，所述系统包括框架，所述框架具有开口以允许所述框架通过所述开口围绕所述涡轮机前进；其特征在于，所述框架包括能够与所述基座接合的多个耦接器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的回收系统，其中所述基座包括能够与所述框架上的所述多个耦接器接合的对应耦接器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的回收系统，其中在所述框架上的所述耦接器和在所述基座上的耦接器被布置为通过相对于彼此的竖直运动而实现配准。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的回收系统，其中所述框架基本上为U形。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的回收系统，其中所述框架包括用于协助所述框架与所述基座对准的一个或多个引导件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的回收系统，其中所述一个或多个引导件不能移动地固定在位。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的回收系统，其中所述引导件中的至少一个引导件包括缓冲器，所述缓冲器定位成当所述框架基本上与所述基座对准时接合所述涡轮机和/或所述基座，以阻止所述框架相对于所述基座的进一步位移。
8.根据权利要求7所述的回收系统，其中所述缓冲器包括在所述框架的一对相对臂之间延伸的横向构件。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的回收系统，其中所述缓冲器能够弹性地变形以防止对与其接触的所述涡轮机和/或基座造成损坏。
10.根据权利要求2至9中任一项所述回收系统，其中在所述框架上的所述耦接器各自均包括液压致动的提升工具并且在所述基座上的所述耦接器各自均包括对应的对接件，所述提升工具能够可逆地锁定在所述对接件中。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的回收系统，其中在所述框架和/或所述基座上的所述耦接器通过允许所述耦接器的有限位移的安装件而固定。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的回收系统，包括能够操作以探测所述框架与所述涡轮机和/或所述基座之间的接触和正确对准的一个或多个传感器。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的回收系统，包括一个或多个成像传感器。
14.一种从海床中回收基座安装的水电涡轮机的方法，所述方法包括步骤：
使具有开口的回收框架从部署船舶下降到横向地邻近所述基座安装的涡轮机的位置中；
使所述框架通过所述开口围绕所述涡轮机前进；
将所述框架耦接到所述基座；以及
将所述基座和所述涡轮机作为单个单元从海床中提升出来。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，包括在将所述框架耦接到所述基座的步骤之前基本上竖直地将所述框架下降到与所述基座接合。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，包括步骤：
当所述框架与所述基座基本上对准时，通过使所述涡轮机与安装到所述框架的缓冲器的接触，阻止所述框架的横向位移。
17.根据权利要求14至16中任一项所述的方法，包括在将所述框架耦接到所述基座的步骤中，将在所述框架上的多个耦接器插入到在所述基座上的对应多个耦接器中。
18.根据权利要求14至17中任一项所述的方法，包括在流动潮汐中执行所述方法的步骤；以及在将所述框架下降到横向地邻近所述涡轮机的位置中之前将所述回收框架定位在所述涡轮机的下降潮汐中。
19.根据权利要求14至18中任一项所述的方法，包括通过在所述部署船舶与所述框架之间连接的动力缆线将动力提供到所述回收框架的步骤；以及通过将所述缆线定位在所述框架的下降潮汐的水中来控制所述缆线。
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